The lock on the door of the USSR. Door locks

As soon as our ancestors realized that property can be both common and personal, there was a need to protect one's own from someone else's, and with it the first ways to lock a home.

Locks have evolved significantly, simple latches and bolts, which have survived to our time through long experiments and inventions, have turned into high-tech security systems, both mechanical and electronic. The device of a door lock is largely determined by its main function - locking the door and protecting the house.

According to the method of fastening to the front door, locks can be divided into two types. Mortise mounted in the door leaf. When installing such a lock, the place of the door where the mechanism crashes is significantly weakened. But, nevertheless, it is the most common, well-designed and, if properly mounted, will last for many years.

Overhead with screws and screws are attached to the inside of the front door. They are elementarily installed and do not reduce the strength of the door structure.

The structure and composition of the product is determined by the presence of such functional parts as the secret of the lock and the producing mechanism.

The design of the lock depends on the secret system, which can be of several types:

1. Lever (safe) - on the key there are several cloves that determine the number of levers in the mechanism.
2. Cylinder - consists of a cylinder with pins that prevent easy hacking.
3. Electronic - works on the principle of a drive built into the section of the lock.
4. Code - opens by entering a specific pin code.

As a producing mechanism of locks, are:

1. Mechanical - the closure occurs with the use of a metal rod (key) included in a special groove in the door lock.
2. Electromagnetic - a magnet acts as a locking mechanism.
3. Electromechanical - the presence of a deadbolt with an electric drive.

Structural lock systems

The device of the door lock (diagram), as well as the principle of operation of each type of product, is strictly individual. It can be simple with standard locking systems, or it can be complex and intelligent in design to improve burglary and fire resistance.

The device layout and mounting method are also not unique for all types. The most common in use are the lever and cylinder locks of the front door, so you should figure out how each of them works.

How does the lever lock mechanism work?

The design of the lever lock has a fairly high level of reliability.

Let's study the device of a lever lock using the example of the Kale Kilit 257L model.

The picture shows a sectional diagram of the device, illustrating all the details of the design:

• 1 key;
• 2 - body;
• 3 - front frame;
• 4 - cover;
• 5 - bolt;
• 6 - bolt shank;
• 7 – shank stand;
• 8 - set of levers;
• 9 - lever springs;
• 10 - armor plate;
• 11 - spacers.

Cross-sectional diagram of the lever lock device.

Functional purpose of the main parts

The internal system of the door lock consists of several top-priority parts that determine the flawless operation of the mechanism.

The deadbolt shank is the main element of door lock systems. He is responsible for protection against manipulative and forceful methods of breaking the front door.

The gap between the shank leg and the code groove of the device is quite an important indicator. The protection function directly depends on its value. The investigated and established ideal size is 0.3-0.7 mm. Decreasing the value leads to wear and jamming of the key, and exceeding it, which is worse, to the possibility of easy manipulative opening.

The number of levers determines the degree of reliability and the required time for hacking. The more levers - the more time it will take to open the door lock, this does not apply to an increase in complexity. The most applicable and effective number of levers in the device is six.

The device of the front door mechanism is impossible without such equally important elements as:

• The design of the springs ensures proper operation, otherwise the lever will not be able to return to its original position, and if it lingers in the gap, the lock ceases to function.
• The bolt consists of three crossbars. They must be attached to a bar that attaches to the shank. In cheap systems, the crossbars are attached directly to the shank, which in the future may lead to looseness or breakage of the crossbars from the front door lock.
• Armor plates cover the most vulnerable places in the mechanism, preventing penetration from the outside.
• Spacer washers create tolerances between levers for a smoother ride. Thanks to the exact gaps, the protruding parts on the key will not catch several levers at once, and the mechanism will work without interruption.
• The front frame secures the mechanism inside the door and does not leave the possibility of force breaking. It is an indispensable design element of the castle.
• The body and cover of the product are coated with an anti-corrosion agent. They are firmly and rigidly mated to each other by means of a large number of screws.

Operating principle

The levers are a set of plates with curly cutouts. The scheme is simple: under the influence of the key, they line up in well-defined positions in order to turn the key and open the system. But if at least one plate misses its groove, the mechanism will not work.

The key plays a certain role of a code, and it is difficult to crack such a system by force. A high degree of reliability and durability is due to the large dimensions of the mechanism.

If you follow all the rules for assembling the product, then it will be difficult to hack it even for the most experienced burglar.

What is the secret of the cylinder lock?

Despite the rather simple device of the cylinder lock, it is extremely reliable.

All the main elements presented in the section have certain functions:

• The cylinder (larva) ensures the secrecy of the product by moving and fixing the deadbolt of the lock in the working position.
• The lever is used to control the latch when opening and closing the door with a key.
• The bolt-latch and bolt hold the door closed by entering the striker plate.
• Strike plate - an element with holes for inserting bolts while locking doors.
• The front frame is a detail of a mortise lock with a hole for the removal of bolts. Serves as fastening of the lock to an end face of a door.
• The key controls the secrecy mechanism, provides input and output of the deadbolt.
• The case is the main part of the product, inside which the entire system of the mechanism is arranged.

Sectional diagram of a cylinder lock.

Operating principle

All the work consists in "freezing" the cylinder inside the box with the help of code and locking pins. Codes work in conjunction with the key itself, and locking pins stop the entire mechanism when the key is not inserted into the well. The key, by placing its pins on a special separation line, unlocks the larva inside the box and the crossbars begin to move.

Cylinder locks are also called "English", and their keys are most often a flat configuration with cutouts or dents along the edges. Such a mechanism is resistant to hacking with master keys, which cannot be said about the power method - drilling or knocking out the larva.

With the construction of housing and the appearance in society of stratification on the basis of property, it became necessary to lock houses with locks, to protect their private property. There are practically no places left on the globe where people do not use it. For a long time, the devices that lock the door frame have been modified. Manufacturers sought to make constipation more reliable, improving its quality. However, the function of the door lock remained the same - this is the locking of doors and the preservation of acquired things. Door locks are also placed on interior doors.

The main function of a door lock is to lock doors and protect the home.

Types of door locks

All locking devices include:

• fixing device;
• a special box for constipation, made of metal;
• valve;
• key to move the crossbar.

The design of the door lock depends on its purpose. The method of attaching the locking mechanisms to the door device divides them into:

• mortise, they are installed inside;
• overhead, fixed on the inside of the door.

It must be remembered that door overhead and mortise locks are made for “left” and “right” doors, it is not advised to turn them over when installing. This may contribute to their abnormal functioning.

There are universal door locks in which the transition from the left to the right door is possible, and vice versa. This can be done by rearranging the latch bolt or latch. This operation is carried out without dismantling the entire lock.

A curious type of overhead door lock is a beam lock. He has two bolts. They move across the entire width of the door horizontally. This lock stands up to protect the door and from the side where the hinges are.

The mortise type of door locks is more difficult to install, hence the high probability of a not very high-quality installation. The place of the door leaf, where they are inserted, is thoroughly weakened. And its closer location to the outer surface makes the doors more accessible to the burglar. We must pay tribute to mortise locks, which are less visible and more convenient to use.

Overhead door locks do not have the disadvantages of mortise locks. It is easier to install them, they do not lower the fortress in the places of installation. Rim locks work great on doors that open inwards. This type of door lock perfectly protects against attempts from the outside, but it is not a hindrance to a burglar who is in the room. Overhead locks have a drawback - this is a change in the appearance of doors for the worse.

Now they make door locks with several bolts. They are called multi-point locks. A reliable locking system is one whose bolts (crossbars) are distributed over the longest possible length of the door end.

The most famous door lock mechanism is the mortise lock. It consists of:

• frame;
• front plank detail;
• drive lever;
• deadbolt with the main action;
• bolt with a special latch.

Regardless of what the attachment to the doors is, the adaptation of the current locking mechanisms contains two components:

• a secret, with its help the key to the lock is recognized;
• actuating device, performs locking.

Varieties of secrets

Mechanical secrets are made in various versions:

1. In the form of a cylinder. The basis is a special detail - a cylinder. In its middle there are pins - elements that prevent the lock from breaking. Such a castle is called English. It is the most common.
2. Code. It opens when you enter the key with a set of the necessary numbers.
3. Suvaldny. Finding several cloves on the key that determine the number of levers.
4. Electronic. Created on a drive embedded inside.

Types of executive devices

Cylinder-type lock: 1 - cylinder mechanism housing, 2 - cylinder (core) with a code mechanism, 3 - keyhole, 4 - code pins (pins), 5 - locking pins (pins), 6 - leash / cam, 7 - fixing hole, 8 - spring, 9 - key, 10 - separation line between body and cylinder.

There are several systems that are used as an actuator. This is:

• mechanical, when the closure is performed by a metal rod that enters a special groove;
• electromechanical, there is a deadbolt with an electric drive;
• electromagnetic, the locking mechanism is a magnet.

The reliability of the locking system of a lever door lock depends on the number of plates. Their larger number contributes to more reliable protection of the premises.

This type of lock system consists of the following elements:

• crossbar, this is a transverse bolt mechanism;
• suvalda - a metal plate;
• dedicated keyhole.

This system operates on the principle of occupying all the plates of the established positions, only in this case it is possible to turn the key. The plates are placed under the influence of the teeth of the key in clearly defined positions. This allows the key and door lock mechanism to be turned. But if at least one of the plates is not in its intended groove, then the whole device will not work. That is, the key is the lock code.

Such door locks are quite difficult to open by force. Level door locks have a long service life and a high degree of reliability. The advantages include their high secrecy and simplicity of design. Subject to all assembly rules and safety standards, such a lock is difficult to crack.

The structure of the cylinder lock system

Cylinder locking mechanism is overhead and mortise. It has a secret device in the middle. Such door locks are made:

• one-sided, they open with a key on one side only;
• double-sided, these locks have two cylinders and cannot be opened from the inside without a key.

In order to close the housing with such a lock, it is necessary to perform certain actions: a key is inserted into the hole with a limited protrusion. This hole is in the cylinder, part of which is always spinning, but this will happen when the proper key is inserted. The rest of the device will remain motionless - this is the case. Pins are the actuating device. They serve to lift the key. From what their position will depend on whether the constipation is open or closed.

The door lock will open only when all coded elements are fully combined.

Interior door locking system

In some cases, it is required to close the door between rooms, and then they opt for a special original lock built into the door. It includes:

• rotary plate;
• gate;
• spring;
• holding lever;
• latch;
• case cover.

Over the years, people have developed a habit, leaving the house, to close it with special door locks. Once they were very simple. In our time, the use of computer technology has led to the emergence of invisible locks. They do an excellent job of protecting your home from burglary. If door locks are simple and inexpensive, then it is not difficult to drill and knock them out. The lock structure hidden in the door operates exclusively from the radio frequencies of a special key fob.

From this we can conclude that the best way out is to purchase one quality constipation. You can also combine different types of door locks in one locking system, this will complicate the work of burglars. It must be remembered that when choosing, it is necessary to scrupulously examine such a design for all sorts of flaws so that it does not fail at the right time.

The consumer is sure that by purchasing a metal front door, he will be reliably protected. But he, as a rule, forgets about the selection of quality locks. But it is from them that 85% of the protection against the penetration of a thief into the territory of the owner’s apartment depends.

According to their stability, the locking mechanisms, like the doors themselves, according to GOST 5089-97, are divided into several classes. In the course of tests with dynamic and static loads, breaking with a master key, as well as thermal and electric tools, the stability class of the lock is determined.

From the tests of locks and the design itself, they determine the classes of burglary resistance of doors, but you should also distinguish between types of locks in order to understand what belongs to what. All types of locks differ: by the type of installation, by purpose and by the type of mechanisms. We hope this will help you make the right choice.

According to the type of installation on the door, locks are divided into:

Padlocks - this type is most suitable for closing external doors: garage doors, utility rooms, sheds. Such locks are easily opened and are not used for home entrance doors.

Overhead locks - have a look known to everyone since ancient times. They are used in wooden door panels because of the ease of installation and the ability to maintain structural strength. From the outside they are locked with a key, and from the inside - with the help of a turntable. A safety chain may be provided.

Mortise locks - the door leaf, in which mortise locks are located, acts not only as a fastening of this type of locking mechanism, but also serves as additional protection for them. Mortise locks are ideal for steel entrance doors, do not interfere with the appearance and are almost invisible.

According to their purpose, locks are divided into groups:

Locking - there is no latch tongue on this type of lock, which plays the role of an additional locking mechanism.

Locking-locking - the design of the lock includes not only a locking device, but also a locking device. The latch fixes the door and is removed when the handle is pressed. Its second name is "faleva latch".

The difference in the type of mechanisms:

Lever locks are by far the best solution for metal entrance doors in residential buildings. The work of a lever lock consists in the interaction of the key bits with the lever plates in the lock. How many cuts on the key, so many levers contains the lock. If there is the slightest mismatch, the lock will not open. The use of locks with less than 6 levers is not recommended, otherwise the protection will be weak. This type of lock may include protection against clogging of the bolts or the "lock recoding" function, with which, if the key is lost, you can recode the lock yourself.

Cylinder locks - work on the principle of setting a combination of small cylinders at a certain height. The mismatch of at least one of the heights dissolves all hopes for opening the castle. The secrecy of a cylinder lock directly depends on the number of cylindrical elements and their location. It is possible to combine cylinder locks with lever locks, and at the request of the customer, additional protection of the door with armor plates and armor plates can be carried out. Whichever door you choose, the choice of lock must be conscious.

Rack locks - used for garage doors, hangars, sheds, technical gates. Due to the low protective characteristics, rack locks are not allowed to be installed in apartment steel entrance doors.

Electronic locks - this name used to be associated with a car, but today they are increasingly being used to protect the home. They are opened by a set of a certain combination, or using a key fob.

Combination locks are locks, usually of the old type. Most often used for entrance doors. The use of this type of lock for home doors is only possible with the latest versions.

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Door locks

3 door locks are used to close doors in residential, service and other premises. According to GOST 5089-56, lever and cylinder were manufactured. According to the method of installation, they are divided into mortise (hollow-in) and overhead. The former are inserted into blind sockets specially hollowed out from the front side of the door, the latter are mounted on the surface of the door without cutting into the tree (on the inside of the locked room). According to the design of locking devices, the following options are known: a) with one bolt bolt; b) with a bolt bolt and a roller lock (roller); c) latch with a bolt bolt and a slanting bolt driven by a handle - a latch; d) with a combined slanting deadbolt, working as a half-turn latch and as a deadbolt with an additional full turn of the key or handle; e) latch locks with one deadbolt - half-turn. Oblique bolts in all door locks, according to the standard, were made adjustable, so that they could be installed in the body with a bevel in one direction or another, depending on which way the door opens - outward or inward. The direction of the bevel of the oblique bolt should not be confused with the concept of "right" and "left" door locks. So called door locks in the case when they can only be installed so that the bolts are turned to the right or left, respectively. This applies mainly to overhead lever door locks, in which the key, if used incorrectly, turns upside down. Such door locks were produced in two versions - right and left. Most door locks were universal and were applicable for installation on any door. The door locks were equipped with locking bars with slots for retractable bolts and latches. The main deadbolt can be operated with a key from both sides of the door or from the inside by a handle and from the outside by a key. An oblique deadbolt (latch) opens in some locks only with double-sided latch handles, in others - from the inside with both a handle and a key, and from the outside only with a key that simultaneously controls the deadbolt and the latch by means of a special lever connecting both deadbolts (latch transfer lever). The bolt bolts are moved by one or two full turns of the key, and the latches, if there is a transfer lever, by a half turn.
Cylinder mechanisms, depending on the design of door locks, were made single and double.
a) Single- for door locks operated by a key only from the outside of the door. Such mechanisms cut into the door separately and then are connected to the locking device of the lock with their leash in the form of a bar, which is inserted into the slot on the bottom cover of the lock. These strips have a number of transverse notches that make it easy to adjust their length to the thickness of the door.

1 - mounting plate; 2 - mounting screw; 3 - leash bar

Single mechanisms for mortise locks are mounted directly on the lock body, after its insertion, through a socket prepared in the door with fastening on a bayonet (bayonet) lock or on a thread with fixation with a locking screw passed through the front plate of the lock. The threaded design of the cylinder mechanism fastening greatly simplifies the adjustment of the installation according to the thickness of the door.

b) double- for mortise door locks operated by a key from both sides. By design, these mechanisms are usually made in one common case of a round or elongated profile with fastening on the body of a lock embedded in a tree through a through socket prepared in the door and fixing with the locking screw described above.

1 - mechanism body; 2 - core (cylinder); 3 - leash (for moving the crossbar); 4 - lock screw

Double cylinder mechanisms are also known, consisting of two separate detachable single mechanisms inserted into the lock body independently from both sides. The method of fastening these mechanisms excludes the possibility of their dismantling from the outside. All double cylinder mechanisms usually have one common driver located perpendicular to the axis of the core. External and internal cylinder mechanisms, each working independently, are blocked with this leash only when the key is inserted.

Door locks of the Soviet period of the mid-fifties were made in the following assortment.

Mortise door locks:
a) three-, six-lever with a bolt bolt and an adjustable roller lock (roller) of the Tula sample, double-turn; b) six-lever small-sized (80 x 70 mm) with a bolt bolt and an unregulated roller; c) five-lever small-sized (81 x 48 mm) with one crossbar deadbolt, double-turn with a double-sided (double-bit) key, multi-series - at least 150 series; d) four-, six-lever latch with a deadbolt and a latch, double-turn; e) the same, with a latch release lever; f) cylinder latch with a deadbolt and latch, with or without a latch release lever, double-turn, double cylinder mechanism; g) cylinder with a deadbolt bolt and a latch, a latch release lever and a fuse, double-turn, a single cylinder mechanism, control from the inside - by a rotary handle, from the outside - by a key of the cylinder mechanism; h) cylinder with one bolt bolt, double-turn, double shaped cylinder mechanism; i) small-sized cylinder rack and pinion with one crossbar bolt, single-turn; crossbar - with a rack bar, moves with a gear fixed on the core, the cylinder mechanism is double-sided; j) latch latches without a locking device, used only for fixing closed interior doors. Cases of mortise door locks were made open (flat base and cover) and deaf (box-shaped base or cover). Cases of all level and cylinder mortise door locks are collapsible. The main options for handles for latch door locks: L-shaped - cast from bronze, aluminum alloys or cast iron; forged steel; the same reinforced with wood; plastic, round buttons, stamped from sheet brass or steel; round plastic or ceramic with metal bushings and sockets; the same, oval; faceted glass with metal fittings.

a - general view; b - diagram: 1 - front bar; 2 - base (bottom cover); 3 - deadbolt; 4 - lever; 5 - the axis of the lever; 6 - notch in the lever; 7 - guide pin of the crossbar; 8 — screw for adjusting the latch (roller); 9 - latch post: 10 - latch stroke limiter; 11 - retainer spring; 12 - clamp bracket; 13 - latch pin; 14 - latch roller; 25 — lever spring

It was completed with two overlays - keys: a - a lock with a removed cover; b - striker plate; in - pad-key; g - key (double-sided)

1 - deadbolt; 2 - oblique bolt (latch) with a shank; 3 - a leash for retracting the latch with a file handle; 4 - spring of the file knot

1 - oblique bolt (latch) with a shank; 2 - a leash for retracting the latch with a square handle with a socket for a square rod; 3 - lever for releasing the latch with a key

1 - a double cylinder mechanism with a shaped (elongated) body; 2 - oblique bolt on guide rails

a - view of the mortise lock from the inside of the door; b - the same from the outside of the door; c - the appearance of the lock assembly with the cylinder mechanism; g - control panel with a handle for moving the crossbar 1 and the safety lever 2; e - cylinder mechanism with a key; e - striker plate

a - general view of the lock with a double-sided cylinder mechanism built into the body
b - diagram of a cylinder mechanism with a double-sided arrangement of pins and a double-sided key: 1 - body; 2 - core; 3 - pin in the core; 4 - pin in the body; 5 - spring; 6 - plug
c - diagram of the rack interface of the crossbar with the core: 1 - crossbar-rail; 2 - gear on the core

a - set on the bar; b - set on the foot (rosette) with a key

On the left - a l-shaped steel handle, forged, with a key; on the right - L-shaped steel handle, reinforced with wood

On the left - a L-shaped plastic handle with pressed metal fittings; on the right - file handle "ball" (button) metal, stamped, on the bar

On the left - oval-shaped handles - plastic or ceramic, reinforced with metal bushings and rings; on the right - faceted glass file handle with metal fittings on the bar

The main dimensions of door mortise locks according to GOST 5089 - 56:
a) key distance (distance from the center of the key to the outer plane of the front bar) - 45 and 55 mm;
b) the length of the body (box) along the depth of the nest in the tree - 70 mm (for locks with a key distance of 45 mm) and 80 mm (for locks with a key distance of 55 mm),
c) the distance between the center of the key and the center of the square of the halyard knot is 65 mm; d) the size of the square socket of the halyard knot is 8 x 8 mm;
e) the length of the square rod of the halyard knot is 80 and 100 mm.

3 overhead door locks:
a) four-lever type "Moscow" with double round bolts, a latch, a latch release lever and a fuse, double-turn; control from both sides with a round single-bearded key; retraction of the latch from the inside also with a lever; made in "right" and "left" versions

Lever overhead double-turn lock with double round bolt bolts, a latch, a latch release lever and a push-button safety device of the "Moscow" type: 1 - case (box-shaped stamped); 2 - bolt bolt; 3 - latch (oblique bolt); 4 - latch translation lever; 5 - safety button; 6 - turning larva of the key (facial); 7 - key with a rotary larva (external); 8 - locking box; 9 - key

b) cylinder with one latch, half-turn, with a fuse, controlled from the inside - by a handle, from the outside - by a key, push-button safety on the upper surface or automatic in the form of a beveled spring-loaded protrusion located next to the deadbolt, which is triggered automatically when the door is closed, in the latter opening the latch by which - either with a blade inserted into the gap between the lock and the lock box, it was excluded

Lock-latch bill of lading cylinder half-turn with a single cylinder mechanism and a fuse; 1 - body (box-shaped) cast; 2 - latch (oblique bolt); 3 - latch retraction handle; 4 - safety button; 5 - locking box (casting), 6 - cylinder mechanism with a mounting ring; 7 - keys

c) cylinder with double round, beveled at the ends of the bolt bolts, working vertically, with a push-button fuse and a safety intercom chain, single-turn, controlled from the inside - by a rotary knob, from the outside - by a key with automatic dropping of the chain; applied to both conventional and sliding doors

Single-turn overhead cylinder lock with double crossbar bolts, push-button safety and safety chain with automatic release from the key: 1 - body cast from non-ferrous alloys; 2 - bolt bolt with vertical movement; 3 - crossbar control handle; 4 - safety button; 5 - safety (intercom) chain; 6 - chain locking socket; 7 - locking angle bar with lugs for crossbar bolts; 8 - cylinder mechanism (single) assembly

d) seven-lever with one latch, half-turn, with a push-button fuse; the lever mechanism is mounted separately in a tubular cage riveted to the bottom cover of the case; control from the inside - by a lever or rotary knob, from the outside - by a flat socket wrench; the spring-loaded lever assembly, under the pressure of the socket wrench of the corresponding profile, also engages with the leash, which, when the key is half turned, removes the latch.

Lock-latch seven-lever bill of lading, half-turn with a push-button safety lock: 1 - body (box-shaped) stamped; g - oblique bolt (latch); 3 - latch retraction handle; 4 - safety button; 5 - lever assembly in a round tubular holder; 6 - face flat key; 7 - locking box; 8 - mounting pad-key

For single-leaf doors opening outwards, the use of overhead locks was not recommended due to the difficulty of inserting the lock box and the lower reliability of fastening the body.
The main dimensions of door overhead locks according to GOST 5089-56:
a) key distance - 55 and 60 mm,
b) body (box) length - no more than 100 mm,
c) adjustment of the cylinder mechanism for the thickness of the door - from 44 to 64 mm.
In addition to the described types of door locks, the following designs are of interest. Small-sized door lock with a single or double cylinder mechanism; such locks were often made with a tubular body, which simplifies their installation in doors to a minimum. Door mortise cylinder lock with a roller lock (roller), this design is very practical for interior doors and does not require the use of handles. The same, with a hook bolt especially for sliding doors. Mortise door lock with cylinder mechanism built into the handle, with automatic safety lock. Laid on lock-latch lever with a massive crossbar deadbolt; control from the inside - by a rotary handle, from the outside - by a key.

Remote-action electric door locks were also known, which are ordinary latch locks equipped with an electromagnet. When the current is turned on by pressing the button, the electromagnet pulls the bolt and opens the door. Such door locks are mainly used for entrance doors opened from the top floor.
Finishing of door locks: mortise locks - painted, galvanized or oxidized with nickel-plated front and strike plates, less often all-nickel. External fittings (key, sockets, handles, etc.) have a protective and decorative coating - nickel plating, chromium plating, color nitriding, color anodizing (for casting from aluminum alloys), coloring or other finishes that are uniform for the entire set. Overhead locks - painted, nickel-plated, chrome-plated. The most common option was painting with nitro enamels or stoving enamels in combination with nickel or chrome plating of bolts and fittings. Cylinder mechanisms nickel-plated, chrome-plated, sometimes uncoated (polished). Keys for door locks of all kinds - nickel-plated or chrome-plated. Mounting screws - with a protective-decorative coating, in harmony with the finish of the case.
Requirements for the quality of door locks (GOST 538 - 56): the minimum number of secrets for three-lever locks - 12, four-lever - 18, cylinder - 1000, cylinder rack - 150, for the rest - according to the technical specifications of suppliers; free and smooth running of moving parts and assemblies; reliable fixation of bolts in the established position; strong fastening of parts without slack and distortions; concentricity of mounting holes with countersinks and punches for screw heads; tight fit of levers and other parts moving one over the other along the entire mating plane; strong stamping of springs in levers, ensuring the mutual parallelism of these springs (one common spring for several levers was not allowed); the plane of the end of the lowered deadbolt is flush with the surface of the front plate of the lock with a tolerance of ±0.5 mm, the color is strong, without spots, wrinkles, bubbles, foreign inclusions, brush marks, unpainted areas, tack and other defects that violate the presentation of the product.
To check the quality of door locks, 5% were selected, but not less than 5 pieces. Visual inspection is done with the naked eye. The serviceability of the mechanism was checked by locking and unlocking the locks on both sides for the full number of revolutions, and all the keys attached to the lock were tested. The reliability of secrecy was checked with the same type of key of another series, while the mechanism under test should not work. The fixation of the crossbar was tested by hand pressure on the end of the removed bolt, which, at the same time, should not fall (slip) into the body. The quality of cylinder door locks was checked for compliance with the following requirements: a) free entry and exit of the key in one position determined for this design; b) trouble-free operation of the mechanism when the key is in the position of the working face both up and down. Turning the core with the key not fully inserted, as well as the key exit in any position of the core, except for the initial one, were not allowed.
Marking: on the front side, by stamping or casting (on cast cases), the brand of the enterprise was put, and on products of the 2nd grade there was also the mark “2s”. Marking with an approved trademark on the front surface was allowed. Door locks were completed with mounting screws of appropriate sizes. Ledge door locks were also equipped with two handles, a square rod with locking screws or pins, two linings or two separate keys and two ring rosettes. Door locks of complex design were completed with instructions for the consumer. All metal surfaces of door locks, except for painted ones, were covered with a thin layer of neutral oil before packaging. Cylinder door locks, as well as latch locks of all types, were packed one set in cardboard boxes with branded labels. Separate packing of sets of file handles in boxes was allowed. Other door locks could be packaged individually in paper. Transport packaging of all types of door locks - in dry wooden boxes of 40-50 pieces of the same grade, while no more than four locks of the same security were allowed in one box. Box weight up to 50 kg gross. Mounting screws were allowed to be placed in each box in a separate package.
Rational use and maintenance of door locks is primarily in the correct installation: a) thorough cleaning of the landing nests in the tree from chips and sawdust that can clog the open mechanism; b) sufficient dimensions of the sockets for the lock body and the cylinder mechanism for their free fit; c) cutting the body and striker plate (or box) flush with the side edge of the door, while the countersunk heads must be completely recessed in their sockets; d) the cylinder mechanism is mounted so that the key enters the groove of the core with the working (toothed) face up; e) when mounting the cylinder mechanism, the key must be removed; f) a notched driving bar on single cylinder mechanisms, after cutting to the thickness of the door, should not clamp the handle assembly; g) lubrication of cylinder mechanisms is not allowed, since even slightly thickened oil inhibits the free movement of lever pins in the channels of the core and body of this mechanism; h) mounting screws for fastening cylinder mechanisms in overhead door locks with a door thickness of less than 50 mm turn out to be too long, in this case they should be shortened. For this purpose, some factories made these screws with a neck groove at the bottom of the shaft, which makes it easier to remove excess length.