Manual hoist - how to feel like a titanium? Homemade hoists.

A hoist is a device for lifting and lowering a load. In addition, such a mechanism can hold the load in a suspended position. Hoists can be manually or electrically driven. With an electric drive, an electric motor is responsible for the movement of the cables. The manual hoist uses a chain mechanism. Such a device can be gear or lever. In this article I will talk about the principles of operation of a manual hoist.

Most a good decision To lift the load and work with it at height, a manual gear hoist is used. This mechanism is designed for raising and lowering loads of various configurations. As the name of this device implies, the mechanism is driven manually. This does not require an energy source. A person who does not have much strength can operate a manual chain hoist.

The operating principle of a chain hoist is not very complicated. This mechanism can be used as a stand-alone lift or as part of a crane beam structure. The hoist can be mobile, lever or stationary.

To work with a stationary hoist, the operator must be located directly next to the load. Thanks to the rotating casing, the load can not only be raised and lowered, but also unfolded for more convenient work with it.

The mobile chain hoist is attached to an I-beam profile, along which, using the carriage included in the hoist, loads can be moved in two directions: vertical and horizontal. Such a hoist, which is mounted on a carriage, is called a telpher.

How does a chain hoist work?
A chain hoist consists of two blocks and a chain thrown between them. The lower block has a chain sprocket, and the upper block has two sprockets of different diameters. It is because of the difference in the diameters of the sprockets that the load is lifted more efficiently.

In addition, one should not forget about increase in efficiency hoisted due to the block system.

Advantage of chain hoist:
Compactness;
Light weight;
Ease of use;
No energy consumption;
Durability;
Relatively low cost.

You can learn about chain hoists on the website stropu71.ru.

Here you can also purchase cable slings and others lifting mechanisms and accessories for them. The Partner StroyServis company has been supplying lifting and geodetic equipment for about ten years. In addition, the services of this company include the design and manufacture of slings and ropes of any size and type.

The movement mechanisms of hoists, the load capacity of which is 1, 2 and 3 tons, include such elements as a driven and idle trolley, and a traverse. Using the last element, the lifting mechanism is fixed and connected to the movement unit.

The hoist trolleys are attached to the traverse using hinge pins vertical type. This design ensures a turning angle of the trolley of 15-18 degrees.

Thanks to the hinged design (guide rollers are provided on the vertical axes), the hoist with the movement mechanism freely passes along paths that have a minimum radius of curvature.

Due to the low-mounted electric motor, the movement mechanism of the electric hoist easily overcomes small switches.

The monorail mechanism for moving electric hoists is offered in normal and reduced dimensions.

The movement mechanisms of normal-sized hoists are equipped with one common sidewall on each side. The motor is mounted on one side via a flange. The connection between the motor shaft and the primary gear is achieved through the use of a reduction attachment.

A hoist with a movement mechanism of reduced size is characterized by a different type of design. Instead of two, there are 4 sidewalls (two driven and two driven).

On devices with low load capacity and low lifting height, only 1 trolley is provided. The trolley is rigidly fixed to the body using a frame.

For hoists equipped with a pair of trolleys, 2 types of fastening are provided - rigid (frame) and hinged (special bolt).

Variations of fastening mechanisms for moving electric hoists

The design of the lifting mechanism is adapted to fix the unit for moving the load along a horizontal plane. Such mechanisms are being developed for monorail or double-rail tracks. Clamps can be of the following types:

• Rigid (hinged) – for a normal-sized movement mechanism. Pulley hoist 2/1 and 4/1. Figure 4A shows an electric hoist with one trolley.

• Hinged (Fig. 4B I) – lifting device not rigidly fixed around the axle and road wheels.

• Swinging or semi-hinged - the lifting mechanism swings. In Fig. 4B shows an electric hoist with two trolleys.

• Non-jointed 2/1 and 4/1. Designed for hoists with reduced dimensions of the movement mechanism. The lifting unit is mounted on the side of the rail track. This design allows you to save useful space.

• Lifting mechanism with a unit for moving along a double-rail track. Fig 6.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the movement mechanism, which includes electric motor(2), gearbox (3), driving block (4), driven block (5).

Movable and simpler stationary crane do-it-yourself beam in the garage - quite doable if you have it welding machine and two days of free time. For a professional auto repair shop, it is easier to buy ready-made lifting equipment.

If the need for a crane is rare, then it is cheaper to make a simple and reliable lift yourself. Such a homemade crane can easily lift a weight of up to 800 kg, and this is quite enough for repair work in the garage.

In order to make a frame for a small beam crane in a standard garage with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

• I-beam (4 - 4.5 meters) - the required footage depends on the height of the garage;
• pipe (diameter 10-12 cm), length 2.4 meters - 2 pieces;
• one square pipe (10x10 cm);
• corners (10x10);
• manual hoist and hoist;
• bolts (M16) with nuts.

If you plan to build a mobile crane beam, then you need four more rollers and a hoist.

The procedure for making a crane frame with your own hands:

• We weld the legs of the crane - you need to weld the corners on both sides to the I-beam pipe;
• The location of the corner is at an angle of 45 degrees. The result is a kind of stiffening ribs that will firmly fix the stand, which bears the bulk of the weight of the load carried by the crane;
• We weld two triangles and spacers on each crane post.

• if the crane is a mobile beam, then on both sides from the bottom, on each stand, a roller must be welded horizontally - ordinary rollers for metal containers will do, furniture rollers will not withstand the weight;
• At the top, we fix a pipe as a crossbar along which the lifting mechanism will move;
• We weld an I-beam in the center of the pipe to secure the roller along which it will move. steel cable crane lifting mechanism.

• We weld a piece of square pipe on top of the I-beam (to give rigidity to the frame) - 40 cm. The pipe should protrude at least 20 cm on both sides. It turns out that side stand located in the middle of the crossbar stiffening pipe;
• We insert the transverse pipe of the frame crossbar into the square pipe;
• drill through holes under the fastening bolts on both sides of the square holder and in the crossbar pipe itself - you need rigid, reliable fixation on both sides of the vertical post.

The result is a U-shaped structure of the crane frame, which is installed on rigid legs with spacers, and a crossbar pipe is rigidly bolted to the top.

Installation of lifting mechanism - manual or automatic

To mechanically lift loads onto the frame, you need to install a manual hoist - a worm winch and a cable. How to attach the hoist to the frame:

• on the side of the rack we install a manual worm winch (load capacity 800 kg, no less);
• The steel cable moves along rollers.

This mechanism makes it easy to lift the engine or car behind the hood on one side.

You can use the lifting mechanism and rollers from the elevator door as a drive. The rollers there are reliable and durable.

An electric lift drive can also be installed on the manufactured base. A 300 - 500 W motor will be quite enough for simple repair work in the garage.

Such cranes are often used for the repair and reconstruction of old wooden houses. Construction log house it will go faster if the logs are laid using a mobile homemade crane. In this case, the width of the frame is the length of the logs.

You can also make a simpler lift for the engine, on one support, watch the video.

The winch is an indispensable device, as in household, and in the garage. Lift a roll of roofing felt onto the roof, throw a couple of bags of cement into the second floor window of a private house under construction, pull the engine out of the hood, and drag the broken car itself into the garage... This is an incomplete list of tasks that can easily be done alone with its help.

Drum-type devices for lifting or moving heavy objects differ in the way they transmit torque. From our school physics course we know how the shoulder works. Losing in speed or distance, we gain in strength. The phrase of Archimedes: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth upside down” precisely describes the principle of operation of the winch.

IMPORTANT! When working with such a device, the support points are the body and the place where the winch is attached. Both elements must be reliable.

Hand winch, with the help of the applied shoulder – increases human strength so much so that one operator can move cars or lift weights of several hundred kilograms. With the same (from a mechanical point of view) principle of operation, these devices have various ways execution.

Manual drum winch - varieties

A hand winch with a drum is a classic of the genre. Except common element– the pulley on which the cable is wound, the devices have various types drive.

A large, main gear is firmly attached to the drum. The entire load falls on it, and on the fastening. Therefore, the reliability of the elements must be at the proper level. In mesh with the main one, there is a small driving gear.

The ratio of the number of teeth is the value of the gear ratio. In other words, gain. The drive gear is integral with the drive shaft. Since we are talking about hand tools– a handle for rotation is put on the shaft.

The length of the lever also affects the degree of reinforcement. The larger the handle arm, the less effort you need to apply.

With the help of such devices, you can single-handedly lift several centners of cargo or move a car weighing 2-3 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drum is quite high.

The design consists of two or more pairs of gears, each of which has a gain of tens of times. With sequential engagement, these coefficients add up, multiplying the force.

Reverse side medals – proportional reduction in speed. Having such a winch, you can slowly vertically lift loads of more than a ton, but if you have to work with two bags of cement, the lifting time will stretch for tens of minutes.

Homemade manual hoist - good replacement industrial designs, because it is no less effective. So it’s worth getting such a helper in your household, and we will help you do it and tell you about this device.

How does a manually driven hoist work?

A hoist is a suspended lifting device. It can be manual or with electric drive, the second option is, of course, more common. A hoist, in general, is a special mechanism for lifting or lowering various loads, as well as for moving them. The lifting capacity can be up to 10 tons, and objects can be lifted to a height of up to 12 m - you must admit, not bad for a manually driven mechanism.

Based on these indicators, this device can be used to move various heavy goods, these can be objects household appliances – gas stoves or refrigerators, freezers or washing machines and the like. Trade workers often use them to put goods on shelves. You cannot do without manual hoists during construction or repair work, where you often have to lift building materials or tools.

An ordinary manual chain hoist has the following main elements: a chain hoist, consisting of movable and fixed blocks connected to each other; two-stage cylindrical coaxial gearbox, which has a manual mechanical drive; output shaft; specialized disc brake; additional system load braking; block pendant with hook. The operating principle is based on traction and load chain systems that have round links. The main types of manual hoists: gear and lever.

Gear manual hoists – is their popularity justified?

The main advantage of this type of hoists is considered to be simplicity of design and reliability. You can’t do without them in many industries: neither in the construction, nor in the mining industry, nor in agriculture, nor at fuel and energy enterprises and others. Such a device can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors, even if there are no power sources. Moreover, such hoists are not only safe to use, but also unpretentious to use and have a durable mechanism.

The gear type of hoists is suitable for working with large loads weighing from 0.5 to 10 tons, and they can be freely lifted to a height of up to 12 m. A special load chain with hook is designed for this load, and the available additional drive chain will provide not only good movement, but also easy movement of goods. You need to control the operation of such a hoist while standing on the ground. The action begins with the drive chain, this device is a stationary mechanism, and its purpose is to raise or lower loads from high shelves.

Monorails are installed indoors to move goods using hoists. Such stationary devices are usually used when there is no need to constantly move and lift loads. They are not designed for a large amount of work, and the movement speed is very low, this must be taken into account when choosing this tool. But at the same time, if you need to lift a fragile product or object, then these are the most successful hoists. Now we need to talk about the competitive model.

Lever hoist – advantageous physics of load capacity

This type of hoist is necessary for working with small loads, the weight of which is no more than 5 tons, and it can be raised to a height equal to the height of a person. It all depends constructive solution. Raising, lowering and moving is carried out using a lever built into the body. The hoist is controlled by an operator located near the device. Such models are good for tensioning cables and lifting loads. Since they are not suitable for a large volume of work, utility services find use for them.

They are necessary when you need to tension cables or install pipes at the bottom of trenches, as well as for installing hatches. With their help, foresters pull out stumps, and industrialists place heavy equipment in workshops. Often their purpose is to lift a load in order to work with it, like this. It can be different renovation work, for example, in car repair shops. To make working with lever hoists easier, they are additionally equipped with special trolleys.

Worm worm hoists - a compact strongman

In addition to these main types of manual hoists, there are also others. IN lately Worm worm hoists are often used. To operate, they are hung stationary or a mobile “cat” is used. This is convenient for moving loads horizontally; such hoists can move along I-beams. Models of this type there are a lot of devices. They are used for lifting or holding loads in a raised position; they are also suitable for moving. Everything happens along a special suspended track made of I-beam profile.

Their advantage is that work can be performed in small spaces, and the distance between beams and loads can be insignificant. Such hoists can also be used for work outdoors.

They have some features, for example, a rotating casing (and the design can rotate all 360 degrees) allows you to control work from anywhere, that is, you can raise and lower the load in any position. This creates additional safety; during operation, the operator can be located on the side of the hoists and also from the load itself. Also this type The hoists are distinguished by their reliability, wear resistance and low-heating brake. All this makes them quiet and comfortable. And thanks to the low building height, you can work with this equipment in confined spaces V vertical positions.

Homemade manual hoist - a free household assistant

Often you have to carry out repair work at home, and you need to lift tools and materials. If you buy a manual hoist, it is expensive, and often you don’t have time. In this case, you can do it yourself.

A suspended hoist in a garage is used as a lifting device. The equipment helps to move heavy objects and make car repairs more convenient. Armed with the necessary components, you can assemble the hoist with your own hands.

A lifting hoist, also called a hoist, can be manual or electrically driven for automated use. According to technical characteristics, the equipment is a mechanism for lifting and moving various loads, including car parts.

The mobile trolley can be placed in any room, regardless of the available space and ceiling height. Depending on the type of design, the load capacity can reach 10 tons. A standard hoist is capable of lifting loads to a height of up to 12 m. The structure consists of the following elements:

• chain hoist, consisting of several blocks connected to each other;
• cylindrical coaxial gearbox;
• disc braking system;
• output shaft;
• hanger with hook.

Where is it used?

A lifting device is used to move loads of various sizes and weights. These could be household appliances, metal structures and automobile spare parts. IN production premises equipment is used to lift loads and place them on top shelves.

Manual hoists are widely used during repair and construction work when there is a need to lift tools and heavy materials.

Varieties of hoist designs

There are several types of design that differ in installation method, design features, control option and others. technical characteristics. Choosing suitable option equipment for the garage, it is necessary to take into account the individual needs and parameters of the room.

Manually driven

Hand hoists are used to lift objects to low heights. The load capacity of manually operated equipment varies from 1 to 8 tons. Traction force on lifting mechanism is 30-65 kgf, which provides a speed of 0.3 to 0.1 m/min. The weight of the structure depends on the material and additional components and ranges from 50 to 400 kg.

Gear manual

Chain hoists with a gear mechanism are used to perform installation work within a garage or in an open space. The equipment is controlled at the load securing point. Gear models are equipped with a hanging hook and are easy to install and operate. Design features gear hoists allow them to be used as independent equipment or as a lifting element for cranes.

Lever

Lever hoist with manual control equipped with a hanging hook and can be attached to support beams or cable. Manual principle operation ensures independence from the presence of electricity. The design provides a locking mechanism for fixing objects in a suspended state.

Worm

Worm hoists, by analogy with other varieties, are used to lift and lower loads. When picking additional elements Worm hoists can move objects along an I-beam monorail track. You can hang a stationary hoist on a hook manually or make a complete version connected to a mobile trolley.

How to make a homemade manual hoist: step-by-step instructions

When making a manual hoist yourself, just follow step by step instructions. Equipment can be crafted by following these steps:

1. Weld the faucet legs to the I-pipe.
2. Position metal corners at 45 degrees to create stiffening ribs that secure the rack. The bulk of the load being lifted falls on this rack, so for additional reliability, spacers need to be welded to it.
3. If the hoist is mobile, rollers must be welded on each stand.
4. Fix a pipe on the garage ceiling along which the lifting mechanism will move.
5. Weld an I-beam in the center of the pipe to secure the roller mechanism.
6. Insert the frame crossbar into the pipe.
7. Drill through holes on both sides of the holder and fix the lifting mechanism.

Tools and materials

To build a hoist, you must first prepare a set of tools and components. In particular, to create a hoist you will need:

• an I-beam with a length of about 4-4.5 m (the exact length depends on the height of the ceiling in the garage);
• square pipe with dimensions 10x10 cm, 2 pipes with a diameter of 10-12 cm and a length of 2.5 m;
• Bulgarian;
• metal corners 10x10 cm;
• M16 bolts with nuts;
• lifting mechanism.

If you plan to install a mobile hoist, you will additionally need to use 4 rollers. The components are used to move the trolley.

Mounting nodes

One of important stages construction of a mobile structure is the installation of components. First, you need to drill holes in the racks through which a rod with threads at the ends will be pulled. Washers are attached to the base of the rod and nuts are screwed on to limit the divergence of the posts. Then a chain is fixed on each side in the middle of the pole.

In order for the winch to move freely, there should be some slack in the chain. A block with a cable is installed on the chain, running along the middle pillar and fixed from the bottom.

Activation and performance testing

Before each start-up and operation of the hoist, it is recommended to check the functionality of the main elements. The following components are subject to inspection:

1. Chain. Since the chain is responsible for holding the object at a height, it is important to check the load capacity. Periodic maintenance involves cleaning the chain from dirt and lubricating it with grease or similar materials.
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