Variegated derain: planting, care, reproduction and pruning. Shrub plant variegated derain: planting and care

The most widespread species in culture is white turf, also sometimes called white svidina. In nature, it lives among shrubs in the north and east of the Russian European part, along the banks of streams and rivers. Far East and Eastern Siberia. This shrub reaches 3 m in height, has many branches, has thin erect red-brown and coral-red shoots. The young bark has a bluish bloom and a bright color. The leaves on the branches are opposite, have a dark green color, slightly bluish-white below and covered with hairs on both sides. The leaves of the shrub are elliptical or broadly ovate. At first glance, they appear to be slightly wrinkled due to prominent venation. Shrub flowering and fruiting occurs at 3-4 years of life of the deren and begins in May-June. Its yellow-white flowers are collected in corymbose inflorescences. The shrub is especially decorative in the autumn, when its leaves turn purple-red or purple-red. The shrub grows very quickly for the first 13-15 years, and then growth slows down and fades. The shrub at this time becomes darker, and the red color is preserved exclusively on young shoots.

This species is also widespread due to its winter hardiness and frost resistance, it is not picky about the shade, it perfectly adapts to the conditions of the city. It grows remarkably well on any post, although it is more supportive of moist sandy loam. During a prolonged drought, the leaves wither, but as soon as the humidity rises, they recover. It is unpretentiousness and unique decorative properties that contribute to the use of shrubs in landscaping since 1741. It is ideal for large loose groups, for hedges. Propagate white sod by layering, cuttings, root suckers, seeds. Sometimes it can be slightly damaged by aphids, but it is well pruned.

Derain blood red

Slightly less common in landscape design is blood-red svidina (blood-red turf). Natural habitat - the European part of Russia, the Carpathians, Scandinavia, the Caucasus. Prefers forest edges, wet places near lakes and rivers. In such conditions, the shrub reaches 3-4 m, has flexible green shoots, but with age, acquiring a reddish tint. It also has bright, green, egg-shaped leaves that are covered with hairs. At the end of the month of May, corymbose inflorescences bloom. Flowering occurs every year, starting at the age of seven, and lasts for two weeks. Sometimes in August there is a second flowering.

The fruits ripen in autumn, with the leaves becoming really bloody red.

This shrub is also well adapted to urban conditions, winter-hardy, tolerates drought and shade well, but prefers moist sandy loam or fresh loose loam. It recovers very quickly after a haircut. Shrubs are also used for other purposes: baskets and hoops are woven from its shoots, wood is used for the manufacture of joinery. The oil present in the seeds is used for technical purposes. The shrub is a good soil fixer, because it has many root offspring. Therefore, it is often planted in hedges and on slopes.

Other types of derain

Good indicators of resistance to winter conditions, even in Central Russia, have Deren, alternate-leaved, otherwise called alternate-leaved svidina. In Moscow, the height of the shrub reaches one and a half meters, initially its shoots are green. After that, they change color to red-brown.

Just as unpretentious to winter conditions is the North American species of offspring turf, which lives in thickets of shrubs along reservoirs and rivers, as well as in humid forests. In appearance it is similar to white turf. A shrub blooms at 4-5 years of age with milky white flowers, its fruits are bluish-reddish. The shrub propagates by root shoots, cuttings, seeds, layering.

Other North American species have no less good winter hardiness: Bayle's turf, fragrant turf, oblique turf, racemose turf.

Much less winter-hardy are such species as Coase's derain, Canadian derain and flowering derain.

Flowering derain, otherwise - blooming bentamidia, grows in eastern North America. This shrub loves warmth, under natural conditions it grows up to 6 m. The leaves are elliptical in shape, small flowers gather in an inflorescence, which is surrounded by large bracts. Coase's benthamidia has 4 large white bracts and small yellow-green flowers. The leaves of the shrub are elliptical in shape, dark green in color, but slightly bluish-green below, and turn bright yellow in autumn. The fruits of Coase's benthamidia are juicy, scarlet fruits, edible and have a tart taste. Bentamidia canadensis lives not only in Canada, but also in China, on Far East, in Russia, Japan. This view in Moscow during the winter survives thanks to the snow cover. If the winter is snowless, then the shrub can be severely affected by frost.

Many East Asian species, most often from China (medicinal turf, Walter's turf) are not resistant to frost. And even if they are sheltered in winter, they still die, surviving only in botanical gardens Moscow State University.

Derain propagation

Any kind of deren reproduces vegetatively. Its cuttings are rooted in greenhouses under glass in washed sand, which is poured in a 3-5 cm layer on a substrate from a turf mixture, or, as an option, sand with humus soil. Before planting a shrub, the soil must be well watered. Cuttings are planted at an angle of 45 degrees by 5 cm deep into the ground. During rooting in the greenhouse, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of + 20-25 degrees Celsius. Also, we should not forget about the high humidity, which is maintained by spraying with water and with the help of a fogging installation. By autumn, the plants form strong and strong roots, which allows them to be planted in the ground. But in the first winter, the sod should be covered with spruce branches and leaves.

Derain red (video)

The use of deren in the landscape

Many varieties of derain are used as material for creating hedges. To do this, they land next to each other and, growing up, create a high and dense wall. Thanks to it, the air is filled with freshness and pleasant aroma, protection from dust and wind is formed. A very spectacular and decorative hedge is formed from white turf, the special beauty of which is given by its variegated varieties with bright shoots. They are easily and well trimmed and grow back very quickly.

If you are choosing a shrub for your site, then Special attention should be given to the possibility of combining this plant and other ornamental species: flowering time, decorative properties, appearance, tolerance of certain conditions, size.

Derain variegated - ornamental shrub with bright and large leaves. Due to its high and lush crown, densely dotted with variegated leaves and beautiful white flowers, it is often used as a hedge and garden decoration. The shrub has an unusually strong and durable wood, and the deren got its name precisely because of it. Derain is native to the forests of Siberia, but it can also be found in China, Japan and Korea. Derain perfectly takes root on any soil, frost-resistant and unpretentious in care.

Derain white, or svidina, is the one unpretentious plant, which is loved by amateur gardeners and professional landscape designers. Everyone is attracted by the decorativeness of an unpretentious shrub, the variety of its forms and varieties, as well as the ease of crown formation.

Derain description

(Cornus) belongs to the family dogwood (Cornaceae). Not all types C.capitata, C. controversa, C. florida, C. kousa, C. nuttallii) are adapted to our climate. They are best grown where there are no such long and frosty winters as in middle lane Russia. When buying planting material, you should pay attention to this. I was once let down by the desire to buy a wonderful bush of an unknown species, derena blooming (C. florida). Its branches turned black immediately after the first frosty winter. In our harsh climate, several winter-hardy types of deren grow well and bear fruit. The most popular of them is derain white (Cornus alba). It is also called white svidina, or white dogwood. In the people, white deren is known as reddened.

There are two flowering peaks during the season: in May - June and in August - September. At this time, the bush is decorated with numerous corymbose inflorescences of white or cream flowers. Individual inflorescences appear throughout the summer. It is worth taking a closer look at the derain flower. This is a real tiny laboratory in which everything is thought out to the smallest detail. Crawling and flying insects work in it. They are responsible for cross-pollination. When the nectar supply runs out, the nectar disc at the base of the column turns red. Insect pollinators receive a signal: the flower no longer needs their services. For self-pollination, a fallback is provided, in which the stamens of one flower are in contact with neighboring flowers of the same inflorescence.

Derain white (C. alba) is the most popular species adapted to the conditions of our climate zone. It is originally a large shrub with spreading flexible branches of red, brown or brownish-red color. In nature, krasnothal can be found along roadsides, on the edges of forests, along the banks of lakes and rivers. Among the bushes there are beauties with dazzling red bark. In autumn and winter, such bushes are clearly visible from afar.

Species sod looks beautiful at any time of the year. Admire the plasticity of the interlacing of the branches. White rounded fruits (berries up to 8 mm in diameter) at the end of summer adorn the shrub at the same time as the recently appeared flowers. Very little time passes, and the foliage changes color to autumn. It becomes bronze-crimson, orange or burgundy.

white derain care

Derain white - frost-resistant, undemanding to the soil shrub. It can feed for a long time on the stock of organic matter and minerals that were previously introduced into the planting pits. The shrub responds well to top dressing wood ash and watering. Svidina endures spring stagnant water. Many varieties cope even with occasional drought. The best place for white turf (especially variegated varieties) is a bright sunny area.

Propagation of white deren

White derain is propagated by seeds, cuttings and layering. Usually the shrub blooms and begins to bear fruit from the age of three. Seed viability approaches 100%. Freshly harvested seeds are sown in autumn, stratified seeds are sown in spring. On my site, derain seedlings appear in the most unexpected places, birds are most often the culprits. They spread the seeds of several bushes growing on our site, and those bushes in hedges, which the neighbors "fenced off".

Decorative forms are best propagated vegetative ways so as not to lose their best qualities. Rooting of green cuttings is not always possible, in addition, they often freeze out in the first winter. But the rooting rate of cuttings from lignified shoots is almost one hundred percent. Even pegs and garter poles made from fresh or slightly dried turf branches come to life. This is because the plant has an amazing feature: the root buds are under the bark along the entire shoot and are ready to wake up as soon as they find themselves in suitable conditions. Ease of reproduction allows you to get even varietal planting material for free. Ask your neighbors for at least one branch or pick up a few shoots left over from cutting neighbors' bushes. Our huge bush of species white turf with red bark was grown from a shrub shoot found at the edge of a forest near Moscow. True, we had to hunt for such an elegant derain.

Formation of the crown of white derain

Deren is a real find for gardeners. You can do wonders with it. A wide range of decorative forms and varieties of white derain allows you to use this shrub for decorating a site one hundred percent. Here are some tips for a gardener who picks up a pruner or saw.

In order to form the backbone of a shrub, old branches that have lost their luster are cut down. Remove excess shoots, broken and ugly branches sticking out to the sides. In summer, pruning corrects the shape and limits the growth of branches in an undesirable direction. The shape of the bush has to be maintained by regular pruning. It can be carried out practically all year round, excluding a short period of active sap flow. Of course, winter is not the most right time to form a crown, although it is not forbidden to cut off a certain number of "extra" branches. Svidina tolerates pruning painlessly. Shoots grow back quickly, which allows you to correct mistakes made during the previous formation, or give the bush a new shape.

Column. On our site there is a four-meter column of species svidina (with green leaves and scarlet bark). This shrub grew from cuttings. If you look closely at those turf bushes that grow on the banks of rivers, in the undergrowth, on the slopes of ravines, along roads and in many other places, you can see that they are all a little different. Among them there are shrubs with very bright red bark. Even the only rooted shoot of such a shrub eventually turns into beautiful bush. The species derain has a desire for unbridled growth. If I left it to myself, then there would no longer be room on the site, not only for other plants, but also for us. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to restrain the growth of a viable shrub.

I leave only strong branches directed upwards and part of the overgrowth so that the bush takes on the appearance of a column. It is important not to overdo it here, as too high a narrow “column” can collapse. It rests on powerful old shoots that have not yet lost their luster of bark. The skeleton of the bush is a good support. Young shoots and shoots become the filling of the column.

Arc. From the long branches of the specific deren, bent into an arc, beautiful green arches are obtained. Sometimes in the summer I create such an arch by bending down those tall young shoots of the “column” that are 1.5 m from the fence. The arch between the bush and the two-meter fence not only decorates the site, but also gives shade on a hot summer day. This option of using tall deren can be beaten by decorating the area with arches between neighboring bushes or between a bush and some kind of structure, a fence.

Hemisphere. The turf, shaped like a hemisphere, looks beautiful. To do this, annually in early spring or autumn, two-year and three-year-old shoots are cut off at a level of 10 cm from the ground. This technique stimulates the rapid emergence of new shoots and rejuvenates the shrub. In addition, low pruning (especially of old bushes) at the very beginning of spring is necessary so that the shrub does not become bare from below and has a lush crown. Some winter-hardy variegated pigs, for example, a low (about 1.5 m) variety "Ivory Halo" ("Ivory Halo"), are simply created to form them into a hemisphere. Without pruning, the bush eventually becomes bare from below and looks worse than formed.

Sphere, cube and other figures. We have two spectacular deren bushes on the site. One - Gouchaulty (Gouchaultii). It's medium sized thick bush with green leaves bordered by an uneven wide yellow line with a weak pink tint. Another - elegantissima (Elegantissima). Every year, with the help of large garden shears, they alternately turn into either a cube or a ball. This allows not only to decorate the site with living "figures", but also restrains the uncontrolled growth of shrubs. You can beautifully shape the shape of a variety bush Siberian Variegata (Sibirica Variegata). At the end of the season, all of its foliage turns purple-red. Several domestic firms offer white turf seeds Caranthus. According to the picture and description printed on the seed bags, it is very similar to Sibirika Variegata.

Popular derain white Elegantissima = Argenteomarginata (Elegantissima = Argenteomarginata) - up to three meters high - has foliage decorated with a wide uneven white stripe. The variety is also suitable for creating spectacular bushes in the form of a ball or cube.

Stamp forms. Derain white, formed into one trunk, can be turned into a low tree, a "panicle" or a ball "on a leg". For this, one shoot is selected, which is intended to become a bole. The rest of the shoots are cut at the root. The stem is regularly cleaned of buds and emerging branches. It is better to tie it to a support. To form the crown, the top and all new upper branches are shortened. Take into account the directions of the buds that are at the ends in order to create a crown with geometric accuracy certain form. It is necessary to monitor the stem all the time. To do this, blind the kidneys and cut off the shoots. White variegated sod is ideal for growing in standard form. Ivory Halo (Ivory Halo).

Hedges. When creating hedges from pork, dried and broken branches are regularly cut out, thinned out, the width and height of the hedge are adjusted, and the line is corrected. Spectacular "fences" are obtained from pork elegantissima (Elegantissima), a tall (up to three meters) winter-hardy shrub with white-edged bluish leaves and red bark of branches (in winter). Looks good hedge from Aurea Elegantissima (Aurea Elegantissima) with yellow-variegated leaves. Without regular pruning, a beautiful and neat hedge from any derain eventually turns into impenetrable thickets that capture new spaces.

Row ornamental varieties gave deren white Siberia (Sibirica, Koralle, Westonbirt). It grows in damp places, more often along rivers in Siberia, Manchuria and northern China. In autumn, light green leaves turn purple-red or dark purple. This is a tall (up to 3 meters) deciduous shrub with strong long erect shoots. Around the bush there is always a lot of overgrowth and creeping side shoots. In spring, the bright red bark turns slightly green, and before the onset of winter, it turns red again and acquires a shine. Dark green leaves have a light bluish color underneath. Creamy white flowers are collected in corymbose inflorescences up to 5 cm in diameter. They appear in May - early June. Flowering continues for a long time. Later, the shrub is decorated with white pea fruits with a slightly bluish tint. This hedgerow needs regular pruning. Without it, the bush will lose the scarlet color of the branches in winter. For a hedge of medium height I can recommend Siberian Variegata (Sibirica Variegata) - a dense compact bush with large leaves, decorated with a wide white uneven border.

Ideal for hedges that require minimal trimming, white sod Shpet, or svidina Spathi, dogwood Shpet (Spaethii). It is a shrub about 2.5 meters high with leaves bordered around the perimeter with a golden yellow wide stripe, and with red-brown bark. Derain white Shpeta is the most “yellow” variety, in which the blossoming leaves seem to be bronze. Later, a wide golden stripe and spots appear. Some leaves remain completely yellow. Spathi Pork Hedge is suitable for a sunny location and needs to be good watering. Unfortunately, in the northern regions in winter it can partially freeze. Instead, varieties often sell a less tall (1.5 m tall) variety Gauchaulty (Gauchaultii, Froebelii) with slightly drooping leaves. They have a narrower and less “golden” border strip. Such sorting in a tall hedge can cause ugly failures. Lovers of yellow will also like white derain Aurea (Aurea) with plain pale yellow leaves. Bush in height (1.5 - 2 m) is also suitable for hedges.

White derain feels great in a hedge Kesselrings (Kesselringi) 2-3 m high. It is necessary not only to regularly shorten the lower branches, but also to ensure that the top line of its fast-growing shoots is even. Bright green leaves turn purple in autumn.

Natural form. Most amateur gardeners are faced with the fact that they do not have the time (effort or desire) to engage in regular pruning of the turf, which is necessary to maintain a given shape. For lovers of the natural form of trees and shrubs, we can advise a fairly winter-hardy Argenteomarginata (Argenteomarginata) with light green leaves adorned with creamy white spots and a border. From a distance, the bush appears silvery. The hand does not rise to prune its beautiful branches. In this case, gentle pruning is suitable, in which only damaged shoots are removed and the dimensions of the bush are restrained. Derain white Aurea (bush medium size up to two meters high with a bushy crown) also looks great in its natural form. Its leaves have so much yellow that they look golden in a sunny or slightly shaded place.

Variety Kesselrings (Kesselringii) also looks great in its natural form. This tall, dense shrub sometimes needs to be thinned out to better show off the intense coloration of the dark brown-red bark. Most of shoots directed upwards. The lower shoots form a "skirt" that a lawnmower can handle. To rejuvenate the bush, it is cut off “on a stump”. A tall single bush can decorate the site.

Grows for some time without pruning and cultivar Gauchaulty (Gauchaultii) up to 1.5 meters high. His freedom ends as soon as he begins to crowd neighboring plants and interfere with the passage.

The many-sided spectacular appearance of the variegated dogwood is attractive at any time of the year. In summer, the shrub is covered with a dense cap of variegated leaves, and in winter, brightly colored crimson branches delight the eye.

Dören has become a welcome guest in gardens, parks, alleys are planted with them, they are used as hedges. The hard wood of the branches probably determined the name of the shrub.

What else is a picturesque bush good for, is it easy to grow it without special knowledge. How it tolerates pruning, transplanting, and with what crops it is combined in design.

Variegated derain is a native of the forests of the Siberian and Far East Asian regions. This is a deciduous shrub of the Kizilov family, in nature reaching a height of 3 meters (coverage is also 3 meters).

Numerous erect branches of a spreading bush are strong and painted in brown, reddish color. There are also low-growing varietal varieties, up to one and a half meters tall, with branches of a yellow-green color scheme.

The leaves are large, green, with a white or yellow border, distinguish the plant from others. Inflorescences with a diameter of 5-6 centimeters are white in color. The plant flowers twice a year. The berries are white-bluish, inedible, formed in autumn.

In favor of the widespread distribution of derain, its frost resistance and unpretentiousness to soil and care speak. It is used for landscaping urban landscapes, even in the most northern territories.

In order for shrubs to take the desired shape, the crown is formed by trimming. In winter, the so-called living barriers are leafless, then the red color of the bark comes to the fore.

In addition to variegated, there are other types of spectacular turf: offspring, white, red, Coase.

Varieties of variegated turf

Purple branches have a rich color and green leaves with a white edging. Autumn sometimes they become reddish-pink.

A two-meter bush has concave pale leaves, bordered by a wide white stripe.

Large green leaves are yellow at the edges. In autumn, the border acquires a red color.

The upright turf of this variety has leaves with cream edging.

Twisted leaves of dark or brown-green are a feature of this species.

Tall shrub with yellow green leaves. Under the influence of the spring sun, the border turns pink.

Site selection, boarding and transfer

Variegated turf is quite a large-scale plant, if it is not shaped. Therefore, you should not plant it near other shrubs or tall trees.

You need a lighted place or partial shade, but a shady area will serve to lose variegation, the leaves will become ordinary, green.

The soil should be loose, fertile and drained, not overdried.

How to plant

In order for the plant to take root well, it is planted in the spring, when there are no frosts and the soil has warmed up. For survival, this is the first condition, so the turf will get stronger, grow the root system and prepare for winter.

• Dig a hole, fill it with humus, you can also compost;
• A seedling for planting should be taken no older than 3-4 years;
• If a root system dry, put the seedling for several hours in a basin of water.

We transplant

Sometimes it becomes necessary to change the location of an adult tree. This arises for various reasons: if the previous place has a detrimental effect on its decorative effect, or the neighborhood with it has become unsafe for other plants (it grows rapidly).

Transplantation is a big stress for the deren. It should be carried out carefully and according to all the rules:

1. It is better if it is autumn, the time after the foliage has been shed. In the spring, the procedure is carried out very early, until the kidneys swell.
2. The root system of the shrub is branched, carefully, we dig it in a circle, given that the processes of the roots occupy a large area.
3. The earth clod is carefully placed in the hole, covered with loose soil, trampled down and watered.
4. Planting area should be mulched with humus.

With this method, you can transplant not only a single copy, but also arrange a whole hedge. To do this, dig a trench with an even strip of the required length, its width and depth should exceed the volume of the root system up to 2 times.

Lay loose humus or compost on the bottom, and then set the plants at the required distance. Sprinkle them with earth, compact, water and mulch. Now you need regular watering and shelter from the bright sun for a week.

How to cut

Among landscape designers, variegated derain is one of the favorite cultures - it can become the central object of the site, fit into any park ensemble.

This unusual shrub can be cut into many different shapes. The labor-intensive pruning process is carried out twice a year - in spring and at the end of summer. First, it is necessary to remove old lifeless branches by cutting, as well as excess growth. The stems sticking out in the wrong direction are also removed.

The shrub easily tolerates cutting, and new stems grow at an enviable rate in place of the removed shoots.

For arranging arches, decorating gates, creating even landings at fences, pruning achieves columns, arcs, spheres and hemispheres, as well as all kinds of geometric shapes.

In order to avoid growth on other areas of the estate, forming pruning is carried out necessarily and regularly. Giving beautiful, original form deren, will make the view of the site unique.

How doren propagate

It is possible to plant sod with seeds - this is a rather lengthy process, so that the bush grows to standard sizes, you will need to wait up to 7-8 years. Therefore, this method is rarely resorted to, although the germination of seeds is 100%.

It is better to propagate the shrub vegetatively - it is fast, simple and effective.

Division of the bush in spring

• An overgrown bush is dug up;
• The root part is freed from the earth;
• Cut the bush with a sharp clean knife;
• Planted in prepared pits, sprinkled with humus, watered.

cuttings

• In the spring, when cutting branches, a cutting is harvested with 7-9 good buds;
• Plant twigs in a fertile substrate in a greenhouse (either in the ground or under a plastic jar);
• In summer, seedlings are watered, ventilated and fed with fertilizers;
• During this time, roots will appear, in the fall you can plant new trees in a permanent place.

layering

The spreading crown of the variegated derain makes it easy to get layering from the mother bush.

• A falling, flexible shoot is taken and leans;
• You can pin it to the ground with a metal bracket or steel wire;
• Sprinkle with humus, pour;
• Spring manipulation will allow the branch to take root by autumn;
• Cut off this stem before wintering and transplant it to a prepared place next spring.

How to care for deren

Care consists of watering, fertilizing and pruning. Fertilize the plant a couple of times a year, in the spring a mineral complex for shrubs, and in the summer it is enough to add humus under the bush so that the near-stem part does not dry out (and to feed the roots with organic matter).

Watering young, newly planted bushes should be moderate, but daily. But adult bushes can tolerate dry weather, they only need one watering a week. In autumn, watering is sometimes reduced.

Only young plants can be covered for the winter, while an adult specimen is frost-resistant and does not need warming. It would be problematic to cover, for example, a long hedge.

Pests are not too fond of this unpleasant-tasting shrub. If you see that the branches and leaves are affected by aphids, then treat the planting with a solution of laundry soap. Fungal infections are removed with fungicides.

Place in landscape design

The variegated variety of derain is an adornment of any estate, requiring not so much attention to its person at all.

The shrub is planted as a hedge and given a special shape. Remarkably built into the composition with juniper, barberry, rose bushes.

With flowering plants, undersized and medium-sized shrubs, even with coniferous individuals, the sod will look spectacular.

Bushes planted along the fences will set the tone for the entire site, being a kind of contour.

With the help of variegated deren, you can designate the zoning of the territory. Another undeniable dignity is that on a sloping lawn or in a rocky garden, a bush can become a landmark. After all, this perennial unpretentious shrub is also good in a single planting.