What to do with a tick. Chemical protection

Knowing what to do if bitten by a tick can be a life saver on a hike in the woods or on a hike. Long-term statistics of Rospotrebnadzor shows that annually in our country over 400 thousand people officially apply for medical care due to tick attacks. On average, doctors record 2-4 thousand cases of infection with tick-borne encephalitis and over 10 thousand cases of infection with borreliosis per year. From 30 to 50 infected people die and one in five becomes disabled for life.

Where are ticks found

Any piece of vegetation is a potential habitat for ticks. There are natural landscapes where the probability of finding ticks at a certain time of the year is 100%.

Areas of maximum risk

Most likely, ticks can be found in bushes and grass:

In the raspberry bushes.

In dense growth of young aspen.

In wet and shaded areas of the undergrowth.

In tall grass on the edges of the forest (sedge, wormwood, burdock and others).

In places where ferns grow in pine forests.

High-risk areas where you may encounter a bite encephalitis tick:

• trails of wild animals;
• wet ravines;
• protected from the sun areas of wild forest and city parks.

Dynamics of seasonal activity

The period of active search for a food source for ticks begins with the arrival of positive night temperatures in mid-April. During the first two weeks of warm spring weather, ticks reach dangerous numbers. The peak of activity is in May and June. Hot and dry weather in summer contributes to population decline. With the onset of cool nights and wet matinees in August-September, tick attacks become more frequent. They can stick to a person any day, before the onset of the first frost.

How to reduce the risk of dangerous infection

The tick tends to cling to everything that moves in the reach of its paws. If he manages to do this, then he begins to look for a place on the body where the most blood vessels are concentrated under the skin.

Features of the spread of tick-borne infections

A man for a tick is not a desirable object of hunting. Humans are able to locate and remove the tick before it feeds on blood and falls off on its own to continue the breeding cycle. For him, the main source of procreation is wild animals, including rodents - rats and mice. Wild animals are universally infected with pathogenic microorganisms and viruses, which ticks transmit to humans during a bite.

The likelihood of infection with a bite

More than 60 dangerous pathogens are known that are transmitted to humans during the bite of a tick. Most common encephalitis, borreliosis, tick-borne typhus and viral fevers.

But even if the animal's chelicerae have already penetrated the skin, there is still hope that the infection has not yet entered the circulatory system.

Early detection and removal of ticks

When an infested tick is found in no case should you try to crush him, or scrape off with a fingernail. In this case, the risk of infection increases.

Safety rules after visiting the forest

Exist simple rules prevention tick infestations. This is a mandatory examination of the body after visiting places where ticks can live. Need to see:

Hands, forearms and elbow joints from all sides.

Chest, abdomen and groin.

Legs, inner thighs and knee joints.

Using a mirror, you need to examine:

Hairline of the head and face.

Back and buttocks.

The deeper the tick sticks, the harder it is to get rid of it.

Bite rules

How deep can a tick penetrate the skin?

The tick slowly pushes its cutting apparatus under the skin. Within 10-12 hours, he will have time to completely immerse himself in the body. A small tubercle with a hole for breathing will remain on the surface, from which only the hind limbs will periodically appear. If you notice the presence in time, the tick will live inside the tubercle for 2 weeks, and will swell up to 1.5 cm. The bite site will begin to itch, inflammation will occur. It will no longer be possible to ignore the consequences of a bite.

How to remove a tick with improvised means

At home, ticks are removed with a thread. For this you need:

throw a loop around the base of the tick head;

tighten the loop so that it pulls the tick near the surface of the skin;

gently turn the animal counterclockwise and slightly pull the thread towards you;

The thread is convenient to use if the tick has bitten, but not stuck to the end. In order for the thread to capture the bloodsucker at the very base of the head, you need to tighten it gradually, with short and light hand movements.

Split Hook

One of the causes of infection tick-borne diseases – errors when extracting a tick after it has stuck to the skin. A person can himself contribute to the infection in the blood while trying to get rid of the tick in the wrong and ineffective ways.

Consequences of improper tick extraction

A careless attempt to get rid of the tick can lead to separation from the body of the head, which will remain under the skin after removal. It will have to be removed, like a splinter, with a needle, or a scalpel. The tick must be delivered to the laboratory for analysis in a live form to identify specific type the disease of which he is a carrier.

Doubtful and ineffective ways to extract a tick

Methods for lubricating the abdomen with oil, wax and kerosene

The folk method of getting rid of ticks advises to make it difficult for an animal that has stuck to the body to breathe. For this, oil, kerosene, wax, cream, cologne and other improvised means are used. The organs by which the arthropod breathes are located in the back of the body. By blocking the access of oxygen, it is possible to force the bloodsucker to crawl out from under the skin without additional application of mechanical efforts. For this, his abdomen is lubricated. The doubtfulness of the method is that the tick does not always come out, and if breathing becomes difficult, it begins to actively produce infectious saliva and let it into the wound.

Removing a tick with a medical syringe

This method is only effective on initial stage when the tick has just bitten, but has not yet stuck deeply. The tip of the syringe is cut off, after which it is pressed tightly against the skin with the cut part and the piston is sharply raised. Negative pressure is created, which sucks the tick into the syringe. The method is extremely dangerous. A strong blood flow is created in the bite area, microvessels burst. There is a risk of infection. If the tick sits deep, then this method is categorically contraindicated.

Forest clothes against ticks

Anatomical features of ticks

Ticks have 12 limbs. For movement are 4 rear pairs. The processes in front are also limbs, there are two pairs of them. But they are auxiliary tools oral apparatus. The fused front pair of limbs are chelicerae, an anchor with which the tick penetrates under the skin. Reverse protrusions and denticles on the chelicerae allow you to securely entrench yourself in top layer epidermis. Therefore, when a tick is pulled out of the bite, these limbs come off along with the head and remain under the skin.

Waiting for the victim

The tick climbs to the tops of blades of grass, or branches of a stunted shrub. His tactic is waiting. Having widely spaced the first pair of legs, the tick is ready to cling to the fur of a warm-blooded animal running past. The extreme segments of the walking limbs of the tick are equipped with two sharp claws, allowing it to cling to any unevenness. Methods that allow you to quickly cling to the victim limit the ability of bloodsuckers to move down in the vertical direction. Therefore, they always crawl up. This should be taken into account when choosing forest clothing.

Overalls - the main protective barrier against ticks

The forest uniform (encephalitis), which can reliably protect against a tick bite, is sewn from dense synthetic fabric. The claws of the animal cannot catch on the irregularities of the material and the gaps between the individual threads. The cuffs of the sleeves and trousers are pulled together with tight elastic bands that prevent the penetration of ticks. Overalls for the forest should have a minimum number of pockets, and they should be laid on, with wide external flaps equipped with tight fasteners. The presence of a hood and deaf mosquito net on it is a must.

How to wear casual clothes in the woods

Compliance with the rules of wearing ordinary clothes in the forest is a reliable prevention against tick bites.

Pants are tucked into socks. To increase the tightness of the elastic bands of socks, you can use ropes, laces and additional elastic bands.

The cuffs of the sleeves should be tightly buttoned, or tightened from the outside with elastic bands.

Jackets and shirts fasten with all buttons and are worn with the collar turned up.

Outerwear is tucked into pants, under the belt.

If there is no hood, then a scarf or bandana can be used as a headdress.

Chemical protection

Chemical anti-mite agents form an additional protective barrier. They are of auxiliary importance, and without a reliable forest suit they are ineffective.

Tick ​​repellents (repellants)

Usually in the composition of the means intended to combat ticks, includes diethyltoluamide. Preparations made on the basis of this substance are relatively harmless to humans and have a universal effect. The smell drives away all blood-sucking insects and arthropods. The product is applied to both clothing and skin. The effect lasts for several hours. Modern means tick prevention include additional components natural origin which increases their efficiency.

Popular repellents

Repellents have varying degrees of toxicity and negative impact. For adults, the following products are allowed to use:

Reftamid maximum.

"DEFI-Taiga".

“Off! Extreme".

"Deta-Vokko".

Gardex Extreme.

"Gall-RET".

"Medelis".

Children's preparations, which can also be used by pregnant women, contain fewer toxic substances, so their effectiveness is lower:

"Fthalar".

"Evital".

"Children's Medelix".

"OFF-childish".

"DEFI-taiga".

• "Maskitol-antiklesch".

Chemical weapons (acaricides)

As chemical weapons, capable of completely eliminating the bite of an encephalitic tick, and even killing it, acaricidal preparations are used. They are intended for processing forest clothing and are not applied to the skin. The active ingredients included in their composition, like alphacypermethrin , deprive arachnids of the mobility of the limbs. Ticks instantly react, and their exhausted bodies roll off clothes. For humans, the active ingredients are toxic, so there are restrictions on the use of the product on the clothes of pregnant women and children.

Effective acaricides

Examples of acaricides with a strong toxic effect are the following agents:

"Gardex-extreme". Available in the form of a spray.

"Maskitol-Spray".

"Aerosol tick-caput".

"Picnic Anti-Tick".

"Cifox".

"Reftamid taiga".

• "Pretix".

  "Tornado-anti-tick".

Universal chemical protection

Row modern drugs has universal properties - they repel all insects and arachnids, and also have a poisonous effect on them. Convenient packaging in the form of aerosol cans allows you to periodically and quickly apply the substance to clothing during a long stay in nature. Tents and areas of grass cover are being processed, where it is planned to set up a tourist camp for the night.

Means of insecticidal and repellent effects

The following trademarks belong to anti-tick preparations of double action on ticks:

"Iedilis-comfort".

"Tick-kaput".

"Mosquitol-spray".

Kra-rap.

"Extreme Gardex".

"Medilis-comfort".

Anti-mite preparations for the treatment of large areas.

To process the territory where people are supposed to stay, the following means are used:

• "Samarovka-insecticide".

  "Medilis-Ziper".

  "Akaritox".

  Bayteks 40% SP.

• "Akarifen".

  "Acarocide".

• "Cyperthrin".

Folk methods

Advantage folk recipes chemical control with ticks:

Absence of highly toxic substances.

The possibility of manufacturing from improvised means.

The effectiveness of anti-tick preparations prepared at home is significantly lower than factory-made pharmaceuticals. The compositions for spraying clothing and body, prepared on the basis of essential oils, have a real effect on ticks:

Eucalyptus oil.

Lavender oil.

Clove oil.

Geranium extract.

Jasmine extract.

Folk recipes against ticks

At home, with the help of essential oils, you can make anti-mite compounds for both application to the skin and clothing.

Recipe for a clothing treatment composition: essential oils are mixed with vinegar and water. For 30 ml. oils require 2 cups of vinegar and 1 cup of water. The components are mixed and the resulting product is sprayed onto clothing.

Recipe for a mixture for application to the skin: take 30 ml. essential oils and mix with 2 tablespoons sunflower oil and 1 scoop of aloe vera gel.

To prepare an anti-mite mixture based on essential oils, you can use any of the above plant extracts that is at hand. To repel ticks, clove oil has a good effect and essential oil geraniums.

The consequences of infection with tick-borne diseases

Diseases transmitted through a tick bite have serious differences in symptoms and the nature of the consequences. If you experience symptoms characteristic of an infection transmitted through a tick bite, you should immediately contact an infectious disease specialist. Delay will lead to severe forms of the disease, or death.

Tick-borne encephalitis

This is viral disease- inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, especially its cervical region. The infection spreads in the body through macrophages contained in the blood. The disease covers the cells of the brain tissue and causes inflammation. Symptoms:

The incubation period lasts 1-2 weeks.

Sudden onset of fever, nausea and headache. The attack lasts 4-7 days.

Temporary improvement in well-being, lasts up to 8 days

The attack of the disease is repeated. In severe cases, paralysis occurs.

The carrier of the virus is a tick from the Ixodes order.

The disease has bacterial nature and a variety of symptoms

The first symptoms are ring-shaped inflammation of the skin around the bite site.

Within 6 months after infection, damage to the brain, liver, blood vessels and joints occurs. The disease is accompanied by headache, inflammation of the lymph nodes, urination disorders and fever.

After six months, the disease, if left untreated, becomes chronic, accompanied by irreversible destruction of the joints and soft tissues of the internal organs.

Any tick-borne disease is deadly, requires long-term treatment and significant financial expenses for expensive medicines and recovery.

One of the main questions that arises in the summer during the holidays is what to do if a tick bites? Without a doubt, such an event can ruin the whole holiday. As you understand, a tick, even if it is not a carrier of the encephalitis virus, is a rather unpleasant creature.

The very fact of a tick bite is very unpleasant, and even more so, the procedure for removing it from the skin is unpleasant. Also, after the correct extraction of the tick, worries will not decrease, most likely, on the contrary.

After the bite, you will need to follow some hygienic and preventive procedures, after visiting the sanitary and epidemiological station, that is, the SES, and, best of all, also an infectious disease specialist (virologist).

Tick ​​bite

Unfortunately, if you did not notice the tick in time, most likely you hardly noticed its bite itself or you will notice it later, but it's too late. A tick bite is difficult to notice because the tick itself, when it bites, always releases a special liquid, and it acts on the body of its victim as a simple pain reliever and nothing else. And later, when the analgesic effect wears off, you experience pain in the area of ​​the bite. First of all, you need to remove the insect.

Removing a tick from the skin

There are several ways to extract a tick.

The second way. The initial part is similar to the first method, but after "lubrication" the insect is advised
remove with tweezers with a twisting motion. I think that this method should not be used. Due to the fact that you press the tweezers on the tick, you will get an almost 100 percent guarantee of infection with the virus as a result. Due to pressing, the tick will inject a huge dose of saliva into the victim, which will lead to infection.

Third way. Getting a tick with the help of the most ordinary thread. Between the body of the bloodsucker and the place in which he stuck, you need to throw a thread, then you need to make one or two turns around the tick. Just tighten the resulting loop around his neck a little. After the foregoing, you need to connect the ends of the thread and with two fingers gradually try to twist it. There is no need to rush, everything must be done slowly.

You should not pull the thread too hard and, moreover, twitch it sharply. This procedure takes only a couple of minutes and has become, according to most people, the safest of the above.

Actions after removing a tick from the skin

What to do after extracting a tick from the skin? First, you need to make an injection of high-quality tick-borne immunoglobulin. You can buy it in pharmacies, its price will start from 35 conventional units. To prick this injection is required in the ratio of one milligram to a kilogram of weight. This method quite expensive, although it cannot guarantee you full protection against the disease, it only reduces this likelihood.

Secondly, after you have pulled out the tick, never try to crush it with your nails or cut it with a knife that is used in everyday life. The bite site must be treated with brilliant green, iodine or alcohol. After that, you need to thoroughly wash your hands with soap.

Further, after removing the tick from the skin, immediately go to the sanitary and epidemiological station (SES) and take it for analysis. This procedure will take from one to several days. The time of the check will depend only on the laziness of the employees. But you will have the conclusion of a very qualified examination. If you are doing well, then we are very happy for you. If the tests are not normal, then, as soon as possible, contact an infectious disease specialist (virologist).

Symptoms of encephalitis

What are the symptoms of encephalitis? Do not forget that the incubation period of encephalitis is average. Its duration is from 2 to 4 weeks. Its main symptoms are body aches, fever and frequent headaches. Suddenly, you notice these symptoms behind you; you don’t need to postpone going to the clinic.

Encephalitis vaccinations

Some people think there are tick vaccinations, but there aren't. There are only vaccinations against encephalitis. If you want guarantees, then get vaccinated. Vaccination should protect you and give you stable immunity from tick bites with encephalitis for a very long period of time. In each case, the time of action is individual. This prevention takes place in several stages.

First vaccination done in the fall, or rather in October, and second spring, best in March. Then you can safely go out into nature. Third vaccination done in about one year, and other with a large interval as much as three years. The most important thing is vaccinations against encephalitis for children.

Remember, children can also get such vaccinations, but for this you should consult a doctor before vaccination. Prices range from 4 to 12 conventional units, they depend on the country that produced the vaccine. Age limit from 1 to 12 years old!

So, we figured out the question of what to do if you were bitten by a tick, described the procedure for extracting a tick from the skin and what to do after removing it. The symptoms of encephalitis will help you identify the disease at an early stage and take action in time.

Summer is a great time of the year, but other diseases can also lie in wait for you in the summer, for example, and, and much more. On our site you will read how to deal with these misfortunes. And good luck to you! We hope that all this will bypass you and will not spoil your summer vacation.

Tick-borne encephalitis (spring-summer type encephalitis, taiga encephalitis) is a viral infection that affects the central and peripheral nervous system. Severe complications acute infection may result in paralysis and death.

The main reservoir of tick-borne encephalitis virus in nature are its main carriers, ixodid ticks, whose habitat is located throughout the forest and forest-steppe temperate climate zone Eurasian continent.

About ticks

Taiga and European forest tick- giants in comparison with their "peaceful" counterparts, his body is covered with a powerful shell and equipped with four pairs of legs. In females, the integument of the rear part is able to greatly stretch, which allows them to absorb large quantities blood, hundreds of times more than a hungry tick weighs.

In the surrounding world, ticks are guided mainly by touch and smell; ticks do not have eyes. But the sense of smell of ticks is very acute: studies have shown that ticks are able to smell an animal or a person at a distance of about 10 meters.

Tick ​​habitats. Ticks transmitting encephalitis are distributed almost throughout the southern part of the Eurasian forest zone. Which places are most at risk for ticks?

Ticks are moisture-loving, and therefore their number is greatest in well-moistened places. Ticks prefer moderately shaded and humid deciduous and mixed forests with dense herbage and undergrowth. There are many ticks along the bottom of dens and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges, in thickets of willows along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are plentiful along forest edges and along grassy forest paths.

It is very important to know that ticks concentrate on forest paths and paths overgrown with grass along the roadsides. There are many times more of them here than in the surrounding forest. Studies have shown that ticks are attracted to the smell of animals and people who constantly use these paths when moving through the forest.

Some features of the placement and behavior of ticks have led to the widespread misconception in Siberia that ticks “jump” on a person from birch trees. Indeed, in birch forests, as a rule, there are a lot of ticks. A tick attached to clothes crawls up, and it is often found already on the head and shoulders. This creates the false impression that the pincers have fallen from above.

You should remember the characteristic landscapes, where in late April - early July the number of ticks is highest, and where the risk of infection with tick-borne encephalitis during this period is high: deciduous forests, forests littered with windbreak, ravines, river valleys, meadows.

Ticks lie in wait for their prey, sitting on the ends of blades of grass, blades of grass, sticks and twigs sticking up.

When a potential prey approaches, ticks assume an active waiting position: they extend their front legs and move them from side to side. On the front paws there are organs that perceive odors (Haller's organ). Thus, the tick determines the direction to the source of the smell and is made to attack the host.

Ticks are not particularly mobile: in their life they are able to overcome on their own no more than a dozen meters. A tick waiting for its prey climbs a blade of grass or a bush to a height of no more than half a meter and patiently waits for someone to pass by. If an animal or a person follows in the immediate vicinity of the tick, then its reaction will be instantaneous. Spreading his front paws, he frantically tries to grab his future owner. The paws are equipped with claws and suction cups, which allows the tick to hook securely. No wonder there is a saying: "clung like a tick."

With the help of hooks that are located at the very end of the front legs, the tick clings to everything that touches it. Ixodid ticks (European forest tick and taiga tick) never pounce and never fall (do not plan) on the victim from above from trees or tall bushes: ticks simply cling to their prey, which passes by and touches the blade of grass (stick) on which it sits mite.

Is it possible to prevent tick bites?

Before going out into nature, wear light-colored clothes (the ticks are better visible on it) with a long sleeve and a hood, tuck your pants into your socks. If you don't have a hood, put on a hat.

Use repellents.

Every 15 minutes inspect your clothes, periodically conduct a thorough check, paying attention Special attention on the neck, armpits, inguinal region, auricles - in these places the skin is especially delicate and thin and the tick most often sticks there.

If a tick is found, it should not be crushed, since through micro cracks on the hands one can become infected with encephalitis.

Tick ​​protection

All products sold, depending on the active substance, are divided into 3 groups.

Repellent - repels ticks.

Acaricidal - kill mites.

Insecticide-repellent - preparations of combined action, that is, killing and repelling ticks.

The first group includes products containing diethyltoluamide: Biban (Slovenia), DEFI-Taiga (Russia), Off! Extreme (Italy), Gall-RET (Russia), Gal-RET-cl (Russia), Deta-VOKKO (Russia), Reftamid Maximum (Russia). They are applied to clothes and open areas bodies in the form of circular stripes around the knees, ankles and chest. The tick avoids contact with the repellent and begins to crawl in the opposite direction. Protective properties clothes are stored for up to five days. Rain, wind, heat and sweat reduce the duration protective agent. Don't forget to reapply. The advantage of repellents is that they are also used to protect against midges, applying not only to clothing, but also to the skin. More dangerous drugs for ticks should not be applied to the skin.

To protect children, preparations with a reduced content of repellent have been developed - these are Ftalar and Efkalat creams, Pihtal and Evital colognes, Kamarant. For children from 3 years old, the use of Off-Children's and Biban-Gel creams is recommended.

The "lethal" group included: "Pretix", "Reftamid taiga", "Picnic-Antiklesh", "Gardex aerosol extreme" (Italy), "Tornado-Antiklesh", "Fumitoks-antiklesh", "Gardeks-antiklesh", " Permanon" (permethrin 0.55%). All preparations with the exception of Pretix are aerosols. They are used only for processing clothes. Things must be removed so that the product does not accidentally get on the skin. Then, after drying a little, you can put it back on.

"Pretix" is a pencil produced in Novosibirsk. They are drawn on their clothes with several encircling stripes before going into the forest. It is only necessary to monitor their safety, as the strips crumble rather quickly.

Acaricidal preparations with the poisonous substance alfamethrin have a nerve-paralytic effect on ticks. This manifests itself after 5 minutes - the insects become paralyzed, and they fall off the clothes.

It has been observed that before having a detrimental effect on ticks, preparations with the poisonous substance alphametrin increase the activity of ticks, and although this period is short, the risk of being bitten at this time increases, preparations with the active substance permethrin kill ticks faster.

The preparations of the third group combine the properties of the two above - they contain 2 active ingredients diethyltoluamide and alphametrin, due to which their effectiveness in correct application approaching 100 percent. These are Kra-rep aerosols (alfatsipermethrin 0.18%, diethyltoluamide 15%) (Kazan) and Mosquitol-antiklesch (Alfametrin 0.2%, diethyltoluamide 7%). (France).

Tsifox is used to treat the territory from ticks.

Laboratory tests have shown that with the correct use of repellent preparations, up to 95 percent of attached ticks are repelled. As most of ticks cling to trousers, they must be handled more carefully. Particular attention should be paid to clothing around the ankles, knees, hips, waist, as well as cuffs and collars. The method of application and consumption rates of all drugs should be indicated on the label.

AT recent times counterfeit chemical protection products have become more frequent, so try to buy them in outlets with a good reputation. When buying, ask to show a hygiene certificate. Imported drugs must be accompanied by a label in Russian.

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis

Clinically healthy people are allowed to be vaccinated after examination by a therapist. The therapist will also inform you about where vaccinations can be given.

You can only get vaccinated in institutions licensed for this type of activity. The introduction of a vaccine that has been stored incorrectly (without respect for the "cold chain") is useless and sometimes dangerous.

The following vaccines are used to prevent tick-borne encephalitis:

• Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine culture purified concentrated inactivated dry
• EnceVir (EnceVir)
• FSME-Immun Inject (FSME-Immun Inject)
• Encepur Adult and Encepur Child

What is the difference between vaccines?

Western European strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus, from which imported vaccines are prepared, and Eastern European strains used in domestic production, are similar in antigenic structure. The similarity in the structure of key antigens is 85%. In this regard, immunization with a vaccine prepared from a single viral strain creates strong immunity against infection with any tick-borne encephalitis virus. The effectiveness of foreign vaccines in Russia has been confirmed, including by studies using Russian diagnostic test systems.

Vaccination can actually protect about 95% of those vaccinated. However, it should be remembered that vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis does not exclude all other measures to prevent tick bites (repellents, proper equipment), since they carry not only tick-borne encephalitis, but also other infections (Lyme disease, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, tularemia, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, rickettsiosis, which cannot be protected by vaccination).

What to do if the tick bite did occur?

Initial consultation can always be obtained by calling 03.

To remove the tick, you will most likely be sent to the district SES or district emergency room.

If you do not have the opportunity to seek medical help. institution, then the tick will have to be removed independently.

When the tick is removed on its own, a strong thread is tied into a knot as close as possible to the proboscis of the tick, the tick is removed by pulling it up. Sharp movements are not allowed. If, when removing the tick, its head came off, which looks like a black dot, the suction site is wiped with cotton wool or a bandage moistened with alcohol, and then the head is removed with a sterile needle (previously calcined on fire). Just like removing a common splinter. Removal of the tick must be done with caution, without squeezing its body with your hands, since this may squeeze out the contents of the tick, along with pathogens, into the wound. It is important not to break the tick when removed - the remaining part in the skin can cause inflammation and suppuration. At the same time, it should be taken into account that when the tick head is torn off, the infection process can continue, since a significant concentration of the TBE virus is present in the salivary glands and ducts.

Some far-fetched recommendations about what to better removal it is recommended to apply ointment dressings to the sucked tick or use oil solutions. After removing the tick, the skin at the site of its suction is treated with tincture of iodine or alcohol. Bandaging is usually not required.

After removing the tick, save it for infestation testing, usually this can be done in an infectious disease hospital or a special laboratory. After removing the tick, place it in a small glass bottle with a tight lid and put a piece of cotton wool slightly moistened with water. Close the bottle with a cap and store it in the refrigerator. For microscopic diagnosis, the tick must be delivered to the laboratory alive. Suitable for PCR diagnostics even separate fragments tick. However, the latter method is not widely used even in large cities.

If your area is unfavorable for tick-borne encephalitis, contact the tick-borne encephalitis seroprophylaxis point without waiting for the results of the tick test. Emergency prophylaxis is carried out in the first 3 days (preferably 1 day) with immunoglobulin or iodantipyrin. For the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis in children under 14 years of age, immunoglobulin and Anaferon for children are used. In the southern regions of the Russian Federation, the tick can infect the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.

Discussion

Last summer we used the collar and spray, unfortunately we removed the ticks three times. In this we began to prepare in advance, in ourselves with a mustache we were shown clothes for dogs with anti-tick impregnation, so I think it will be better than our last year's protection or do we also need to supplement something?

A tick sucked on upper part hips. So, in no case should you pull it, you can pull it out, or you can tear off your head, then pick it. You need to drip oil, then with tweezers, or thread (we use tweezers), grab it as low as possible to the base of the bite and twist it counterclockwise, because. it spins clockwise. Highly reliable way. Only the tick then needs to be taken for analysis, we really washed it off in the sink in a panic, now we’re thinking “why” and what to do now suddenly it was contagious

09/10/2012 09:50:49, Elena841 04/15/2012 09:07:45, vichik

My son went camping with the class in May, so we class teacher ordered everyone to give the children a pack of children's anaferon with them. Just in case - if a tick clings. The Ministry of Health published a recommendation, it turns out, for emergency prevention of tick-borne encephalitis, immediately after a bite, drink anaferon to the child 3 times a day, and so on for 21 days, while the KE has an incubation period. I even saw an official article on the medical portal http://medportal.ru/mednovosti/corp/2-010/04/20/omsk/ I don’t know about anyone, but at our school the director is an energetic lady, she immediately informed everyone and told , all the classes who were going on hikes, everyone went anaferoned) They also gave a lecture on how to properly remove a tick, with tweezers, a thread ... It seems that encephalitis is not endemic in our country, although who knows ... They would poison them, or something, otherwise don't touch nature soon =/

05/27/2010 15:02:24, I. Voloshina

Thanks, very informative..!

Thanks for the timely and correct information.

The article is good. After reading such information, I called 03 to find out what to do with a tick brought in transit from the dacha, they sent me to Rospotrebnadzor, in Moscow, in Grafsky Lane, they examine ticks for encephalitis for a fee and Lyme disease costs 650 rubles.

Very competent and useful article. I just want to add why it is unacceptable to remove a tick with oil. The fact is that if this tick is a carrier of Lyme disease, then infection occurs when the contents of the intestine of the tick enter the blood (this is where borreliosis lives). From the oil, the tick suffocates and can simply vomit.

When pulling the tick by the thread, it is necessary to spread the threads to the sides in the plane of the tick (to the sides where the paws are) and gently sway from side to side, pulling out very slightly. After a minute or two, the tick will unhook. With this method, the removal of infection with borreliosis will not occur. Against CE, of course, this method does not work ...

Comment on the article "What to do if bitten by a tick"

Bitten by a tick. Tick ​​protection. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis. (in an ambulance and in three SESs) they said, relax - you don’t need to do it How to protect yourself from ticks and pull out a tick after a bite. While encephalitic did not meet. The year before last, a child was bitten by a tick in ...

Discussion

I even know what camp we are talking about - my daughter will go for the second time. There were no bitten people last shift, they didn’t seem to see ticks, but I doubt that anyone in principle thought about them. The places there are the most suitable for ticks - tall grass, a forest, a field .. Although, yes, it is believed that the area is not endemic for encephalitis. But my daughter was vaccinated last year, according to the emergency option - one, then in two weeks the next vaccination, now it will be the final one. In my youth I saw enough of field workers who had had encephalitis - thank you, no, if you can reduce the likelihood of the disease - I will use everything.

05/22/2018 02:52:42 PM, Sv11

The Kaluga region does not seem to be endemic for tick-borne encephalitis, and in the Moscow region there is a risk only in the northern regions. Reinsurance, IMHO.

Virgo, an urgent question - if a tick is thrown out after a bite, then what to do and where to run to the bitten one? And then yesterday this creature bit my au pair, and she somehow forgot about the joys of encephalitis and unscrewed the beast and threw it away

Discussion

In the middle of September?!! Are they totally crazy?!

My dad was bitten by a tick in the summer. The tick was thrown out, nothing bothered, but just in case, he donated blood at the district clinic and took it in a test tube to Alekseevskaya, Grafsky lane, 4/9. Borreliosis was found in the blood, but I don’t remember which IgG or IgM, the immunologist at the clinic prescribed antibiotics for a month

Section: Need advice (is it possible to use kipferon after vaccination against a tick bite). Tell me who came across a tick bite .. We arrived only from the dacha, the child went to the bath and found the tick, dad carefully removed it, he apparently only just sucked ..

Discussion

We had a tick! also removed just sucked! we were at the dacha, there were four days of holidays, the doctors were silent, the doctors we knew did not pick up the tube, we washed the wound with peroxide, smeared it with drapolene, gave the reba fenistil and prayed to all the gods. It's gone. This is not as advice, but to support :)

and FROM WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO THE VACCINE? There are no vaccinations against Borreliosis, and there is no encephalitis in Moscow and the region. Take the tick for analysis and then you will decide what to do.

The period of ticks begins. The parks are full of insects. Get your big dogs vaccinated. The vaccination is painful, but it is And our veterinarian dissuaded me from the vaccination. First, because a lot of side effects, secondly, if the dog was sick after the bite ...

Discussion

And my veterinarian dissuaded me from vaccination. First, because there are a lot of side effects, and secondly, if the dog was sick after a tick bite (as we had last spring), the vaccine is useless. Can you say something about this?

It is necessary to wash / comb the pet after each walk, the tick does not immediately stick, the day "walks in the clearing" and it is easy to find and catch if you feel the animal.

The vaccine is not made so small. Gammaglobulin (after a bite) is injected if the area is considered endemic for encephalitis. Immunoglobulin is administered after a tick bite, no matter why in advance. If the tick has stuck, it must be removed and together with the child ...

Discussion

Calm down, the tick will be analyzed, if it turns out that it is infected, the child will be given anti-encephalitis gamma globulin. Then count 30 days from the time of the bite, and if nothing happens in 30 days, relax and forget. If during this time the temperature rises, go to the ambulance. Just always shake out the clothes after the forest (turn inside out and check the seams), and comb out the hair.

02.08.2005 23:11:36, bitten twice

What should I do if bitten by a tick. About ticks. Is it possible to prevent tick bites? I diligently fed them rimantadine. What should I do if bitten by a tick. Protection against ticks, what to do after a bite. Let me know if anyone has experienced a tick bite.

Discussion

And I was refused. They answered that at least after a year. Those are the common border... :)

I don’t know where exactly in Russia they do this - we have a three-time vaccination (autumn-spring-spring) for the first time and revaccination depending on the level of antibodies. but not less than once every 5 years, there are no others. I don't give children. Yes, and accustomed to ticks, they do not scare us so terribly.

The head of the tick is covered with a black chitinous shell, and the body Brown round shape.

What should I do if bitten by a tick

If, nevertheless, you tore off the torso from the head of the tick, do not panic, you can pull it out with a regular needle, as is done when a splinter gets into your finger.

• Tick-borne borreliosis or Lyme disease;
• Tick-borne encephalitis;
• tick-borne typhus;
• hemorrhagic fever;
• Erlichiosis.

How to protect yourself from ticks

These preparations are on sale in many large supermarkets and in specialized shops.

Popular tick repellants:

• Biban;
• Off! Extreme;
• Defi-Taiga;
• Raftamide maximum;
• Data-VOKKO;
• Medilis from mosquitoes.

For kids:

• Biban gel;
• Camarant;
• Evital;
• Off-children.

Popular drugs with acaricidal action:

• Reftamid taiga;
• Gardex anti-tick;
• Tornado-anti-tick;
• Pretix;

Popular means of this group:

• Tick-kaput;
• Mosquitol-Spray;
• Gardex extreme.

People who, by their profession or for other reasons, long time carried out in the habitats of ticks, vaccinated against common diseases. These professions include foresters, surveyors, geologists and others. Even children older than one year old can be vaccinated, but many vaccines are designed for older children.

Diseases carried by ticks

Ticks can cause various diseases by transferring infected blood from one animal to another, some diseases can be transmitted to humans, so let's look at the most common diseases when a tick becomes their cause.

Tick-borne borreliosis or Lyme disease

An infectious disease transmitted by ticks can become chronic, and relapses are often observed. Lyme disease affects the nervous system, heart, and musculoskeletal system.

The causative agents of the disease are spirochetes of the genus Borrelia. This disease is found throughout the world, except in very cold regions where ticks do not live.

When a tick bites its prey, it injects saliva into the skin, through which the infection enters the victim's body, after which it multiplies for several days and begins to infect internal organs(joints, heart, nervous system, etc.). The infection can persist for years in the human body and cause chronic illness with relapses. The incubation period of the virus lasts up to a month, during this period there may be no symptoms.

Signs of the disease are redness on the skin at the site of a tick bite, it turns red and increases in diameter, after which cyanosis appears in the middle, and its rim becomes embossed. After 2-3 weeks, the stain disappears even without treatment, and 1.5 months after the disease, symptoms of damage appear. nervous system, heart and joints.

Treatment takes place in a hospital under the supervision of doctors; various immunostimulating and anti-infective drugs are used for treatment.

Tick-borne encephalitis

The cause of this disease is often ixodid ticks living in forests and steppes. Also, tick-borne encephalitis can be contracted from goat and cow's milk.

2-3 weeks after infection, the virus infects the gray matter in the brain, neurons in the spinal cord. The patient may experience convulsions, decreased skin sensitivity, paralysis of individual muscles. When the virus enters the brain, the following symptoms appear: headache, vomiting, loss of consciousness. If the disease continues to progress, disorders in the cardiovascular system appear.

In the early stages of the disease, immunoglobulin is used, which contains cells that destroy the infection; in advanced stages, anti-infective drugs are used.

Tick-borne typhus (typhus)

Infectious disease caused by tick bites is a relatively mild disease that affects the lymph nodes and causes a skin rash. The first symptoms of the disease may appear only after 3-7 days after the bite.

The symptoms of the disease are fever 39 and more, headaches and muscle pains, skin rash, small papules, swollen lymph nodes, sleep disturbance and other symptoms associated with damage to the nervous system.

Antibiotics of the tetracycline group are used to treat the disease.

Ticks can stick to the skin of a person of any age: be it a child or an adult. All they need is fresh blood. Why do they need her? It's simple: for reproduction, and therefore these insects, no matter how strange it may sound, adore people. If we talk about what first of all needs to be done at home, if you find that you or your relatives have been bitten by a tick, it is that the insect should be removed by unscrewing or in circular motions.

If the tick did not have time to stick, but bit?

It's interesting that this is quite possible. This is exactly what the males do. After all, it is they who do not need much blood, in comparison with females. But it is more difficult to detect on the body. For example, a female, having saturated with blood, increases many times and becomes the size of the phalanx of the little finger.

What to do when a tick has bitten, but not stuck:

1. We treat the bite site (suction) of the tick with an antiseptic, which is iodine, brilliant green, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol or Chlorhexidine.
2. Be sure to wash all the clothes that were on you at the time of the bite.
3. It is useful to spend in the house general cleaning so that your household is not bitten by a tick, which, most likely, is in search of a new victim.
4. Be sure to monitor your condition for a month. If for no reason, the temperature began to rise, regional nodes increased, and the bite site became inflamed, be sure to consult a doctor. He can refer you to tests for tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis. There is nothing terrible about the last two. Even if there are any in the blood, you will be prescribed preventive medication, the main task of which is to save you from an infectious disease.

What to do and what are the symptoms if a tick has bitten and stuck?

Ticks can stick to the inguinal region of a person, stomach, lower back, neck, chest. To the armpits, as well as to the ear area. The bitten place has reddening of a round shape.

It would seem that you have done everything, but it seems that the head of the tick has come off and a black dot is visible at the site of the bite? To get rid of it, we treat the affected area of ​​the skin with alcohol, remove the head with a sterile needle in the same way as we would get rid of a splinter under the skin. Succeeded? Then carefully treat the wound with antiseptics. Wash hands with disinfectant. And we burn the tick itself or drown it in boiling water - this is how you can be completely sure that you got rid of the pest.

What to drink and take if bitten by a tick?

Remember that on your own, without a doctor's prescription, you should not take any medications. After all, their purpose depends on the results of the tests and individual intolerance to the components of the drugs. If we talk about the main therapy, it should be mentioned that antibiotics are usually prescribed (children under 12 are contraindicated), as well as antiallergic drugs. As a prophylaxis for borreliosis, doxycycline is prescribed (an antibiotic contraindicated in babies and pregnant women).