Medicinal value of mouse peas. Mouse peas - description, useful properties, application

mouse peas

There are plants that are consonant in name, but have huge differences. These include mouse peas and mouse hyacinth. The names sound almost the same and the plants seem to have the same qualities. But in reality it is completely different flowers. So what are they?

Among the people, mouse peas have many names: sparrow pods, crane peas, chenille and others. Perennial peas have a highly developed root system. The main rhizome can go into the ground to a depth of more than two meters. Lateral roots are located on the surface and in a small depth. Mouse peas have thin ribbed stems that can reach a length of over two meters. Thanks to the antennae they have, they are able to "climb" on neighboring plants. This enhances the already abundant branching. Leaves are paired. On one branch there can be up to 12 pairs of leaves 20-25 cm long and up to 8 mm wide. At their end are the antennae. color brushes in in large numbers form one dense one-sided inflorescence. There can be more than ten of them on one stem. Small flowers have an original color - a mixture of purple and blue or purple and blue. White color is extremely rare on a plant such as mouse peas. Dark seeds in the form of balls ripen in oblong beans. On the territory of Russia, it grows almost everywhere, but loves forest and steppe stripes more. Mouse peas can be found both on the edges and in the mountains, in swamps and arid places.

reproduction

Propagated by seeds or vegetatively. Excellent use of cross-pollination. The fruits are tied and ripen only when good conditions and the weather. Therefore, the flower uses the roots mainly for reproduction. Blooms all summer. This is excellent honey plant, which is also an ideal feed for livestock.

mouse hyacinth

Its second name is Muscari. So he is called because of his amazing aroma - it resembles the smell of musk. And the word "mouse" appeared thanks to his small sizes. There are more than forty species of this plant. The most common variety is Armenian Muscari. Differs in decorative effect: inflorescences of the elongated form are painted in blue-lilac colors. small flowers are white, blue or of blue color. This plant looks amazing in a group landing. Dense inflorescences can be compared with small bright berries collected in clusters. The flowers are shaped like small bells. The blooming of the buds occurs very early, in April-May, then a dormant period begins. For propagation, seeds or baby bulbs are used, which grow in abundance. In a few years, a thick coating on the ground can be achieved. With bulbous propagation, seed material is planted early autumn to a shallow depth. Flowers will appear only after a couple of years. Muscari grows on any land, but fertile soil is more suitable for this plant. It winters well, but dies from stagnant water.

Attention!

The plant is very poisonous, it is necessary to work with it, observing precautionary measures.

IPNI TPL Leaves

Seeds are spherical, 2.3-3 mm in diameter, black with spots.

Distribution and ecology

A plant of wide ecology, grows in meadows, slopes, shrubs, forest edges, less often in light forests. As a weed plant, it is found in fields and along roadsides.

Economic importance

Forage, melliferous and medicinal plant.

Seeds being eaten in large quantities, poisonous, poisoning is similar to mild hydrocyanic acid poisoning.

Classification

Mouse peas ( Vicia cracca) described by C. Linnaeus in 1753 in Species plantarum(1753, Sp.Pl.:735) from Europe ("Habitat in Europae pratis, agris").

taxonomic position

Taxonomic scheme:

the Department Flowering, or Angiosperms(classification according to the APG II System)

order Legumes

44 more orders of flowering plants

family Legumes

three more families: Sourced, Quillian, Surian

genus polka dots

another 917 genera, according to The Plant List, four of which belong to the legume tribe: China, Lentil, Pea, Vavilovia

Mouse peas ( Vicia cracca) and more than 120 types

Mouse peas ( Vicia cracca). From left to right: general form plants; stem; leaf with a tendril; flowers.

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Notes

Literature

• Gubanov, I. A. and others. 836. Vicia cracca L. - Mouse peas // . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, In-t technologist. issl., 2003. - V. 2. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dicotyledonous). - S. 479. - ISBN 9-87317-128-9.
• Pavlova N. S. Vicia cracca L. - Mouse pea // Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East: Lycopsoid, Horsetail, Fern-shaped, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms (Flowers): in 8 tons / hole. ed. S. S. Kharkevich. - L.: Nauka, 1989. - / ed. volumes by A. E. Kozhevnikov. - S. 306-307. - 380 s. - 1500 copies. - ISBN 5-02-026590-X. - ISBN 5-02-026577-2 (vol. 4).
• Skvortsov V. E. Educational atlas. Flora Central Russia(for students and naturalists). - M .: CheRo, 2004. - S. 319. - 488 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 5-88711-211-5.

Links

• : information about the taxon in the Plantarium project (a key to plants and an illustrated atlas of species). (Retrieved August 26, 2012)

An excerpt characterizing the mouse peas

As a result of this battle, Kutuzov received a diamond badge, Bennigsen also received diamonds and a hundred thousand rubles, others, according to their ranks, also received a lot of pleasant things, and after this battle, new changes were made in the headquarters.
“This is how we always do it, everything is upside down!” - Russian officers and generals said after the Tarutino battle, - just like they say now, making it feel that someone stupid is doing it upside down, but we wouldn’t have done it that way. But people who say this either do not know the business they are talking about, or deliberately deceive themselves. Every battle - Tarutino, Borodino, Austerlitz - everything is not carried out in the way that its stewards intended. This is an essential condition.
An innumerable number of free forces (for nowhere is a man more free than in a battle where life and death are at stake) influence the direction of the battle, and this direction can never be known in advance and never coincide with the direction of any one force.
If many, simultaneously and diversely directed forces act on some body, then the direction of movement of this body cannot coincide with any of the forces; but there will always be an average, shortest direction, that which in mechanics is expressed by the diagonal of the parallelogram of forces.
If in the descriptions of historians, especially French ones, we find that their wars and battles are carried out according to a predetermined plan, then the only conclusion that we can draw from this is that these descriptions are not correct.
The Tarutino battle, obviously, did not achieve the goal that Tol had in mind: to bring the troops into action in order, according to the disposition, and the one that Count Orlov could have had; capture Murat, or the goal of instantly exterminating the entire corps, which Benigsen and other persons could have, or the goals of an officer who wanted to get into business and distinguish himself, or a Cossack who wanted to get more booty than he got, etc. But , if the goal was what actually happened, and what was then a common desire for all Russian people (the expulsion of the French from Russia and the extermination of their army), then it will be completely clear that the Battle of Tarutino, precisely because of its incongruities, was the very , which was needed during that period of the campaign. It is difficult and impossible to think of any outcome of this battle more expedient than the one that it had. With the least exertion, with the greatest confusion and with the most insignificant loss, the greatest results in the entire campaign were obtained, the transition from retreat to attack was made, the weakness of the French was exposed, and that impetus was given, which was only expected by the Napoleonic army to start the flight.

Napoleon enters Moscow after a brilliant victory de la Moskowa; there can be no doubt about victory, since the battlefield remains with the French. The Russians retreat and give up the capital. Moscow, filled with provisions, weapons, shells and untold riches, is in the hands of Napoleon. The Russian army, twice as weak as the French, does not make a single attempt to attack for a month. Napoleon's position is the most brilliant. In order to fall on the remnants of the Russian army with double strength and exterminate it, in order to negotiate a favorable peace or, in case of refusal, to make a threatening movement on Petersburg, in order even, in case of failure, to return to Smolensk or Vilna , or stay in Moscow - in order, in a word, to keep the brilliant position in which the French army was at that time, it would seem that no special genius is needed. To do this, it was necessary to do the simplest and easiest: to prevent the troops from plundering, to prepare winter clothes, which would have been enough in Moscow for the entire army, and it would be right to collect provisions that were in Moscow for more than six months (according to the indications of French historians) for the entire army. Napoleon, the most brilliant of geniuses and having the power to direct the army, historians say, did nothing of the sort.
Not only did he not do any of this, but, on the contrary, he used his power to choose from all the paths of activity presented to him that which was most stupid and pernicious of all. Of all that Napoleon could do: spend the winter in Moscow, go to St. Petersburg, go to Nizhny Novgorod, go back, north or south, the way that Kutuzov went later - well, whatever you think up is more stupid and more pernicious than what he did Napoleon, that is, to remain in Moscow until October, leaving the troops to plunder the city, then, hesitating whether to leave or not to leave the garrison, leave Moscow, approach Kutuzov, do not start fighting, go to the right, reach Maly Yaroslavets, again without experiencing the chance to break through , to go not along the road along which Kutuzov went, but to go back to Mozhaisk and along the devastated Smolensk road - nothing could be more stupid than this, more detrimental to the army, as the consequences showed. Let the most skillful strategists come up with, imagining that Napoleon's goal was to destroy his army, come up with another series of actions that would, with the same certainty and independence from everything that the Russian troops undertake, would completely destroy the whole French army, like what Napoleon did.

mouse peas- it's perennial herbaceous plant which belongs to the legume family. It grows almost throughout the entire territory of our country in meadows, slopes, edges, in sparse forests, near housing, along roadsides. Mouse peas are known as a valuable honey plant, fodder, and also a medicinal plant.

Description and chemical composition of mouse peas

Mouse peas reach a height of up to 120 cm, have a weak, clinging, branched stem. The leaves are thin, pubescent on one or both sides, pointed or rounded. The flowers of mouse peas are collected in inflorescences-brushes, they have a bright purple, blue-violet, less often white color. The plant blooms in June - August. The fruits are oblong beans.

The part of the mouse pea used includes the grass and the roots of the plant. To date, the chemical composition of this plant has not been fully studied, but it is known that the raw materials contain the following substances:

• alpha-tocopherol;
• carotene;
• vitamin C;
• flavonoids;
• calcium;
• phosphorus.

Medicinal properties of mouse peas

In traditional medicine, due to insufficient knowledge, mouse peas are not used, but since ancient times it has been used in medicine. traditional medicine as a tool with such useful properties:

• anti-inflammatory;
• decongestant;
• wound healing;
• hemostatic;
• absorbable;
• diuretic, etc.

Collection and preparation of mouse peas

The roots and grass of mouse peas are harvested in the summer at any time. The roots are carefully dug up, shaken off the ground, washed and dried on pallets in a ventilated place. Store harvested raw materials in fabric bags in a dry place no more than two years. It is worth noting that during storage, the roots of the plant should not be heavily compacted, but lie loose enough so that they do not become damp and moldy.

Application of mouse peas

1. Pour a teaspoon of dried crushed raw materials with a glass of water.
2. Put on fire and bring to a boil.
3. Boil on low heat for 5 minutes.
4. Insist for 2 hours, strain.
5. Take a third or a quarter cup three times a day.

With puffiness and you can use the following recipe:

1. Pour two tablespoons of chopped mouse pea grass into a glass of water.
2. Bring to a boil and simmer for 5-7 minutes over low heat.
3. Infuse for about an hour, strain.
4. Take orally two tablespoons three times a day.

For bleeding, atherosclerosis, bronchitis, traditional healers recommend taking an infusion, which is prepared as follows:

1. Pour three tablespoons of the dried grass of the plant into two glasses of boiled water.
2. Leave to infuse for 2 hours, then strain.
3. Take half a glass of the prepared remedy three times a day.

With inflammation of the lymph nodes, mammary glands, with benign tumors, rheumatic pains in the joints and hemorrhoids, the infusion prepared according to the previous recipe is used for poultices. The same infusion can be used to prepare lotions for various skin lesions, abscesses, insect bites.

Mouse Pea is a rhizome perennial from the legume or moth family, the genus Peas, the class Angiosperms. In scientific terminology, it is found under the names: large-leaved pea, mouse vetch, crane pea, sparrow flower. Natural distribution area: North America, Western and Eastern Siberia, Far East, Europe. It grows mainly in open grassy areas, on forest edges, along roadsides. Sometimes found in mountainous areas.

plant description

Mouse pea is a herbaceous plant reaching a height of 110–120 m, with a bending branched stem. Its surface is faceted, covered with small grayish villi. The leaves of the next arrangement, 10–13 cm long, are attached to short petioles, there is a pair of swept stipules at the base. The leaf has a complex pinnately dissected configuration, a narrowed shape with an apical point and tendrils. On both sides or on the wrong side there is a slight pubescence.

Inflorescences - group lush racemes, including 20-40 small flowers, 7-10 mm in diameter. Peduncles elongated, axillary type. Corollas themselves come in different colors: purple, white, lilac. The flowering period begins in late May - early June, its length is 3 months. The fruits are oblong-elongated, 15–25 mm long, with internal seed filling of 6–8 pieces. Seeds are rather small balls, grayish-green or dark yellow, with black spots.

The root system includes a central tap root and many long branches. On the shoots there are small buds from which fresh shoots appear. The plant is characterized by the formation of daughter nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the composition, the purpose of which is to enrich the soil with nitrogen.

Mouse peas reproduce both vegetatively and by seeds. The grass is equally resistant to dry weather and dampness. Its life expectancy is about 10 years. Fruiting begins from the third year of growth.

Medicinal use

In folk medicine, the root and the herbaceous component are used as medicinal raw materials. In description chemical composition should be highlighted: ascorbic acid, carotene, proteins and fats, starch, flavonoids, phosphorus, so the grass is known for its medicinal properties. There are no drugs based on this herb in traditional pharmaceuticals.

The seeds of the plant have a bitter taste, which is due to the presence in the shell of a poisonous substance - vicianin glycoside. If you use them, you can get poisoned.

rhizome and all above-ground part plants have been used in medicinal purposes as decoctions and infusions. Grass harvesting is carried out in summer period. Both fresh herbs and dried herbs are suitable for consumption. Fresh infusions are prepared, which are used to treat various skin diseases: boils, purulent abscesses, wounds and abrasions. They also use external lotions based on fresh grass for inflammation, swelling, bleeding, insect bites. To prepare a decoction, you need 2 tbsp. brew spoons of dead wood with boiling water and leave for 1.5–2 hours.

When harvesting grass for the future, it is necessary to grind and dry all the components in a ventilated room, then grind it to a powder state. On the basis of such a powder, infusions are made that are useful for the following diseases:

• Atherosclerosis, bronchitis, blood loss . For this, an infusion of 3 tbsp. l. powder and 400-500 ml of water. After boiling, it is infused for up to 2 hours. It should be taken 3 times a day, 50 ml before meals.
• Hepatitis C . Treatment is carried out with the use of infusion from the rhizome: crumbled pieces should be boiled in 400 ml of water and insisted for 3 hours. Drink 50-60 ml - in the morning, afternoon and evening.
• Ascites and edema - the herb should be boiled for about 8–10 minutes, infused for at least 3 hours. Reception - 2 tbsp. spoons 3 times a day.
• Varicose veins.
• Hemorrhoids - for external treatment.
• Benign tumors - external lotions contribute to rapid softening.
• Rheumatism - herbal infusions reduce pain symptoms.
• epilepsy, instability nervous system. used alcohol tincture as an anticonvulsant and sedative.

The tubers of the plant are edible and, when raw, can blunt hunger. And fresh grass can be added to vegetable salads, soups and used for preservation. To taste, it is similar to peas, only boils faster.

Contraindications

Mouse peas are contraindicated in:

• violation of salt metabolism;
• dehydration of the body;
• pregnancy;
• breastfeeding.

Do not use mouse peas as medicines and food for children. Please consult your doctor before use.

All types of peas are often referred to as mouse peas (not to be confused with peas), although mouse peas are just one of many species of the pea genus. There are more than 150 species of peas, which are distributed mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, especially in the Mediterranean countries, a few - in South America and in the mountains of tropical East Africa. The leaves, as a rule, are paired-pinnate and end with tendrils, with which they cling to surrounding plants or support. Flowers 1-3 in leaf axils on short stalks or collected in racemes. Cultivated species are better known under the name Vika.

To ordinary species applies fence polka dots. Its flowers are purple or pink-violet, often dirty tones, sitting on short peduncles. Beans are narrow, blackening. A remarkable feature of this species is the presence of nectaries on the stipules, the secretions of which attract ants, which, in turn, repel insect pests. By dark stipules, fence peas can be distinguished from all other species of the genus of our flora. This species grows in meadows, light forests, parks and, indeed, near fences.

Under the same conditions, one can often find mouse peas. It is quite bright purple flowers, often with pink tint, in dense multiflorous racemes. The epithet "mouse" in Russian names means "not real" and is usually used for plants (or parts thereof) that look like something, usually smaller. Mousepea beans resemble real peas, but are noticeably smaller in size. It should be remembered that the seeds of all wild legumes are poisonous and contain alkaloids. However, they have an unpleasant taste, so legume poisoning is rare.

Rarely found in forest parks forest peas, with almost white flowers with dark purple or lilac veins, sitting on a long peduncle. Leaves are rounded or ovate. This is indeed a forest species, but prefers light areas or edges. The length of its shoots can reach several meters.

Mouse peas (Vicia cracca L.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Inflorescence - dense unilateral 25-40-flowered axillary racemes, equal to or exceeding leaves. Corolla blue-violet or bluish-lilac, sometimes almost white.
Leaves: Leaves with 6-10(12) pairs of lanceolate leaflets 1.5-3 cm long.
Stem: With thin recumbent, rising and resting ribbed stems up to 150 cm long.
Root: With a long, highly branched rhizome, located in upper layers soil.
Fruit: Beans oblong-rhombic-lanceolate, up to 3 cm long.
Blooms from May to autumn; fruits ripen from June-July.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Mouse pea grows in various meadow cenoses, both upland and floodplain, found along roads, in wastelands and in crops; sometimes forms large clusters.
Prevalence: Distributed almost everywhere in Europe and Asia; as an introduced or alien plant, it is known in all extratropical areas of the northern and southern hemispheres. In Russia, it is found in the European part, in the North Caucasus, in Siberia and in the south of the Far East. common plant in all regions of Central Russia.
Addition: Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. A fodder plant eaten by all types of livestock. It does not tolerate grazing well, but on hayfields it grows intensively and gives afterbirth.

Angustifolia (Vicia angustifolia L.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Flowers axillary, almost sessile, solitary or two, 16-18 mm long. Corolla purplish purple.
Leaves: Leaves with (3) 4-6 pairs of linear, at the apex notched or shortly pointed leaflets about 2.5 cm long; the axis of the leaves ends with a branched tendril.
Height: 15-60(80) cm.
Stem: With an ascending or nearly erect stem.
Fruit: Beans strongly deviated from the stem, linear, up to 4.5 cm long, naked, mature black.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms from May to autumn; seeds ripen from June to July.
Lifespan: An annual plant.
Habitat: The narrow-leaved pea grows along roadsides, on fallow lands, in various places devoid of natural ground cover, in fields and plantations of various agricultural crops.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Western Asia, Iran. In Russia, it is found in the European part, in the North Caucasus, in the south of Siberia. An ordinary plant in all regions of Central Russia.
Addition: Weeds crops of grain crops, but at the same time is a valuable forage plant.

Sowing peas, or Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Flowers axillary, almost sessile, solitary or paired. Corolla pink-purple, up to 26 mm long.
Leaves: The axis of the leaf ends with a branched tendril; leaflets broadly elliptical, rarely lanceolate, 3-8 pairs, truncate or slightly notched at apex.
Height: 20 to 80 cm.
Stem: With ascending or erect stem.
Fruit: Beans stretched or obliquely upward directed.
Flowering and fruiting time:
Lifespan: An annual or biennial plant.
Habitat: It is confined to the outskirts, fallows, borders, ruderal places and to crops, where it infests grain crops and lentils.
Prevalence: Distributed wild in Europe, the Caucasus, Malaya and Central Asia; as an adventive plant, it is found in almost all non-tropical countries. In Russia, in addition to the European part, where it is absent only in the extreme southeast, it grows in Ciscaucasia, Western Siberia and in the south of the Far East.
Addition: Widely cultivated, runs wild easily. Valuable fodder plant widely cultivated for seeds, green fodder and hay. Improves soils as a nitrogen harvesting plant. As a fodder crop, it is sown with oats ("vetch-oat mixture") or barley.

Fence peas (Vicia sepium L.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Flowers collected 2-4 in axillary racemes, sitting on short peduncles. Corolla red-violet or dirty blue.
Leaves: Leaves end in a branched tendril; leaflets 4-8-paired, oblong, elongated at the apex, up to 35 mm long.
Stem: With straight or leaning above-ground shoots reaching a length of 60 cm.
Root: With long underground shoots.
Fruit: Pods are oblong or broad-linear, up to 3.5 cm long, young pubescent, mature glabrous, black, shiny.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms from May to June; seeds ripen in June-July.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Intake peas grow in meadows, among shrubs, along river banks, in villages.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Himalayas. In Russia, it is found in the European part, in the North Caucasus, in Siberia. An ordinary plant in all regions of Central Russia.
Addition: Forage plant, pasture and cutting. Good honey plant.

Wild pea (Vicia sylvatica L.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Peduncles together with the inflorescence-brush significantly exceed the leaves; racemes loose, 8-25-flowered. Corolla up to 15 mm long, off-white with purple veins.
Leaves: The axis of the leaf ends in a branched tendril; leaflets, 8-10 pairs, oblong-elliptical, up to 2 cm long, thin, slightly bluish.
Stem: With a thin clinging stem, reaching a length of 150 cm.
Fruit: Pods are lanceolate, up to 25 mm long.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in June-July; seeds ripen in July-August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Wild pea grows in light forests, growing in clearings, edges and cutting areas.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, with the exception of the northern regions and the extreme south, and a number of regions of Asia. In Russia, it is found in many regions of the European part, except for the southeast, as well as in Siberia. An ordinary plant throughout Central Russia.

Biennial pea (Vicia biennis L.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Flowers are collected in many-flowered (10-15 flowers each), but not very dense racemes; flower stalks exceed the leaves. The corolla is contrastingly colored: with an almost white (light lilac) general background, the dark purple flag and boat at the top stand out brightly.
Leaves: Leaves with 4-6(8) pairs of linear-oblong or lanceolate leaflets about 30 (from 20 to 40) mm long; leaf axis ends with a branched tendril.
Stem: With outstretched or clinging stems up to 150 cm long.
Fruit: Pods lanceolate-linear, about 3 cm long, glabrous, narrowed at both ends.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms from mid to late summer; seeds ripen from August.
Lifespan: Biennial plant.
Habitat: Biennial pea grows on open clay and calcareous slopes, in river valleys, sparse forests.
Prevalence: Distributed in the southeast of the Middle and of Eastern Europe, in the Caucasus. In Russia, it is found mainly in the black earth zone of the European part and in the south-west of Western Siberia. In Central Russia, it grows in the southern regions, rarely to the north.

Kashubian peas (Vicia cassubica L.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Peduncles together with a brush shorter than a leaf; racemes 4-15(22)-flowered, somewhat one-sided. Flowers drooping. Corolla purplish purple.
Leaves: The leaves are located on the stem almost in two rows; leaflets 8-12(15)-paired, oblong, about 2 cm long, as if chopped off and with a short edge; leaf axis ends with a branched tendril.
Stem: With a weak stem 30-70 cm long, usually leaning on other plants.
Root: With thin creeping rhizome.
Fruit: Pods are almost rhombic, 20-25 mm long.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in June-July; seeds ripen from July.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Kashubian peas grow on the edges of various forests (goes under the canopy of sparse plantations) and on grassy slopes, mainly on sandy soil.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, the Caucasus and the north-west of Central Asia. In Russia, it occurs sporadically throughout the European part and in the North Caucasus. Known in all regions of Central Russia.

Hairy pea (Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F.Gray)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Inflorescences of 2-8 flowers, with a relatively long peduncle. Flowers are usually no more than 5 mm long. The corolla is almost white.
Leaves: Leaves end with a branched tendril; leaflets, 4-8 pairs, linear, 0.5-2 cm long.
Stem: With branching from the base thin tetrahedral stems up to 100 cm long.
Root: With a long thin root.
Fruit: Pods oblong-rhombic, flat, drooping, 6-8 mm long, two-seeded, slightly constricted between seeds.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in May-July; seeds ripen from June.
Lifespan: An annual plant.
Habitat: Hairy pea is a weed plant confined to gardens, fields, roadsides, weedy meadows, etc. places.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, except for the northern regions, North Africa, many regions of Asia. In Russia, it is found in many regions of the European part (including all regions of Central Russia), in the Ciscaucasia, Siberia and the Far East.
Addition: Good fodder grass, which gives a small, but valuable green mass in terms of nutritional properties; its admixture in hay significantly improves its quality. Honey plant. Evil weed.

Thin-leaved peas (Vicia tenuifolia Roth)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Flower racemes are long, dense, many-flowered, together with peduncles far exceed the leaves. Corollas dark purple, up to 15 mm long.
Leaves: Leaves with 6-13 pairs of leaflets and a branched tendril at the end of the axis; leaflets are linear, up to 3 cm long, rather rigid, located in two planes extending from each other at an acute angle.
Height: up to 100 cm.
Stem: With erect or ascending strong ribbed stems.
Fruit: Pods are linear-oblong, 20-30 mm long.
Flowering and fruiting time:
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: The thin-leaved pea grows on dry meadow slopes, in meadow steppes, sparse forests, in clearings and edges, on fallow lands and along roads.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, except for the northern regions, and in a number of regions of Asia. In Russia, it is found in the European part, mainly in the black earth zone, in Ciscaucasia and Siberia. It grows in all regions of Central Russia, in the north - quite rarely.

Four-seeded peas (Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Small flowers are located 1-2 on peduncles, approximately equal in length to the leaves. Corolla 5-6 mm long, variegated; the flag is purple, the wings are blue, the boat is white.
Leaves: Leaflets in number 3-4(5) pairs; the leaf axis ends in a tendril.
Height: 20-50 cm.
Stem: With a thin, branched, leaning and clinging stem.
Fruit: Pods oblong or linear, 8-12(15) mm long.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms from May to July; seeds ripen from June.
Lifespan: An annual plant.
Habitat: Four-seeded peas grow on dry floodplain manes, sandy uplands, fallow lands, roadsides and in fields.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Central Asia, Iran; introduced to many non-tropical countries. In Russia, it is found in the European part, Ciscaucasia, in Western Siberia and in the southwest Eastern Siberia. Recorded in all regions of Central Russia.
Addition: A pernicious weed that clogs mainly spring crops; at the same time it is a good fodder for livestock.

Shaggy peas, or winter vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Racemes 15-30-flowered, friable, together with the peduncle exceed the leaves. Lilac corolla.
Leaves: Leaflets, 6-8(10) pairs, linear-lanceolate, up to 30 mm long, 1-3(4) mm wide, obtuse or acuminate, with a few arcuate lateral veins; the leaf axis ends in a tendril.
Height: 30-70(100) cm.
Stem: The stem is weak, climbing, branched.
Fruit: Pods up to 30 mm long, oblong-rhombic.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms from May to July; fruits ripen from June.
Lifespan: An annual, rarely biennial plant.
Habitat: Hairy peas grow along the outskirts of fields, along roads, on fallow lands, clog crops.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, in Asia Minor and Central Asia, Iran. In Russia, it is found in the European part and in the Ciscaucasia. In Central Russia, it is known in all areas, but much more often in the black earth zone.
Addition: Usually a bushy plant. A valuable fodder plant, widely cultivated in southern European regions.

Large-flowered pea (Vicia grandiflora Scop.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Flowers up to 3 cm long, solitary, rarely two or three. Corolla yellow or pale yellow, with purple veins or a purple spot.
Leaves: Leaflets in number of 3-7 pairs, from almost rounded (at the base of the stems) to oblong (in the upper part of the plant), at the top are obtuse, as if chopped off, with a point; the leaves end in a branched tendril.
Height: up to 60 cm.
Stem: With an ascending stem, usually branched from the base, slightly pubescent (like the whole plant).
Fruit: Pods linear, pointed, horizontally spaced.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in April-June; seeds ripen from May.
Lifespan: One or two year old plant.
Habitat: Large-flowered pea grows on open slopes and rocks, in sparse forests, in clearings and edges, as well as in gardens, crops, along roadsides and railway embankments.
Prevalence: Distributed in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe, in the Caucasus. In Russia, it is found in the south of the European part and in the Ciscaucasia. In Central Russia - a rare alien plant found in the Moscow region.

Pannonian peas (Vicia pannonica Crantz)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Flowers about 20 mm long, on short stalks, collected in axillary bunches of 2-4. Corolla yellowish, sometimes almost purple; the flag is pubescent on the outside with long adpressed hairs.
Leaves: Leaves terminate in a simple or branched tendril; leaflets 6-9-paired, up to 18 mm long, usually oblong, obtuse or slightly notched, with a short apex.
Height: 40-60(100) cm.
Stem: With ascending or outstretched stems, branching only at the base.
Fruit: Pods are oblong, up to 3 cm long, drooping, pubescent with adpressed silky hairs.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms from May to July; seeds ripen from June.
Lifespan: An annual plant.
Habitat: Pannonian peas grow on open slopes, along roadsides, along the edges of fields, in crops.
Prevalence: Distributed in the southern half of Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Iran. In Russia, it is found in the southern half of the European part (in the central Russian regions - as an adventive plant) and in the Ciscaucasia.
Addition: Fluffy hairy plant. malicious field weed and at the same time - an excellent fodder plant, cultivated in some European countries, in areas where the pea (Vicia sativa L.) suffers from drought.

Pea-shaped peas (Vicia pisiformis L.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Inflorescence - a brush, composed of 10-15 drooping flowers, having a curved peduncle, the same length as the leaves or somewhat shorter than them. Corolla pale yellow, up to 17 mm long.
Leaves: Leaves with 3-5 pairs of leaflets; their axis ends with a branched tendril; leaflets are large, up to 4.5 cm long, ovate, obtuse; the lower pair is larger than the others and is located at the base of the leaf.
Stem: With a weak, creeping, slightly branched stem, reaching a length of 2 m.
Fruit: Pods oblong-linear, up to 36 mm long, laterally compressed.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in June-July; fruits ripen in July-August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Pea pea grows in light deciduous forests, mainly on edges and clearings, preferring lime-containing soils.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, except for the northern regions. In Russia, it grows in the European part, going north to the taiga region, and in Ciscaucasia. In Central Russia, it is found more often in the black earth zone.
Addition: The whole plant is naked.

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