Buttercup caustic (night blindness) - Ranunculi acris herba L. Buttercup family - Ranunculaceae.

Night blindness is poor, impaired vision in low light conditions (eg, in the dark, at dusk, at night, etc.). This means that with good illumination, a person has completely normal vision, but if he moves into any room with a lack of light or it is dusk outside, then he sees poorly. That is, with the onset of darkness or a decrease in lighting, a pronounced deterioration in vision occurs.

Medical designation of the disease night blindness and its

synonyms

Night blindness is the popular name for the disease, which in the Russian terminological tradition is referred to as hemeralopia. In general, the term "hemeralopia" is formed from three Greek words- “gemer”, “ala” and “op”, which are translated into Russian as “day”, “blind” and “vision”, respectively. That is, the final translation of the term "hemeralopia" is "day blindness". As you can see, the literal translation of the term does not reflect the essence of the disease, since with night blindness a person sees poorly in the dark, that is, at night and in the evening, and not during the day. However, this very term in non-English-speaking countries, including the post-Soviet space, has been used to denote poor vision in the dark for a long time (more than a hundred years), since a mistake was once made in the name of the disease and subsequently not corrected. In this way, on the basis of the "accustomed" name, the term "hemeralopia" has come down to our days to refer to a well-known disease - night blindness.

In English-speaking and many other countries, a different term is used for the medical designation of night blindness - "nyctalopia". The term "nyctalopia" is also derived from three Greek words "nikt", "ala" and "op", which are translated as, respectively, "night", "blind" and "sight". Accordingly, the final full translation of the term "nyctalopia" is "night blindness". As you can see, nyctalopia is fully consistent with the essence and meaning of the disease, popularly called night blindness. However, this linguistically and functionally correct term is used to refer to night blindness only in English-speaking countries, as well as the former colonies of Great Britain.

Due to these features in Russia night blindness called hemeralopia, and abroad - nyctalopia. Therefore, the terms "nyctalopia" and "hemeralopia" in the mouths of English-speaking and Russian-speaking doctors, respectively, will be synonyms for the same disease, known by its popular name, like night blindness.

Night blindness - the essence of the disease and general characteristics

Night blindness is poor, low vision in low light. Moreover, vision becomes poor only in the dark or in poor lighting conditions, and in the daytime or in bright light, a person sees perfectly. Night blindness can be both an independent disease and a symptom of some other pathologies of the human eye.

Night blindness affects both men and women equally. However, in menopausal age (about 50 years), this pathology develops in women more often than in men, which is due to hormonal and powerful endocrine changes that occur in their bodies and affect the work of all organs and systems, including the eyes. Hormonal changes during menopause increase the risk of developing night blindness, so at the age of 50 there are more women suffering from this disease than men. In all other age categories, the ratio of men and women suffering from night blindness is the same and is approximately 1.1.

Night blindness never develops among the peoples of the Far North (for example, the Khanty, Mansi, Eskimos, Kamchadals, etc.) and Aborigines (Indians) of the Australian continent. This is due to the fact that the eyes of the peoples of the Far North in the course of evolution have adapted to vision in the dark, since most of the time they are forced to live in polar night conditions. The natives of the Australian continent also, for some reason, in the course of evolution, gained the ability to see in the dark 4 times better compared to representatives of the Caucasoid race.

The essence of night blindness is that as soon as, for any reason, a person finds himself in a situation with poor lighting, he ceases to clearly distinguish the outlines of objects and their shape, he sees everything as if in a fog. The colors are practically indistinguishable, everything is seen just plain and darkened. A person is especially bad at distinguishing blue color. He often sees dark spots or shadows on objects. In addition, the field of view is significantly narrowed. When moving from darkness to a well-lit room or space, colored spots may appear on objects. In order to visualize the essence of night blindness, you need to look at figures 1 and 2, which show exactly how a person with normal vision and suffering from hemeralopia sees the surrounding picture.

Figure 1 - Perception of the surrounding space in low light (at dusk) by a person with normal vision.

Figure 2 - Perception of the surrounding space in low light (at dusk) by a person suffering from night blindness.

Night blindness has been known to mankind since ancient times and is associated with any disturbances in the functioning of the retina or optic nerve. Hemeralopia significantly reduces the quality of human life, since it can provoke a fear of the dark and a pronounced disorientation in the dark, which is fraught with injuries and dangerous situations that arise when performing ordinary activities.

Classification and characteristics of types of night blindness

Depending on the causes of occurrence, all variants of night blindness are divided into three varieties:

1. Congenital night blindness;

2. Essential night blindness;

3. Symptomatic night blindness.

congenital night blindness It is inherited and manifests itself at an early age - in children or adolescents. The causes of congenital night blindness are often various genetic diseases, such as, for example, Usher's syndrome or hereditary retinitis pigmentosa.

Essential night blindness is a functional disorder of the retina, provoked by a deficiency of vitamins A, PP and B 2 or the trace element zinc. The causes of essential night blindness are various states, in which the intake or absorption of vitamins A, PP and B 2 is disrupted. for example, poor-quality malnutrition. starvation. diseases of the liver or digestive tract, alcohol abuse, rubella. poisoning with any toxic substances or prolonged exposure to bright light.

Symptomatic night blindness develops against the background of various eye diseases associated with damage to the retina or optic nerve. In this case, night blindness is a symptom of the following severe eye damage - high myopia, glaucoma. tapetoretinal dystrophies. chorioretinitis, optic nerve atrophy, siderosis.

In addition to the listed types of hemeralopia, doctors and scientists distinguish another condition called false night blindness. In this case, a person's vision is impaired and deteriorates in the dark and in low light conditions due to banal eye fatigue, for example, after long work with computer monitors, TVs, locators or other devices, etc. False night blindness is not a disease, but reflects the functional deterioration of the eye analyzer, resulting from its overstrain. After a person gives the eyes a good rest, vision will be fully restored. However, if a person often strains his eyes excessively and does not give them a good rest, then this can lead to serious diseases and a permanent decrease in vision.

Causes of night blindness

The immediate cause of night blindness is a decrease in the amount specific cells the retinas of the eye, which are responsible precisely for the perception of the image of the surrounding space in low light conditions.

It is known that there are two main types of light-sensitive cells on the retina of the eye, which are called rods and cones (see Figure 3). Rods are responsible for twilight vision, while cones, on the contrary, are responsible for vision in bright light conditions. Normally, there are many more rods on the retina than cones, since a person finds himself in situations of insufficient light much more often than in conditions of perfect and bright light.

Normally, the retina has approximately 115,000,000 rods and only 7,000,000 cones. The reason for the development of night blindness is either a violation of the structure of the sticks, or a decrease in their number. The most common direct cause of night blindness is the breakdown or disruption of the synthesis of a special visual pigment, rhodopsin, which is the main functional unit of the rods. As a result, the sticks lose their normal structure and cease to function fully, that is, a person develops night blindness.

Figure 3 - Rods and cones present on the retina.

The cause of congenital night blindness is a genetic mutation that is inherited. This mutation or breakdown in the genes does not lead to the development of severe congenital deformities, but only causes night blindness - a disease with which a person can live. And since night blindness is a disease compatible with life, a fetus with such a breakdown in the genes is not “rejected” by spontaneous miscarriage. and continues to develop normally. Often, night blindness is combined with other genetic diseases, such as Usher's syndrome or hereditary retinitis pigmentosa.

The causes of symptomatic night blindness are various severe diseases associated with damage to the retina of the eyes:

  • Myopia of a high degree (myopia more than -6);
  • Glaucoma;
  • Pigmentary dystrophy of the retina;
  • Chorioretinitis;
  • Atrophy of the optic nerve;
  • Siderosis (deposition of iron salts in the tissues of the eye).

    • Symptomatic night blindness is not an independent disease, but acts solely as a sign of another, more serious pathology of the retina.

    Essential night blindness develops under the influence of various factors causing deficiency or impaired absorption of vitamins A, PP and B 2. These factors may include the following conditions or diseases:

      Malnutrition, in which there is a deficiency of vitamins (A, PP and B 2) and minerals; Starvation; Anemia; Transferred rubella or chickenpox;
    • Liver disease;
    • Diseases of the digestive tract;
    • Chronic alcohol abuse;
    • Any poisoning (intoxication against the background of infections, poisoning with poisons, alcohol or tobacco abuse, etc.);
    • Exhaustion of the body;
    • Treatment with drugs that interfere with the absorption of vitamin A, for example, Quinine and others;
    • Prolonged exposure to bright light.

      • For the development of night blindness, vitamin A deficiency is most important, since it is this compound that is the substrate for the synthesis of visual pigment. Therefore, the risk of night blindness is highest in people suffering from vitamin A deficiency.

      However, essential night blindness does not develop immediately, since at least two years can pass from the onset of chronic vitamin A deficiency to the onset of clinical symptoms. This is due to the fact that the reserves of vitamin A available in the tissues of the human body will be enough for him for about one year, provided that this compound does not come from outside at all. However, in practice there are no situations when vitamin A does not enter the human body at all, so the reserves are depleted longer than a year and the formation of clinical manifestations of night blindness takes at least two years.

      Night blindness symptoms

      Regardless of the variety, night blindness manifests itself with the same symptoms. however, their severity may vary. With night blindness, a person's vision deteriorates greatly when exposed to low light conditions, for example, at dusk, at night, in a room with a small number of lamps, etc.

      With night blindness, the adaptation of vision is impaired when moving from a relatively bright room to a dark one and vice versa. This means that a person cannot orient himself for a long time and begin to see normally when he moves from one level of illumination to another. Moreover, this is observed both during the transition from dark to light, and vice versa, from a lighted place to a darkened one.

      In poor lighting, a person's fields of vision narrow, and he sees a picture of the world around him in a very narrow frame, like through a pipe or a small window. In addition, a person ceases to clearly see the shape and size of objects, and also does not distinguish colors. Particularly bad in night blindness are blue and yellow a. A person begins to notice that, in principle, he does not perceive colors correctly, since a violation occurs Purkinje effect. The Purkinje effect is the phenomenon of different perception of colors with decreasing illumination. So, at dusk, red colors appear darker, and blue, on the contrary, lighter. The overall picture is seen in dark, muted colors, there is a feeling of vision, as if in a fog.

      In addition, with night blindness, insufficient sensitivity of the eye to light occurs, so a person needs very bright lighting to read or write. The need for bright light for writing and reading against the background of normal vision at dusk is the first sign of the development of night blindness.

      Night blindness often causes a decrease in vision. This means that in normal lighting conditions, a person has 100% vision, and at dusk it drops by several units. On the conjunctiva of the eye with essential night blindness are found Iskersky-Bito plaques .

      Poor vision in low light conditions can frighten a person and cause, ultimately, a fear of the dark. Especially often the fear of the dark against the background of night blindness develops in children with a congenital disease.

      Diagnosis of night blindness

      Diagnosis of night blindness is based on the characteristic complaints of a person. Based on complaints, the doctor suspects night blindness and then confirms the disease with certain instrumental studies.

      To confirm night blindness and determine its variety, the following diagnostic studies are performed:

        Examination of the fundus. With essential hemeralopia, the fundus is normal, with symptomatic and congenital it looks like the pathology that provoked night blindness.
      • Detection of the presence of plaques on the conjunctiva of the eye.
      • Perimetry (narrowing of visual fields is detected).
      • Adaptometry. A person looks at the bright screen of the device for 2 minutes, after which an object is placed on it and the time after which it becomes visible to the subject is recorded. The norm is no more than 45 seconds. With night blindness, a person sees an object on the screen later than 45 seconds later.
      • Refractometry.

        • Night blindness - treatment

        Treatment for night blindness depends on the type of disease. So, with symptomatic night blindness, the treatment of the underlying disease that caused the impairment of twilight vision is carried out.

        The principles of therapy for essential and congenital night blindness are the same, however, their success and effectiveness are different. Congenital night blindness is practically not amenable to therapy, and a person develops a steady decrease in vision. Essential night blindness, on the contrary, responds well to therapy, since it is associated with a deficiency of vitamins A, PP and B.

        The main treatment for essential and congenital night blindness is the intake of synthetic vitamins A, PP and B 2 . You should also introduce foods containing these vitamins into the diet. Diet, rich in vitamins A, PP and B 2, in combination with taking vitamin drugs, is the main method of treating all types of night blindness.

        Vitamin A for the treatment of night blindness, adults need to take 50,000 - 100,000 IU per day, and children 1,000 - 5,000 IU per day. Riboflavin (B 2) adults and children should take 0.02 g per day.

        Foods rich in vitamins A, PP and B 2. that you need to include in your diet for the treatment of night blindness, the following:

        It is necessary to take vitamins and follow a diet for the treatment of night blindness for several months in a row. The exact timing of treatment is determined by an ophthalmologist.

        Diet and vitamin intake are also necessary in the complex therapy of symptomatic night blindness, along with the treatment of the underlying disease that caused visual impairment. However, the essential type of the disease can be cured completely, the congenital one is practically not amenable to therapy, and with symptomatic night blindness, everything depends on the success of the treatment of the underlying disease.

        In addition, with night blindness, it is necessary to avoid bright headlights and fluorescent lamps, and in the evening, even with mild myopia, it is imperative to wear glasses.

        Night blindness - treatment with folk remedies

        Alternative treatment of night blindness consists in the use of various decoctions, infusions and juices and other preparations from plants and products containing vitamins A, PP and B 2. necessary for the normal functioning of the eyes.

        So effective folk methods treatment of night blindness are the following infusions, juices, decoctions and gruels:

          Mix 2 parts of blueberry leaves, linden flowers and dandelion (leaves, root and flowers), add 1 part of buckwheat and sea buckthorn leaves. Pour a tablespoon of the finished mixture of herbs with a glass of boiling water and heat in a water bath for 15 minutes. Then insist in a warm place for half an hour, strain and take the finished broth one glass three times a day after meals;
        • Pour a teaspoon of the flowers of the field color plant with a glass of boiling water and leave for 10 minutes. Ready infusion take a tablespoon three times a day after meals;
        • Pour a teaspoon of blue cornflower flowers with a glass of boiling water and insist for one hour. Strain the infusion and take 1/4 cup three times a day half an hour before meals;
        • Pour one tablespoon of blueberries with a glass of boiling water and insist for four hours. Strain the finished infusion and take half a glass three times a day, regardless of the meal;
        • Sea buckthorn berries should be consumed fresh or frozen, two glasses a day;
        • Pour three tablespoons of sea buckthorn berries with a glass of boiling water and insist for half an hour, then strain. Ready infusion to drink twice a day an hour after a meal. Honey or sugar can be added to the infusion to improve the taste;
        • Pour two tablespoons of leaves and tops of the nettle stalk with a glass of boiling water, insist for an hour, then strain. Ready infusion take 1/3 cup three times a day half an hour before meals;
        • Take juice from fresh carrots in half or a whole glass 2-3 times a day half an hour before meals. Juice should be prepared immediately before use and stored for no more than 30 minutes;
        • Blueberry juice taken diluted three times a day before meals. For each dose, you need to dilute a tablespoon of juice in half a glass of water;
        • Grape juice to take half a glass three times a day for half an hour before meals;
        • Sprout grains of wheat. then grind them in a meat grinder. Pour a tablespoon of gruel from germinated wheat grains with a glass of boiling water and heat in a water bath for half an hour. Then insist 15 minutes, then strain. Ready broth to take 1/3 cup three times a day, regardless of the meal;
        • Fish oil take 30 - 40 ml three times a day;
        • Every day, eat a small piece of lightly fried beef liver;
        • Sea buckthorn oil take a teaspoon three times a day before meals.

        Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

night blindness, kuroslep, vernacular name some herbaceous plants, mainly with yellow flowers. Most often To. called buttercup, mainly caustic ranunculus (Ranunculus acris) - a perennial plant 20-80 cm high with a pubescent stem and mostly palmate leaves. The flowers are golden yellow, on long stalks. Blooms in early summer. It grows in the temperate zone of Eurasia, in the USSR - in the European part, Western Siberia and Central Asia - in meadows, glades, shrubs, forests. poisonous plant; its juice causes severe burns on the skin, as well as tearing and sharp pain in the eyes (hence, apparently, the name). Meadow weed, almost not eaten by livestock.

  • - impaired ability to see in low light. The reason is the lack of vitamins A and B2 in the body, which are part of the so-called. sees. retinal purpura...

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  • - see Hemeralopia...

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  • - a sharp deterioration in vision in low light conditions, at dusk and at night ...

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  • - St. John's wort has long been considered by the people as one of the main medicinal herbs, curing 99 diseases, and it is included in many herbal collections. However, St. John's wort grass is slightly toxic to humans, while in animals it can ...

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  • - hemeralopia - hemeralopia, sharp deterioration of vision in low light; G. can be congenital and probably inherited ...

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  • - see Hemeralopia...

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  • - I see Kuroslep ...
  • - I see Kuroslep ...

    Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

  • - Adonis, a genus of annual or perennial herbaceous plants of the family. ranunculus. The leaves are strongly dissected. Flowers solitary, large. OK. 20 kinds...
  • - I Night blindness kuroslep, the popular name of some herbaceous plants, mainly with yellow flowers ...

    Great Soviet Encyclopedia

  • - Night blindness, a disorder in the ability to see in twilight or night lighting: see Hemeralopia ...

    Great Soviet Encyclopedia

  • - "" - a disorder in the ability to see in low light. The reason is the lack of vitamins A and B2 in the body, which are part of the so-called. visual purpura of retinal rods...

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  • - KURI-A, -Shy, pl. chickens, chickens, chickens and chickens, -its, -am, ...

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  • - Razg. 1. who. Neglect About a gullible, naive person. "You're so…" Artamon broke off, not knowing what to say. ". Why did I contact him? - a painfully frightened thought whipped and crushed to the sledge ...

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  • - 1. Razg. Buttercup plant. SBO-D1, 231. 2. Yaroslavl. The resin plant is sticky. YOS 5, 109...

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  • - noun, number of synonyms: 11 euonymus disease bells hemerolopia yellowhead coronary cuckoo color kuroslep buttercup full color field plant ...

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"Night blindness (herbaceous plant)" in books

night blindness

From the book How much does a person cost. The story of the experience in 12 notebooks and 6 volumes. author

night blindness

From the book From the Arctic to Hungary. Notes of a twenty-four-year-old lieutenant colonel. 1941-1945 author Bograd Petr Lvovich

night blindness

From the book How much does a person cost. Book Five: Archive of Illusions author Kersnovskaya Evfrosiniya Antonovna

Night blindness Spring, the most beautiful season of the year, was approaching, but it did not bode well for us. Everything that lives by the beginning of spring weakens. A person is no exception, and a prisoner even more so. In addition, the already meager food was given to us without salt ... They say that wild

night blindness

From the book From the Arctic to Hungary. Notes of a twenty-four-year-old lieutenant colonel. 1941-1945 author Bograd Petr Lvovich

Night blindness The combat operations of the battalion, sometimes defensive, sometimes offensive (mainly counterattacks), lasted with varying success until mid-March 1942, when suddenly on March 15 I received an order to surrender the defense area to units of the 67th Infantry Division and

night blindness

From the book Encyclopedia of Slavic Culture, Writing and Mythology author Kononenko Alexey Anatolievich

Night blindness This disease is called chicken blindness because, according to folk beliefs, they let her in evil people, scraping with a knife that cuts old chickens, and blowing the wind on someone who wants to take revenge or harm. There are many ways to get rid of this disease among the people.

Adonis (herbaceous plant)

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (AD) of the author TSB

night blindness

From the book Encyclopedic Dictionary (K) author Brockhaus F. A.

Night blindness Night blindness (hemeralopia, hemeralopia) is a kind of suffering of the visual organ, in which there is a more or less significant decrease in the sensitivity of the retina to light when lighting is reduced, why are such patients at dusk or at night

Night blindness (med.)

TSB

Night blindness (herbaceous plant)

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (KU) of the author TSB

night blindness

From the book Dictionary of a young graphomaniac, or Turkey City Lexicon by Sterling Bruce

Night blindness A cheap trick for the lazy, when the author, to whom the crowbar describes the scene, blindfolds the hero, or gives him an attack of seasickness on board a spaceship, or makes half - books cut into whist in a smoking room

night blindness

author

night blindness

From the book Canon of Medicine author Ibn Sina Abu Ali

Night blindness Night blindness is the loss of vision in the evenings. During the day, a person sees, and by the end of the day, vision weakens. The reason for this is one of the moisture of the eye and its thickening, or the moisture of the visual pneuma and its thickening. [Night blindness] is more common in black-eyed than in

"Night Blindness"

From the book Official and Traditional Medicine. The most detailed encyclopedia author Uzhegov Genrikh Nikolaevich

"Night blindness" "Night blindness" is a disorder of twilight and night vision. Patients who see perfectly during the day, in the evening and at night, almost do not distinguish objects and see the environment as if in a heavy fog. The occurrence of the disease is due to a lack of

night blindness

From the book Vision at 100%. Fitness and diet for the eyes author Zyablitseva Margarita Alexandrovna

Night blindness Pour 2 cups of tar into a bowl and make the patient continuously look at this tar in the bowl for three minutes. The procedure is repeated every 3 hours, at night they give 1 tbsp to drink. a spoonful of fish oil. Illusions Inner circles - the same

night blindness

From the book A Practical Guide for a Girl in Love author Isaeva Victoria Sergeevna

Night blindness How often men are struck by a fatal disease that interferes with promising fruitful relationships! And this disease is not impotence at all. Rather, night blindness ... Yes, yes! It's sad, but true! Very often, men who are known to love mainly with their eyes,

Thanks

For your tender beauty buttercups have become an integral part of songs, poems and legends, and this despite the far from gentle name that the flower received for its poisonousness and blistering effect. But they still decided not to call this plant “fierce”, using the affectionate form “buttercup”. The healing properties of this plant, its types, medicinal properties and applications will be discussed in this article.

Description of the plant buttercup (Ranunculus)

Buttercup is a perennial or annual plant belonging to the Buttercup family.

Buttercup in popular literature is called "ranunculus" (a transliteration of the Latin name "ranunculus" is used, which means "little frog" in Latin). The fact is that wild-growing buttercups, like frogs, prefer wet and swampy "habitats", which should be sunny and warm enough.

In Russia, this plant was given the name "buttercup" for its blistering action.

What does buttercup look like?

Buttercup is a rhizomatous or root-tuberous plant with erect, ascending or prostrate stems that often root at the nodes.

The stalk of buttercup reaches a height of 20 cm to 1 m.

The leaves of the plant can be whole, spatulate, palmately or pinnatipartite, they are arranged in the next order. The petals at the base have a honey hole (it can be bare or covered with a small scale). The lower stem leaves, like the basal leaves, are 5–6 cm long and about 5 cm wide.

Buttercup flowers are solitary or collected in an inflorescence. The diameter of the flowers is 1 - 2 cm.

The fruit of the flower is a polynutlet, in which naked or hairy seeds are formed, which are both flat and convex.

What color are buttercups?

The color range of buttercups is very diverse. This flower can be yellow, white, pink, red, lilac and blue.

Where does it grow?

Buttercup grows almost throughout Europe, the Caucasus and Western Siberia, Asia, the Alps, and the Pyrenees, but most often this plant can be found in the wild in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

In Russia, buttercup is common in the European part of the country (with the exception of the Far North, as well as the south).

This beautiful flower prefers forest and floodplain meadows, sparse forests, banks of streams and rivers, marshes.

Buttercup species

About 600 species of buttercups are known, distributed throughout the world, while many varieties have medicinal properties, due to which they are used in folk medicine.

For medical purposes, the following types of buttercup are used:

  • caustic (or night blindness);
  • poisonous;
  • creeping;
  • burning;
  • many-flowered;
  • field;
  • water (or swamp).

Buttercup caustic (night blindness)

Buttercup caustic (or Ranunculus acris) reaches a height of 30 - 100 cm. The stem of this species of buttercup is erect and covered with pressed hairs, while the stem begins to branch upwards.

The rhizome of the caustic buttercup is short, numerous roots extend from it, which are collected in a bundle.

Bright golden-yellow flowers of the correct form are located at the ends of the branches. The leaves of the caustic buttercup can have a different shape.

The plant got its second name - "night blindness" - for the reason that the substance protoanemonin, which is part of the plant, irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes, causing severe pain, tearing, and temporary blindness (they say that chickens that ate buttercup grass , blind).

Application in medicine
For medicinal purposes, the herb caustic buttercup is used, containing a large number of biologically active substances, including protoanemonin, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides.

The action of preparations of buttercup caustic:

  • Neutralization of microbes and bacteria.
  • CNS stimulation.
  • An increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood.
  • Removal of inflammation.
  • Strengthening immunity.
  • Stimulation of metabolism.
  • Stop bleeding.
Buttercup caustic is used in fresh during treatment:
  • skin diseases;
  • gout;
  • neuralgia;
  • skin tuberculosis;
  • burns;
  • boils;
  • rheumatism;
  • headaches;
  • eczema;
  • malaria;
  • arthritis;
  • fever;
  • liver diseases;
  • colds;
  • ascites;
  • lymph nodes;
  • internal bleeding;
  • warts;
  • lipoma;
  • scurvy;
  • impetigo;
  • hydradenitis;
  • seals of the spleen;
  • menstrual irregularities;
  • golden staphylococcus.
Buttercup leaf juice helps to neutralize Sonne's dysentery microbe.

Buttercup poisonous

This kind of buttercup official name which Ranunculus sceleratu, is an annual or biennial plant with a straight, hollow and branched stem, the height of which can vary between 10 - 70 cm.

The leaves of the poisonous ranunculus are shiny and slightly fleshy.

The light yellow flowers of the plant do not differ large sizes(so, their diameter is 7 - 10 mm).

Interesting fact! The seeds of the poisonous ranunculus are protected by the seed coat from excessive moisture (in other words, from getting wet), while under the epidermis there are large air-bearing corky cells, thanks to which the seed does not sink in water.

Application in medicine
Due to the high degree of toxicity, the plant is mainly used externally. For example, plant juice diluted with water is used to treat skin areas affected by a disease such as scabies. In addition, inflamed eyes or festering wounds are washed with non-concentrated poisonous ranunculus juice.

Crushed fresh leaves of the plant are applied to warts, which contributes to their rapid removal.

Fresh crushed buttercup herb can be used as a pull-out patch, to create artificial boils or blisters, and as an effective pain reliever and distraction.

A water infusion of grass will also help with rheumatism, for which it is enough to soar your legs in it.

Inside, decoctions and infusions of poisonous ranunculus are taken for such diseases:

  • diseases of the female genital organs;
Important! Buttercup preparations intended for internal use are prepared mainly from dried raw materials, since it does not contain toxic substances.

buttercup creeping

Ranunculus repens (or creeping ranunculus), like the two species described above, is common in Russia, and is very poisonous.

This perennial species of buttercup, rarely exceeding 40 cm in height, has an ascending or creeping stem, which often takes root (the stem can be either naked or pubescent in places).

The plant is crowned with a golden yellow, brilliant flower that opens between May and August.

Buttercup creeping prefers moist, shaded, alluvial soils, so it can often be found on river and lake shores, forest swamps, along fields and roads.

Application in medicine
In therapeutic doses, creeping buttercup has analgesic, antimicrobial, wound healing, and tonic properties.

In diseases such as rheumatism, scrofula and scabies, buttercup grass is applied to the affected areas (tumors and abscesses). The stem of the plant is used to dissolve or hasten the maturation of abscesses.

For fungal infections of the skin above-ground part plants are used as baths or compresses.

Fresh ranunculus grass is externally used in the treatment of the following pathologies:

  • myositis;
  • rheumatic pains;
  • scrofula.
To prepare an infusion for internal use, dry grass or buttercup flowers are used: 1 tsp. raw materials are brewed with a glass of boiling water, then the product is wrapped and infused for half an hour, after which it is carefully filtered and drunk in a tablespoon three times a day. This infusion is indicated for epilepsy, headache, as well as dropsy and bleeding of various origins.

Creeping ranunculus flowers are used in the treatment of malaria, for which, 8–10 hours before the attack, crushed (or pounded) fresh flowers of the plant are applied to the wrists (on the zone of probing the pulse), which will help mitigate or stop the attack.

Important! When using buttercup creeping as an external agent, long-term exposure to the skin should be excluded, since this plant has a strong irritant effect on the skin (in some cases, such an action can provoke tissue necrosis and skin ulceration).

Banewort

Buttercup burning (or Ranunculus flammula) has a low erect or rising stem (about 20 - 50 cm).

The basal leaves of the plant are long-petiolate, while they are noticeably wider than the upper ones. And here upper leaves this type of buttercup is sessile.

Single light yellow flowers are quite small (no more than 12 mm in diameter). The fruit of the plant is an ovoid one-seeded leaflet.

Burning ranunculus grows on damp soils, mainly near water bodies.
Application in medicine
For medicinal purposes, a plant herb containing gamma-lactones and coumarins is used.

So, the juice of the aerial part of the burning ranunculus is diluted with water (2-3 drops of juice go to half a glass of water) and is taken for scurvy.

An infusion of the herb of this species of ranunculus in traditional medicine used for cancer. To prepare the infusion, one tablespoon of well-chopped fresh ranunculus herb is poured with a liter of boiling water and infused for one hour, after which the infusion is filtered and consumed one tablespoon no more than four times a day.

Buttercup multiflora

Ranunculus polyanthemus (or multi-flowered ranunculus) has a tall (up to 60 - 80 cm) erect and pubescent stem (leaf petioles also have pubescence).

The leaves of ranunculus multiflora have wedge-shaped or linear lobes. Bright yellow flowers, the diameter of which does not exceed 3 cm, open in the first half of June, while flowering ends in late July - early August.

This species of buttercup is found wild in meadows and forests.

Application in medicine
With therapeutic purpose stems, leaves and flowers of the plant are used, containing protoanemonin, vitamin C, carotene and flavonoids.

Preparations based on ranunculus multiflorum, which have tonic, analgesic, antimicrobial and wound healing effects, are used for:

  • pain syndrome of various etiologies (gastric, headache, neuralgic pains);
  • rheumatism;
  • gout;
  • abscesses;
  • wounds;
  • boils;
  • malaria;
To prepare an infusion taken orally, 2 tsp. fresh grass plants are poured with 500 ml of boiling water and infused for 40 minutes. The strained remedy is drunk one tablespoon three times a day before meals.

Buttercup field

Buttercup field (official name Ranunculus arvensis) prefers moderately acidic, poorly aerated, waterlogged and carbonate, loamy soils.

This type of buttercup has yellow or golden single apical flowers and deeply dissected leaves.

An upright and branched (almost naked) stem reaches a height of 60 cm.

Buttercup field is most often found in hayfields or pastures.

Preparations based on buttercup field are distinguished by a tonic and mild laxative effect. So, the skin of the roots of the plant and the seeds are used to relieve heat and tone the body. The aerial part of the plant is used for radiculitis, pustular skin rashes and furunculosis.

Field buttercup tubers are used in the production of nutritional supplements.

Buttercup water (marsh)

Buttercup water (it is also called swamp, while the official name of this plant is Ranunculus aquatica) is a perennial plant of light green color with a thin and bare stem, as well as small white-yellow flowers that rise above the water surface.

The marsh buttercup can grow at depths ranging from 20 cm to up to 2 m.

The length of the leaves is 3 - 4 cm, while the pedicel of the plant is not much longer than the leaves.

The flowers of the water ranunculus in diameter are 8 - 12 mm in diameter.

Easily falling petals of the plant are almost twice as long as the sepals. The fruits are grayish in color, slightly bristly upwards.

This plant, which has white medium-sized flowers and underwater leaves, dissected into thin filamentous lobes, is common in the shallow coastal zone of the countries of the East, in Siberia, Europe, America and Africa. Water buttercup grows in stagnant, and, most importantly, slowly flowing water bodies (in some cases, water buttercup can be found near the coast, in sedge forests, as well as on waterlogged and silty soil).

For therapeutic purposes, the stems and leaves of the plant containing saponins and protoanemonin are used.

To prepare a decoction of water buttercup, one tablespoon of the leaves of the plant should be poured with a glass of water. The product is boiled for three minutes, infused for an hour, filtered and taken in 1 - 2 tbsp. three times a day. Such a decoction is used as a means of stimulating the functions of the genital organs.

Important! Buttercup, which has an irritating effect on the digestive tract when taken orally, is recommended to be used as a topical preparation and only under the supervision of a physician.

Important! All of these plant species have an almost identical set of useful substances, therefore they can be used in medicine on an equal footing.

Collection and preparation of buttercup

Medicinal raw material for buttercup is the aerial part of the plant, which can be used both fresh and dried.

The plant is harvested during the period of fruit formation, but the flowers must still be present on the stem.

When collecting raw materials, it is better not to tear off, but carefully cut off the stem of the plant, while it is important that the root, which is practically not used in medicine, remains in the ground (and the person will benefit from the plant, and after a certain time the buttercup will be able to please again with its beauty and healing properties).

The collected flowers, stems and leaves are thoroughly washed, after which they are sent to dry in the attic (you can dry the raw materials in the open air, but always under a canopy, because when drying under the sun, everything useful material buttercup will evaporate).

Important! Buttercup very strongly irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, larynx, and internal organs, as a result of which, when in contact with the aerial part of the plant, redness, burns and blisters form on the skin. Therefore, it is recommended to collect ranunculus grass (especially caustic) in closed clothing and thick gloves.

When do buttercups bloom?

Buttercups bloom from mid-April until the month of July (it all depends on the type of buttercup). An exception is the water ranunculus, which blooms from June to October.

How to store?

Dried raw materials are stored in paper bags in a dark place for no more than a year. Fresh raw materials must be used immediately after collection.

The composition and properties of buttercup

Protoanemonin
It is a volatile poison that has a pungent odor and a burning taste.

In small doses, this substance stimulates the functions of the central nervous system, activates the elements of the reticuloendothelial system, neutralizes microbes and increases the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood.

Coumarins
Action:

  • obstruction of blood clotting;
  • inhibition of the development of tumor cells;
  • acceleration of the wound healing process;
  • toning the body and saturating it with vitamins of group P;
  • prevention of blood clots.
cardiac glycosides
Action:
  • slow heart rate;
  • normalization of cardiac activity;
  • increased systole and lengthened diastole;
  • decrease in blood pressure indicators;
  • normalization of blood circulation.
Saponins
Action:
  • promoting the excretion of sputum;
  • fever removal;
  • increased excretion of bile;
  • downgrade blood pressure.
Tannins
This class of substances, forming a biological film, protects the tissues and cells of the body from adverse effects (we are talking about chemical, bacterial, and also mechanical action). Also, tannins strengthen blood vessels and significantly constrict blood vessels.

alkaloids
Action:

  • helping to stop bleeding;
  • removal of pain syndrome;
  • normalization of the central nervous system;
  • strengthening of blood vessels;
  • preventing the growth of neoplasms;
  • pressure reduction ;
  • decrease in body temperature.
Flavonoids
Action:
  • normalization of redox processes;
  • inhibition of enzymes that destroy hyaluronic acidresponsible for the normal formation of cartilage tissue;
  • strengthening the walls of blood vessels and increasing their elasticity;
  • prevention of sclerotic lesions of capillaries;
  • elimination of free radicals.
Vitamin C
Action:
  • normalization of the functions of the central nervous system;
  • stimulation of the endocrine glands;
  • promoting the assimilation of such an essential element as iron;
  • normalization of the process of hematopoiesis;
  • removal from the body of harmful compounds that provoke the development of malignant tumors.

Carotene
Action:
  • reducing the risk of developing cancer;
  • regulation of the process of protein synthesis;
  • strengthening bones and teeth and promoting their formation;
  • normalization of metabolism;
  • prevention of the premature aging process.
Amino acids
Action:
  • decreased vascular tone;
  • increase in hemoglobin content;
  • increased excretion of stones;
  • binding and subsequent removal of radionuclides.
Fixed oils
Action:
  • rejuvenation of tissues and cells of the body;
  • elimination of foci of inflammation;
  • regulation and normalization of metabolism;
  • neutralization of the action of carcinogens.

buttercup properties

  • Antimicrobial.
  • Wound healing.
  • Tonic.
  • Painkiller.
  • Laxative.
  • Fungistatic (manifested by the fact that it contributes to the delay, as well as stopping the growth of fungi).
  • Antipyretic.
  • Sweatshop.
  • Oncoprotective.
  • Bactericidal.

Treatment with buttercup

buttercup flowers

Preparations from buttercup flowers stimulate the activity of the nervous system, increase the concentration of red blood cells, as well as hemoglobin. In addition, decoctions and infusions from this part of the plant have a pronounced antimicrobial effect, they resist staphylococcus and Escherichia coli. Often such drugs are used as an insecticide ( chemical drug, intended for the destruction of harmful insects: for example, a decoction of the plant will help to disinfect things from bedbugs).

Pounded buttercup flowers are caustic, as well as creeping, and are used in folk medicine instead of mustard plasters and blister patches. Flowers also help with aching in the lower extremities, for which it is enough to rub the sore joints with fresh crushed flowers.

The flowers of the plant are used as a remedy for malaria.

Root and tubers

Powder from the roots and tubers of buttercup is used to treat malignant ulcers and remove warts. From the root of the plant, traditional healers have long prepared vaginal suppositories that promote pregnancy (self-treatment of infertility can have Negative consequences therefore, before using folk remedies based on buttercup, a doctor's consultation is necessary).

seeds

Little is known about the healing effect of buttercup seeds on the body: for example, there are references to the use of decoctions from the seeds of this plant for colds, which has a basis, since buttercups have antipyretic and tonic properties.

Leaves (grass)

Traditional medicine widely uses fresh buttercup leaves as an effective abscess and analgesic, indicated in the treatment of ulcers, boils, rheumatism, scrofula, myositis. So, ranunculus grass is used as an blistering patch for old carbuncles that do not open for a long time. An infusion of the fresh leaves is used in small quantities in the treatment of headaches and stomach pains.

Fresh leaves of the plant in crushed form are applied to the places where tumors and sprains appear.

Buttercup is rightfully considered the first assistant in the removal of warts and the treatment of fungal diseases. A decoction of this part of the plant is indicated for washing areas of the skin affected by scabies.

Gruel from the fresh herb of the plant, mixed with vinegar, helped to cure or reduce the manifestation of diseases such as leprosy, eczema, fox disease (we are talking about hair loss), for which it was enough to treat the affected areas of the skin with such a mixture.

Although ranunculus is not used in traditional medicine, recent research indicates that this plant is effective in combating skin tuberculosis.

It should be remembered that buttercup is a poisonous plant, so all parts of it should be taken with extreme caution and only after consulting a doctor, who, if necessary, will determine the exact dosage.

The use of buttercup in medicine

Buttercup is used in both traditional and folk medicine in Eastern, Northern and Central European countries.

So, infusions and decoctions from dried raw materials are used in the treatment of salt deposits, various inflammations on the skin.

The herb of the plant is used as an effective pain reliever for neurological, headache, stomach and rheumatic pains.

Buttercup has found application in the treatment of colds, oncological and infectious diseases, including influenza, gout, ascites, cystitis, pancreatic cancer.

A decoction of flowers, taken in small quantities, will help to cope with diseases of the liver and stomach, as well as rabies.

Fresh ranunculus herb is widely used in homeopathy in the treatment of skin diseases, gout and neuralgia.

Infusion

An infusion of buttercup herb is taken as an internal or external remedy for skin diseases, colds, and treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds.

To prepare the infusion 0.5 tbsp. dried herbs are placed in a thermos and brewed with 500 ml of boiling water. The remedy, infused for half an hour, is filtered, after which it is used to wash the wounds. When taken internally, the dosage of this infusion is 1 tbsp. three times a day. With the same remedy, you can rinse the inflamed mucous membrane of the throat several times a day.

Tincture

Buttercup extract has strong bactericidal, regenerating and rejuvenating properties, due to which it is used for muscle pain, diseases of the throat and oral cavity. In addition, buttercup tincture can be used to rinse your hair, which will strengthen the hair follicle and give your hair a healthy look.

50 buttercup flowers are poured with 500 ml of alcohol, after which the product is mixed well and infused for three weeks. The filtered tincture is used externally as a rub. Internal reception of tincture is contraindicated!

Buttercup ointment

An ointment prepared from buttercup flowers and pork fat in a ratio of 1:4, is used as an external remedy for colds and viral diseases, with inflammation of the lymph nodes. So, the chest and throat are rubbed with ointment (these parts of the body are wrapped in a woolen scarf and left all night). Such treatment is carried out daily, until the disease is completely cured.

ranunculus juice

Cotton wool moistened with ranunculus juice is applied to aching teeth. Also, weak buttercup juice is used for developing cataracts (it is enough to moisten the eyes with juice several times a day).

Important! Highly concentrated juice from buttercup leaves can cause burns to the skin and mucous membranes.

Buttercup unifolia: application - video

Buttercup is a poisonous plant

Buttercup is a very poisonous plant, which in ancient times was used to prepare all kinds of poisons. For this reason, buttercup preparations should be used only after medical consultation, adhering to the recommended dosage.

Failure to comply with these rules can lead to severe poisoning, the main symptoms of which are:

  • sharp pain in the gastrointestinal tract (up to the development of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis); eye pain, abdominal pain and late severe diarrhea. It should be noted that the defeat of the digestive tract can be supplemented by phenomena of a nervous order, namely convulsions, rapid rotational eye movements, partial or complete impairment of consciousness, as well as loss of the ability to stand. Often, the death of animals that have consumed buttercup herb occurs 30 to 50 minutes after the first symptoms of poisoning.

    Buttercup Recipes

    Remedy for heel spurs

    The grass is brewed with boiling water and boiled for 10 minutes, after which the contents are poured into a basin, in which the legs are steamed until the water cools completely.

    Infusion for skin tuberculosis

    3 tbsp herbs are poured with 400 ml of boiling water and infused for three hours. Warm infusion is applied externally in the form of lotions or compresses.

    Tincture for umbilical hernia

    A handful of buttercup flowers pour 500 ml of vodka and leave for at least three days. Tincture is taken in a tablespoon before meals. This infusion promotes the regeneration of skin cells and has a bactericidal effect.

    Tincture for gout and rheumatism

    10 g of fresh ranunculus flowers are poured into 100 ml of vodka and left to infuse for a month in a dark place. Strained tincture is used to rub sore spots.

    Decoction for liver diseases

    1 tsp Buttercup grass is poured with two glasses of boiling water, after which the product is sent for 15 minutes to a water bath. Strained broth is drunk in 1.5 tsp. three times a day.

    Acetic tincture for pain in the pancreas

    The glass is half filled with crushed ranunculus grass, which is poured with 2.5 glasses of 9 percent vinegar. Means insist one day. Take a tincture for severe pain, starting with one drop, which dissolves with water in a ratio of 1:10, while every subsequent half hour the dose is doubled until it is 32 drops. Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

Behind the popular name night blindness is the caustic buttercup (Ranúnculus ácris). The herbaceous perennial belongs to the buttercup family and is considered poisonous.

Other names of the plant are black henbane, medicinal black root, burning grass, oil flower.
Buttercup caustic among our ancestors was associated with a pagan god Ancient Russia- Perun, who was the patron saint of Russian soldiers.

According to one version, the name of the plant is associated with volatile, poisonous substances that affect the eyes. As a result, a person's vision deteriorates for some time. If a Domestic bird eat even a small part of the plant, then the poisonous juice can blind her. Another version says that the shiny flowers reflect the sun's rays and dazzle the eyes.

Night blindness is used as a medicinal plant and is valued as a honey plant. One of the varieties of caustic buttercup "Flore pleno" has beautiful double flowers. Large inflorescences are similar in shape to a yellow dahlia or rose. Due to its decorative effect, it is grown in culture.

Description

The height of a straight and branched bush with cylindrical stems is 30-80 cm. The rhizome of the buttercup is short, with fibrous roots.

The upper leaves are sessile, trilobed with a serrated edge. In the lower part of the stem, the leaves are pentagonal, separate, 5-10 cm long. Planted on long petioles.

Night blindness blooms with single flowers small size which can be seen from the photo. Sometimes inflorescences form an umbrella. The color is bright yellow, and the diameter of the flowers does not exceed 2 cm. They are located in the upper part of the stems. The calyx is formed by 5 glossy petals and many stamens and pistils. Inflorescences close at night, hiding from the cold and dew.

The flowering period lasts from May to the end of August. Then fruits appear in the form of smooth nuts with ovoid seeds.

For life, night blindness chooses coniferous and birch forests, fields and edges of vegetable gardens, coastal zones of reservoirs, forest and floodplain meadows. Landings form a thick, dense carpet. The plant is widespread in the area temperate climate, in Western Siberia and the Caucasus.


What substances contains night blindness

Night blindness has a rich chemical composition. The main feature of the plant is the content of a very poisonous, volatile substance - protoanemonin. The oily liquid has a sharp, burning smell and taste. It is easy to deactivate because it has an unstable molecular formula. The poisonous component causes irritation of the mucous membrane of the nose, eyes, throat and affects the internal organs.

In the inflorescence of buttercup revealed

  • glycosides,
  • vitamin C,
  • carotenoids,
  • alkaloids,
  • saponins,
  • tannins,
  • flavoxanthin,
  • anemolon.

The seed of the plant contains fatty oils.


Application in traditional medicine

Small doses of protoanemonin stimulate the activity of the central nervous system, increase the content of erythrocytes in the blood and are used for anemia. On the basis of the plant, preparations are prepared for the treatment of tuberculosis, fungal infections, infection with staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Buttercup has earned the greatest popularity as an external remedy for diseases of the skin and joints, the treatment of wounds, burns and boils. Infusions successfully treat hives, abscesses and scabies. Effective night blindness and headache, neuralgia and fever.

Folk remedies with caustic ranunculus promote tissue regeneration. Recommended for

  1. hemorrhages,
  2. suffocation,
  3. arrhythmias,
  4. constipation
  5. eye inflammation.

The juice of the plant removes warts and relieves toothache.

Young leaves of the plant act as a mustard plaster and are used for rubbing with muscle and joint pain, pulmonary diseases.

Harvesting of raw materials is done during the flowering period, because it is the flowers that are of the greatest medicinal value. Decoctions and infusions are prepared from them, and they are also used fresh. Abscesses and rashes on the skin are treated with slurry from the petals, it is also used as mustard plasters. The root goes to the powder, which heals wounds well. Alcohol tincture rhizomes are taken for malignant tumors.


Rarely collect the leaves of the plant. The work is carried out very carefully so as not to get a burn of the skin or mucous membranes. When dried, the plant is harmless.

Side effects

When using night blindness, you need to remember that it slows down the heart rate and provokes spasms of the blood vessels and respiratory tract. The smell of flowers causes an allergic reaction, irritation of the mucous membranes, pain in the eyes and a strong cough. In case of juice poisoning, there is nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fainting, convulsions, abdominal pain, involuntary salivation. First aid is to wash the stomach. It is recommended to take activated charcoal tablets at the rate of 1 piece per 10 kg of body weight.

The plant is so poisonous that it poses a danger to health and even life. Reception for medical purposes should be under the supervision of a physician.

See also video

Buttercup - RANUNCULUS L. The name comes from the Latin word 'rana' - frog, and can be explained by the fact that many members of the genus live in or around water. Up to 600 species are understood to be distributed throughout the globe, mainly in temperate and cold regions. Annual and perennial rhizomatous or root-tuberous plants with erect, ascending or prostrate trunks, often rooting at the nodes. The leaves are entire, spatulate, palmately or pinnatipartite, arranged in the following order. Flowers solitary or collected in an inflorescence, yellow, rarely white or red, simple or double. The fruit is a multi-nutlet, the seeds are naked or hairy, flat or convex.

Ranunculus acris (L.) Ranunculaceae - RANUNCULACEAE Grows wildly in Eastern and Central Europe, the Caucasus, Western Siberia. Perennial plant up to 100 cm tall, glabrous or slightly pubescent. with a straight branched stem. The lower leaves are long-petiolate; their plate in outline 5 is charcoal, palmately - separate, with rhombic toothed - separate fractions. The upper leaves are actually sessile, 3 -separate, with linear toothed portions. The flowers are bright yellow, up to 2 cm across, with 5 golden yellow petals. Blooms in late spring and summer. Usually a plant of meadows, clearings, light forests, and also as a weed in the fields. In culture since 1597, only the form with double flowers (f. hortensis Mart.). Buttercup is very poisonous, as it contains a special substance protoanemonin, which is very effective on the skin. It also contains saponins, alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosides), vitamin C and carotene. , medicinal.

Ranunculus sceleratus (L.) Annual, biennial, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with adpressed hairs, with a hollow, straight, furrowed, branched stem. The leaves are shiny, slightly fleshy, t. m. deeply divided into 3 rounded or ovate, entire or crenate slices. The flowers are small, light yellow. Blooms in late spring and summer. Non-individually in muddy places, ditches, banks of water bodies. Very poisonous.

Ranunculus repens (L.) just like caustic, it is found everywhere and is also very poisonous. Perennial plant 15 -40 cm high. The trunk is ascending or creeping, often rooting, glabrous or pubescent in places. Basal leaves are petiolate, trifoliate, consisting of rhomboid-ovate, deeply trifoliate-separate, unequally-toothed leaf fractions; upper leaves sessile, lanceolate, trifoliate-separate. Corolla golden yellow, shiny. Blooms from May to August. It grows on moist, shaded, alluvial soils: along the banks of rivers and lakes, in forest swamps, along fields and roads. It is used only as an external remedy for rheumatism, scrofula, scabies, applied to tumors for their resorption, to abscesses. The "fierce" representatives of this family do not end on buttercups.

Buttercup Asian, or garden -R. asiaticus L. It grows wild in Southern Europe, Asia Minor and Asia Minor. perennial herbaceous plant up to 65 cm tall with fleshy, tuberous roots. The trunk is leafy, ordinary or branched. Leaves ternate or double ternate. Terry flowers up to 4 cm in diameter, yellow, white, orange, red, 1-4 at the ends of the stems. Blossoms in June-July 30-35 days. In culture since the middle of the XIII century, varieties since 1580. Has numerous garden varieties and varieties. They are divided into two groups: Persian, or Asian, varying greatly in form and coloring of plants; chalmoid, or African, with more
large leaves and flowers, reminiscent of terry peonies, with petals bent inward. Representatives of this group in open field middle lane do not winter.

Buttercup alpine -R. alpestris Alpine European view. Blossoms in June-July; may be re-flowering in September. The fruit is an achene with a tiny straight beak. In nature, it grows on both acidic and limestone substrates. Breeding in culture is problematic: you need good small stones and at the same time wet sand or
rocky, humus-rich soil. Development is most successful among high-altitude compact species, such as Genliana verna, Cerastium alpinum, and others.

Buttercup anemone -R. anemonifolius DC. = (R. elegans C. Koch). Perennial herbaceous plant up to 30 cm tall with large, yellow flowers.

Buttercup boretselisty -R. aconitifolius L. Homeland - mountainous regions Central Europe. Perennial. Trunks pubescent, branched up to 60 cm tall. Basal leaves are pinnatipartite. white with flat petals, several pieces per stem. Blooms in May - June. There are garden varieties with large double flowers in white and golden yellow. Winter-hardy up to -29 degrees. In culture since the 16th century.

Buttercup mountain -R. montanus willd. Another alpine European perennial ranunculus. Reaches a height of 20 cm.
It has beautiful golden yellow flowers, the calyx is covered with lagging villi. Blooms in June-September; the fruit is a round flattened achene with a small beak. Grows well in any soil in a sunny position.

Buttercup glacial -R. glacialis L. Alpine perennial species. Its petiolate shiny bare greenish
trifoliate leaves are collected in a basal rosette. Trunk height from 7 to 12 cm carries 1-3 large flower, in which there are many yellow stamens. The calyx is pubescent, rust-colored. Petals are white, pinkish on the outside. Seed beak
long and curved. The plant asks for a sunny place with acidic soil, to which peat and crushed peat moss are added. In summer, the ground should also be moist.

Buttercup Iberian -R. pyrenaeus L. Wildly found in the Alps and Pyrenees. perennial plant with white flowers
10-30 cm tall. Blooms in June - July.

Buttercup golden - Ranunculus anricomus (L.) Perennial plant 15 - 40 cm high. Basal leaves
long-petiolate, rounded kidney-shaped, the lowest often ordinary, only along the edge serrated-crenate, others deeply 3-5 - separate with widely - wedge-shaped or wedge-shaped - obovate sectors; stem leaves
palmately - dissected into linear, entire leaf fractions. The flowers are small, the corolla is golden yellow. Blooms from April to June. It grows in bright places on new humus soils, in meadows and pastures, in deciduous forests.

Buttercup Kashubian - Ranunculus cassubicus (L.) A perennial plant 30–60 cm high. The trunk is erect, with several scales at the base, slightly branched at the top. The basal leaf (at times 2-3) is long-petiolate, entire, round-reniform, serrated-crenate along the edge, stem leaves are palmately dissected into oblong-elliptical, serrate fractions. The corolla is golden yellow. Blooms from April to June. It grows in light places, on new humus soils in sparse in broad-leaved and coniferous-broad-leaved forests, among shrubs.


Signs of poisoning:

Herb ranunculus caustic irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, larynx, and when introduced inside - gastrointestinal tract. On human skin, it causes redness, itching, swelling, blisters, sometimes abscesses. With all this, there are phenomena
general poisoning: dizziness, fainting, fast and weak pulse. If buttercup preparations are injected under the skin, they cause the deepest destruction of tissues. Poisoning is possible with the careless use of buttercups as a means
folk medicine. The juice of these buttercups is caustic and burning. Its chemical composition has not yet been studied enough. It is only clear that protoanemonin, a volatile substance with a pungent odor and a burning taste, is the prerequisite for poisoning. When its vapors are inhaled, irritation of the respiratory tract and eyes occurs, a runny nose, lacrimation, suffocation and spasms of the muscles of the larynx appear. Animals poisoned by buttercups sometimes die 15-30 minutes after the onset of the first symptoms (hay from buttercups is not poisonous to animals). In humans poisoning with these plants is very difficult, with sharp
pain in the alimentary tract, stomach and intestines, vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac decline.

Application:

In the spring, when buttercups begin to bloom in abundance in forest clearings and edges, they entertain the eye. Even on a cloudy day, the forest seems sunny. Bright yellowish flowers bloom poisonous ranunculus, caustic buttercup, burning ranunculus and
buttercup creeping (evil color). The names speak for themselves. Botanists have about 170 species of buttercups, most of which grow in the temperate and cold climate of the Northern Hemisphere. In the European part of our
countries - about 40 species, some of them are used in folk medicine as medicinal plants. In therapeutic doses, buttercups have a tonic, analgesic, antimicrobial and wound healing effect. Buttercup caustic has been clinically tested with good results in the treatment of skin tuberculosis. This buttercup - "night blindness" - is one of our most common plants. In folk medicine, the aerial part of this buttercup, perfectly pounded, was used instead of mustard plaster. A similar effect of the burning buttercup (Russian folk name for its pryshchinets), which loves more damp places. All parts of this buttercup are poisonous.

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