Can I drink alcohol after a tick bite? Signs of infection with tick-borne encephalitis

Rospotrebnadzor estimated that since March 15, more than 10,000 Russians have turned to doctors because of tick bites. At the same time, this figure is 1.3 times less compared to the same period last year. Tips on how to protect yourself from ticks, Elena Dushina, head of the Immunoprophylaxis Center of the New Hospital, shared with a FederalPress correspondent:

“First of all, you need to be vaccinated against ticks. Vaccination is the most effective protection against tick-borne encephalitis. Also, a person must be appropriately dressed in nature. It should be clothing that does not let ticks in: trousers tucked into boots, cuffs, hoods. It is better to dress in light colors so that ticks are more visible. For those who regularly work in the forest zone, there are even special suits that protect against tick attacks. It is also advisable to use repellents. They are effective, but cannot protect 100%. But to scare away ticks with the smells of garlic or alcohol, as some citizens believe, I would not recommend. Many patients turn to us just after such attempts to protect themselves.

Ticks have absolutely no commitment to any particular plants. As a rule, they do not rise above a meter and a half. Basically, they are at grass level. But, as you know, ticks can attack not only in nature, but also indoors. People and domestic animals bring them there on their clothes. Naturally, such ticks can also bite a person.

Ticks carry not only tick-borne encephalitis, but also other infections, in particular, Lyme borreliosis, which is even more common. Ehrlichiosis, babesiosis and other diseases can occur. Therefore, it is impossible to say that a non-encephalitic tick is harmless. Other types of microorganisms can also be found in mites.

If you look at the periods of past years, then there are few attacks now. But that has nothing to do with what happened. fewer mites. It's cold now, and their activity depends on the weather. While the ticks are inactive, but as soon as it becomes warm, the number of bitten ones will increase.”

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The tick-borne encephalitis virus has become more dangerous: the old disease causes new symptoms. last years Ticks in the Sovetsky District are showing excessive activity, the people are to blame. Deputy Chairman of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Academician Valentin Vlasov told a journalist about this today. The fact is, scientists explain that ticks on different stages their development live on different animals. But the most actively endure ticks are small rodents. There have been more rodents in recent years. Man is to blame for this: horticultural societies have huge garbage dumps, forests, especially along the road to the beach of the Ob Sea, are polluted. “Our forest is a big dump,” Valentin Vlasov emphasized. But the growth of the tick population is not so bad. Viruses are constantly evolving, including tick-borne encephalitis. As an employee of the institute, a candidate who was present at the press conference, said biological sciences Sergey Tkachev: “Over the past years, new variants of the tick-borne encephalitis virus have appeared in our region, which caused unusual symptoms. There were cases when patients died, for example, from hemorrhagic syndrome.” However, tick-borne encephalitis is not the only problem posed by the mass reproduction of these arthropods. From ticks, you can catch other diseases, of which the most dangerous is tick-borne borreliosis known as Lyme disease. Academician Vlasov drew the attention of journalists to the fact that most residents confuse vaccination with immunoglobulin injections, which are done after a tick bite. The difference is big: immunoglobulin may not help victims of the tick, at least there have been deaths after the injection. Vaccination has a good protective effect on long time(for 3-5 years). For this reason, in Austria, also suffering from ticks, the entire population is vaccinated. As for the widely spread version that taking a large dose of alcoholic beverages cures tick-borne encephalitis, it has not received confirmation. But on the other hand, Academician Vlasov admitted that the use of vodka and other alcoholic beverages will reduce the likelihood of a bite, because. ticks don't like the smell of alcohol. However, this should not be taken as a call to an unhealthy lifestyle. For those who have not bothered to get vaccinated on time, doctors advise taking special precautions when traveling outside the countryside. Check yourself and your companions every hour for ticks. Clothing should be closed, if possible, it should be treated with Antimol, which contains synthetic pyrethrin. Ticks, having got on the fabric treated with this substance, die.

The main peak of tick activity will come in June-July. On the this moment specialists processed urban forest parks, cemeteries, recreational areas. However, the "main blow" will still fall on the forests, summer cottages and outdoor recreation areas.

The AiF-Prikamye correspondent, together with epidemiologists from the regional Rospotrebnadzor, debunked five well-known myths about ticks that are firmly planted in the minds of citizens.

Myth #1. Ticks can be removed from the skin with folk remedies

Use various "safe" items to remove the tick from the body, such as a syringe or sunflower oil experts categorically do not advise. Such actions can only aggravate the situation.

How to remove a tick from the body. Photo: AiF

“The oil clogs the respiratory openings, thus the tick can die and remain in the skin,” experts say.

According to them, first aid for a tick bite can be divided into several simple steps. First you need to take a regular thread, tie a knot as close as possible to the proboscis of the arachnid and try to grab it by pulling it up.

If the skin remains black dot- head or proboscis - then you should treat the bite site with alcohol or iodine, only then remove it with a needle (previously heated on fire).

In conclusion, you need to disinfect the wound, wash your hands thoroughly and consult a doctor. Ticks can be stored in a glass bottle in the refrigerator for up to two days.

Myth #2. Ticks jump on their prey

No, ticks cannot jump from trees. In general, they do not rise above one and a half meters above the ground. Most often they live in blades of grass along paths and paths where animals and people walk, waiting for their prey. The most popular places for ticks are glades, forests, parks, squares, cemeteries, recreation areas, and so on.

To protect themselves, epidemiologists advise wearing special clothing: a jacket or shirt with long sleeves, with a tightly buttoned collar and cuffs; a hat and high closed shoes, into which pants can be tucked. It is also necessary to use repellents and inspect yourself when you come home.

Myth #3. Tick-borne encephalitis can only be contracted from the ticks themselves.

Of particular danger during the period of tick-borne activity is wild and domestic animals bitten by bloodsuckers. Cows and goats are also affected. Therefore, experts do not recommend drinking raw milk - it may contain a virus. The danger is quite easy to avoid - just boil the raw milk.

In addition to encephalitis and borreliosis, ticks, depending on the species, carry a huge number of diseases. Photo: AiF / Eduard Kudryavitsky

Myth number 4. All ticks are disease carriers!

There is some truth in this myth. In addition to encephalitis and borreliosis, ticks, depending on the species, carry a huge number of diseases: various fevers, typhoid, infections. However, the main factor is the location of dangerous creatures. For example, the most aggressive ticks in Siberia and Far East- up to 80% of those bitten die there. And Europe is in a safe zone.

It should be noted that only two types of ixodid ticks carry dangerous human diseases - taiga and European forest. But even in these species, not all individuals are infected (with a bite, the risk of infection is quite low).

Myth number 5. Ticks don't bite drunk people

A common misconception among hunters and mushroom pickers that the smell of alcohol repels ticks has not been confirmed.

This is due to the fact that no research on this topic has been conducted.

But do not trust misconceptions, experts say. A person in a state of intoxication may simply not notice a tick bite and discover it only after a few days, which is certainly dangerous.

March-April of this year medical care 2,294 people applied for tick bites, while in 2015 - 1,157. Such figures are given by the Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health. Most cases were recorded in the Brest and Grodno regions, as well as in Minsk.

To become "victims" of ixodid ticks, many lovers of walking along forest paths, going on a picnic, summer residents are afraid. But in recent years, bloodsuckers have actively mastered the urban space. So, recently the epidemiological service updated the map of their habitat in the capital. Ticks can be found in the parks of Friendship of Peoples and Hugo Chavez, in the landscaped area within the boundaries of Pritytsky-Nemanskaya streets, forests in Drazhna, Stepyanka, Slepyanka, etc.

The desire of people to protect themselves by any means, as well as the fear of being bitten by a tick, gives rise to various myths. Do I need to eat garlic before going to the forest and will anti-mite drops for dogs help a person? The head of the anti-epidemic department of the Republican Center for Health and Human Resources Dmitry Golotik helped the correspondent of the site to figure out what is true and what is fiction.

Myth 1. There are people whom ticks do not bite.

Ticks are attracted to warm-blooded organisms in general, be they animals or humans. But often they have to wait for their "owner" for a whole year or more, in order to then move to another stage of development (for example, from a larva to a nymph, from a nymph to an adult) or to give offspring. To remain hungry means to die. Therefore, ticks attack people regardless of age, gender, nationality and other characteristics. Ticks do not bite those people who are aware of the danger and when visiting places with a high risk of meeting with them simple rules precautions. In particular, when going to the forest, they use light-colored clothes with cuffs that cover the body as much as possible, fill clothes according to the “bottom-up” principle, use protective equipment and repellents of industrial production, conduct self- and mutual examinations every 1-2 hours.

Myth 2. ixodid tick, infected with encephalitis, can only bite a person once

Actually it is not. The tick cannot feel that its potential victim has already had encephalitis. However, in the body of a person who has had this infectious disease, strong immunity is developed, i.e. virus-neutralizing antibodies appear in his blood. A similar result is in the vaccination of tick-borne encephalitis. Since 2015, appropriate vaccinations in Belarus have been made not only for adults, but also.

However, encephalitis is not the only disease carried by ticks. The causative agent of Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) also enters the human body after the bite of a bloodsucker. Moreover, this happens much more often: according to statistics, in 2015, 1,169 cases of infection with Lyme borreliosis were recorded in the republic, and only 75 - tick-borne encephalitis.

Myth 3. The smell of alcohol repels ticks.

It doesn't attract ticks, but it doesn't repel them either. There are no official scientific research what flavors they like or vice versa. The only smell that matters to them is the smell of a living being.

Moreover, the concentration of alcohol in the blood of the "owner" does not play a role for the tick. Even if a person is very drunk, nothing will happen to the tick. The only problem is that people who drink alcohol have little control over their actions and often do not care enough about safety. This makes it easier for the tick to crawl in and bite.

Myth 4. If you eat a clove of garlic before going to the forest, then you can not be afraid of ticks.

There is no scientific confirmation. Indeed, some people have their own ways to protect themselves from tick bites: some eat garlic, others apply homemade oils to the body. Perhaps this helps someone. But for complete protection, it is better to use special means, industrial production based on various chemical compounds. They not only scare away the tick, but also kill it. The range of these products today is wide - they are available in the form of ointments, sprays, lotions. Separately, there is a children's series. Anti-mite agents can be applied to clothing (they last up to 20 days) or to individual parts of the body. It is not worth pouring the whole bottle on yourself. Enough to anoint open areas bodies - wrists, neck, etc.

Myth 5. Drops that protect pets from ticks are effective for humans too.

Such drops are classified as systemic insecticides. Active substances enter through the skin into the blood of the animal, which is why the tick that has stuck into it dies. As a rule, drops are used to prevent piroplasmosis in pets. This disease is not dangerous for a person.

It should be noted that such drugs belong to the group of veterinary drugs, do not pass the necessary clinical trials and it is not safe for people to use them. After all, not everything that is suitable for animals is suitable for humans.

Myth 6. If you plant some types of plants on your site (for example, sage, mint, lavender), then there will be no ticks on it

To some extent, the effect can be achieved, but you should not expect a 100% result. It must be understood that ticks do not move as actively as ants or mosquitoes. They go through the stages of their development at the place where they fell off the previous "owner". They are waiting for something new. The main thing is that this area should have shrubs, forbs, shade and humidity. If you grow lavender or sage on the site, then the tick that got there will not go anywhere. Maximum - move a couple of meters across the territory. But it is advisable to plant such plants at least in order to strong aroma interfered with the bloodsucker to navigate, to smell people.

Myth 7. A tick can bite even in an apartment.

Yes, such cases are registered. For example, you picked flowers and herbs in the forest, made a bouquet and brought it home. And at the same time - a tick. Due to its very small size, it is difficult to see among the petals or leaves. In order for a tick to get on a person, it is enough just to come up to smell the bouquet or touch it. All other options (in particular, that a tick can crawl into a bed and bite a sleeping person) are excluded.

Myth 8. Since ticks have settled even in city parks, now you can’t walk there

The main thing is to know where to walk. With the population of ticks, which settles in city parks, as well as near sanatoriums, children's health camps, special services are fighting. Firstly, in such places it is necessary to remove dry branches and debris. Secondly, timely mow the grass at the level of several centimeters, because the tick usually attacks from a height of 30 cm to 1 meter. If in some place the grass has not yet been mowed, then you do not need to sit or lie there - you can easily pick up a bloodsucker. Parks and other places common use where there is a possibility of mass cases of tick bites, at the request of operating organizations or private owners, they are processed by employees of preventive disinfection departments of territorial centers of hygiene and epidemiology, in separate major cities- specialized "Centers for preventive disinfection". True, the result of such events is stored for a certain time and periodically they need to be repeated.

Immunoglobulin helps to maintain the protective function of the body in conditions of primary immunodeficiency, so such a drug is prescribed for severe infectious diseases to help the immune system fight a serious illness, in particular, immunoglobulin is used for tick-borne encephalitis. Such a drug is used in cases where, without the protection of a person’s immunity, it simply may not survive or become disabled.

Nevertheless, even in such conditions, there are those who want to "take on the chest." But is it possible to drink alcohol after an injection of immunoglobulin, and what consequences can this cause?

The combined use of such a drug and alcohol can seriously aggravate a person's condition - in severe cases, there is a possibility of death. The reason why immunoglobulin and alcohol are incompatible lies in ethanol. The decay products of ethanol not only negatively affect the organs, but also destroy the immune system, which is always low in people who drink - alcohol inhibits the liver, central nervous system and endocrine glands, so that the production of antibodies is reduced. Do not forget about intoxication with alcohol decay products, which disrupts the functioning of the body, destroys liver and brain cells and, in general, aggravates the physical condition of the body, which is already affected by a severe infection.

As for the effect of alcohol on immunoglobulin, it exacerbates side effects, which usually appear only in the case of an incorrect rate of administration of the drug into the vein. In general, the effects of alcohol intake after immunoglobulin may be unexpected and not predictable. But there is no doubt that the drug has no compatibility with alcohol. Repeatedly, patients after an injection of immunoglobulin died after drinking alcohol.

Let the contraindications to taking the drug do not include the presence of alcohol in the blood, but if a person is intoxicated and needs to inject immunoglobulin, for example, after a tick bite, then the injection is postponed until the alcohol is completely utilized by the body.

So when can you drink alcohol after such treatment? As for the intake of alcohol after treatment, doctors recommend abstaining for a month. This period is due to the peculiarities of the action of the drug itself. If for some reason this is not possible, then you should wait at least 7 days.

If you do not adhere to the above terms, then the following unpleasant consequences are quite likely:

• Severe headaches;
• drop in blood pressure;
• A drop in immunity can cause an exacerbation of chronic or previously transferred diseases.
• If a patient undergoing therapy with this drug takes alcohol, then antihistamines are prescribed to prevent an allergic reaction - they are also incompatible with alcohol;
• Coma;
• Fatal outcome.

Alcohol causes a decrease in the effectiveness of the drug, so that such a patient has every chance of dying due to infection against the background of a decrease in immunity. Alcohol neutralizes the beneficial effect of immunoglobulin, so that the treatment becomes ineffective - pathogens actively multiply without encountering effective resistance of the body, which ultimately leads to its death.

The use of immunoglobulin with a tick bite is a necessary measure that does not allow a person to become infected with a severe infection - tick-borne encephalitis. But many get a tick bite while being in nature and drinking alcohol. What to do in such a situation, is it possible to combine the drug and alcohol?

Anti-tick immunoglobulin is a concentrated solution of purified immunoglobulin fraction. These substances are extracted by the alcohol method from blood serum or plasma. For the manufacture of the drug, donor blood is used, in which there are antibodies to the tick-borne encephalitis virus. To do this, a person must either have been ill with this pathology, or be vaccinated against encephalitis.

How does immunoglobulin affect the body? After administration, the drug helps to neutralize the virus that entered the body after a tick bite, since the immunoglobulin already has ready-made antibodies. Also, the drug enhances the nonspecific resistance of the body, thereby preventing a serious disease from developing.

Specific indications for the use of the drug:

• Multiple tick bites.
• Suction of a tick to the skin of an unvaccinated person, if it is not possible to perform a special analysis of the insect.
• Bite 1-1.5 months after infection.

The dose of the drug is calculated based on the weight of the person - 0.1 mg. per kilogram of weight. It is forbidden to administer the drug to those who have already had severe reactions to the use of blood products. If there are any allergic diseases immunoglobulin is administered simultaneously with the intake of antihistamines.

Drinking alcohol after an injection of such a serious drug as immunoglobulin from tick-borne encephalitis will not occur to everyone. Nevertheless, such situations are quite possible, and it is worth studying in more detail what exactly will happen in the body with such a combination.

In the composition of alcohol, and all its types, there is ethanol. This substance destroys all the defense mechanisms that previously worked in the body. The immunity of those who drink alcohol often is greatly weakened, as is the work of the endocrine organs, liver, and central nervous system. While drinking alcohol, the liver begins to work hard on the processing and disposal of ethanol. There are toxins in the body, because alcohol intoxication develops in it.

If at this moment an agent is introduced into the bloodstream that causes a "surge" in the activity of the immune system and requires an adequate response of all organs and systems, it is easy to imagine that the reaction can be unpredictable. In people who abuse alcohol, the proper response of the immune system may not follow at all, or this response will be directed against their own body - in the form of autoimmune reactions. The same developmental variant is often observed in those who already have allergic diseases - asthma, atopic dermatitis.

Doctors note that the risk for a person with the joint intake of alcohol and with the introduction of immunoglobulin is very high. These substances can be safely called antagonists, so you should prepare for serious and unpredictable consequences. Immunoglobulin itself is often poorly tolerated by the body, and with a "libation" the risk of developing side effects increases several times.

The following reactions are possible:

• Severe headaches;
• pressure drop;
• Severe local reactions;
• Increase in body temperature;
• Various allergic reactions - rash, urticaria.

In severe cases, Quincke's edema occurs and anaphylactic shock, cases of death were recorded when combining immunoglobulin and alcohol.

Immunoglobulin is injected into the muscle to prevent tick-borne encephalitis once. Therefore, experts note that immediately after the injection, you can not drink alcohol for at least 7 days (ideally, for a month, because that is how long the protection from the drug lasts). If a month later a second injection was carried out after a new bite, then the same rules apply.

Based on the information provided, we can conclude that immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis is ambiguously perceived by the body, since it directly affects the immune system. It has side effects that are quite common. If you take alcohol during therapy, this will aggravate the manifestations of "side effects", and may cause fatal outcome. Therefore, the joint intake of alcohol and immunoglobulin is strictly prohibited!

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encephalitis mites

If a tick is a virus carrier, then a person becomes sick with a tick encephalitis

Encephalitis is a serious disease carried by the most dangerous view ticks - ixodid. If the virus does not penetrate the brain, then the disease is cured completely. Otherwise, the consequences of encephalitis are violations of the functioning of the central nervous system(mental disorders, paralysis, in the most severe cases - death).

Most effective way protection against encephalitis is vaccination. The vaccine is a dead virus in which the antigenic structure is preserved. When such a virus enters the bloodstream, the human immune system learns to deal with the antigens of the virus, to recognize them. In the process, the body produces its own antibodies to the virus.

The question often arises: is it possible to drink alcohol after vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis? Experts say: the reactions of human organisms to the combination of alcohol and vaccinations can be different and depend largely on individual characteristics.

The effect of alcohol on the human body is well known. Drinking alcohol weakens the immune defense, so it is more difficult for the body to cope with the virus contained in the vaccine.

Vaccination can have complications:

• General - in the form of weakness, headache, sleep disturbance, appetite, rash, fever.
• Local - in the form of a reaction on the skin at the injection site (swelling, induration, redness, pain, an increase in the size of nearby lymph nodes). Contraindications To avoid negative consequences, it is better to avoid the combination of a tick inoculation and alcohol, especially in large doses. A large amount of alcohol has a significant impact on the state of immunity. In small, moderate doses, alcohol is unlikely to cause serious Negative influence on the body of a vaccinated person. But it is worth remembering that it is difficult to predict the individual reaction of a recently vaccinated organism to alcohol.
• Vaccination against encephalitis, like other types of vaccination, has contraindications. These are, first of all, diseases of the heart and liver. In people who abuse alcohol, the condition of these organs worsens in the first place. Therefore, before deciding on vaccination, you need to examine the heart and liver.
• When used a large number strong alcohol vaccination is more likely to cause side effects, as the body is weakened by alcohol.

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May, warmth, nature... These are the three components of a great vacation, which people tired of winter are so eager for. En masse they go on a picnic to relax, eat a delicious kebab, go fishing and celebrate the May holidays to the state of "under the closet". One darkens - attack encephalitis mites, which reaches its peak in May and June.

Grab the sucked tick with your fingers (wrap them in gauze) or tweezers and gently, slowly remove it from the skin.

If a tick is a virus carrier, then a person becomes sick with a tick encephalitis that strikes central nervous system. encephalitic disease is different dates offensive, starting from 1 day and ending with 3 months. This period is called latent, and during its course, temperatures above 37 degrees, drowsiness, weakness, and loss of appetite are possible.

At the end of the latent period, the state of health deteriorates sharply: febrile conditions, convulsions, pain in muscle tissues. This is how tick-borne encephalitis begins. On the second or third day after its onset, CNS disorders appear; possible paralysis of muscles, breathing and, unfortunately, death. A patient with encephalitis is not dangerous to others, that is, he is not a source of infection.

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