Types of door lock design. Door lock with handle and latch: device options and operating principle

Providing doors with reliable locking mechanisms is a top priority in private homes, office premises and apartments. The most common solution to accomplish this task is metal lock, the mortise mechanism of which allows you to hide the device in the door niche, while maintaining high level reliability and safety of a residential or commercial property.

Device and design features

The main difference between a mortise lock is that the mechanism is installed directly into the door recess, and this can be entrance cloth, and interior. The locking system consists of two sets of elements - the first consists of external parts, and the second - internal ones. If you look at an assembled lock for a mortise door, you will find a spindle, the outer part of the key, pressing the lining and the handle. Internal organization The castle is formed by the following components:

• bolt with lever;
• body components;
• latch with lever;
• springs;
• rod handles (rotary);
• rotary plate;
• lever for holding;
• elements of the return system.

Almost all elements are made from metal, although latest versions(mostly experimental) composite parts are already used. One way or another, a metal mortise lock still remains the most common and reliable security device designed for doors. Despite the established standards for the execution of mortise locks, there are several types of design. The most popular ones include cylinder and lever ones.

Cylinder lock

Such mechanisms use a cylindrical tunnel intended for a key. During attempts to activate the lock, the pins together with the spring resist manipulation with the “wrong” key. If the appropriate key is used, all pins will be raised and the locking system will rotate the cylinder. On the market, cylinder-type mortise locks are presented in different variations for any door - the devices are combined with door leaves both in terms of technical parameters and aesthetics, which allows them to be used when equipping interior room doors.

Level castle

Models of this family have less complex design compared to cylinder analogues. The operating features of the device are determined by the lever system, which ensures the secrecy of the mechanism. These elements form a groove along which the shank rack moves. If used suitable key, then the crossbar plate opens access. Depending on the version, a lever mortise lock may have several security elements. Accordingly, the time required for hacking will depend on the number of levers. This does not mean that a 10-element model will necessarily be of better quality than a device with 6 levers, but it will make the attacker’s work more difficult.

Lock quality indicators

The general level of modern mortise locks is high enough to protect against an ordinary intruder; however, it is better to play it safe and immediately provide the door with the highest quality mechanism. So, what is taken into account when choosing? There are four main criteria for choosing a locking system, including:

• Secrecy. This indicator is rather theoretical, but it is expressed in specific numbers - the number of combinations (secrets). For example, a lever mortise lock can have a security of 100 and 100,000 units. In the first case, it belongs to the first category of secrecy, and in the second - to the fourth.
• Openability. This is the resistance of the locking mechanism to opening. For example, cylinder models are more resistant to manipulation, while lever models are more resistant to force.
• Performance. This characteristic indicates the working life of the lock, the degree of its wear, reliability and durability.
• Replaceability. A lock breaking can cause a lot of problems, which is why specialized companies even offer separate services for dismantling the mechanism. But there are also models (usually cylinder) that are easy to remove with your own hands using a screwdriver.

Installation

Inserting a lock into a door that was previously equipped with a similar device is not difficult. It is enough to unscrew the fasteners of the old mechanism and install the new one, having first compared its dimensions with the opening. If the mortise lock mechanism is integrated into new door, then you will have to use a special tool to adjust the opening.

Using a grinder, you need to cut out a niche along the edges intended for the lock body. Next, you can file the sides of the formed opening or expand the niche if the device does not fit into it. Then you need to mark the place for the larva. In accordance with its parameters, a place for a secret is also drilled on both sides of the canvas.

To check the accuracy of the dimensions of the created recess for the lock, you need to reinsert the housing into the appropriate place, secure it with hardware and install the cylinder. If everything is fine, you can start testing the movement of the crossbars with a key - this is how opening and closing are checked. Also, a mortise lock can be supplemented with various auxiliary security systems, including a chain, closers, overhead locking systems, etc. In some cases, it is advisable to combine several mortise mechanisms for greater reliability.

Conclusion

Mechanical locking systems are gradually giving way to electronic analogues, and in this sense, classic mortise devices are the most competitive. Thanks to its simple design, high reliability and relatively affordable price Mortise locks are consistently in demand when equipping the doors of private houses, apartments, and commercial premises. The versatility of its purpose and flexibility in installation allow it to be integrated into metal and wooden doors, taking into account both security requirements and the decorative preferences of the owners. The variety of models is wide enough so that everyone can choose optimal model lock - by the way, along with cylinder and lever mechanisms, there are other versions of mechanisms, but they are less popular.

To ensure that the door closes securely and no one can enter the room, a door lock is installed, a device specifically designed for closing doors. Entrance and sometimes interior doors are equipped with locks. Manufacturing is carried out according to the functional purpose various systems door locks.

Mortise device diagram door lock.

Some features of locks

According to the fastening used, locks can be divided into two types:

• invoices;
• mortise

Do-it-yourself installation of overhead locks is done on the inner half of the door. Mortise locks are installed directly into the thickness of the door leaf.

The main parts of each castle are:

• execution system;
• secret.

The device that identifies the key is called a secret. It can be of two types:

• electronic;
• mechanical.

Castles are also classified into several different groups. It all depends on the secret used. Several different types are known:

• levelers;
• cylinder;
• disk;
• coded.

Each lock has an individual mechanism. It, in turn, is divided into:

• mechanical;
• electromagnetic;
• electromechanical.

Mechanical locks are most often installed in the door leaf. The lock is a steel rod, which is directed into a plate that has a special groove screwed to door block. As a result, the door is securely locked.

In electromagnetic locks, the lock is a powerful electromagnet that is attracted to a steel plate fixed to the block. Electromechanical lock It is an ordinary deadbolt with an electric drive.

Certain factors influence the security of a lock. Firstly, it must have a high degree of secrecy, and secondly, its body must be highly durable. The thicker the metal from which the lock is made, the more reliable it is. Of course, interior doors do not require the installation of an expensive and powerful lock. Much more important than him appearance and a beautiful pen.

Very often, door locks are made with a mechanism to lock the door when it is closed. The most common today are:

• crossbars;
• invoices;
• mortise;
• latches.

Do-it-yourself installation of mortise door locks is done directly into the door leaf. Therefore, they are completely invisible from the outside. Mechanisms equipped with safety device. When the handle moves, the cam moves. He presses down on the latch, causing it to move back. At the same time, the spring is tensioned. After the handle returns to its original position, the cam, under its pressure, returns to its original state. When the door closes, the latch moves only due to the bevel. The spring is activated independently and the latch slams shut.

In the design, the latch spring also performs the locking function. When pressure is applied to the latch, the second spring latches the bolt. When turning, the key begins with its bit to first lift the latches that fall out of the upper holes. The beard then presses on the bolt and pushes it forward. When the bit returns to its initial state, the latch again enters the upper hole, preventing the bolt from operating automatically. The lock has the ability to work with double closure, because the crossbar is equipped with two niches at the bottom.

Locking devices have varying degrees of secrecy. They are divided into:

• suvaldnye;
• levelers;
• cylinder.

In systems of the first type, reliability is achieved due to protrusions of different shapes made on the plate. Sometimes there are about 90 such protrusions.

Level devices, invented by the Englishman Chub, are equipped with increased secrecy. In each lock, the key has special recesses located at 90° to the bit. The steel box is equipped with spring plates of different sizes. The locking bolt may operate if the key begins to lift and grip the plates at the same time.

The cylinder lock has increased reliability thanks to a cylindrical channel made specifically for the key. The pins together with the spring prevent the key from turning. If the inserted key can lift all the pins, the locking device will rise, allowing the cylinder to rotate. Such cylinder mechanisms are considered mortise and can be closed in the usual way. It must be said that cylinder devices are considered the most reliable. The keys in this case have different shapes and a huge number.

How does the lock mechanism work?

Any device designed for locking must necessarily consist of:

• locking mechanism;
• steel box;
• valves;
• key

In locking mechanisms, the most common is the mortise lock. He must have:

• frame;
• face strips;
• a bolt equipped with a special latch;
• main action deadbolt;
• drive lever.

Any lock is equipped with a secret system that identifies the key. The door is locked using an actuator.

Secrets are divided into several mechanical types:

1. Cylindrical. Its main part is a special cylinder. It contains pins that prevent the device from being hacked. This castle began to be called English. It is considered the most popular and most in demand.
2. Suvaldny. The key of this lock has special teeth. They are designed to identify levers and determine their number.
3. Coded. In this case, a secret set of numbers is entered and the protection system is activated. The lock opens.
4. Electronic. It operates on a drive, which is installed in the locking device itself.

Actuators are similarly divided into several types:

1. Electromechanical. They have a deadbolt powered by an electric motor.
2. Electromagnetic. In this case, the locking mechanism is a magnet.
3. Mechanical. The steel rod fits into a special hole and closes the lock.

Level lock design

The reliability of a given system directly depends on the number of plates. The more plates, the stronger the protective properties.

The lever system includes the following parts:

• cross bolt or bolt;
• steel plates or levers;
• a special hole where the key is inserted.

The operation of this system is based on installing the plates in specific positions, only then the key will begin to turn.

How does the cylinder system work?

A similar design, similar to others, can be:

• mortise;
• overhead.

The secret mechanism is hidden in the cylinder installed in the center of the lock. This system has several subtypes:

• unilateral;
• bilateral.

One-way system can be opened with a key, and only from a specific side, the other is equipped with two cylinders. This lock cannot be opened from the inside without a key.

Locking a building with a cylindrical device requires several specific steps.

First, the key must be inserted into a groove that has a limited protrusion, which is located in the cylinder.

One of the cylinder parts is always free to rotate if the inserted key fits. Housing similar design always motionless. The actuator is the pins, and it is them that the key begins to lift. Due to the position of the pins, the operation of the device is regulated. For the mechanism to open, all encryption details must match.

How is the lock structure used on interior doors made?

Of course, when there are many doors in an apartment, it is not always necessary to completely lock them. But in some circumstances, locking the doors becomes a necessity. For this purpose it is purchased beautiful castle, it is installed in door leaf. It should consist of:

• moving plate;
• shutter;
• springs;
• lever;
• latches;
• housings.

In previous years, lock systems were made quite simple and were easy to open. Today, with the advent of technology, invisible locks have been invented. These structures are capable of standing guard over any apartment; no one can break into such front door.

Locking devices, the price of which is not very high, can be knocked out or drilled, but the latest locking system hidden inside the door leaf functions only at certain radio frequencies of a special key fob.

Can be done lock structure particularly complex or quite simple, but it has long been clear to everyone that it is better to have a reliable door with a single lock highest quality than to install several cheap and simple locks of questionable reliability.

If we talk about the structure of the door lock, we can highlight fundamental differences for its different types. Today, a wide variety of structures are installed in apartments and houses that can protect the home from thieves and at the same time are convenient for use. In order to become better acquainted with the range of fittings for entrance and interior doors and their features according to GOST, it is worth considering individual types of products in more detail.

Today there is a huge variety of door locks.

Types of castles

First of all, you should understand the classification of locks and their description according to GOST. There are several main criteria by which differences are determined individual species accessories.

First of all, it is necessary to distinguish between locks for entrance and interior doors; their design may be similar in some respects, but in general they are completely different elements.

If we talk about installation methods, it is worth highlighting the following varieties:

• Overhead. These are the simplest models used for installation on entrance doors. They are attached directly to the canvas and are usually not equipped with a handle. Doing this kind of work with your own hands will not be difficult.
• Mortise. These include the vast majority of modern locks for both the entrance and interior door. The mortise lock, according to GOST, is inserted inside the blade and can be connected to the handle.
• Built-in. It is installed during the manufacturing process of the door leaf and is directly integral part. This perfect option for a metal entrance door.

Types of door locks depending on the installation method

The structure of almost any door lock is based on the presence of the following elements:

• secret mechanism (larva);
• retractable crossbars;
• pen;
• halyard tongue;
• overlay panel.

Locks for interior doors are usually limited to a simple latch, without a secret mechanism. At the same time, the front door cannot be left without reliable locking fittings. All products are classified according to the level of secrecy and degree of reliability. Belonging to one class or another determines the number of available secret combinations. The more there are, the more difficult it is to break into the door with a master key. In addition, there is a separate category of burglar-resistant models. Some of them cannot be opened without the original key.

An example of a pin-type cylinder lock design

In order to delve deeper into this issue and do right choice When purchasing, you need to consider the types of larvae according to GOST in more detail.

Lock mechanism

So, what does an entrance door lock consist of? The main part is the larva, it is the very mechanism that ensures the blocking of the structure in the opening and prevents strangers from entering the room.

The following models are distinguished:

• cylinder;
• levelers;
• disk;
• crossbars;
• crusades.

Door lock options depending on the locking mechanism

Cylinder. These are the most common products, the secret part of which is located in a part similar to a cylinder. The structure of the so-called English lock is as follows: inside the cylinder there are pins that lock the mechanism in the closed position. The key has notches that move these pins according to the diagram and allow you to turn the mechanism.

Level ones. These products are very reliable. The design of a lever door lock involves the presence of levers inside the mechanism. The key has the shape of a so-called butterfly or soldier and, when turned, raises them to the level specified by the coding.

Disk. This is not the most reliable option, but it can still be used. The key looks like a rod cut in half with several notches. Inside the lock, this key turns the discs, forming a tunnel and releasing the mechanism.

Crossbars. The device of such a door lock is equipped with a latch with reverse side. Today, such options are rarely used due to their unreliability. The essence of the device is the presence of two crossbars, which are pulled back with a special key or latch.

Crusades. The weakest type, the key has a cross shape. The larva can be opened Phillips screwdriver or any other suitable item.

Mortise and built-in locks

According to GOST, one of the types of door lock designs is the mortise model. Such products are used almost everywhere. The peculiarity of the mortise lock device is that its main part cuts into the door leaf. Only the turnkey well, handle and decorative panel, hiding the attachment points.

Inserted mortise lock according to GOST, at the end of the canvas, and its counterpart has the form of a plate and cuts into the box opposite. This principle is used to install a mortise system on a door made of any material.

A more advanced version is a built-in lock. Unlike a mortise one, it is placed inside the canvas during the production process and cannot be easily removed. Only the crossbars come out through holes cut to fit their shape. The peculiarity of such models is that the number of crossbars can be simply huge, and they are located not only on the side, but also below and above to completely block the door in the opening.

Built-in locks are usually used on metal entrance doors

Overhead structures

The design of a padlock can be called simpler. Today they are used less and less. A special feature of the overhead door lock is that, according to GOST, it is attached to the door leaf without additional recess. The system consists of two parts: the main part contains a cylinder and a latch on one side, the well goes out on the back side. The second part is the response panel where the crossbars go.

The mating part is also overhead, so if you do the installation yourself, it must be conveniently placed on the frame exactly opposite the exit of the pins.

Overhead lock model

Interior models

If we consider the question of how the design of door locks works, we should definitely consider interior models. The design of a standard interior door lock can be divided into a separate category, since, unlike previous models, these products have a special design.

The circuit of such a door lock is combined with a handle. In this case, in addition to the latch, there is an outlet to the handle, which sets the halyard tongue in motion due to its connection with a rectangular cross-section rotary pin. Depending on the type of handle, such mechanisms are divided into three categories:

• rotary round;
• nobs;
• push.

Types of locks for interior doors

Device interior lock almost completely coincides with the mortise design, but here the exit under the handle often has more space. It is impossible to make a high-quality lock on a door with your own hands without certain skills, but understanding their structure will be useful for every owner.

Locks manufactured by industry are classified: according to the design of the mechanism - lever, leverless and cylinder;
by purpose and installation method - door, hanging and furniture;
according to the method of fastening - mortise, mortise and overhead;
according to the material used for manufacturing and the method of manufacturing the body - stamped from sheet steel, cast from cast iron, from zinc or aluminum alloys, etc.;
for finishing - painted, nickel-plated, chrome-plated, oxidized, with combined finishing, etc.;
depending on the installation location - right and left.
Despite the wide variety of designs, all locks are characterized by the presence of the following basic elements:
crossbar (bolt) 10 (Fig. 4), directly locking the door, lid, etc., and in padlocks - the shackle;
levers (delays), forming the “secret” of the lock and at the same time fixing the bolt in the established position;
housing 3, consisting of one or more parts, in which the lock mechanism is located;
key - a device for controlling the lock mechanism with an individual or group “secret”.
The operating principle of the lever lock mechanism is that in the position shown in Fig. 4, the crossbar 10 cannot move, since the thrust pin 9 fixed in it is located in the recess of the lever 8. By turning the key from right to left, the key bit lifts the lever and the pin comes out of the recess, after which the crossbar can be moved to the left.
When the key is turned further, its bit comes out from the contact of the levers, which, under the action of springs, fall down and hold the bolt in a closed state. Typically, locks have several levers. To make it difficult to unlock locks with a random key, the levers make various thicknesses or with a cutout of various sizes.
Crossbar 10 consists of a head and a base. The bolt head is a valve that fits into the locking plate. The base of the bolt has shaped cutouts for the key bit, the number of which depends on how many turns of the key the lock is designed for. In addition, the base of the crossbar serves as a guide for the entire crossbar. In most cases, door locks are made with bolts that extend in two turns. In locks of all types, the bolt, both in the open and closed positions, is always fixed in a certain position.
When the lock is locked, the key bit lifts the levers up, releases the bolt and moves it one turn. At the end of turning the key, the bit stops lifting the levers; they lower, their protrusions fall into the cutout of the crossbar and fix them in this position.
Each option for the arrangement of different levers along the contour is called a series. The keys to all locks of this series are the same.

Rice. 4. Mortise lever lock:
1 - front bar, 2 - oblique latch, 3 - body, 4 - oblique latch driver, 5 - driver spring, 6 - stand, 7 - lever spring, 8 - levers, 9 - thrust pin, 10 - bolt (bolt), 11 - oblique latch spring

The number of lock series depends on the lever options available in a given production. Thus, in the production of three-lever locks, where three types (numbers) of levers are made, the largest number of series is 6, i.e., corresponding to the number possible options lever locations: 1+2 + 3; 1+3+2; 2+1+3; 2 + 3+1; 3+1+2; 3 + 2+1.
In the production of four-lever locks, a set of levers gives, respectively, 24 series. In locks with two rows of levers and double-bit keys, the number of series reaches 150. By increasing the number of different levers, the number of series can be increased.
Leverless locks (Fig. 5) are characterized by the fact that the bolt, when moved with a key, is locked by a spring-loaded pawl that fits into the grooves of the crossbar strip. Secrecy in leverless locks is achieved through the configuration of the key
slots and placement on the base of the lock opposite the key slot of barrier plates or annular protrusions in the form of concentric circles, to bypass which they must have corresponding longitudinal or transverse slots.
Cylinder locks (Fig. 6) are similar in principle to lever locks. Pins 12 and 17 in these locks perform the functions of levers.
Housing 3 has a through socket for a cylindrical core.

Rice. 5. Leverless lock:
1 - pawl, 2 - locking post, 3 - spring, 4 - bolt, 5 - base of the body, 6 - key bit, 7 - spacer post, 8 - shaped key, 9 - pin, 10 - face plate

The channels on the side surface are located coaxially with the holes in the core. In cylinder padlocks, the cylinder mechanism is usually located in the lock body itself. The core has a narrow through shaped groove for a flat key and 4-5 holes located along the axis of the key groove. The pins have different lengths, thereby determining the profile of the key (secrecy of the lock).

Rice. 6. Rim cylinder lock:
A - general form, b - lock device, c - cylinder mechanism; 1—locking box, 2—oblique latch, 3, 15—cases, 4—. oblique latch handle, 5 - handle, 6 - bolt (bolt), 7, 9, 13 - springs, 8 - retraction lever, 10 - cylinder mechanism, 11 - leash, 12 - upper pins, 14 - lock plugs, 16 - core, 17 - lower pins

Spiral springs serve to return the pins to their original position after opening the lock.
To block the holes of the cylinder mechanism body, plugs in the form of a common valve or separate plugs are used.
In an assembled cylinder mechanism, the core can rotate only if the upper ends of the pins inserted into it are located flush with the surface of the core, which is only possible if there is a “own” key in the key groove.
The key profiles for each cylinder mechanism are milled individually, which ensures greater privacy of the cylinder locks.
To increase the number of secrets, cylinder mechanisms are manufactured with shaped key grooves of various profiles.
Depending on the design, cylinder door lock mechanisms are divided into single and double. Single mechanisms are designed for door locks controlled by a key only from the outside of the door. In mortise locks, such mechanisms are mounted on the door separately and connected to locking device The lock has a leash in the form of a bar, which is inserted into a slot on the back cover.

Fig- 7 Furniture lock:
These strips have transverse notches that make it easier to adjust their length to the thickness of the door.
For mortise locks, single mechanisms are mounted directly in the lock body.
Double mechanisms are designed for door locks controlled by a key on both sides. By design, these mechanisms are usually manufactured in one case with a round or shaped profile.
Furniture locks are designed for furniture drawers and doors, for caskets, etc.
The furniture lock (Fig. 7) in the keyhole has a guide pin for the key shaft and two cutouts 2 located at right angles for the key bit. This makes the lock suitable for a desk drawer, where the bolt moves vertically, and for a cabinet, where the bolt moves horizontally.
The locks are also manufactured with keyholes on both sides, making them suitable for installation in both right- and left-handed doors.

Furniture latch locks fig. 8 with a through sliding bolt for simultaneous locking of cabinet doors from the upper and lower ends are manufactured with a conventional lever mechanism.

Padlocks vary: according to the design of the mechanism - lever and leverless, cylinder, secret (with code) and screw; by size - large, medium and small.
In addition, we also produce locks for apartments. mailboxes etc. For finishing padlocks Available in polished, painted, nickel-plated, etc.
The “Girka” type lever lock (Fig. 9) has a removable shaped shackle and a flat double-sided key. The lock body is usually cast iron. The crossbars in the lock are located opposite the grooves at the ends of the bow. Gaskets are installed in the gap between the crossbars, of which 2-4 gaskets, having a narrow groove in the middle, are fixedly attached to the lock body. These spacers allow you to turn only a key in the lock that has the corresponding slots. The secrecy of such locks depends on the number and location of gaskets.
A padlock with a cylinder mechanism (Fig. 10) is the most reliable: it is difficult to find another key for it. The bodies of such locks are usually cast from gray cast iron or secondary aluminum alloys, in which three vertical holes are drilled:
two on top and one on bottom for the cylinder mechanism.
Cylinder 1 is held in the body by a pin 2, pressed into the lock body. The lock is unlocked by half a turn of the cylinder using an eccentric protrusion 3, which removes the bolt 4 from the groove of the shackle 5. When the core is rotated to its original position, the spring 6 pushes the bolt out.
Control locks (Fig. 11, a, b) are intended for retail, warehouse and other premises that require sealing. The seal of such locks is a paper gasket with a seal or code, pressed against the keyhole by a box-shaped curtain, which is locked on the body when the shackle is lowered.

Rice. 9. Lever padlocks:
1 - bow, 2 - bow axis, 3 - lever spring, 4 - crossbar plate with crossbar, 5 - lever spring, 6 - levers, 7 - fastening column, 8 - lower box-shaped cover, 9 - key pin, 10 - crossbar

The curtain against the key has a hole for a key and a rotary cylinder. Such a lock cannot be opened with a key without breaking the paper gasket covering the keyhole, i.e. without breaking the seal or seal.

Rice. 10. Padlock with cylinder mechanism:
1—cylinder, 2—pin, 3—eccentric protrusion, 4—bolt, 5—shackle, 6—bolt spring

Rice. 11. Control padlock:
a - general view, b - section; / - shackle, 2 - outer cover (curtain), 3 - lever arms, 4 - key end, 5 - shackle ejector spring, 6 - inner cover, 7 - lever stop, 8 - lever spring

So-called “secret” locks are also manufactured, which can be closed and opened without a key. The mechanisms of the most common security padlocks consist of three to four or more metal rings with slots in the inside and numbers or letters on the outside. The arch with protrusions moves out of the body only when all the rings are installed with the grooves arranged in one line, while the numbers or letters against the special mark on the body form a cipher assigned to this lock vertically in the form of a code consisting of a number or a word.
Secret padlocks are also known, combined with a conventional locking mechanism and an additional secret in the form of rotary or sliding buttons on the body. They allow you to insert or turn a key only when they are set to the code assigned to this lock.
Padlock cases are made: riveted from two flat lids and sides; riveted from two stamped box-shaped lids; box-shaped with a roll-up lid; tubular oval with two pressed box covers; cast from cast iron, aluminum or zinc alloys. Depending on the mechanism and purpose, and sometimes to diversify the assortment, padlock bodies are given different shape.
The shackles of padlocks are made round bent, flat stamped, plate-shaped, riveted or welded from 2-4 flat stamped plates. The locking part of the shackle can have an eyelet into which the bolt fits, or 1-2 recesses for the bolt.
The keys are made cast from malleable cast iron or forged with a tubular core; flat stamped from sheet steel, single- and double-sided for cylinder locks, milled or extruded longitudinal grooves.

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From time immemorial, people locked their homes by bolting the doors. The advantage of a mortise lock compared to a rim lock is that when closed door You can't just grab it and unscrew it. The disadvantage of this device is that to install it you have to make a notch in the door leaf, as a result of which its integrity, and therefore its strength, is compromised.

Causes of broken door locks

Very often, lock manufacturers use rather soft steel or alloys of non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum for their manufacture, but they cannot withstand high loads for a long time. There are several main reasons why the lock device fails:

• Malfunctions of the door leaf, traps.
• Accumulation of dust in the locking mechanism, presence of rust.
• Malfunctions in internal elements, wear of the lock.

Malfunctions of the door leaf, traps

When the geometry of the door changes, the lock bolts begin to move relative to the striker plate. The mechanism by which the bolts move cannot overcome the effect of friction between the bolt and the bar, as a result of which the load increases and spreads throughout the entire lock mechanism, some parts are not able to withstand the increase in stress and soon fail, most often this happens with a secret, the weakest part of the mechanism. After the secretion, the risk of breakage remains for crossbars with a movement mechanism.

Accumulation of dust in the locking mechanism, presence of rust

Very often, locks used in dusty areas do not receive timely maintenance. This increases the internal resistance in the moving parts of the lock. If no action is taken for a long time, the lock will jam. If a lock model with an increased number of locking rods is used, this is especially dangerous. The same number of problems is caused by the presence of rust inside the lock. In these cases, only regular cleaning of the lock mechanism can increase the operating time of the lock.

Mortise lock design

1.SHTULP

This part is also called the end or front strip. Its ends extend beyond the boundaries of the lock body; they have two holes through which the lock is secured to the end of the door leaf with two screws. The frame has cutouts for the latch and bolt. The length, width and thickness of the frame must correspond to the dimensions of the door end.

2. LATCH

This mini deadbolt automatically closes the door when the door leaf returns to the frame. Unlike a rectangular bolt, the latch is beveled on one edge, so when it comes into contact with the door frame, it first moves inside the lock body, and then the return spring pushes it into the cutout of the bolt (reciprocal) strip.

3. BEAM

What in the old days was made from a massive piece of wood and was impressive in size, today is only a couple of centimeters in length and width and is made of hardened steel. In order for the lock to lock the door, the bolt is pushed into the locking bar under the action of a cylindrical mechanism. By turning the key one or several times, we adjust the depth of penetration of the bolt into the locking plate.

4. CYLINDER FASTENING

4. CYLINDER FASTENING

A long screw is inserted through the hole in the stem, which fits into the corresponding threaded hole in the cylinder. In this way, the cylinder is secured in the lock; it is no longer possible to remove it from there when the door is closed.

5.DORNMASS

This term means the distance from the center of the key or cylinder hole of the lock to the edge of the shtl. Dornmass is measured in millimeters. This indicator must be taken into account not only when installing a new lock, but also when replacing an old lock with a new one. Even if two locks have the same dimensions and mounting locations, but different backbone masses, many problems may arise during installation, the best solution which will be the search for a model with the required backbone mass.

6. CASE WIDTH

To install a mortise lock, a notch is made in the canvas using a drill and chisel. It is important not to make a mistake in the drilling depth. In order for the lock body to fit into the recess without any problems, its depth should be slightly greater than the width of the lock body. Sometimes the description of the lock also indicates the rear door frame (the distance from the center of the key or cylinder hole of the lock to the edge of its back plate). Then backmass + rear backmass = recess depth (width of lock body).

7. RETURN SPRING

So that the lock handle does not hang down, but is always in horizontal position, a return spring is installed in the locks. When the handle is pressed, the spring is compressed. But as soon as the handle is released, the spring immediately returns it and the latch to their original position.

8. WALNUT WITH HANDLE HOLE

A nut is a mechanism with a quadrangular hole for a push set (handles). The most common types are those with a pin size of 8x8 mm for locks for room doors and 10 x 10 mm for locks for entrance doors.

9. CENTER DISTANCE OF LOCK– the distance between the center of the rotating part of the cylinder and the center of the hole for the handle. This indicator is very important for determining the location of the hole for the push set in the door leaf.

10. LOCKING MECHANISM

The so-called cam (or bit) located in the center of the cylinder moves the bolt forward with each turn of the key. In this case, when the key is turned to the left, the cam enters the cutouts on the bolt and pushes the bolt out of the lock body. When unlocking, the same thing happens, but when you turn the key to the right.

11. CYLINDER INSTALLATION

When installing the cylinder, it is simply inserted into the hole provided for this purpose in the lock and secured with a screw. The main thing is to get the screw into the hole intended for fastening. A slight movement of the cylinder in the lock will help to cope with this task. The key must be inserted into the cylinder in the “closed” position. After installation, check the lock for functionality, first with open door, and then - with it closed.

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