Where to install the motion sensor. Advantages and disadvantages of using

We make lighting in the apartment by motion sensor

• Smart House

Surely everyone has heard about smart home technology. One of the most popular applications of this technology in automatic lighting- for example, turning on and off the light when people enter or leave the room. In this article I would like to show that there is nothing supernatural in this, and anyone can realize this opportunity. So, let's try to connect to ordinary light bulb Ilyich in the corridor is a motion sensor, and we will make the lighting work depending on the presence of people in the room.

The LX-01 sensor, produced in China, was chosen as a motion sensor. The principle of its operation is quite simple - when motion is detected in a given area, the sensor closes the circuit, due to which the electrical appliances connected to the sensor turn on. As soon as movement in the monitored area stops, the sensor opens the circuit, turning off the connected devices. The sensor can be adjusted using 3 regulators that are located on its body. The first regulator is responsible for the sensitivity of the sensor. At maximum sensitivity, the sensor will be triggered at the slightest movement, at minimum - only with a very noticeable movement. The second knob sets the time during which the sensor "holds" the circuit after the last motion detection. That is, as soon as the movement in the room has stopped, the sensor will not immediately turn off the light, but will wait for the set time. The last regulator is responsible for the level of illumination at which the sensor will work. After all, it makes no sense to turn on the light by a motion sensor if the room is already light.

The described motion sensor is not the only one of its kind. Now there are many motion sensors, various as appearance, as well as the functions performed. When choosing a motion sensor, you need to clearly understand where and why it is planned to be installed. For example, I bought the specified motion sensor specifically for installation in the corridor, where all people only pass from one room to another, without lingering for a long time. But for example, such a motion sensor would not fit in the bathroom. Why? Yes, because it only reacts to movement. Therefore, if you lie in a bath with a bunch of foam, listening to music, then you will do it in the dark - after all, there is no movement. So, choose your room carefully.

After choosing the model of the motion sensor and the room for installation, you also need to choose a good location for the sensor. The sensor must respond to all movements in the room, and at the same time it must not work falsely. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the layout of the premises - doors, windows, ways of movement of people, large furniture- all this affects the choice of location for installation. My corridor has the following layout:

The plan shows that there are 4 doors in the corridor and not a single window. By the way, the absence of windows is more of a plus than a minus - after all, the motion sensor does not have to be adjusted to different levels of illumination in the room, since we know that the room is always dark. The presence of doors on each side of the corridor makes it difficult to choose an installation site. If you have a free wall, then the sensor must be mounted in one of its corners. Why does it have to be in the corner of the room? Because this sensor has a view of 120 degrees. If you put it in the middle of the wall, then its corners will fall into the dead zone, which is not good. Given all these parameters, we obtain the following sensor layout:

The scheme of connecting the sensor to the mains is presented in the instructions for the sensor. It looks like this:

My experiments showed that it is impossible to connect the wires differently than in the diagram - the sensor with a characteristic pop fails :)

When installing the sensor, it was decided to slightly complicate the circuit by adding a control switch to it, which, in the open state, would not interfere with the motion sensor, and in the closed state, turn on the lighting regardless of the sensor. You can think of several examples when lighting in a room is needed even when there is no one in it, but this is not the point. Therefore, it was decided to connect a conventional light switch to the motion sensor. In this case, the scheme will take the following form:

Now you need to ring all the wires and connect the motion sensor to the mains. We take a tester and call each contact. We connect the wire passing from the switch to the lamp to the red contact of the sensor. We connect the brown contact of the sensor to the wire located on the other side of the switch. Now we take a wire suitable for lighting device not from the side of the lamp and connect to the blue wire of the sensor.

Important! Observe all safety precautions when working with electrical wiring. Turn off the power supply to the apartment, arm yourself with rubber gloves. At the end of the work, carefully inspect the wires, insulate all bare areas.

When you finish connecting the sensor, all that remains is to attach it to the wall in the chosen place. You need to fix the sensor almost immediately under the ceiling so that the view is better. Then you need to check the operation of the sensor - enter the room, the light should turn on. Then leave the room, evaluate the interval before the sensor turns off. If the sensor did not work, then you may have made a mistake in the installation. If it does not always work, try changing its settings - for example, set the sensitivity to maximum. I recommend setting the time before shutdown to about 6-10 seconds.

Initially, motion tracking systems were intended to protect the territory and important objects. Nowadays, motion sensors are used everywhere to turn on the light. This electronic device allows you to save up to 85 percent of electricity. Consider the basic principles of operation of the device, its types and installation procedure.

The sensor will not only help turn on the light, but also warn of unwanted guests

The tracking device monitors the area covered by the field of view. The territory is limited not only by the angle of the device, but also by the range of the sensor.

Note! For effective work the sensor is located in a place that provides maximum visibility.

How the sensor works

The device fixes the level of infrared radiation. If an object that has the temperature of a living being appears in its field of responsibility, the device receives several impulses that act on the circuit and turn on the lighting. As soon as the impulses stop coming, the circuit breaks and the electricity goes out.

Below is a sample motion sensor circuit for lighting.

Advantages and disadvantages of using sensors

Thanks to the indoor or outdoor light sensor to turn on the light, there is no need to frantically search in pitch darkness or search for keys in a bag.

Types of motion tracking devices

Motion sensors can be divided into two categories:

• installation location: outdoor and indoor appliances;
• alarm type: ultrasonic, infrared, microwave, combined.

Outdoor sensors control a given perimeter and are intended mainly for large adjoining spaces and outbuildings. Their response radius reaches five hundred meters.

Related article:

Installation this device allows you to automate lighting depending on the time of day. How is such a device arranged and how does it work? Read more in a dedicated post.

Helpful information! Thanks to street motion sensors, no special signaling devices are required to protect the perimeter. They will work as soon as an outsider approaches the protected area. An attacker will not dare to invade the illuminated area.

Internal sensors are designed for indoor operation. They are unstable to a sharp temperature drop and the active effects of ultraviolet radiation.

Ultrasonic devices

The principle of operation of such a product is based on the reflection of ultrasonic waves from the surfaces of objects. This not difficult process, named after the Austrian physicist Doppler, makes it easy to calculate moving objects by changing the pulse frequency. In such a sensor, a device operates that generates ultrasound, indistinguishable to the human ear.

If any movement occurs within the range of the device, the ultrasonic waves change their frequency, which is recorded by the sensor.

Helpful information! In addition to lighting systems, such devices are widely used in automatic parking sensors.

Advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonic motion sensors for turning on the light.

infrared devices

Their work is based on temperature measurement environment. When high-temperature objects enter the sensor's operating area, it reacts by turning on the light.

The infrared radiation of the human body through a set of lenses and special mirrors affects the sensor, which brings the lighting system into working condition.

Helpful information! The sensitivity of the device depends on the number of lenses, there are up to thirty pairs of them in one device.

Advantages and disadvantages of such devices.

Microwave sensors

Microwave instruments act like radar. The device sends a signal and receives its reflection.

The microwave device emits a high frequency wave. The smallest deviations in the returned signal set off a chain reaction that turns on the light.

Advantages and disadvantages of microwave sensors.

Combined appliances

Combined motion sensors for turning on the light combine two or three types of sensors at once. Tracking is carried out in parallel and very accurately detects an object in the coverage area. There are no other disadvantages in such devices, except for their cost. On sale, most often there are sensors that combine infrared and ultrasonic devices.

Manufacturers and prices

In motion devices, the price is directly related to the quality and performance of the device. The more expensive the device, the larger the area it can cover. Among the popular brands, it is worth noting the devices of firms:

• camelion;
• Theben;
• Ultra light.

The cost of sensors starts from 400 rubles and reaches several thousand. The most rated among budget models according to Yandex.market.

Image	Model	Viewing angle, degrees	Range, meters	Average price, rubles
	Camelion LX-39/WH	180	12	558
	Rev 3	180	12	590
	Feron SEN30 (hand motion sensor)	30	5-8	759
	PIR16A	180	12	505
	IEK LDD12-029-600-001	120	9	508
	Elektrostandard SNS M 02	180-360	6	512
	TDM SQ0324-0014	120	12	519

Pro tips: how to connect a motion sensor for lighting

You can install and configure the product yourself. When buying, you must check the availability of instructional material and be guided by its advice.

Note! The tracking device must be mounted in a place where it cannot be triggered by extraneous signals.

• It is important to know that a sensitive instrument does not like to be moved frequently, so careful consideration must be given to its placement.
• In the room, a conventional switch must also be installed in parallel with the sensor, so that if necessary, you can turn off the lighting manually.
• In order to prevent accidental damage to the appliance, it can be sunk into the wall by cutting a suitable hole in the drywall.

• It is important to ensure that the tracking device does not get sun glare, they will disrupt the sensor.

Motion sensors to turn on the light: installation diagrams

The device can be installed in several ways:

Checking, adjusting and adjusting

To check the correctness of the connection, a temporary circuit is used; you need to connect it following the instructions in the product data sheet. If the device does not work, it means that errors were made during installation.

Complex devices can be tested as follows:

• assemble a temporary connection scheme;
• set the dimmer to maximum;
• set the timer to minimum.

If a led indicator lights up when the object moves, the device is working. Instead of an indicator, a relay can be installed that will start clicking when motion is detected.

After installing the sensor, it is necessary to perform its adjustment. The timer can be set from a few seconds to a quarter of an hour. Adjusting the sensitivity of the sensor is a complex process, the main task of which is to prevent the device from triggering on the appearance of pets.

How to connect a motion sensor (video)

Results

Homemade touch sensors will significantly save on lighting. The device will turn on the light in the corridor, kitchen, bathroom, on the threshold of the house when a person appears and turn it off if there is no movement.

The cost of the simplest sensors starts from 400 rubles. You can install such sensors yourself. The installation of more complex and expensive devices is best left to professionals.

The first motion sensors were developed as security device, which allowed to detect an unwanted visitor. A little later, they began to be used for "peaceful" purposes. It turned out that it is very convenient to let automation take care of comfort.

It is impossible to imagine a smart home without such equipment. For example, a person entering an unlit room does not have to look for a switch, since the lighting device works when it appears in doorway person.

They are used by those who are accustomed to trust technology and want to shift the care of lighting the right place in electronics to electronics. right time. Where can you install a sensor that will allow you not to step into the dark or see a guest who has suddenly appeared? A list of installation locations for motion sensors to turn on the lighting is proposed:

• front door to entrance
• stairs to the basement
• the basement itself
• passage corridors or flights of stairs located inside the house and not having natural illumination in the daytime
• Sufficiently illuminated during the day, but requiring safe overcoming in the dark, stairs, passages
• bathroom

With regard to the bathroom, the motion sensor is more likely to turn off than turn on, since many simply forget to turn off the light in the toilet or bathroom.

If necessary, the motion sensor can be configured to turn on instead of the light or together with it one or more home appliances such as a TV or air conditioner.

The best option in most indoor premises is duplicating it with a conventional switch. Such a scheme, as well as the installation scheme, is given in the passport or installation instructions for the purchased motion sensor to turn on the light. Be sure to read the instructions! Of course, and follow her instructions.

A motion sensor for lighting is far from being an extra device in order to save money!

Equipping the house and approaches to it with motion sensors allows not only to feel like the master of the Universe, but also to significantly reduce the amount of electricity bills. Savings occur due to the fact that only those lighting fixtures that are needed will be turned on.

Savings are easy to calculate. Even, constantly burning in the corridor due to the fact that it does not penetrate natural light, eats at least 100-150 watts per day. And how much per month? And how many and what power of such lamps throughout the house?

Everyone can identify the sources excess expense electricity, their total power and estimate how long the money spent on installing sensors will pay off. Moreover, the average family is usually satisfied with relatively inexpensive passive sensors operating in the infrared radiation zone, that is, thermal ones.

There are also more advanced ones - ultrasonic and microwave. The basis of operation of all sensors is fundamentally the same, the difference is in the wavelength to which the device is tuned. Each type can be considered separately.

Principles of operation of various types of sensors

It is impossible to create a motion sensor with fixed parameters that would work normally in all conditions. In certain places of installation, the sensitivity of the sensor must be very fine, in others it is coarse enough.

The principle of operation of infrared or passive sensors

This type of sensors in a rough approximation can be associated with the operation of a directional thermometer, since its operation depends on the appearance of a heat source in its visibility zone. For it to work flawlessly, a preliminary configuration is required, which is provided functionality device. For example, the infrared sensor is set to the appearance of an adult, and a child enters the room.

The body temperature of both may be the same, but the amount of heat emitted by the body and captured by the sensor is not the same. If you adjust the sensor to a minimum, then it will start to work on the appearance of a dog or cat, which absolutely does not require lighting. Most of the manufactured models of infrared sensors require manual, in fact, configuration.

How Ultrasonic Motion Detection Works

The principle of operation of the ultrasonic sensor is "active", in contrast to the passive infrared. It uses reflected signal clamping. high frequency from objects in the field of view. The movement of one of them or the appearance of a new one violates the "remembered" picture, and the sensor is triggered. The work takes place in the mode of constant scanning of the specified area. The ultrasonic sensor belongs to active devices, it constantly, at specified intervals, sends a signal and analyzes the reflected one. Accordingly, the cost of this device is several times higher than infrared. Despite the reliability, in relation to the inclusion of lighting devices, such a sensor is rarely used, more often it is used for security purposes.

Advantages and disadvantages of microwave sensors

Microwave sensors are the most versatile due to the fact that they constantly scan the entire area under their control, which allows you to completely trust the technology: the sensor will not disregard any movement and turn on a signal or another device. Because of high cost devices, the use of microwave sensors in everyday life is not yet very common.

Choosing a sensor and a place for its installation

After determining the places that it is desirable to equip with motion sensors to turn on the light, you can proceed to the selection of the sensors themselves. Please note that the versions can be designed for installation indoors or outdoors. Sensors intended for outdoor operation can withstand significant climatic loads (humidity, ambient temperature), while indoor sensors cannot work normally outdoors.

Before you place a motion sensor in a room, you need to determine what action should cause the light to turn on. For example, opening a door or the appearance of a person in the field of view of the device require installation different types sensors. Infrared for simply opening the door will not work until a person crosses the threshold, by definition: he reacts to the heat radiated by the body or object. Automatic switching on of the light with a simple opening of the door can be provided by an ultrasonic or microwave motion sensor.

Structurally, the sensors also differ in viewing angle. For example, ceiling-mounted motion sensors to turn on the light can cover up to 360 degrees of space, wall-mounted from 90 to 240 degrees.

The sensor is installed in place in strict accordance with the instructions attached to it. At the time of connecting voltage to the sensor, the network must be de-energized. It is more reasonable to entrust the installation of the sensor and, if necessary, the backup switch to a professional electrician.

What do you need to know about setup?

After connecting by trial and error, adjustment is made. The sequence of this process is also given in the instructions for the device.

In most motion sensors, two parameters can be adjusted to turn on the light: the response time and the dependence of the response on the level of general illumination. Lighting control is necessary when installing in rooms where natural light penetrates during the daytime. In other cases, you can set a minimum.

According to the response time, the sensor is adjusted in such a way that the lighting duration is sufficient for a certain action. Most manufactured devices allow you to set this time in the range from a few seconds to 10 minutes.

Immediately equip the whole house with "smart" assistants, one of which are motion sensors, is problematic and costly. But to equip the most problematic corner with such a sensor and forget about the inconvenience forever is simple, fast and inexpensive. After it, very soon there will be sensors in other rooms, and, possibly, in the yard! Comfort is easy to get used to.

Video about connecting motion sensors

It is better to see once than hear a hundred times! Therefore, see an overview of the most common types of equipment and connection methods.

A motion sensor for turning on the light is a device capable of detecting the movements of a person or other living objects and, accordingly, control the lighting.

With the help of special sensors (thermal, sound, etc.), it captures changes in space and turns on, off or adjusts the degree of lighting. The presence sensor for turning on the light, which reacts to heat, may not even “notice” a person walking by in winter if the latter is very warmly dressed. Nevertheless, it will easily fix any living creature in the warm season.

How it works?

The principle of operation, which has a motion sensor to turn on the light, is to use a sensor (pyroelectric device). It functions very precisely by increasing the voltage at the output, subject to an increase in the level of IR radiation compared to the general background. The light is turned on by an internal sensor relay.

Regardless of the type of device, the output signals that the presence sensor receives to turn on the light, depending on the need, go directly to the controller, which issues control signals to the control point:

• alarm;
• relay for turning on the light;
• ventilation system;
• room air conditioning system.

It helps " smart home"be extremely helpful to hosts.

For example, while you open the door, the house has already begun to ventilate the room, filling it with fresh air. Or, on the contrary, it starts airing or cooling when there is no one in the room.

Types of motion sensors

On the modern market you can find many devices that somehow determine the presence of someone in the house or on the street. General concept"motion sensor to turn on the light" can be divided into 4 types, according to the main sensor element:

• IR sensor to turn on the light (infrared).
• Ultrasonic sensor (ultrasonic).
• Microwave sensors (microwave).
• Combined.

In addition, there is a sound sensor to turn on the light and a cotton sensor.

Each of them is installed in a certain place and performs its functions most well with the correct, rational installation.

IR sensor

The infrared light sensor for turning on the light detects changes in the thermal radiation of living beings or other objects (such as a car) using several lenses that are indicators.

Advantages:

• Improved accuracy.
• Wide temperature range of use.
• Harmless to pets.

Disadvantages:

• excessive sensitivity to household appliances(batteries, air conditioners).
• Reaction to sunlight.
• Lack of fixation of objects covered with non-transmitting radiation materials.

Purpose of the infrared motion sensor

The main tasks of infrared sensors are:

• Saving electricity. The light will only turn on when it is actually needed.
• Presence effect. When the sensor is installed on the street in front of the gate on the site, in the entrance, on the windows of the lower floors, during its operation, there is a feeling that someone is at home. This, on the one hand, causes a feeling of comfort, and on the other hand, it scares off robbers and bandits.

Despite all its usefulness, it happens that this light sensor for turning on the light gets on people's nerves. Not everyone likes his ability to soothe and take care of the lights on.

You can often hear: “What is he clicking there?”, “Do I now have to move all the time so that the light is on?”, “And if I don’t want it to be on?”

The answer to all these questions is one, and it is quite simple: when installing the sensor, you only need to use a few additional switches that will ideally suit the requirements of the residents and create the possibility of comfortable operation of the system.

The very scheme for connecting the sensor to turn on the light will be described a little later in this article.

ultrasonic sensors

Measurement of the surrounding space using sound waves is the prerogative of ultrasonic sensors. They generate sound waves that bounce off objects whenever they move. The frequency of these reflections is continuously measured, and a kind of echo sounder is obtained. The signal is sent to the sensor receiver and gives a command to turn the lighting on or off.

Such sensors are most often used in the automotive industry to create parking sensors.

Advantages:

• Possibility of installation on large areas.
• Insensitivity to weather conditions.
• Resistant to dirt and dust.
• Comparability with different materials corps.
• The widest possible temperature range for operation.

Disadvantages:

• Sensitivity of pets to ultrasound.
• Prolonged use may cause headache.

Microwave sensors

The microwave darkness sensor for turning on the light works by emitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves, which, when they hit the object, are reflected, and the quality of these reflections is fixed by the sensor. Any changes in the signal will start the program set by the owner.

Advantages:

• The ability to detect objects behind obstacles.
• Resistance to aggressive environment.

Disadvantages:

• Not safe for the human body.

It can be installed only where the passability of people is minimal.

Combined sensors

Combined light sensors for turning on the light imply a symbiosis of several object detection technologies at once.

Advantages:

• Possibility of the most precise work.
• Full control of the area required for monitoring.
• Wide range of customization options.

Disadvantages:

• Installation can only be carried out by a specialist.
• If one of the systems fails, a complete reconfiguration will be required.

Cotton gauges

Many have seen such a device in films, but not everyone was lucky enough to experience it in person. How great it is: you went to bed, but you forgot to turn off the light. Warm bed does not want to let go. The solution is cotton, and the light is extinguished. Do you need to turn on the light urgently? Clap - and the room lights up again.

Remote control of light, no doubt, is very convenient. But do not confuse the cotton switch and the acoustic switch (it will be discussed below).

Such a device works differently than a light sensor to turn on the light.

With it, you can adjust not only the lighting, but also:

• ventilation;
• transformers;
• any electrical equipment.

Important! Be sure to comply with load power limits.

Action algorithm:

• The first clap - turn on the voltage.
• The second clap is a shutdown.

Very simple, agree.

The cotton sensor is a kind of noise sensor for turning on the light. This means that its installation is advisable only in those rooms where the stationary noise level is not too high. And especially not where the holiday is planned. The applause of the guests can arrange a real disco light music.

Ideal room:

• utility room;
• basement;
• pantry;
• bedroom;
• children's room.

Where not to install a cotton sensor:

• crowded premises;
• offices;
• production rooms;
• workshops, etc.

It is highly recommended to install such equipment in the children's room. This is not only convenient, but also provides additional security for your child. Ordinary switches are high enough, and children have to either climb up or ask their parents for help. The frequency of falls from a chair in such a situation is impressive, and injuries are very high. Cotton is a good alternative.

It is also useful for people with disabilities.

Acoustic sensors

The difference between this type of switch and the previous one is insignificant, but there is. Acoustic sensor responds absolutely to any sound exceeding a predetermined threshold in decibels. Its installation is advisable in the entrances in order to save electricity.

As soon as the door slams, footsteps are heard, the light turns on, and it turns off a few seconds after everything is quiet. An important difference: cotton reacts only to claps!

Motion sensor parameters

Of course, every sensor automatic start light has its own parameters, but in general there are certain performance standards:

• Voltage - 220-240 V and 50 Hz.
• Delay timer (on time) - 2-8 seconds.
• Voltage supply time - set using the regulator.
• Sensitivity to light - 2-1000 Lux. Installed on the switch. The minimum number of modes is 2 on the simplest models. To be clear: 100 Lux means that the sensor will only work in the dark. At maximum settings, the sensor's capabilities are not limited by the degree of illumination.
• The viewing distance is up to 15 meters. When combined different types sensors, this parameter can be increased.
• The response speed is 0.5-1.5 milliseconds. If the object moves slowly, and its temperature (clothing) merges with the general thermal background, the sensors do not work. Moving too fast also causes detection problems.
• Maximum current - may be different, depending on the area in which the sensor will be used, from necessary minimum up to 1500 W. The load power is determined by the electromagnetic relay.
• Viewing angle - 360 degrees for ceiling sensors. For wall - from 100 (for corner) to 180 (for a straight wall). Height becomes a decisive factor in viewing opportunities: the higher, the more.

IR sensor circuits

The volume sensor for turning on the light is not as difficult to install as it might seem at first glance. A basic knowledge of electromechanics is sufficient.

For example, we use the Chinese sensor LX-01 and connect it to ordinary lamp incandescent.

Wiring diagram for the light switch sensor (algorithm of actions):

• Choose the sensor model you like.
• Determine the location for the installation.
• Consider the layout of the room (windows, doors, people movement patterns, tall furniture).

Important! If there are no windows in the room, then this is an advantage, because the sensor does not have to be additionally adjusted to the degree of illumination - the room is always dark. If the room has doors on each wall, the sensor of the selected type will have to be fixed in the corner, since it has a viewing angle of 120 degrees.

• Study the network connection diagram, which is always attached to the instructions.
• Do not connect the sensor differently, do not confuse the wires, otherwise you will hear a pop when you turn it on, and the device will be permanently damaged.
• If necessary, add a control switch to the circuit so that you can adjust the lighting manually.
• Ring all wires before connecting the device to the network using a tester.
• Connect the wire coming from the switch to the lamp to the red contact of the sensor.
• The wire on the other side of the switch is to the brown contact.
• To the blue contact - a wire suitable for the lighting fixture not from the side of the light bulb.

Important! Be sure to follow all safety precautions when working with electricity:

• Put on thick rubber gloves.
• Turn off the electricity in the apartment.
• After completing the work, insulate the bare wires.

It remains only to hang the sensor on the wall and check its performance! To do this, leave the room and close the doors behind you.

Enter the room. The first time the motion sensor to turn on the light sometimes works with a delay. It's not a big deal, you'll be able to adjust the settings later using the controller.

If you installed a cotton or acoustic sensor - make the appropriate sound. Happy using!

Modern technologies bring convenience to our lives, increase the comfort of our existence. Motion sensors for turning on the light help to rationally use resources (50-80% energy saving), detect the presence or movement of objects on the site. This device is extremely convenient when you need to turn on the light, but on this moment hands are busy. When an object moves, the light turns on automatically. And if there is no movement for some time (which is set individually), it goes out. Where can motion sensors be used?

Yes, anywhere. More specifically, where a person stays for a short time, that is, in the corridors, on the stairs, storerooms, at the entrance, at the gate.

The motion sensor is a special device that belongs to the category of detection devices. With the help of sensors, it captures a moving object that falls into its coverage area, transmits the received signal to the lamp.

When purchasing a sensor to turn on the light, it is necessary to take into account its parameters, features:

1. Place of installation: devices for turning on the light can be installed outdoors, indoors, under awnings. They are mounted and built-in, you also need to take into account the specifics of fastening, the level of security of the device.
2. Features of the installation of the sensor depend on its power. The type of device affects the conditions of its installation.
3. It is necessary to take into account the features of the trigger zone, since only visible areas for control are available to signaling devices. The response radius is reduced even due to hanging chandeliers or cornices.
4. Glass is a barrier to infrared rays.
5. You should pay attention to the presence of a function for setting the exact time of switching on or off the light. This aspect will be important if the rooms are large, where there is not one sensor, but several devices.
6. It is important to take into account the viewing angles of the device, the perception radius of these devices varies from 180 to 360 degrees. Sensors with 180-degree perception are often installed on the walls; they are triggered when an object enters or exits the room. Ceiling motion sensors are installed only with a full viewing angle.
7. It is necessary to take into account the interaction of the ranges of active and passive sections - this is relevant for office space or rest rooms.
8. There are categories of devices that have the function of tuning to human breathing.

Motion sensors: types and classification

Light sensors are divided into two types: according to the class of the signaling device and the place where the installation will be made. Devices are divided into outdoor (used for the street) and indoor (for rooms).

The functions of outdoor devices for turning on the light work on the principle of calculating the distance from the device to the object. Perimeter type sensors are designed for a certain part of the territory. Their use is relevant for large private estates, extensive house adjoining areas. For most devices, the response range is quite wide: from 100 to 500 meters. You also need to consider that some types of specialized devices must correspond to a certain spotlight. You can install a room sensor in any room of the house, its main difference from the street counterpart is intolerance to temperature changes.

These devices are divided into:

1. Ultrasonic - their work is based on the reflection of ultrasound from the surrounding objects. This is the most affordable, uncomplicated, durable category of sensors;
2. Microwave - work on the principle of a locator. The radar is tuned to a specific range of signals. He catches them and sends the signaling device. After the signal is caught, the light will automatically turn on. Among experts, it is generally accepted that this principle of operation is more practical than that of ultrasonic sensors. However, the cost of such devices is higher;
3. Infrared - their principle of operation is similar to the reaction of an ultrasensitive thermometer. Such sensors respond to the temperature of an object that enters their zone of action (for example, 36.6°C). It should be borne in mind that these devices are dependent on changes in the temperature of the surrounding space, so it is not recommended to install them in the kitchen area or entrance doors. These devices are optimally suited for residential areas, the temperature response range can be adjusted so that they are not triggered by the movement of pets.

How to connect a motion sensor

To connect these devices, no special skills are required, it is enough to understand the principle of connecting wiring and a signaling device. For a more attractive aesthetic perception, the entire system is hidden in a special distribution box. Each device is accompanied by an appropriate installation manual, as well as a connection diagram for a motion sensor for lighting.

The principle of operation is somewhat reminiscent of the process of connecting contacts in conventional switch, since the effective parameters are identical for them. Here and there, a relay acts as an actuator.

The practice is widespread when a switch with a motion sensor is used, this is especially true for residents of private houses. When approaching the gate in the dark, the lamp above the entrance turns on, and the sensor is adjusted in such a way that a person can easily overcome the distance from the gate to the house.

In cases where it is necessary for the lamp to work even when there is no movement in the room, a switch connected in parallel to the sensor is added to the circuit. Thus, when the switch is turned on, the light source will be connected to another circuit, bypassing the sensor. At the same time, the fixture will still control the lighting even when the switch is turned off.

In some cases, when the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is large, one sensor is not enough, a lighting source connection scheme with two devices is used. To avoid a phase-to-phase short circuit, it must be understood that both signaling devices are connected from the same phase.

Owners of private houses with a large adjoining territory often combine the connection of sensors and several powerful spotlights. Since the sensor power is approximately 500-700 W, a magnetic starter is used in such cases.

How to set up a motion sensor to turn on the light with your own hands

Potentiometers are responsible for setting the sensors. They fall into three categories:

• time intervals;
• sensitivity level;
• illumination.

Setting the time intervals is the easiest. You just need to set the required time period. Depending on the instrument model, this value varies from 5 seconds to 10 minutes.

The higher the sensitivity level, the better appliance responds to movement. If too frequent operation of the sensor is observed, then the sensitivity threshold should be reduced. This factor also applies to spontaneous inclusions. When setting the sensitivity level, you also need to take into account the time of year, for example, in summer the devices operate in standard mode, and in winter there are frequent failures. This situation is due to the response of devices to the heat produced by heating appliances.

The light factor is important: the sensor must function correctly when it is light. Thus, when an object moves, the device should automatically determine the level of illumination. If the level is below the set threshold, the device is triggered. And if it is higher, then no, since the room does not need additional lighting, outside day.

findings

Motion sensors for switching on the light are compact, economical in terms of energy consumption, they are easy to install. They are convenient, relevant for use in private homes, dachas, in areas around the house. In addition to their direct purpose, they perform the function of a kind of alarm against intruders, they work exactly when strangers appear on your territory.

The motion sensor is a necessary attribute modern interior, the functional comfort of your home.