Indoor ficuses - types, photos and descriptions. Ficus: home care

At home, about 20 species of ficus are grown, and in total this genus has almost 2,000 varieties. The shape and appearance of these plants can be very diverse. These are both tall trees and dwarf ground cover ficuses. Most of them are evergreen species, but there are also deciduous variations.

Today, the fashion for ficuses in the interior is back again. Large specimens are great as tapeworms for large rooms: halls and living rooms. These are such ficuses as lyre-shaped, rubber-bearing, Binnendijka. Varieties with ampel shoots look perfect in vertical compositions.

Let's talk about the most popular types and varieties of ficuses, which are so diverse that absolutely everyone can choose a plant to their liking and with suitable dimensions.

Grade Gold Princes

The most popular tree variety up to 2 meters tall with small leaves and drooping branches. The leaf plate, depending on the variety, may have different shades of color and different sizes. The edges of the leaves can be either smooth or wavy, and the leaves themselves can twist. Variegated varieties of Ficus Benjamin have been bred. The tips of the leaves are slightly drawn back and form a funnel to drain excess moisture from the glossy surface.

With a variety of colors and drooping branches, this type of ficus, of course, attracts the eye and is liked by most buyers. But in the care of the plant has certain requirements. If you do not provide Benjamin's ficus with suitable conditions, the plant may shed its leaves and lose its decorative effect.

This species does not like to change its place of residence. If you still had to rearrange it, the pot must be turned with the same side towards the light as before, otherwise leaf fall is guaranteed. Varieties with variegated leaves are more demanding on color than green ficuses.

Grade Starlight

The plant should be watered moderately, but regularly. Ficus Benjamin does not like both waterlogging and drying out of the soil.

The plant tolerates a haircut well, which allows you to form a crown of the desired shape.

This variety is characterized by the formation of aerial roots, as they grow, beautiful weaves can be formed from them, which gives the tree even more decorative effect.

The most popular varieties:

• Gold Princes - has light green leaves interspersed with dark green;
• Variegata - a variety with two-color leaves;
• Judi - leaves have golden pigmentation in the form of separate spots;
• Esther - this variety has bright green foliage;
• Barok is a relatively short plant with curling leaves;
• Starlight is a very decorative ficus with white foliage.

Ficus Benjamin: video

Grade Robusta

The most common and unpretentious appearance ficus. It is believed that it cleans the air well in the room and saturates it with oxygen. There are variegated varieties that are a little more finicky in content. This ficus got its Latin name due to the fact that its milky juice contains rubber, which is used to make rubber.

This species is reluctant to branch, and in order to force it to do so, it is recommended to cut off the crown of an adult plant. It can be further rooted and get a new plant. Over time, the lower leaves grow old and fall off, the trunk becomes bare, which reduces the decorativeness of the plant.

So that the ficus does not lose foliage prematurely due to improper care, waterlogging of the soil, a sharp change in temperature, and an excess of fertilizers should not be allowed.

It is important to maintain good lighting by placing the ficus as close as possible to the window or on the windowsill. We can say that this plant is a conservative, not loving change.

Sort Abidjan

If Ficus rubber likes growing conditions, it will produce 1 new leaf weekly in the active growth phase. In winter, there is a dormant period. Water the plant carefully warm water, with drying the earthy coma between waterings. In the heat, it is desirable to spray. This ficus also likes when its leaves are rubbed with a damp sponge.

Common varieties:

• Robusta - leaf cover is green, unpretentious;
• Abidjan - has burgundy veins on the leaf plates, which gives it originality;
• Belize - has a tricolor color, the leaf is green in the center, and has white and pink spots along the edges, it is photophilous;
• Black Prince - so named for the almost black color of the foliage, has no special care requirements;
• Melany - has a compact crown, readily branches, which distinguishes it from other varieties;
• Tineke - a tricolor variety with white, pistachio and green leaves, whimsical, gets sick from improper care.

Ficus rubbery: video

Variety Bambino

The species got its name for the similarity of large wavy leaves with a lyre. Against a dark background, the foliage has embossed light veins. The leaf can grow up to 50 cm, so the plant has impressive dimensions and requires a lot of space, but it does not tolerate neighborhood with other flowers.

Likes diffused bright light and moderate temperature. During the dormant period (in winter) - cool content at a temperature of 12-15 °. Warm water is used for irrigation. The ground should not be constantly wet. Drying required between waterings. In spring, summer and autumn, 2 times a month, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is necessary. In summer, it is advisable to spray the leaves and wipe them with a damp sponge. The flower is transplanted when the pot is completely filled with the root system.

Known varieties of ficus lyre:

• Columnaris - tall variety, suitable for offices, clubs, restaurants, requires a lot of space, fast growing;
• Little Fiddle - a medium-sized plant, suitable for spacious living rooms;
• Bambino - ideally fits into a small apartment, as it has a compact size.

Grade Amstel Gold

This is a tree-like variety of ficus native to South Asia. The evergreen tree has long narrow drooping leaves, grows quite quickly. Sometimes this species is called willow ficus for its resemblance to willow. Ficus Ali is thermophilic and does not tolerate cold and drafts at all. There is no pronounced dormant period. Since the plant continues to grow in winter, it needs lighting.

This ficus is suitable for shaping and keeping in the form of bonsai, but because the leaves are quite large, for proportionality it is grown taller than traditional bonsai. To increase the stability of the plant, it is desirable to establish a support. You can propagate by cuttings, which take root without problems. Suitable for keeping in rooms and in the winter garden. Perfectly complements the interior in Asian style.

The most popular varieties:

• Alii - distinguished by a dark brown color of the trunk with white strokes;
• Amstel Queen - a more light-loving variety, leaf plates are wider than other varieties;
• Amstel Gold - very spectacular leaves of variegated color, the main background is light green, dark green areas are dispersed across it.

Grade Variegata (Variegata)

The plant is native to Southeast Asia. The name arose because of the shape of the leaves in the form of a triangle, a variety of shapes. An adult ficus grows in the form lush bush with many aerial roots. The bark is grey-brown. Branches may be slightly tortuous. Leaves resembling a triangle with rounded edges are covered on the outside with light dots. There are several small black spots on the underside of the leaves.

In home care, ficus is thermophilic and loves spraying. Should receive enough light. If he likes the conditions, he increases a large mass aerial roots. Often cultivated as bonsai. It is a slow growing species.

Common varieties:

• Natali Trinova - has larger uniform leaves;
• Variegata is a beautiful variegated variety, quite rare.

Ampel ficuses

F. Variegata

Leaves 4-5 cm in size are located on drooping shoots, elongated shape. Breeders bred variegated varieties. This ficus loves heat and water very much. Even a short-term drying of an earthen coma is unacceptable, the plant may die from this. This type of ficus also does not tolerate dry air.

It is best to keep it in a small aquarium or greenhouse, where it is easy to maintain high humidity.

When creating a composition inside the aquarium, you can place a natural snag along which the shoots can climb up. This ficus does not tolerate the sun's rays. Grows well in bright diffused light or artificial lighting.

It has a variety of F. variegata with a cream border around the edge of the leaves.

Variety White Sunny

The small-leaved species is native to China and Japan. An unusual ficus, not at all like other species, it is also called tiny ficus. It can be grown as an ampelous, creeping and climbing plant. Thin shoots can grow up to 5 meters long. It can grow to the soil with adventitious roots. The support needs fixing.

The leaves grow in the form of hearts measuring 2.5 cm with corrugated edges. Young leaves are initially asymmetrical in shape. With age, the leaves become larger, as they continue to constantly grow. Breeders brought out a mini form with leaves no more than 0.7 cm in length and variegated varieties of dwarf ficus. The plant does not tolerate direct sun. Shoot growth accelerates in a warm room with high humidity.

Common varieties and varieties:

• Ficus pumila var. Macrophylla - has larger leaves compared to other variations;
• Ficus pumila var. Awkeotsang - characterized by the appearance of elongated fruits;
• Ficus pumila var. Quercifolia - the leaves of this plant have an oak-like shape;
• White Sunny - variegated variety with light edging;
• Dorte - there are golden blotches on the leaves

ficus palmeri

Such ficuses in room culture are grown as trees with a thickened bottom trunk. This is possible due to their special structure. These ficuses are native to drylands and grow in Mexico and southern California. Caudex (thickened Bottom part stem) these plants need in order to accumulate a supply of moisture inside. At the top, the trunk remains narrow.

In home culture, bottle ficuses need wide, low pots, since their root system is superficial.

When planting, a drainage layer of 4-5 centimeters is required. In winter, these ficuses are recommended to arrange a dormant period, gradually reducing watering. In the spring, the transition to normal mode watering should be smooth. In summer, the plants are watered abundantly, but not too often.

The most famous types:

• Ficus petiolaris - the brightest representative of caudex ficuses, a large plant with heart-shaped leaves 10-15 cm in size, characterized by unpretentiousness and rapid growth;
• Ficus palmeri - has light green glossy leaves with an elongated heart-shaped shape, often grown in the form of bonsai, caudex is formed only when grown from seeds.

ficus trees

This species, from its own aerial roots, eventually forms support trunks, the so-called banyan trees, which have one large crown and grow in nature for many kilometers. Let's talk about the most prominent representatives of this species.

ficus carica

Figs are also called figs, figs, figs. It has a very wide range of growth from the Mediterranean to South Africa. Known to mankind for many centuries, according to legend, it was the leaves of the fig tree that Adam and Eve covered themselves in paradise. In some cultures it is considered a sacred tree (among Muslims, Jews, Buddhists). Has edible fruits.

Ficus sacred or religious (Ficus religiosa)

This species is native to Southeast Asia. In India, this tree is revered, believing that under its shadow the Buddha attained enlightenment. The most famous ancient specimen is supposedly about 3 thousand years old.

In nature, it grows up to 30 meters and, with age, overgrows with aerial roots that form props. It is deciduous. In culture, it hardly tolerates dry air and heat. Can drop leaves in such conditions. Sacred ficus is able to predict weather changes, forming droplets of moisture on the leaves when atmospheric pressure changes.

Ficus var. Krishnae

Sometimes this type of ficus is simply called banyan. In nature, it can be found in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan. In ancient manuscripts, it was called the symbol of immortality, the sacred banyan tree. The tree continuously grows in breadth, constantly forming additional trunks. Ficus Bengal begins its life as an epiphyte. Having reached the ground with aerial roots, the plant roots them and turns them into powerful trunks, with which it then strangles the host tree.

It has the following varieties and varieties:

• var. Benghalensis - leaves with distinct venation, forming a dark pattern on the leaf plate;
• var. Krishnae - named after Krishna, has pronounced light veins on funnel-shaped leaves;
• Audrey - A variety with narrower leaves with white specks on the upper side, well suited for bonsai.

Grandma's ficus in a pot has many varieties and varieties. Now the ficus is again experiencing a wave of popularity. And there are new varieties with a variety of decorative leaves.

Do you have ficus?

For flower growers, ficus is a real gift and not too whimsical indoor culture. Having settled in a room or in a house, he pleases the eye with his green or variegated leaves. different sizes and forms. This flower is very popular among both experienced and beginner flower growers.

Types of ficuses for the home with photos

In the world there are numerous varieties of ficus - several thousand. Originally from the tropics, where growing conditions are quite harsh, these plants are able to tolerate drought, high temperatures, and can grow on rocks and even rooftops. Ficus trees reach a height of several meters, and indoor ones can be both ampelous and grown using the bonsai technique, delighting the owners with an evergreen crown.

In the list of a huge number of representatives of this genus, there are about two dozen indoor. We present you ficuses and their varieties with photos and names so that you can choose the cutest for your home or office.

Ficus elastica (rubber)

Perhaps this is the most popular species that came to us from West Africa, Burma and India and the most unpretentious, which does not require much attention. AT room conditions it reaches 2 m in height, the trunk is tree-like, it can produce aerial "roots-props". This type of tropical plant cannot boast of a lush crown - its branches are quite rare, but the leaves are large, leathery, dense, as if covered with wax. By purchasing Ficus Elastica, you can not worry about the lighting in the room. Ficus rubber well survives penumbra, but is picky about watering. If the earth ball regularly dries out too much, the flower sheds its leaves. Its color can be either bright green or paler with spots resembling opaline. Ficus elastica loves to spray and bathe. At this time, its dense leaves are rubbed with a sponge on both sides.

Ficus Pumila (dwarf)

He came to Russia from China and Japan, where ampel cultures are very popular. Numerous shoots 5 cm long with a huge number of leaves diverge from the main trunk to the sides. Growing, the shoots take root due to the "air" roots that reach the ground and give new shoots. With regular pruning, you can create various crown shapes, which will very soon cover the entire surface of the pot and window sill. Ampelous ficuses, like many others, do not tolerate direct sunlight, leaving burns on the leaves.

Ficus Benjamina (Benjamina)

Diverse indoor ficuses have original shapes. This species is more like a dwarf tree or even a shrub. Its trunk has a small height, but Ficus Benjamina pleases with a lush crown, which, with proper pruning, turns into an oval or round bush. This genus includes plants with green leaves, such as:

• exotic;
• Natasha;
• Daniel.

And with variegated leaves:

• Anastasia;
• Starlight;
• Kinki.

Experienced flower growers create graceful unusual compositions, weaving trunks in one pot different types. Ficus Benjamina can reach 2m in height.

Ficus Lirata (lyre-shaped)

Suitable for those who have large apartments or spacious rooms in the house. Ficus Lyre-shaped does not like close proximity to other home flowers. Its large shoots, which, with proper care, can reach 50 cm in length, are shaped like a violin or lyre, hence the name of the flower. In order for the indoor tree to grow better, it should be watered with warm water, regularly sprayed and wiped with leaves, often, at least once every 2-3 weeks, fertilize with mineral fertilizers. The leaves of this flower are streaked with light green veins, and the appearance of spots can be a sign of root rot or other diseases. Lirata is propagated by cuttings.

Ficus Binnendijkii (Bennendika)

In its homeland - the island of Java, this species reaches a height of about 20 m, and with its long, narrow shoots it resembles a willow familiar to our climate. In room conditions, the flower grows very quickly. For stability, he needs a support, which is installed directly into the ground next to the trunk. Narrow leaves 30 cm long hang down, forming a beautiful crown geometry.

Advice. If this indoor culture is not properly located in the room, it will be impossible to achieve its healthy growth. Ficus Binnendijkii absolutely does not tolerate drafts, and even a short-term drop in temperature can lead to its death.

Benedica is well propagated by cuttings. A healthy plant regularly sheds the lower leaves. The fall of the upper part of the crown may indicate a disease or improper care.

Ficus deltoidea

A beautiful shrub or tree that is easy to grow at home. Proper care behind it is:

• in creating high humidity;
• in regular spraying;
• in the application of mineral fertilizers every six months.

The plant is very thermophilic, the optimum indoor air temperature for it is at least 21-22 degrees. Grows slowly. The shoots are round, deltoid, covered with a glossy skin, are dark green in color, and fading in color may indicate improper care or insufficient watering. A feature of Deltoidea is yellow-green fruits that form on shoots. The culture was brought from Southeast Asia, where it is more common in the form of a tree, reaching a height of 5-6 m.

Ficus Benghalensis (Bengali)

A very spectacular indoor culture, whose birthplace is India. In this country, the flower is called the Sacred Banyan because of its rare shape. growing in natural conditions tree, gives many roots. They descend from the shoots, take root and, having reached the ground, turn into a huge massive natural creature, which sometimes covers an area of ​​​​several hectares.

The leaves of the ficus Bengal are quite large - up to 30 cm in length, often twisted into a tube and blooming as they grow, arranged in a spiral around a tree-like stem. Their color is light green, and a clear white vein runs through the center, from which several side “stripes” extend to the edges.

The most unpretentious variety for growing in an apartment is Audrey (Audrey). Ficus Benghalensis is great for bonsai. From its shoots, roots gradually begin to branch off, descending to the ground. With careful watering, sufficient moisture and stable warm temperature air, reach the substrate and take root very quickly, forming another trunk.

Ficus Microcarpa (Microcarpa)

A magnificent bonsai plant that can grow up to 1.5 m in height at room conditions. A bright green crown on an intricately woven twisting tree-like stem looks very impressive in a room. The leaves of the ficus Microcarp are small (5-8 cm), but growing very close to each other.

Advice. To form beautiful crown in the form of bonsai, flower growers are advised to cut the leaves as soon as their number on the shoot reaches 6-10 pieces, leaving no more than 3-4 of the most healthy ones.

The trunk of Microcarpa is covered with thin bark with small tuberculate formations. Easily tolerates dryness in apartments during heating season, and caring for it consists in timely watering and spraying, so today it is becoming very popular among amateur flower growers.

For growing a plant in the form of a bonsai, the Panda variety is best suited, and for the formation of a shrub, Moclaim, the crown of which is distinguished by rigidity and a bright, saturated green color.

Ficus Carica (Carica or Fig)

This plant belongs to the mulberry family. At different times in numerous countries where it was grown, Ficus Carica was awarded different names - fig, fig tree, fig tree, wine berry. The main decorative feature is small fruits that have a bright orange color after ripening. The culture is easily formed in the form of bonsai, thanks to numerous layering, which quickly take root with sufficient watering.

Advice. If you want Karika to bear fruits that undoubtedly make it more attractive, you should create optimal conditions for it - a spacious room (preferably a winter garden), abundant watering, high humidity and warmth.

This is one of the few species that requires wintering for normal growth. During this period, it is placed away from heating appliances, and sometimes even cleaned in a closet or basement, until the first shoots begin to appear on the plant. On the winter period Ficus Carica can shed its crown completely.

Young ficuses of this species are transplanted every year, changing the pot to a slightly larger diameter. Adult plants can perfectly exist without transplantation for several years - from 5 to 7. Karika easily spreads by shoots, cuttings, and when fruiting, you can achieve ripening of berries and, having received seeds, plant them in the ground. At the same time, any type of reproduction requires the creation of abundant soil moisture and greenhouse conditions (covering with a film).

Growing and caring for these exotic crops is really not very good. difficult process. They are responsive to care and creating an optimal atmosphere, they will delight with a beautiful, healthy crown, strong trunk and original leaf colors. The ficuses presented in this article with photos and descriptions are the most popular in cultural floriculture. Observing all the conditions for their cultivation, you can achieve the appearance in your apartment of a unique, exclusive and very beautiful plant.

ficus (Ficus) belongs to the Tutov family. It is a light-loving, shade-tolerant, deciduous ornamental plant. To date, this plant is one of the most common among indoor flowers, is especially popular with flower growers and beginners. According to various literary sources, the genus Ficus includes from 800 to 1000 species of evergreen, deciduous shrubs and woody vines. But only 20 types of ficus are considered indoor. Ficus grows in tropical and subtropical regions of various continents - America, Australia, Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean, on the islands and coasts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

It is known that most types of ficus in nature reach a huge size, these are thick branched trees that give a dense shade. There is such a fact, for example, in Bengal there are specimens that with their crown are able to cover an area of ​​​​1 hectare.

Indoor ficuses are considered long-lived and, having planted such a wonderful plant on your windowsill, you will admire the plant for a long time. The leaves of the ficus are the most diverse in thickness and shape, as well as in color.

In the Buddhist tradition, the ficus is considered a cosmic tree, it is called the "tree of enlightenment" or "Bo".

Now your attention is given a description and characteristics of the most common types of ficus that are grown indoors.

Ficus rubbery Ficus elastica

(Ficus elastica) , is a large and branching shrub.

Leaf characteristics: the leaves are beautiful, dense, 30 to 45 cm long, oblong-oval, pointed at the ends. Growing at home under optimal conditions, the plant turns into a tree up to 2 meters high. Mature leaves are green coloring, but the leaves of young plants have a bronze color. This type of plant will fit perfectly for landscaping winter gardens, foyers and shop windows. In winter gardens, small figs appear on old individuals - they are inedible.

The Himalayas, Burma, Nepal, the tropics of India, Sri Lanka, and West Africa are considered to be the birthplace of rubber ficus. In these zones, the tree can grow up to 25-30 meters high. With historical facts it is known that in the 19th century they learned to grow an narrow-leaved form. Variegated forms are harder to grow than green forms.

In astrology, the ficus rubber plant is the plant of Capricorn, and affects a person on a physical and emotional level.

Your attention is given to the most common forms of rubber ficus:

1. Ficus Robusta - they have powerful and wide leaves, dark green in color.
2. Ficus variegate - on the leaves are light yellow, white stripes and spots, there are also pink shades.
3. Ficus Black Prince (Ficus "Black Prince") is very appearance similar to robusta, almost black leaves.
4. Ficus doescheri The leaves have a red midrib.
5. Ficus schrijvereana - there is a complex marble pattern on the leaves.
6. Ficus tricolor - cream spots of the plant, as well as light pink stains on green leaves.
7. Ficus elastica variegata – sheet plate with cream edges.
8. Ficus diversifolia - the bush grows slowly, 1 meter high. The leaves are covered with brown spots.

When caring for such forms of rubbery ficus, it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the leaf plate.

Be careful, if a leaf or cutting is damaged, the ficus releases poison.

During the dormant period, with excess moisture or too dry soil, rubber ficus can shed its leaves.

Ficus benjamina Ficus benjamina

(Ficus benjamina) , is it a large spreading bush or small tree with dense foliage, stems penetrating. The leaves are small, elongated and pointed at the ends. Their length is from 3 to 8 cm, they are oval, hard, mono and variegated, waxy in appearance. Under natural conditions, this form allows excess moisture to drain during the monsoon period. Ficus Benjamin has thin and weak shoots, they need to be formed so that the plant looks neat. Shoots can stretch without formation, the bush will be one-sided. Ficus Benjamin normally tolerates a haircut, only the cut points must be treated with crushed coal. There are times when several plants are planted in one pot, as they grow, their trunks intertwine into a “pigtail”.

The popularity of this flower is growing very much, as the flower fits perfectly into modern interior.

Ficus lyre-shaped Ficus lyrata

(Ficus lyrata) , this is a small tree or shrub of impressive size. Has dense petioles. Upright and not very branched.

Leaf characteristics: the leaves are hard, 25-45 cm long, bright green in color, with relief light veins, have a wax coating and wavy edges. Shaped like a guitar. Leaves are slightly hairy when young. There are no aerial roots. The plant needs good lighting. Burns may occur if exposed to direct sunlight.

ficus pumila

Ficus pumila Ficus pumila

Ficus dwarf or pumila(Ficus pumila) , decorative climbing small-leaved species (ampelous species). The plant is perennial, does not shed its leaves, the stems are flexible, wiry, give layering. The length of the leaves is from 2 to 5 cm, in shape - heart-shaped, thin, in color - green, matte on a thin stem. Young shoots are asymmetric plates. The length of the shoots is up to 5 m, if the plant is propagated vegetatively with such shoots, then in the future the asymmetry will remain in the adult plant. China and Japan are considered to be the birthplace of pumila.

Ficus Bengal Ficus benghalensis

(Ficus benghalensis), in other words "The World Tree", is a symbol of endless reward and immortality. evergreen tree has spreading and powerful branches. Aerial roots are long, formed in natural conditions. The bark of the ficus bengal is smooth, grayish-brown in color. By color, the leaves of the Bengal ficus are dark green; oval in shape, with a sharp tip. The leaves are dense and velvety, 15-25 cm long with large quantity vein. Ficus Bengal in a pot grows up to 3 m in height. This flower needs a spacious room.

Mulberry family. This is one of the most common indoor plants.

In nature, ficuses are trees and shrubs, grow in dense forests under rain, wind and sun, and are very hardy. But at home, ficuses are much more tender - they do not tolerate drafts, waterlogging of the soil and direct bright sun. Ficus variegated varieties are more photophilous, they need shading only in the hottest time of the day, from about 11 am to 3 pm.

In winter, ficuses tolerate room temperature well, but need good lighting, so if the plant pots do not fit on the windowsill and are moved into the room, you need to arrange the backlight with fluorescent or LED lamps. And variegated forms, such as Ficus Benjamin, can stand on the southern windowsill all winter. With a lack of lighting in winter, weak shoots are formed, internodes are lengthened, there are few leaves, branches reach for the light and the crown looks one-sided.

Ficuses propagate by cuttings. From the shoot, you can get as many cuttings as there are leaves on it. The propagating stalk should consist of one leaf with an intact eye and half of the lower internode without an eye. After cutting the cutting, it is dipped in warm water to stop the secretion of milky juice. For better rooting, a cut or split is made at the bottom of the cutting (for a cutting with hard wood it is cross-shaped, for a cutting with soft wood there is one cut). It is better to root the cuttings with soil heating and covering the cutting with a plastic bag.

For all ficuses, such a soil mixture is best suited - 2 parts of leaf, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of humus. Ficuses do not like to be planted in a dish much larger than their root system, so they are transplanted when the roots are supposed to fill the entire pot or tub. At the same time, ficuses grow quite quickly, therefore, the soil during transplantation should be nutritious, in addition, fertilizing is carried out in spring and summer (they respond well to fertilizing with organic fertilizers, rotted cow dung or fertilizer "Giant"). Ficuses can also be fed with fertilizers such as "Rainbow" and "Palm". Old specimens of large ficuses are transplanted very rarely - after 5-6 years. But it needs to be replaced every year. upper layer land for a new one. You should also replace the top layer of the earth if a white crust appears on it - a salt coating.

Types of ficuses

The first place of honor among the various types of ficuses is occupied by rubber-bearing Ficus or Ficus elastica. Ficus Benjamin, Ficus lyre, Ficus Bengal, Ficus dwarf, etc. are also very popular. The secret of such popularity is the unpretentiousness of ficuses in general and the individual beauty of each species:

• ficus elastica - a large monumental plant, very shade-tolerant;
• benjamin's ficus in shape is a miniature tree, easily shaped by pruning, splicing trunks, its branches easily bend and accept any forum;
• lyre-shaped ficus - a proud single plant with shiny leathery leaves;
• ficus Ali (binnendika) - its appearance resembles a willow tree, it never grows and also branches well;
• ficus dwarf - excellent ground cover or ampelous plant.

Ficus rubbery Ficus elastica

It has several varieties that differ in the shape and color of the leaves. Particularly spectacular varieties with yellow spots and stripes on the leaves. Some varieties branch well, have a fairly compact shape, others are reluctant to form side shoots and strive to grow.

At home, rubber ficus is undemanding to air humidity and tolerant of lack of light. We advise you to pay Special attention on the proper watering and caring for growing shoots that can reach several meters and bend intricately. It is necessary to form a crown in a timely manner, tying up the stems or periodically cutting them off and rooting.

Ficus rubber care

Ficus elastica is not demanding in care, it is important to choose the right place, especially for large specimens - so that it is light and does not fry from batteries; do not water excessively and periodically wipe the leaves from dust.

Temperature

Preferably moderate, not below 18°C. They like to "keep their feet warm" - do not put a ficus pot on cold windowsill, marble or tile floor, etc. In an above-moderate temperature room, the leaves begin to hang down.

Lighting

All varieties of ficus elastica prefer a bright place, protected from direct sunlight during the midday hours. Variegated forms need a lighter and warmer place than dark-leaved forms.

Watering

Ficus rubber-bearing watering loves moderate, does not tolerate waterlogging of the soil. Water room temperature, better defended. Top dressing with fertilizers from March to August in two weeks.

Ficus benjamina Ficus benjamina

Small-leaved compact tree with a dense crown. The branches of Ficus Benjamin in old plants, 8-10 years old, droop, and give the tree a special attraction. At home, it grows up to 1.5-2 m in height.

Ficus benjamin care

Temperature

Moderate, optimal within 20-25°C, in winter it is possible to keep at lower temperatures of about 16-18°C, with limited watering, limit 10°C with dry content.

Lighting

Ficus benjamina loves light, especially variegated varieties, but protected from direct sunlight in the afternoon. In spring and summer, an east window is suitable, where the sun is in the morning or evening. But in central Russia for the period from September to January, the southern or southwestern window is ideal for him. With a lack of light in winter, the ficus can leaf fall.

Watering

Ficus benjamin has moisture-retaining thickenings on the roots, therefore it does not tolerate waterlogging, it must be well dried before the next watering. If the roots of a ficus dry for a very long time after watering, rotting may begin: the plant simultaneously throws off a large number of leaves, some lose their color, turn yellow, others fly around still green.

Ficus Ali (binnendika) Ficus binnendijkii "Alii"

Ali is the most popular variety of ficus binnendik Ficus binnendijkii, which is also found under the name "willowleaf ficus". The leaves of this ficus in shape really resemble willow, but this vernacular name and not botanical.

At good care ficus Ali at home reaches 1.5 m in height and about 70-80 cm in diameter. You should not put this ficus on the floor: firstly, it is dark, the lower part of the trunk will begin to become bare, and secondly, it is always colder on the floor, the earth in the pot dries longer and the roots can rot if watered too plentifully.

Ficus Ali Care

Temperature

Moderate, optimal in the range of 20-25°C, in winter it is possible to keep at lower temperatures of about 16-18°C, with limited watering, the limit is 13°C with a dry content. With sudden changes in temperature, it can drop leaves.

Lighting

Bright diffused light, light partial shade. With an acute lack of light, the shoots stretch out, the leaves thin out. From direct sunlight in the hot afternoon can get burns. Ficus Ali with green leaves is more shade tolerant than many other types of ficus. But variegated varieties like 'Amstel Gold' need more intense light, with some morning or evening sunlight.

Watering

In summer, the ficus is watered moderately, the topsoil should dry well to a depth of about 1/2 the height of the pot. In winter, when light and temperature decrease, watering is limited, allowing the earth to dry out almost completely.

Ficus lyre-shaped Ficus lirata

Lyre-shaped ficus Ficus lirata - is distinguished by its large leaves, similar in shape to an inverted violin. Its leaves reach a length of 50-60 cm. He loves loneliness, you should not put him close to other plants.

This ficus is not often seen in flower shops, but it is wonderful - the leaves are leathery, directed upwards, have an interesting shape. The ficus itself grows slowly, with good care it does not become bare from below. A real decoration of a spacious office or hall. Ficus lyre-shaped at home does not branch well, often grows in one trunk, at the age of 4-5 years it can produce side shoots.

Ficus lyre care

Temperature

In summer, ordinary indoor, does not like extreme heat, in winter it is optimally 18-20 ° C, limit 12 ° C. Does not like soil cooling after watering!

Lighting

A bright place, protected from direct sunlight in spring and summer from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Watering

Moderate, the soil should have time to dry out before the next watering. Water at room temperature, well settled. Top dressing with fertilizers from April to August in two weeks.

Ficus dwarf Ficus pumila

fast growing, small-leaved ficus, completely unlike all other types of ficuses. You can grow it as an ampelous plant, you can tie it to a support so that it stretches up.

The main care for the ficus is to tie up the support, timely transplant and water, fertilize with fertilizers. Ficus responds well to hot showers as a preventive measure against ticks.

Ficus pumila care

Temperature

Moderate, optimal in the range of 20-25°C, in winter it is possible to keep at lower temperatures of about 12-14°C, with limited watering, the limit is 8°C with a dry content. Although under natural conditions the tiny ficus can withstand even more low temperature, and even small frosts, when growing at home, it’s not worth the risk - protect the plants from drafts.

Lighting

Ficus pumila grows well in bright diffused light with some sunlight. An east and west window is suitable, shading is required only at noon. Grows well in artificial light. The variegated ficus is more photophilous. If the ficus lacks light, it can grow new shoots without leaves.

Watering

Pretty plentiful in summer, this is a rare ficus that does not tolerate complete drying of the earth, it should always be slightly damp, but have time to dry from above for the next watering by about a quarter of the height of the pot. In winter, the ficus is watered less often, with the drying of the earth at half the height of the pot.

Ficus turns yellow

The first reason that can cause yellowing of the leaves is a violation of watering.

The leaves turn yellow if the plant has not been watered for a long time, while they fall off one by one. In ficuses with large leaves, when dried, the lower leaves turn yellow first of all, in small-leaved ones - in different areas crowns.

When waterlogged, excessive watering, ficus leaves also turn yellow, but the main difference is this: when dry, the leaves turn yellow slowly and fall off one at a time, when overflowing they turn yellow faster and fall off en masse: in large-leaved 2-4 pieces at a time, in small-leaved ones - 20 each -30 leaves per day.

Do not rely on your own memory, but dig up the earth and touch it in the depths of the pot.

To avoid waterlogging the soil: if water remains in the pan after watering, it must be drained. In winter, water less often than in spring and summer.

Make good drainage when transplanting in a pot. If there is no expanded clay, then they put a broken red brick - it collects excess water well. Add pieces of birch charcoal to the soil - they prevent the processes of decay. And add a few tablespoons of vermiculite to the soil.

Ficus diseases

New leaves become smaller, old ones turn yellow and fall off - the plant is not enough nutrients, need to be transplanted into nutrient soil.

Yellow spots appear on the leaves or the edges of the leaves turn yellow, the leaves fall prematurely - with excessive watering.

Watering should be moderate, i.e. the soil should have time to dry out.

Also, with excessive watering, the leaves wilt, become lifeless and fall off.

Dry shriveled leaves in ficuses - more often in ampelous forms - too dry air, overdrying of the soil, sunburn.

Sudden leaf fall - in different species it can be caused by different reasons - waterlogging of the soil in rubber-bearing and lyre-shaped ficuses, lack of light or a sharp change in climate in benjamin ficus.

Also, this phenomenon can be caused by watering. cold water, low room temperature, lack of light, excess nutrients in the soil, or a cold draft. Good results in such cases gives spraying with Epin's solution.

Falling of the lower leaves - it is believed that the fall of the lower leaves in tree-like forms of ficuses is a natural phenomenon (very typical for ficuses in room conditions), but this is not entirely true, the lower leaves naturally fall off periodically during aging, but the trunk, nevertheless, should not be completely naked. Baring of the trunk occurs due to untimely transplantation, transplantation into poor soil, lack of top dressing, violation of temperature and light conditions.

Brown spots on the tips and edges of the leaves - If the room temperature is too high, the air is dry, or when overfertilizing.

For lyre-shaped ficus and dwarf ficus, overdrying of the soil is dangerous. If you forget them during the watering of the leaves and the shoots dry.

The loss of variegated leaf color in many species of ficus occurs due to lack of light or sunlight.

In some varieties, it is almost impossible to completely restore variegation, for example, the Safari variety very often turns into an ordinary green ficus.

Ficus pests

It is quite difficult to detect any pest on variegated ficuses - their traces are masked by the natural color of the leaves. Therefore, if the ficus began to shed its leaves, take a magnifying glass and carefully inspect them on both sides.

Scale insects: look like brown plaques on the surface of leaves, petioles and stems, suck out cell sap. Leaves lose color, dry and fall off.

Control measures. For mechanical cleaning of pests, the leaves are wiped with a soapy sponge. Then spray the plant with Actellik solution (1-2 ml per liter of water) or water and spray with Actara solution.

Spider mite: small discolored spots appear on the leaves at first, if you look at the leaf clearance, pinpoint punctures are visible. Gradually, the leaves turn yellow and dry out. With a strong lesion, a cobweb is visible in the internodes and on the back of the leaves.

Control measures. You can use drugs such as Fitoverm, Aktofit, Agravertin, Akarin - at the rate of 10 ml per 1 liter of water, or Vertimek (1 ml per 1 liter of water). The treatment must be repeated after 3-5 days - if the weather is hot or warm (26-24 degrees) and after 7 days if the air temperature is 20 degrees and below, since these drugs do not kill tick eggs.

Thrips - contribute to the appearance heat and low air humidity. On the underside of the leaf, thrips lays numerous colonies, and light dots appear on the upper side of the leaf. As a result, the upper side of the leaf becomes grayish-brown with a silvery sheen.

Control measures. The plant should be sprayed, if necessary, repeatedly with insecticides (fitoverm, decis, actellik, inta-vir).

Read more about pests of indoor plants in the section "pests"

Ficus fertilizer

General rule: fertilizing with fertilizers for decorative and deciduous plants at a dose recommended by the manufacturer.

Do not feed overdried plants, those that were flooded froze

Do not feed ficuses for a month after transplanting, during the winter months and very hot days in summer. Do not overdo the fertilizer.

Ficuses need to be fed from April to August, once every two weeks with special fertilizer for indoor plants.

Suitable fertilizers such as "Giant", "Ideal", "Uniflor growth", "Rainbow" and others.

Ficus tiny must be fed carefully, as it, despite the fact that it grows quickly when too large doses of fertilizer are applied, loses leaves.

Read more about houseplant fertilizers in the Fertilizers section.

Types of ficuses differ in color, shape, size of leaves, so by looking at the photo and description you will learn how to distinguish them.

This ficus is sold in almost every specialized store. It is also called the ficus tree. The plant is native to West Africa, India and Nepal.

At home, rubber ficuses began to be grown in the very early XIX century.

Benjamina grows at the foot of the mountains and in tropical forests, where high humidity. The height of the tree is over 15 meters.

IMPORTANT: If Benjamin is kept at home, then it is necessary to ensure that the plant is not too long in the draft. Light is especially important to him.

When Benjamin starts active growth, then its trunks are intertwined with a pigtail.

The homeland of this ficus is Taiwan and tropical Asia. In nature, its height reaches 20 meters, and sometimes even more.

At home, the plant needs careful lighting, otherwise it will not grow.

Initially, the growth of a blunt ficus is similar to an epiphyte. After that, it becomes like a banyan tree.

It is believed that there are no analogues of Ginseng in the whole world. Its vowel distinguishing feature is the root, which most of all resembles the root of a fabulous mandrake.

ATTENTION: Grow this type of ficus at home from scratch without special equipment and the required skills are almost non-existent.

However, in many stores, Ginseng is freely available, so you can buy it and fully grow the plant in your home.

This type of ficus has been very popular for more than a decade. Rezuta grows in the warm countries of Asia and can reach a height of more than 20 meters.

Even a novice florist can grow it at home or in the country, since the plant does not require any specific care.

However, Rezuta also has one drawback - this ficus grows incredibly slowly.

The full name of the plant is ficus de dumbbell. It differs in that it has leaves exclusively white color. It grows mainly in Japan and China in the subtropics.

If you properly care for the plant, then it will delight the grower with its beauty for a long time to come.

This small shrub slowly creeps along the ground or partially winds up a tree. In a creeping ficus, the shape of the leaves is rounded.

REFERENCE: Feels great in the shade. In excellent light, it quickly covers the entire form that is nearby.

The plant requires abundant and regular watering.

Another name for this ficus is banyan. It grows in South China, India, Malaysia, Burma and Thailand. Any novice florist can handle its cultivation.

At home, it can grow to a height of up to three meters.

It needs regular watering and bright light.

The full name of the ficus is Amstel King.

It reaches a height of more than 20 meters in natural conditions.

Direct sunlight is a guarantee successful growth Amstel King. It is impossible to fill the ficus, it can significantly damage it.

The shape of the leaves of this plant most of all resembles a violin or a lyre. That is why the ficus got its name.

In the people, the plant is called violin ficus.

REFERENCE: Tropical Africa is considered the birthplace of lyre-shaped ficus. Under natural conditions, plants can reach 30 meters in height.

More than 40,000,000 years ago, a species of this ficus appeared. Scientists are of the opinion that this plant is one of the most ancient that have survived to this day. Australia is considered the birthplace of large-leaved ficus.

On this continent, it reaches a height of 60 meters.

At home, it is much smaller, but it is not difficult to care for it.

This is a relatively small ficus, its height reaches about two meters. The Middle East is traditionally considered the birthplace of the plant.

In the summer, it is enough to water carica twice a week.

Ficus called Moklame can be found in many houses and apartments. It is not difficult to care for it, it fits into any interior and therefore is very popular.

Taiwan, Australia and China are the birthplace of the plant.

IMPORTANT: Watering is necessary constantly so that Moklame grows well.

Ampelous ficuses grow in China and India mainly in the tropics. They have small foliage, the length can be either 0.7 centimeters or reach 7 centimeters.

It is difficult to grow them at home, as they are distinguished by increased requirements for soil and air.

Moreover, the ampelous ficus must be constantly and properly watered.

Homeland is considered West Africa. It is enough to make a little effort, and even a novice amateur grower can grow this plant.

Under natural conditions, the height can reach 30 meters. At home, everything is much more modest - about 1 meter.

ADVICE: Direct sunlight is not recommended for triangular ficus.

Benedict grows in Africa in the tropics and subtropics. In nature, it can reach a height of about 20 meters.

You need to water regularly, it is recommended to feed twice a month.

It grows in Japan, China, Taiwan and Vietnam. Refers to dwarf species. Density and leatheriness are the hallmarks of ficus.

ADVICE: If you plant it indoors, the plant will purify the air.

For flower growers, due to the beauty and unpretentiousness in care, Pumila White Sunny causes only positive emotions.

The Philippines, Southeast Asia and India are the birthplace of Balsamina. The plant is unusually hardy and in nature reaches over 20 meters in height. heavy rains or strong winds ficus are not afraid.

However, at home, the plant must be carefully looked after, otherwise the plant may get sick.

Its peculiarity is a thin, smooth trunk and a lush, dark green crown.

REFERENCE: The scientific name - Ficus microcarpa, he received because of the miniature fruits that appear on it in the wild.

At home, neither flowering nor fruit can be obtained, since there are no conditions for its pollination. AT indoor floriculture grown most often in the Bonsai style.

Conclusion

To grow all types of ficuses, most often no specific knowledge and skills are required. The variety of plant species makes it possible even for beginner gardeners to enjoy the beauty of ficuses.