Permissible load height. How far can the load stick out of the trailer? What is the acceptable rate? oversized cargo
According to the rules of the road Russian Federation(hereinafter referred to as SDA) permissible width vehicle 2 meters 60 centimeters for refrigerators and isothermal vans and 2 meters 55 centimeters for other vehicles. The maximum vehicle height is 4 meters. The maximum length of a road train including one trailer cannot exceed 20 meters, while the length of the tractor and trailer cannot exceed 12 meters.
The permissible mass of a two-axle vehicle (hereinafter referred to as the vehicle) cannot exceed 18 tons, 25 tons for a 3-axle vehicle and 32 tons for a 4-axle vehicle. The mass of a 3-axle road train must not exceed 28 tons, a 4-axle road train 36 tons and a 5-axle road train 40 tons.
The maximum axial load at a distance of more than 2 meters between the nearest axles should not exceed 10 tons per axle, at a distance of 1.65 to 2 meters inclusive 9 tons, at a distance of 1.35 to 1.65 m inclusive. should not exceed 8 tons, at a distance of 100 to 135 cm, the maximum axial load should not exceed 7 tons, and with a distance between the nearest axles, the maximum axial load per 1 axle should not exceed 6 tons.
All vehicles that do not fit into these restrictions are oversized and for their movement on roads common use special permits are required. For driving a vehicle exceeding these dimensions, the driver is fined or withdrawn by the VU in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
The main problem is the lack of understanding by drivers of these norms. So let's break it down into questions and answers.
B: car width 2.55 + mirrors. Is it oversized?
A: No, this is the size.
Q: Is it possible to overhang the load by 0.4m on each side and 2m behind?
A: yes, but at the same time, the width of the vehicle with a load cannot be more than 2.55 m, and the length of the road train cannot be more than 20 meters.
Q: what does the phrase "strike along the axes" mean.
A: For example, a 3-axle truck enters the scale. The total weight is less than 25 tons, the distance between the rear axles is 135 cm, but the load on the rear bogie is 20 tons, i.e. not 8 tons per axle, but 10. This is not much better than that if the truck weighed more than 25 tons.
Q: I was carrying tires (tires are taken as an example), they fell apart on the road, the awning was opened and my license was taken away. IDPS right?
A: Yes, IDPS is right, as the dimensions of the vehicle are exceeded, but there is no permit. The driver is responsible for exceeding the dimensions.
Q: The walls of the refrigerator, which according to the documents has a width of 2.6 m, are “inflated” even without cargo, will the rights be taken away?
A: Yes, they will.
Q: The height of the vehicle on the raised cushions (meaning the axle cushions, analogue of the springs) in the transport position is 402 cm, will the rights be taken away?
A: Yes, the rights will be taken away. If in the transport position the vehicle exceeds the dimensions, then these are your problems, they do not care about IDPS. Try to bleed air during stops or look for legal justifications for the fact that your vehicle was measured not in accordance with GOST.
Q: according to the documents, the cargo is 20 tons, it fits into the gauge, it turned out on the scales that there are 25 tons, who is to blame.
A: the shipper is to blame, he will pay for all the "representation", but often it is not always possible to immediately prove this, so legal delays are possible.
As you can see, the working conditions are quite tough and the driver almost always has good chance to be left without documents, but you should not be afraid of this and give money, since giving a bribe is a serious article, and your guilt has yet to be proven in court. According to the stories of those who carry oversized cargo, there are years when they travel for 8-10 months a year not with a license, but with a temporary permit. The main thing is to know the laws, and not at the level of “heard somewhere”, but verbatim formulations and, if possible, carry a collection of laws with you.
Often, goods are transported by rail or by road train, the dimensions of which go beyond the standard limits. They are called oversized, require special marking, fixing and stowage during loading. Dimension - what is it and why is it needed? There are several main types of dimensions that are used to calculate the type of a particular cargo, equipment, and also allow you to take into account travel routes in problem areas.
Railway dimensions
Considering that trains travel in a strictly fixed direction and cannot turn around to go around an unexpected obstacle, there are certain dimensions related to buildings, cargo and rolling stock that have clear and fixed dimensions.
The outline perpendicular to the axis of the track, in which the railway stock standing on the straight track should be placed, without the parts going beyond this contour, regardless of the load, is called the gauge of the rolling stock. These dimensions refer to wagons and platforms that circulate on all types of general purpose tracks. railways Russia and can be operated exclusively on lines where devices and buildings meet the requirements included in the size of the building.
building zoom
Dimensions - what is in relation to the approach of buildings on the railway? The maximum transverse contour, inside which, in addition to trains and other rolling stock, other elements of devices and structures should not enter, is the clearance of buildings.
Excluded from this list are only parts directly related to the train (ensuring its operation). These include:
- Hump retarders for wagons.
- Signaling and communication devices.
The placement of these devices within the overall space must be coordinated by the elements interacting directly with them. Gosstandart provides for two types of dimensions for approaching buildings: "C" and "Sp".
Cargoes and equipment (dimensions)
Dimensions and dimensions of cargo are regulated by the loading gauge. It represents the maximum transverse contour in which the load must be placed, without any parts extending beyond established norms. This indicator is close to the same indicator but has large tolerances in width by 15 cm (340 instead of 325).
Products and goods that cannot be placed in accordance with the loading gauge are classified as oversized items. Their transportation is carried out in the manner prescribed by the Russian Railways. In order to control the correct placement of transported objects at points of mass loading (on access roads, in ports, at transfer points), clearance gates are mounted that control the freedom of passage of a loaded transport train.
Container dimensions
To ensure safety, efficiency and maximum performance work during loading and unloading and transport operations, all containers have certain fixed dimensions, depending on the type. Below are the dimensions of containers that are most often used in the transportation of goods.
Standard twenty-foot modification:
- External length/height/width - 6096/2591/2370 (mm).
- Similar internal indicators- 5935/2383/2335 (mm).
- Maximum weight (with container) - 24 tons.
- Volume - 33.9 cubic meters. m.
40ft refrigerated container:
- External length/height/width - 12192/2591/2438 (mm).
- Similar internal dimensions - 11555/2280/2286 (mm).
- Gross weight (maximum) - 30.48 tons.
- Container (weight) - 4.37 tons.
Requirements and dimensions for oversized cargo
Oversized cargo is transported products, the size of which goes beyond the limits established by the relevant paragraphs of the transportation rules, as well as the technical indicators of the vehicle (TC). Such goods are not intended for transportation on ordinary trucks or wagons.
As the rules say traffic, oversized cargo must be transported by transport, which have the following indicators:
- Width (mm) - 2500.
- Length (mm) - 20,000.
- Altitude from road level - 4000 m.
If the dimensions, dimensions of the cargo are more than four meters wide, it must be transported under the supervision and accompanied by employees of the State Traffic Inspectorate.
Limitations of the functionality of the vehicle in terms of capacity:
- Height - 2500 mm.
- Length - - 13 600 mm.
- Width - - 2500 mm.
If at least one indicator is exceeded, the products are classified as oversized cargo. Dimensions also affect the cost of transportation.
Peculiarities
Knowing the concept of "dimension", what it is and what its features are, it is much easier to navigate in optimal choice cargo transportation. Transport goods that are larger than normative indicators, is not always acceptable. All pros and cons should be considered.
The advantages include the following:
- Carrier's guarantees on the safety of products and ensuring traffic safety.
- Usability different kind transport, depending on the characteristics of the cargo.
- As a variant, railway rolling stock can be operated.
Among the shortcomings there are such aspects:
- The complexity of the installation and stowage of cargo, the dimensions of which do not make it possible to optimally place it on the transport platform.
- The need to coordinate such transportation with the Federal Road Transportation Service.
- High price.
Transportation methods
Dimensions of equipment or other goods that exceed the standard dimensions require an individual approach to their transportation in each specific case.
If the goods have an excessively large mass, then it is appropriate to use platforms with an appropriate load capacity and the maximum possible number of axles, which serve to protect against deformation of the roadway and ensure weight distribution over the entire loading plane.
Transportation of oversized cargo can be carried out by special vehicles (ferries, barges, transshipment ships, truck tractors increased power, special railway rolling stock).
Conclusion
In the transportation of goods, it is very important to take into account any size. What it is, has been discussed above. Briefly, it can be summarized that standard size is a guideline, the excess of which requires a different approach to the transportation of goods, taking into account its width, length, height and weight. These same parameters mainly affect the choice of the vehicle that will be transported. At the same time, vehicles must be equipped with special signs and plates warning about oversized cargo.
FEDERAL ROAD SERVICE
RUSSIA
VEHICLE,
PUBLIC ROADS
Moscow, 1999
FEDERAL ROAD SERVICE OF RUSSIA
(FDS of Russia)
ORDER
Moscow
On approval of the norms "Maximum weights and dimensions of vehicles operated on public roads"
In order to ensure traffic safety, reliability and safety of public roads and road structures, taking into account their bearing capacity and carrying capacity I ORDER: one . Approve the attached norms "Maximum weights and dimensions of vehicles operated on public roads", agreed with the Ministry of Transport of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2 . The Department for ensuring the safety of roads of the FDS of Russia (Sorokin S.F.) together with the Legal Department of the FDS of Russia (Enikeev Sh.S.) to agree in in due course with interested ministries and departments and submit until June 1, 1999 for approval to the leadership of the FDS of Russia "Rules for the passage of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles on public roads" and "Instructions on the procedure for compensating for damage caused by heavy vehicles when driving on public roads". 3 . To impose control over the execution of this order on the deputy head of the FDS of Russia Urmanov I.A. Head V.G. Artyukhov
FEDERAL ROAD SERVICE
RUSSIA
MAXIMUM WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS
VEHICLE,
OPERATING ON VEHICLES
PUBLIC ROADS
Moscow, 1999
1 . General provisions
1.1. The provisions set forth in these standards relate to the mass and dimensions of vehicles permitted for use in the Russian Federation on public roads, established based on the requirements for ensuring road safety, reliability and safety of roads and road structures, taking into account their bearing capacity and load capacity. The following restrictions on the weight and dimensions of vehicles do not apply to the production of vehicles, the requirements for which are established by other standards and norms. 1.2. Vehicles or parts thereof that form part of combined vehicles, the dimensions, as well as the total mass and axle load of which do not exceed the values established by sections 3, 4 and 5 of these standards, are allowed to travel on federal and territorial public roads. For other highways designed and built for loads less than those specified in Sections 3, 4 and 5, the owners of roads may set other (lower) limit values for the mass of vehicles, for federal highways - Federal road service Russia, for territorial highways - by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, for municipal highways - by local governments. Decisions to reduce the dimensions and weights of vehicles listed below are based on the results of a road survey and may be permanent or temporary. At the same time, the body that made such a decision is obliged, in accordance with the established procedure, to install appropriate traffic signs on the highway or its section, where additional restrictions on the mass and size of vehicles are introduced and inform road users about this. 1.3. A vehicle and its part forming a combined vehicle, the mass and/or axle load of which and/or the size of which exceed the maximum values established by these standards, may travel on roads only if there are special permits issued in the prescribed manner by the competent authorities. The movement of such vehicles on roads is carried out in accordance with the "Instructions for the transportation of bulky and heavy goods by road on the roads of the Russian Federation", approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia on May 27, 1996. 1.4. In addition to the limit values of the total mass and axle loads established by these requirements, the mass of the transported cargo and the distribution of the load along the axles must not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by the manufacturer for a particular vehicle. 1.5. For the purposes of these standards, the following concepts and definitions are used: Vehicle - a device designed for the carriage of goods and passengers on roads; Truck - a vehicle designed and built exclusively or primarily for the carriage of goods; Tractor - a vehicle designed and built exclusively or primarily for towing a trailer or semi-trailer; Trailer - a vehicle designed for the carriage of goods by towing by a tractor or truck; Semi-trailer - specially equipped for the carriage of goods, designed to be connected to a tractor in such a way that a part of this vehicle is located directly on the tractor and transfers a significant proportion of its weight to it; Road train - a combined vehicle consisting of truck and trailer; Articulated vehicle - a combined vehicle consisting of a tractor, articulated with a semi-trailer; Bus - a vehicle designed to carry passengers and their luggage, with more than nine seats, including a driver's seat; Articulated bus- a bus consisting of two or more rigid sections connected to each other and having a passenger compartment in each section, allowing passengers to move freely from one compartment to another; Combined vehicle- combination of a truck, consisting of a truck connected to a semi-trailer; The maximum length, width and height of the vehicle - length, width and height of the vehicle with or without cargo, not exceeding the values specified in section 3 of these standards; Maximum linear parameters of the vehicle - linear parameters not exceeding the values specified in section 3 of these standards; Maximum vehicle weight- the mass of the vehicle with or without cargo, which does not exceed the values specified in section 4 of these standards; - mass transmitted through the axle of the vehicle to the surface highway, not exceeding normative value;Indivisible cargo- cargo which, when transported by road, cannot be divided into two or more parts without undue cost or risk of deterioration and which, when loaded onto a vehicle, would exceed its maximum dimensions and mass; Air suspension- a suspension system in which the damping element is air; Cart- two or more axles having a common suspension to the vehicle; single axle- an axle of a vehicle located at a distance of more than 1.8 m from the nearest axle of this vehicle; close axes- axes (two or more) of the vehicle, located at a distance between them of less than 1.8 m.2 . Measuring the mass and dimensions of vehicles
2.1. Vehicle length is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 clause 6.1. However, when measuring length in accordance with the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on the vehicle are not taken into account: glass cleaner and mudguards; front and side marking plates; devices for sealing and protective devices for them; devices for fixing tarpaulins and protective devices for them; electrical lighting equipment; rear view mirrors; devices for viewing the space behind the car; air tubes; length of valves and connectors for connection to trailers or swap bodies; steps for access to the body; lift for a note tire; lifting platforms, access steps and similar equipment not exceeding 200 mm in working position and designed so that they cannot increase limit weight car loading; coupling devices for towing vehicles or trailers. 2.2. Vehicle height is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 clause 6.3. Moreover, when measuring the height, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on the vehicle should not be taken into account: antennas; pantograph in raised position. For vehicles equipped with an axle lifting device, the effect of this device is taken into account. 2.3. Vehicle width is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 clause 6.2. When measuring the width of a vehicle, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on a vehicle should not be taken into account: devices for seals and seals and protective devices for them; devices for fixing tarpaulins and protective devices for them; devices for identifying damage to tires ; protruding flexible parts of mudguards; lighting equipment; steps in working position, suspended platforms and similar equipment which, in working position, do not exceed 10 mm on each side of the vehicle and facing forward or backward, the corners of which are rounded with a radius of at least 5 mm, and the edges of which are rounded with a radius of at least 2 .5 mm; rearview mirrors; tire pressure indicators; retractable or retractable steps; the curved portion of a tire's surface that extends beyond its point of contact with the ground. 2.4. The axle mass of the vehicle is measured at dynamic vertical load transmitted through a single axle to the road surface from a loaded car. The measurement is carried out by special automobile scales that have passed certification in the prescribed manner. The axle weight of a bogie located on one suspension, taking into account the design of the vehicle, is determined as the sum of the measurements of the mass of each of the axles included in the bogie. 2.5. Full mass of a vehicle or part thereof forming part of a combined vehicle is defined as the sum of the measured masses of all axles of the vehicle or part thereof.3 . Maximum dimensions and other vehicle parameters
The maximum dimensions of vehicles, taking into account the dimensions of swap bodies and containers for cargo, including containers, must not exceed the values given below. 3.1. Maximum length: truck - 12.00 m trailer - 12.00 m articulated vehicle - 16.5 m articulated bus - 18.00 m road train - 20.00 m 3.2 . Maximum width: all vehicles - 2.50 m 3.3 . Maximum height - 4.00 m 3.4 . Max Distance between the axis of constipation of the coupling device and back semi-trailer must not exceed 12.00 m. 3.5. The maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train from the outer front point of the body or platform for placing the load behind the cab to the rear outer point of the trailer, minus the distance between the rear of the tractor and the front of the trailer, must not exceed 15.65 m. 3.6. The maximum distance, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train, from the outer front point of the body or platform for placing cargo behind the cab to the rear outer point of the semi-trailer must not exceed 16.40 m. 3.7. The load installed in the body of the vehicle must not protrude beyond the rear outer point of the vehicle or trailer by more than 2.00 m. 3.8. The distance between rear axle truck and the front axle of the trailer must be at least 3.00 m. 3.9. The horizontally measured distance between the pivot point of the semi-trailer and any point of the front part of the semi-trailer shall not exceed 2.04 m. 3.10. Any vehicle, when moving, must be able to turn within the space limited by an outer radius of 12.50 m and an inner radius of 5.30 m. 3.11. The maximum distance between the locking pin of the hitch and the rear of the combination vehicle must not exceed 12.00 m.4 . Regulatory total mass of vehicles*
* Regulatory total masses of vehicles must not be exceeded by more than 20%.Table 4.1
|
Vehicle type |
Regulatory total weight of the vehicle, t |
|
| Trucks a) two-axle vehicle | ||
| b) three-axle car | ||
| d) a four-axle vehicle with two driving axles, each of which consists of two pairs of wheels and has an air or equivalent suspension | ||
| Vehicles forming part of a combination vehicle (a) Two-axle trailer | ||
| b) three-axle trailer | ||
| Combined vehicles Articulated vehicles | ||
| a) a two-axle tractor with a two-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 11.2 m or more | ||
| b) a two-axle tractor with a three-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 12.1 m or more | ||
| c) a three-axle tractor with a two-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 11.7 m or more | ||
| d) a three-axle tractor with a three-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 12.1 or more | ||
| e) a vehicle consisting of an 18-ton truck and a 20-ton semi-trailer if the vehicle has a drive axle consisting of twin wheels and is equipped with air or equivalent suspension with a total wheelbase of 13.3 m or more | ||
| Road trains a) a two-axle truck with a two-axle trailer with a total base of 12.1 m or more | ||
| b) a two-axle truck with a three-axle trailer with a total base of 14.6 m or more | ||
| c) a two-axle truck with a four-axle trailer with a total base of 16.5 m or more | ||
| d) a three-axle truck with a two-axle trailer with a total base of 14.6 m or more | ||
| e) a three-axle truck with a three-axle trailer with a total base of 15.9 m or more | ||
| f) a three-axle truck with a four-axle trailer with a total base of 18 m or more | ||
| Buses a) two-axle bus | ||
| b) three-axle bus | ||
| c) three-axle articulated bus | ||
| d) four-axle articulated bus | ||
5 . Regulatory axial loads of vehicles
Table 5.1.
Regulatory axial loads of vehicles *
* Axle loads of motor vehicles should not exceed the normative axle loads by more than 40%.
|
Vehicle axle types |
Estimated axial load for which the pavement is designed, tf |
|||
|
gable |
lean-to |
|||
| Single axles | ||||
| Twin axles of trailers, semi-trailers, drive axles of trucks and buses with distances between axles: | ||||
| d) equal to or more than 1.8 m | ||||
| Triple axles of trailers and semi-trailers with distances between axles: | ||||
| a) more than 0.5 m, but less than 1.0 m | ||||
| b) equal to or more than 1.0 m, but less than 1.3 m | ||||
| c) equal to or more than 1.3 m, but less than 1.8 m | ||||
| d) equal to or more than 1.8 m | ||||
| - the same, when mounted on an air suspension or equivalent | ||||
| 1. General Provisions. 2 2. Measurement of the mass and dimensions of vehicles. 3 3. Maximum dimensions and other parameters of vehicles. 4 4. Regulatory total mass of vehicles. 5 5. Regulatory axial loads of vehicles. 6 |
The maximum width of the transported cargo, height and weight must not only correspond to the dimensions of the vehicle, but also comply with the transportation rules approved by regulatory documents. For most cargo transportation, no coordination is required, since the products fit comfortably in the back of a car of the appropriate size and carrying capacity. When transporting voluminous and heavy products, it is necessary to comply with established rules.
Traffic regulations for the carriage of goods
The traffic rules in force on the territory of the Russian Federation clearly define the maximum allowable dimensions of transported goods. by car, as well as the mass and purpose of products. Truck owner on a commercial flight or personal use technology must comply with the following requirements:
- Each vehicle has a maximum allowable load per axle set by the manufacturer. These parameters must be respected under all conditions.
- The dimensions of the width of the transported cargo, its length and height are not significant in case of poor installation and fastening of products in the car body. The driver is responsible for placing and fixing the goods.
- Transportation of cargo must be carried out without restricting the driver's view, interfering with movement, including other vehicles.
- The maximum length of the transported cargo must correspond to the size of the body. If the product protrudes more than a meter, a special designation is required. With a greater excess, the products fall under the category of large-sized and are indicated by special signs.
- The permitted dimensions of the transported cargo in width and height are also strictly regulated.
- Transportation of products that pose a danger to the public, or with overall parameters in width, height or length of 2.55 meters, 4 meters and 20 meters, respectively, falls under the category of oversized. In such cases, the rules provide for the issuance of a special permit.
The cargo taxi "Gazelkin" will carry out the transportation of any product, including large-sized ones. Our equipment fully complies with the requirements of the traffic police, and transportation is carried out with necessary measures precautions.
Responsibility for exceeding the dimensions of the transported cargo or transportation conditions
Compliance with restrictions on the height of the transported cargo, the maximum permitted width and length is prerequisite for each carrier. Freight taxi "Gazelkin" carries full responsibility for compliance normative documents and is not taken for work that does not comply with the rules of traffic rules.
The safety of cargo, road safety are the main criteria for this kind of work. The tolerance of the dimensions of the transported goods is checked by the police, and if the conditions are not met, penalties are imposed:
- In the absence of a designation on the load protruding beyond the body.
- If the transportation of bulky or oversized products is carried out without special permission or, for any requirements, does not comply with the information in the document.
- Penalties apply when exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axle.
- Violation of traffic rules by drivers carrying out the transportation of products or items is not allowed.
- If the consignor has submitted incorrect information about the composition, weight and dimensions of the goods, sanctions are also imposed on him.
- Not the dimensions of goods transported by road, transported in excess allowable weight car, lead to the removal of the car from the route.
When accepting an order, loading and fixing it in the body, it must be taken into account that the fine is imposed on the driver, officials and the owner of a transport company.
Basic rules for the transportation of oversized cargo
Maximum allowable height of the transported load from the ground or the permitted width of the transported load on the trailer, as well as the weight of the product are not the only criteria for quality and safe transportation. Freight taxi "Gazelkin" when accepting orders takes into account a large number of factors that allow you to perform the work as efficiently and rationally as possible.
Qualified employees know exactly how much, according to the rules, can be transported in length, how to stack and fix in the body various items under what conditions a permit will be required. In order to avoid problems for the customer, the following requirements are met:
- Heavier items are placed in the lower part of the body. This arrangement allows you to achieve greater stability of the vehicle, respectively, safety when driving.
- Products are evenly placed in the body, and the gaps between the items are filled with soft pads, foam and other similar materials.
- All products in the body are carefully fixed, and deviations from regular places are monitored during movement. In case of any suspicion, the products are fixed again.
- To inform other road users, a sign “ Oversized cargo". Available additional installation reflective elements.
- When transporting special cargoes, an appropriate permit is issued.
It is allowed to use vehicles with an external and internal turning radius of not more than 12.5 and 5.3 meters, respectively.
In accordance with the accepted rules, the cargo is suitable for bulky if the total weight of the loaded equipment is not more than 38 tons, and also if its length and width do not exceed 24 and 2.55 meters, respectively, and the height is 2.5 meters. In case of any deviation, the products are classified as oversized and require a special permit.
Appeal to the cargo taxi "Gazelkin" is an opportunity to quickly and inexpensively solve the issue of transporting any cargo, regardless of the distance of transportation. The presence of technically trained and serviceable machines of various carrying capacities, as well as professional employees guarantees the impeccable fulfillment of the application. The car will arrive at exactly the specified time to the desired address, and all related issues can be discussed with the manager, available by phone or e-mail.