How to develop logical thinking. How to develop abstract thinking to create, not get up

Interested in how to develop logic? So you understand that without it you can not live. Tips, games and exercises are collected for you in the article.

The ability to think logically is indispensable, because thanks to it you can find a way out of difficult situations, calculate your actions a few steps ahead, anticipate enemy traps, and find a fast path to success.

If you are less fortunate, then you should deal with the fact how to develop logic because without it it is impossible to live in this world.

What is logic and how to develop it?

The word logic itself came to us from the ancient Greek language, in which λόγος is translated as reasoning or thought.

There are plenty of definitions for the term "logic", but I believe that the most correct of them is the ability to think intelligently.

If we consider logic as a science, then it should be understood that this is a branch of philosophy that studies the cognitive intellectual activity of a person.

A person who is able to think logically can, on the basis of the information he has (even if scattered and inaccurate), draw the right conclusion and thus get to the bottom of the truth.

Logic allows you to get acquainted with the nuances of the subject being studied, and not just to gain general knowledge.

Logical judgments were characteristic of different cultures, but the pioneers of logic, the cultures that created a real cult of logic, were Chinese, ancient Greek and Indian, where works on this science appeared as early as the 4th century BC.

Why are so many people today wondering how to develop logic?

Naturally, like most humanities scholars, I studied logic at the university.

This subject, which seemed incredibly boring and useless to many, was taught to us by a true fan of her craft.

The teacher was able to reach out to us and explain why her subject should be given attention and how the ability to think logically will be useful to us in the future.

For the rest of my life I remembered the words of my logic teacher:

It was the ability to think logically that helped our distant ancestors survive among the dangers that await them at every step. Primitive people, being in the wildest environment, analyzed the situation, made conclusions and learned from their own mistakes, which helped them not only survive, but also develop.
Today's scientific and technological progress is certainly pleasant and useful, and I would be lying if I said that I was dissatisfied with it and would like to return to the primitive system, but it is the abundance of computers and other technology in our lives that leads to the destruction of logical thinking.
A person is so accustomed to trusting a machine that is able to think for him that he does not want to strain his thinking once again.
Looking at all this, I think that American films about the subjugation of mankind by robots are not so fantastic.

Fortunately, not everyone is ready to give up logical thinking.

Many people prefer to develop logic, realizing what a serious trump card they will have in front of those who have forgotten how to think logically at all.

Why try to develop logic?

Logical thinking is useful to you in any kind of activity.

Even the cleaner must understand that she needs to mop the floors moving from the far wall to the exit, because if she starts mopping the floors in reverse, she will destroy her work with her own dirty feet.

And managers who are responsible not only for themselves, but also for their subordinates cannot do without logic, so they need to constantly work on its development.

If you are still not sure whether you need to think about how to develop logic, I am ready to give you a few more arguments.

Being able to think logically, we can:

• find the easiest and safest way out of a problem situation;
• avoid both professional and life mistakes;
• to be one step ahead of our ill-wishers and competitors whom God has deprived of logic;
• express your thoughts competently, so that everyone around them understands them;
• quickly formulate a thought so as not to delay the answer to the question posed and not blurt out the first stupidity that came to mind;
• not become a victim of self-deception and deceit by other people;
• it is easy to find arguments in order to bring your own point of view to the interlocutors and persuade them to your side;
• see the mistakes that you or the people around you make and quickly eliminate them.

Games to help develop logic

There are a number of games that both adults and children should play if they want to develop their logic and improve logical thinking:

It's simple: either you learn to think logically, or until the end of your days you will play chess disgustingly.

This game is a little easier than chess, but it also helps a lot.

Another game familiar to many from childhood that develops logic.

Rebuses, scanwords, puzzles.

Yes, and banal crossword puzzles are suitable for developing intelligence and logic.

Associations.

Choose a word and try to come up with as many associations as possible for it.

Reversi or otello.

A board game with black and white pieces and a board that resembles a chess board.

It teaches not only logical, but also strategic thinking.

Erudite or Scrabble.

Words must be made from letters.

Exercises that will help develop logic

If you decide to seriously improve your logical thinking, then games alone are indispensable.

You will have to perform at least one daily, or better, several exercises from this list:

Solving anagrams.

From letters mixed in random order, you need to make a normal word.

Solving special logic puzzles.

Both on the Internet and in bookstores, enough collections with such puzzles are sold.

You can start with this simple one: a man shaves his beard every day, but continues to walk with a beard on his face. How is this possible?

The choice of words that connect two phrases.

For example, “opens doors”, “birds lined up” is the key.

Making crosswords or puzzles.

Come up with 5 ways to use any item

Or find 5 ways out of some situation.

To develop logical thinking, we suggest you immediately go to practice

and solve the puzzle with matches in the following video:

If you are lazy to do exercises daily and are not a hopeless person in terms of logical thinking, then you can develop logic simple ways, imperceptibly even to oneself:

Reading detectives.

The more detective literature you read, the more you will understand the logic of the actions of specialists who are investigating a crime.

Performing some action.

At least sometimes explain to yourself: why are you doing this, what will happen if you don’t, what will be the result if you make a mistake, etc.

1. Learn to write and perform other actions with your left hand if you are right-handed and with your right hand if you are left-handed.

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Every day a person has to look for solutions different problems or just put facts together. In everyday life, we rarely think that such skills can be developed. It seems to many that this is unrealistic for adults, others refer to the lack of time. Today we will consider such a question as the development of logical thinking.

What it is?

In order to fully understand what kind of phenomenon this is, let's pay attention to its components - the actual thinking and logic.

Thinking is understood as a mental process during which information is processed and connections are established between events, objects or phenomena. The factor of subjectivity, that is, a personal attitude to something, is very strong here.
Logic leads to objectivity in our thinking. Simply put, it is the science of correct, true thinking. It has its own methods, laws and forms. The “cornerstone” for her is experience and knowledge, not emotions.

In order to come to simple conclusions, it is enough to common sense. But in difficult situations you can not do without the appropriate thinking, which helps to "work through" the most correct option actions even with a minimum of facts.

Important! The first exercises are best done one-time. For example, solve one crossword puzzle or play a few simple games of chess. This will be enough to get you started.

Logical thinking is a process in which a person resorts to logical concepts based on evidence and reasonableness. Its goal is to get a reasonable conclusion based on "givenness", that is, specific premises.

There are three types of logical reasoning:

• Figurative-logical. With it, the situation is, as it were, “played out” by the imagination, while we recall the images of the objects involved or the features of the phenomena. Yes, you can call it imagination.
• Abstract. Here it is already more complicated, categories, objects or connections that do not exist in reality (that is, abstractions) are used.
• verbal in which people share their logical judgments with others. Here, not only the tendency to analyze is important, but also competent speech.

Having learned what logic is, let's see how it can be useful in life.

What is it for?

The ability to think logically is valuable for everyone, regardless of the type of activity. True, for some it is a means of obtaining a general, everyday conclusion, while others use formalized and strict logic (engineers, philosophers, mathematicians).

Did you know? Aristotle was the first to systematize knowledge of logic. The philosopher wrote a series of six works on basic concepts and categories. This collection is known as the Organon.

Mind training helps:

• Faster and more accurate to draw the right conclusions even in;
• Calculate soberly, avoiding self-deception and not allowing yourself to be deceived;
• Fix your own mistakes and ;
• State your arguments clearly and concisely;
• Persuade the interlocutor, giving the necessary arguments.

Any of these points is worth thinking about working on your logical apparatus. Having mastered these techniques, you can quickly separate the necessary data from the verbal or documentary “husk”. There is also a psychological point: with such an “arsenal”, a person is not afraid of difficulties and confidently achieves academic success or career heights.

Logical thinking: innate or acquired?

The ability to think logically is a trait that people acquire. This is confirmed by both psychologists and other specialists. No one is born with the gift of logical thinking already formed.

Even the simplest level, figurative-logical, manifests itself by the age of one and a half years, when they begin to analyze everything that surrounds them, and gradually separate the important from the secondary.

Such skills are often called experiential, that is, those that are associated with personal experience. Unfortunately, templates are often added to them, which are “driven in” by the environment. This is how you lose your ability to think critically.

Meanwhile, anyone can reach the level of abstraction. Often we talk about non-existent phenomena without even thinking about the fact that our logical apparatus is working hard at this time.
Teachers and "techies" will confirm that own experience and regular training perfectly develops logic, even if a person was far from regular multi-level thinking. There would be a desire.

Can adults develop logical thinking?

It is possible and even necessary. The world is changing very quickly, and with the old “baggage” of knowledge, it can be difficult to think about something in a balanced way. Many people think that the basics received at school or university will be enough, but this is not entirely true.

It happens that the first levels are passed easily, and then it’s already “parking”. Do not despair, give a little rest, and the solution will surely come.

Do not be afraid to peep the answers (especially at the very beginning of classes). Knowing the input data and solutions, you can calculate a logical solution path and apply it to other situations.

Important! It also helps to read serious books - historical, philosophical or popular science. It’s not worth “swallowing” them hundreds of pages, read a little, pondering the information.

In many serious companies, HR specialists give candidates such problems in the course of the process, evaluating the speed of the solution and the reasoning of the answer. They can be both purely professional and without reference to the type of activity. So the logic will have to work.

Board games

The first thing that comes to mind is chess. A leisurely game requires analysis and thoughtfulness, while reaction speed is not needed here. You can play with anyone, but it is better to choose a stronger opponent who can show the fastest and most effective combinations. After a few games, you will notice that you yourself are playing complex etudes, counting on a move - two ahead.

There are also a lot of other games - whole thematic sets are offered, based on the plots of popular books or TV shows. So you can have a great time with friends or family, at the same time keeping the logic “in good shape”.

There are also plenty of such games for ingenuity. This is a great tool for those who are thinking about how to develop logic. Some of them come with a countdown, but this should not be annoying.
All of them use the principle of "cause and effect". That is, the original data may have several solutions, but only one will be correct. For all the seeming simplicity, it will be difficult for an unprepared person at first - the answer options often seem mutually exclusive, although they are composed in such a way that, it seems, any one fits. This is the essence of training.

Did you know? One of the "fathers" of modern (or non-classical) logic is the Russian philosopher Nikolai Aleksandrovich Vasiliev. Having begun work back in tsarist times, already in 1918 he entered the list of "old" scientists recognized by the Soviet government.

The number of questions can be anything - from 10 or more, so you can "indulge" in such tasks even at lunchtime.

Crosswords and puzzles

Everything is simple here. In an effort to fill in all the cells with the missing words, we “scroll” all our knowledge.

Japanese Sudoku is more difficult. You have to fill in the cells so that in each 3x3 square (and there are usually 9 of them), the numbers from 1 to 9 come across once, and with large lines and columns the same story. Start with the simplest ones, usually the difficulty is indicated in the task.

An excellent way would be to solve graphic crosswords, at least the same Japanese ones. They have one solution in the form of a picture. It will turn out if you shade the cells correctly (focusing on the indicated numbers). Here, too, you can peep the solution and compare it with the initial data - it can be difficult to navigate right away.

You can try to make your own crossword puzzle. Guessing can be more difficult than looking for an answer, especially since you have to correlate the arrangement of letters and cells.

The study of deduction and induction

In order not to complicate things, we immediately note that the deductive method provides for a conclusion from the general to the particulars, and induction, on the contrary, brings the scattered to the general.

Important! The diary helps to analyze the connection of events. To some, it seems archaic, but at times it is useful to re-read old entries and restore them in subsequent actions and “calculate” possible options their development.

Deduction- this is pure logic, but it has one weakness: the initial facts must be true. Here is an example of such a conclusion: “all racing cars are difficult for ordinary drivers”, “I am an ordinary driver”, therefore “I will not cope with a powerful car on the track”.

In life, we often use inductive way, such reasoning is based on facts that may not be true. Then our conclusions have to be substantiated. Often this leads to hasty generalizations and wrong decisions. There is also the so-called incomplete induction, in which the conclusion significantly exceeds the "sum" of individual facts.

These abilities can be developed by mentally “chasing away” various everyday situations and cases.

We develop logical thinking in children

When working with, you have to take into account their age. It is worth remembering this when thinking about how to develop logical thinking in a child.

At different stages of development, equally diverse logical methods are used:

• For the smallest (up to 3 years), clarity and simplicity are important. At this stage, the foundations are laid: kids learn to distinguish between different things and (objects are used for various purposes and cubes, excellent in coloring).

Did you know? Mastering logical techniques at an early age sometimes leads to unusual results. For example, the legendary mathematician William Sidis consciously called himself an atheist at the age of six, which was a bold step for America at the beginning of the 20th century.

• At the age of 3-4 years, verbal-figurative logic is fixed. The easiest way is to draw with one extra object. The child is offered to tell why he is not suitable. You can also play with words.
• Before school (5 - 6 years old) they take the simplest tasks with numbers and graphic games, and complicate speech and question games;
• After 7 years, they try to improve their speech skills, develop the ability to generalize, analyze and search for cause-and-effect relationships. During this period, they move to abstractions.

To make it interesting for children, classes are held in game form. Individual inclinations are also taken into account. At the same time, tasks are not solved “on the forehead” - if it is difficult for a child, then they are simplified. And, of course, no notes.

Puzzles

They must be age appropriate. In this case, the child imagines what objects or phenomena are mentioned in the task. The main emphasis is on figurative thinking - in the form of a riddle, kids usually reveal new "facets" of the things around them.

This approach allows you to evaluate everything that happens in a multifaceted way. The most effective interval for such exercises is from 2 to 5 years.

In any children's store, there are many such sets. Again, choose based on age.

For kids, it is better to choose a set of large figures (the same cubes or balls). They do not contain elements that a child can inadvertently swallow. Assembling simple structures from them (snakes, houses, etc.), you activate the logical apparatus - the baby remembers character traits and tries to recreate them.
To the services of those who are older - prefabricated modules such as "Lego". Here you have to work according to the instructions, correlating the details with the image. The help of parents will be very helpful. Such sets have another plus - nodes can be combined. For example, to assemble another house or another car from “blocks”. It will only benefit by developing thinking.

It is more difficult with younger schoolchildren - it is not easy to tear modern children away from gadgets, and you will not interest them in banal cubes. This is where parents come into play. In stores you can see kits for assembling models of aircraft or ships. If you buy a set of initial complexity with a small number of parts, you can not only interest the child, but also spend more time with him - without the help of his father, he is unlikely to immediately collect what is in the picture.

Games

For kids, games with geometric figures are suitable. Offer to find the extra one or collect the same ones. At the same time, ask how they differ.

Did you know? Collecting Rubik's cubes for speed began immediately after their appearance. The current record belongs to Colin Barnes (5.25 s). But the Brazilian Pereira Campagna, with a result of 25.14 s, is hardly inferior to him in skill - he collected the piece ... with his feet!

Here the association is also connected - by showing the figure, you can ask what it resembles. For spatial imagination, they are folded into the simplest structures such as a house.

Speech games are also important, especially those focused on the difference: “in spring it is warm, and in winter it is ...”. If this is a stage already passed, they name the objects and ask them to say which group they belong to.
Older children can be shown the basics of playing chess or checkers. Explaining the move of the figures, you seem to provoke the child to try different variants. Simple "tic-tac-toe" should not be forgotten either.

Puzzles

Such logical "alphabets" lay the foundations of thinking. Their elements are made large and safe for children.

Popular types are dies that connect if the patterns on them match desired color or a letter. For example, one has a black cat

True, it is better to postpone complex monochromatic sections like the image of the sky - if it was not possible to collect it right away, the child may lose interest or lose faith in his strength.

We learned how to "develop" your logic skills and what it takes. As you can see, it is quite simple for both an adult and a child. Good luck in training!

Thinking is an integral part of human life. The definition of this concept was given in antiquity. Scientists and thinkers have been interested in this issue at all times. And to date, this phenomenon cannot be considered fully understood.

History of the study of thinking

At all times, scientists were interested in such a phenomenon as thinking. The definition of this concept was given in the ancient period. Wherein Special attention devoted to understanding the essence of invisible phenomena. was the first to raise this issue. It is to him that mankind owes the appearance of such concepts as truth and opinion.

Plato considered this issue a little differently. He believed that thinking is a cosmic entity that the human soul possessed before entering the earthly body. He thought it was not creative activity, and reproductive, aimed at "remembering" the knowledge that was "forgotten". Despite the rather fantastic reasoning, it is Plato who deserves the merit in studying such a concept as intuition.

Aristotle gave a thorough explanation of what thinking is. The definition included such categories as judgment and inference. The philosopher developed a whole science - logic. Subsequently, on the basis of his research, Raymond Lully created the so-called "thinking machine".

Descartes perceived thinking as a spiritual category, and considered systematic doubt to be the main method of cognition. Spinoza, on the other hand, believed that physical way actions. The main merit of Kant was the division of thinking into synthetic and analytical.

Thinking: Definition

The processes occurring in the human brain have always aroused increased interest. Therefore, there are many theories about what thinking is. The definition suggests the following: it is a cognitive activity that is carried out by a person. This is a kind of way of perception and reflection of reality.

The main result of mental activity is a thought (it can manifest itself in the form of awareness, concept, idea, or in other forms). However, do not confuse this process with feeling. Thinking, according to scientists, is inherent only to man, but sensory perceptions animals and lower forms of life organization also possess.

It is worth noting a number distinctive features that characterize thinking. The definition of this term gives the right to say that it allows you to receive information about those phenomena that cannot be perceived through direct contact. Thus, the relationship of thinking with analytical abilities is noted.

It is worth noting that a person's ability to think manifests itself gradually, as the individual develops. So, when a person cognizes the norms of the language, features environment and other forms of life, it begins to acquire new forms and deep meanings.

Signs of thinking

Thinking has a number of defining features. The following are considered the main ones:

• this process allows the subject to navigate in interdisciplinary relationships, as well as to understand the essence of each specific phenomenon;
• it arises on the basis of existing theoretical knowledge, as well as previously performed practical actions;
• the thought process is always based on fundamental knowledge;
• as it develops, thinking can go far beyond practical activities and existing ideas about certain phenomena.

Basic mental operations

The definition of the word "thinking" at first glance does not reveal the whole essence of this process. To better understand its meaning, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the basic operations that reveal the essence of the term:

• analysis - division of the studied subject into components;
• synthesis - the identification of relationships and the unification of disconnected parts;
• comparison - identification of similar and different qualities of objects;
• classification - identification of the main features with subsequent grouping according to them;
• concretization - the allocation of a certain category from the total mass;
• generalization - combining objects and phenomena into groups;
• abstraction - the study of a particular subject independently of others.

Aspects of thinking

Thinking and approach to problem solving are influenced by significant aspects that are formed in the process of human life. It is worth noting the following significant points:

• the national aspect is the mentality and specific traditions that are historically embedded in a person living in a certain area;
• socio-political norms - are formed under the pressure of society;
• personal interests are a subjective factor that can affect the final solution of a problematic issue.

Types of thinking

As already mentioned, even in the ancient period, this concept was defined. The types of thinking are:

• abstract - implies the use of associative symbols;
• logical - established constructions and common concepts are used;
• abstract-logical - combines the operation of symbols and standard constructions;
• divergent - search for several equal answers to the same question;
• convergent - allows only one correct way to solve the problem;
• practical - implies the development of goals, plans and algorithms;
• theoretical - implies cognitive activity;
• creative - aims to create a new "product";
• critical - checking available data;
• spatial - the study of an object in all the variety of its states and properties;
• intuitive - a fleeting process with a lack of clearly defined forms.

Phases of thinking

Researchers pay attention to the active, dynamic nature of thinking. Considering that its main goal is to solve problems, the following main phases can be distinguished:

• awareness of the presence of a problem (is the result of a flow of information that has been processed over a certain period of time);
• search for a possible solution and the formation of alternative hypotheses;
• comprehensive testing of hypotheses for their applicability in practice;
• problem solving is manifested in getting an answer to a problematic question and fixing it in the mind.

Levels of thinking

Determining the level of thinking first interested Aaron Beck, who is rightfully considered the father of cognitive psychology. He believed that at the unconscious level, a person is guided by beliefs and established patterns. In this regard, the following levels of thinking are distinguished:

• arbitrary thoughts that are on the surface of consciousness (they are easy to realize and control);
• automatic thoughts are some stereotypes that have become established both in society and in the mind of a person (in most cases they are laid down in the process of education and training);
• cognitive beliefs are complex constructs and patterns that arise at the unconscious level (they are difficult to change).

Thinking Process

The definition of the process of thinking says that it is a set of actions by which a person solves certain logical problems. As a result, fundamentally new knowledge can also be obtained. This category has the following features:

• the process is indirect;
• relies on previously acquired knowledge;
• largely depends on the contemplation of the environment, but is not reduced to it;
• connections between different categories are reflected in verbal form;
• is of practical importance.

Qualities of the Mind

The definition of the level of thinking is inextricably linked with the definition. These include the following:

• independence - the ability to generate original ideas and thoughts without resorting to the help of others, without using standard schemes and without succumbing to extraneous influence;
• curiosity - the need for new information;
• speed - the time that passes from the moment the problem is recognized to the generation of the final solution;
• breadth - the ability to apply knowledge from different industries to the solution of the same problem;
• simultaneity - the ability to look at a problem from different angles and generate versatile ways to resolve it;
• depth is the degree of mastery of a particular topic, as well as understanding the essence of the situation (implies an understanding of the causes of certain events, as well as the ability to foresee a further scenario for the development of events);
• flexibility - the ability to take into account the specific conditions in which a problem arises, moving away from generally accepted patterns and algorithms;
• consistency - establishing the exact sequence of actions in solving problems;
• criticality - the tendency to deeply evaluate each of the emerging ideas.

What methods of determining the level of thinking are known?

The researchers noted that thought processes in different people flow differently. In this regard, there is a need for such work as determining the level of logical thinking. It should be noted that quite a lot of methods have been developed on this issue. The following are most commonly used:

• "20 words"- This is a test that helps to identify a person's ability to memorize.
• "Anagrams"- a technique that is aimed at determining the ability to combinatorial thinking. Also, the test allows you to identify the propensity to communicate.
• "Identification of significant features"- a method for determining thinking, which is designed to reveal a person's ability to distinguish between primary and secondary phenomena.
• "Learning Words"- determines the extent to which the abilities associated with the memorization and reproduction of information are developed. The test also allows you to assess the state of memory and concentration in people suffering from mental illness.
• "Quantitative relations"- a test for the level of logical thinking in adolescents and adults. The conclusion is made on the basis of the solution of 18 tasks.
• "Link's Cube"- this is a technique that is aimed at identifying a person's special abilities (observation, a tendency to analyze, the ability to identify patterns, etc.). By solving constructive problems, one can assess the degree of ingenuity of a person.
• "Building a Fence"- a test for the level of development of thinking. It is revealed how well the subject understands the final goal, how accurately he follows the instructions. The pace and coordination of actions are also considered determining factors.

How to develop thinking: step by step instructions

If the test for the definition showed unsatisfactory results, do not immediately give up. This ability can be developed in the following way:

• write down your ideas, as well as the progress of solving the problem (this allows you to use more parts of the brain);
• pay attention to logic games(the most striking example is chess);
• buy several collections of crosswords or puzzles and devote all your free time to solving them;
• to activate brain activity, it is necessary (this may be an unexpected change in the daily routine, new way performing habitual activities)
• physical activity (it is best to give preference to dancing, as they make you constantly think and remember the pattern of movements);
• engage in fine arts, which will help you find new ways to present your ideas;
• make your brain absorb new information(you can start learning a foreign language, watch a documentary, read an encyclopedia section, etc.);
• approach problem solving systematically, not chaotically (this process includes an established sequence of stages - from recognizing the problem to developing a final solution);
• do not forget about rest, because in order for the brain to work most productively, it needs time to recover.

Thinking and psychology

It is worth noting that this concept is very actively studied in psychology. The definition of thinking is simple: the totality of processes of mental activity on which cognitive activity is based. This term is associated with such categories as attention, association, perception, judgment, and others. It is believed that thinking is one of the highest functions of the human psyche. It is considered as an indirect reflection of reality in a generalized form. The essence of the process is to identify the essence of objects and phenomena and establish relationships between them.

Thinking- a tool that every person who decides various tasks in life. Thinking can be developed, its speed, depth, freedom, meaningfulness can be changed. Also, thinking can become more interesting and positive.

Development of logical thinking

Logical thinking very useful for every person. It will facilitate the understanding of any laws in science or society. Logic is often needed in everyday life.

The brain needs constant training in order to maintain its mental activity, to have good thinking and memory. Regular workouts can improve mental performance.

Have fun with benefits

1. Start solving logic puzzles for children and adults (puzzles, find 10 differences, riddles for attention).
2. Find games that develop attention and logic that you can play with friends and no matter how old you are, it will be fun and enjoyable to spend time with friends.
3. Use IQ tests. There are interesting tasks that require a lot of logical thinking. Although there are many others besides IQ tests.

educate yourself

For example, you can start with the mega-helpful course "Money and the Mind of a Millionaire".

Development of critical thinking

Critical thinking is a step towards active, creative methods. What is critical thinking?

1. Thinking is independent, and the owner puts his ideas, evaluates the situation, has his own beliefs regardless of others.
2. Receiving information is only the beginning, and the end will be processing, that is. generating a complex thought as a conclusion. Another thought is subjected to critical reflection.
3. This kind of thinking starts with questions and identifying problems.
4. Critical thinking is persuasive arguments, evidence, conclusion.
5. Such thinking helps to exchange opinions and points of view.

How to develop critical thinking?

1. Assess reality. Reality is a world independent of your desires. Your thinking will be most effective if you learn to understand and "translate" this reality.
2. Mass hobbies. Any concept becomes popular a large number of people accept it, that is, they create a crowd. And there can be no question of critical thinking there, but only of consistency. Think before you join.
3. Draw parallels between observation and inference.
4. Don't judge a situation or a person until you've verified your information.
5. Don't lose your sense of humor.
6. Be curious. There are many unknown, interesting, shocking things in the world. The presence of curiosity indicates the presence of the mind. A curious person is looking for new ways, ways to solve problems, for example, which gives him new opportunities.
7. Do not give free rein to emotions, because they can cloud the mind. A prime example anger can be used to make you do things you will regret.
8. Don't overestimate yourself.
9. Learn to listen to people.
10. Use your intuition, do not ignore. Because such thoughts can come to your mind at a subconscious level. This is the result of once accepted information, which you probably don’t remember anymore.

Tasks for the development of thinking

1) What number is hidden under the car?

2) Find an extra piece. Only 15% of people can cope with this task.

3) Where does the bus go?

1. 87, just flip the photo.
2. The answer is -1, because it is a standard, because the rest of the figures of its modification, either the shape, or the color, or the frame has been changed.
3. With the bus moving forward and moving along right side, as is customary, it moves to the left. Because the door is not visible.

The development of speed reading

Fast reading will always allow you to read more interesting and useful books, as well as excellent will develop thinking. Sign up for our 30 Day Speed ​​Reading course. We will teach you not only to read faster, but also to think faster, understand and remember the text, as these are the basic requirements for the reading process.

Verbal counting

Learn how to quickly and correctly add, subtract, multiply, divide, square numbers and even take roots. I will teach you how to use easy tricks to simplify arithmetic operations. Each lesson contains new techniques, clear examples and useful tasks.

Money and the mindset of a millionaire

Knowing the psychology of money and how to work with them makes a person a millionaire. 80% of people with an increase in income take out more loans, becoming even poorer. Self-made millionaires, on the other hand, will make millions again in 3-5 years if they start from scratch. This course teaches the proper distribution of income and cost reduction, motivates you to learn and achieve goals, teaches you to invest money and recognize a scam.

Development of creative thinking

Creative thinking- thinking, in which the owner finds unusual solutions, improved or shorter, the best. Creative thinking will allow you to generate new ideas.

Creative thinking will give you the opportunity to try your hand at art. You must be able to find yourself in music or drawing, poetry or something unusual. For example, creating sculptures from improvised means and so on.

We offer several interesting exercises for the development of creative thinking:

1. Find a drama or horror movie and remake it into a comedy genre.
2. Also try the opposite. Turn comedy into drama.
3. Come up with a script for a movie. Take 2-3 pairs of people who have disagreements with each other and develop this plot.
4. Imagine some person or animal or object that could become a serial killer.

Thus, scripts for films and books can appear. And the very process of such a game will be fun for you and the circle of people with whom you will try to discuss it. This exercise is more interesting to perform in the company of friends and acquaintances.

Development of thinking in children

The mental activity of the child has a special structure of cognition. Being born, the baby begins to study everything around, draw parallels, look for connections between his discoveries. Gradually developing, the child begins to reason, imagine, a fantasy world appears, and speech not only appears, but also becomes more literate over time.

Anagrams

Gorbov-Schulte tables

Color Matrix Game

A great simulator for your thinking will be the game "color matrix". A field of cells will open in front of you, each of which will be painted over with one of two colors.

Your aim: determine which color is more. The game, of course, is on time and therefore you have to try. As the game progresses, the field will expand with correct answers or narrow if the answers are incorrect.

Game "Quick Score"

The game "quick count" will help you improve your thinking. The essence of the game is that in the picture presented to you, you will need to choose the answer "yes" or "no" to the question "are there 5 identical fruits?". Follow your goal, and this game will help you with this.

Game "Simplify"

The game "Simplify" is a wonderful simulator, not only for mental counting, but also for logic. You will find examples both simple and complex. But not everything is so complicated in reality, you just need to guess how to simplify or find the answer from the suggested answers. To do this, you will have to reason logically!

Number Reach: Revolution game

Interesting and useful game"Numerical Reach: Revolution" to help you improve and develop memory. The essence of the game is that the monitor will display the numbers in order, one at a time, which you should remember and then play. Such chains will consist of 4, 5 and even 6 digits. Time is limited. How many points can you score in this game?

Game "Memory Matrix"

"Memory Matrix" is a great game for training and developing memory. In the presented game, you will need to remember the placement of the shaded cells, and then reproduce them from memory. How many levels can you pass? Remember, time is limited!

Lessons in the development of thinking

A good exercise for creativity, as you complete the field, you will understand how highly developed your thinking is. Below you will see a field made of crosses. Your goal is to draw a picture for each cross. Thinking, creativity and imagination come into play:

When you fill it out, pay attention to this picture (below), maybe you will find some of the drawings you just drew.

Also try the field not with crosses, but with other shapes or, simply, with a different blank. It can be triangles, circles, squares and so on. For example:

And another example:

Exercise - Architect

Imagine that you are an architect. Your goal is to design a house. It doesn't matter if you can draw or not, whether you can draw, it doesn't matter. The essence is completely different and no less interesting. Put a piece of paper in front of you and write ten nouns on it. They can be absolutely anything: orange, water, tomato, cloud, smoke, and so on ... Then the fun begins. These ten words become the terms of the customer. If orange, then you can paint the roof of the house in orange. Water? Make a river behind the house. Tomato? Paint the floor of your house red. Here your imagination and thinking are released into the wild. Try to make it as interesting as possible, come up with words as difficult as possible.

Technologies for the development of thinking

Development technology critical thinking presented in three stages:

1. Challenge. A gap is sought in previously acquired knowledge or experience, which is now the goal of elimination. That is, the goal is to close this gap in knowledge.

2. Understanding. A person who has a serious goal of developing critical thinking must realize that it is necessary to keep a diary, draw tables in order to determine the level of understanding of a particular topic, information.

3. Reflection. At the stage of reflection, a person forms his attitude to the text, information, book, picture. This relationship is often written down or discussed with someone. This method will help not only in the development of critical thinking, but also in the development of communication skills.

The development of thinking in children 4-5 years old

Eat good exercise for children to help them in the development and training of thinking. These are the most simple exercises, which will surely help them think and apply thinking to answer the question. If the child finds it difficult, then just push him.

Examples of exercises for the development of thinking

Exercise 1. The goal of the child is to find an extra word. Below are rows of 4 words, and one of them is superfluous and your child must determine which one. Ask him the question "why did he choose this word?"

Birch, pine, linden, apple tree.
Bed, table, chest of drawers, spoon.
Oak, chamomile, rose, tulip.
Fork, spoon, chair, knife.
Candy, soup, halva, jam.
Skirt, hat, dress, slippers.
Apple, beetroot, pear, grapes.

Exercise 2. You come up with a word for the child, and he answers what this person needs from things. It may not be a person at all, but an animal or a bird, and the child names their elements. For example:

Sparrow - branches, grains, puddle.
Doctor - gown, mask, syringe.
Janitor - broom, bucket, rake.
Small baby - rattle, diaper, nipple.
Dog - booth, bone, leash.
Seller - cash desk, goods, calculator.
Bee - flowers, nectar, beehive.
Artist - paints, brushes, canvas.
Mother - ...?
And you will learn a lot of interesting things about your status :)

Exercise 3 Name the components of certain objects, objects. The task is very difficult. During the exercise, the child’s vocabulary will be replenished, since not all words are known to him yet, and you will help him with this. So:

Car - wheels, body, headlights, steering wheel (let the kid name as many elements as possible) ship - ...
airplane - ...
train - ...
bike - ...
trolleybus - ...
table - ...
armchair - ...
book - ...
computer - ...
guitar - ...
piano - ...
drum - ...
house - ...
fence - ...
flower - ...
tree - ...
mushroom - ...
bug - ...
butterfly - ...
dog - ...
Human - ...
apple - ...
watermelon - ...

The development of thinking in children 6-7 years old

Exercise 1: Which vehicle is the odd one out of the four?

Exercise 2: Logic task. Petya is stronger than Misha, but weaker than Kolya. Who is the weakest guy?

Exercise 3: There are three buckets: green, yellow, blue. Grandfather, grandmother and grandson carried water in different buckets (each has its own color). Grandfather had neither green nor blue. Grandma's is neither green nor yellow. What was the grandson?

It would also be helpful to teach your child how to play chess. This game perfectly develops the sense of thinking, logic, mental counting and many other senses.

For the game "chess" a lot of problems are constantly being composed and invented. For example: mate in 1 move or mate in 2 moves, so it can be in 4. Problems are very interesting, and being able to solve them means having good thinking.

The development of thinking in children 8-9 years old

What becomes older child, the more difficult the tasks must be for him. Below are exercises that will help the child to tense up, think, reflect and argue their answer:

Exercise 1: What can be common and what is the difference between the following pairs of words?

1. table chair
2. bird, plane
3. Heaven, earth
4. Day Night
5. Hill, hole
6. skis, skates
7. tree, bush

Let them explain their position.

Exercise 2: How can you seat 6 children on 2 sofas? How to seat on 3 sofas? The answer should be given in numbers, and all possible answers should be used.

Exercise 3: The child is called a series of words, and the goal of the child is to combine the words with one concept:

1. perch, crucian, pike (fish)
2. elephant, giraffe, ant (animals)
3. autumn, summer, winter (seasons)
4. shovel, rake, broom (tools)
5. cheese, sour cream, butter (dairy products)
6. arm, ears, legs (parts of the body)

Properties of thinking

There are several properties of thinking, which we have analyzed below:

Thinking speed

Each person has their own speed of thinking, and therefore each person copes with the task in different ways. There are methods to increase the speed of thinking:

1. Do facial exercises, that is. normal warming up of the facial muscles.
2. Stop being lethargic, sleepy and expressionless. The more alive you and your facial expressions, the more alive and thinking!
3. Increase the speed of internal reasoning and thoughts. This will help speed up your thinking.
4. Try to massage your head regularly. Massage stimulates the vessels of the brain, which improves their work, and at this moment great thoughts may come to your head.
5. Speed ​​reading training. By perceiving the text faster, you not only improve the speed of reading, but also the speed of thought. Indeed, if you read faster and remember what you read, then your thoughts also speed up.

Meaningful thinking

The most common type of thinking - internal chatter - is negative thinking, it "seems to fill" spiritual emptiness, is an illusion. Such thinking is a problem, an obstacle to concentration on any business. To keep thinking clear, you need to perform actions fully comprehending them. It is also desirable to write down thoughts, draw, tell stories to friends, acquaintances, relatives.

Take notes and draw Get into the habit of expressing your thoughts in writing or drawings. Some people, explaining or telling something, not only speak, but also draw, that is, lay a picture for you, clarify the situation.

Tell your thoughts It will be useful to express your thoughts to others who will be really interested in it. By telling this to someone, you will be able to receive feedback. And it will be a plus that the more you tell your thoughts, the more understandable they will be for you (if there were any points that were not clear).

Discuss Discussing thoughts is an effective thing. One head it's good, but two better. The main thing is that the discussion does not turn into a quarrel. If you suddenly do not agree with the thesis of the interlocutor, then make up your own, but do not start a heated argument, but have a calm conversation.

Watch your speechThinking and speech are closely related to each other. Therefore, in order to contribute to the development of thinking, it is worth building your speech correctly. Tip: exclude the words “problems”, “horror”, “difficult”, include “interesting”, “goal”.

Why are speech and thought closely related? Thinking is fleeting, it is difficult to remember, but speech is a different story. Speech is memorable and easier to track. Want to improve your thinking? Pay attention to your speech.

Pay attention to someone else's speech It is easier to follow someone else's speech than your own. Because someone else's speech is something new and all the flaws and failures in logic are heard in it. Studying the mistakes of someone else's speech will help you in finding mistakes in your own speech.

Improve your writing skills Text analysis can be compared to listening to someone else's speech. In both cases, you are looking for errors, roughness and take notes. Improving thinking depends on the ability to process texts.

Depth and freedom of thought

People use their thinking in different ways and with varying degrees of freedom. It all depends on the position of perception. The depth and freedom of thinking can be represented as several criteria:

1. pattern thinking, as a rule, this is the look of an egoist: “I forgot - it means I don’t respect”, “I didn’t kiss - it means I don’t love” and so on.
2. My interests: Does it concern me and my plans? “I was cooking dinner, but he didn’t distract me - well, okay. If I wanted to kiss, then that’s exactly what I wanted, which means I’ll kiss when he comes”
3. Interests of relatives: "He was in such a hurry that he even forgot to kiss me. I love him:)"
4. Objectivity: "The world is a stream of neutral events, nothing serious happened, he was just in a hurry."
5. Systemic view A: He ran to work, taking care of us! My love!
6. Angel Position: My husband works for people, and this is very important. I'm proud of them!

Efficiency of thinking

To create more effective thinking, you need to master meaningful thinking, and then master the ways to increase the efficiency of thinking:

1. Move from your experiences to the specifics.
2. Replace negative thinking with positive.
3. Find a bridge from right thinking to productive thinking.

Thinking control

The control of thinking, first of all, is connected with the development of thinking and the higher functions of human psychology, the development of will and attention.

It happens that useless and unnecessary thoughts spin in your head that you want to discard. Don't bother to eradicate them, but try:

1. Think positively and constructively
2. To engage in some business so that thoughts are involved in this business.
3. Start remembering funny moments, positive stories and pleasant things that will create a good atmosphere.

Courses for the development and training of thinking

In addition to games, we have interesting courses that will perfectly pump your brain and improve memory, thinking, concentration:

Money and the mindset of a millionaire

Why are there money problems? In this course, we will answer this question in detail, look deep into the problem, consider our relationship with money from a psychological, economic and emotional point of view. From the course, you will learn what you need to do to solve all your financial problems, start saving money and invest it in the future.

Development of memory and attention in a child 5-10 years old

The course includes 30 lessons with useful tips and exercises for the development of children. In every lesson helpful advice, some interesting exercises, a task for the lesson and an additional bonus at the end: an educational mini-game from our partner. Course duration: 30 days. The course is useful not only for children, but also for their parents.

The secrets of brain fitness, we train memory, attention, thinking, counting

If you want to overclock your brain, improve its performance, pump up memory, attention, concentration, develop more creativity, perform exciting exercises, train in a playful way and solve interesting puzzles, then sign up! 30 days of powerful brain fitness are guaranteed to you :)

Super memory in 30 days

As soon as you sign up for this course, a powerful 30-day training for the development of super-memory and brain pumping will begin for you.

Within 30 days after subscribing, you will receive interesting exercises and educational games in your mail, which you can apply in your life.

We will learn to memorize everything that may be required in work or personal life: learn to memorize texts, sequences of words, numbers, images, events that occurred during the day, week, month, and even road maps.

Speed ​​reading in 30 days

Would you like to read books, articles, newsletters, etc. that are interesting to you very quickly? If your answer is "yes", then our course will help you develop speed reading and synchronize both hemispheres of the brain.

When synchronized, joint work both hemispheres, the brain starts to work many times faster, which opens up much more possibilities. Attention, concentration, perception speed amplify many times over! Using the speed reading techniques from our course, you can kill two birds with one stone:

1. Learn to read very fast
2. Improve focus and concentration speed reading they are extremely important
3. Read a book a day and finish work faster

We speed up mental counting, NOT mental arithmetic

Secret and popular tricks and life hacks, suitable even for a child. From the course, you will not only learn dozens of tricks for simplified and fast multiplication, addition, multiplication, division, calculating percentages, but also work them out in special tasks and educational games! Mental counting also requires a lot of attention and concentration, which are actively trained in solving interesting problems.

Outcome

In this article, we analyzed the features of thinking, learned how to develop thinking, what browser and board games and exercises help develop thinking.

Every day a person is faced with a mass of life tasks that need to be solved logically. This may include correct construction work schedule, official moments and even personal life. It would seem that everything is quite simple: exclude unimportant details, focus on serious aspects, thereby correctly setting priorities. However, in practice, the situation requires some effort. You can develop logic on your own, without signing up for special courses. Let's consider all the nuances in more detail.

Logical thinking: what is it?

The concept of "logical thinking" is easier to explain if we break the phrase into "logic" and "thinking". Let's try to figure it out together, highlighting the main thing.

Logics
The concept comes from the Greek “reasoning”, “thought”, “the art of reasoning correctly”, “the science of thinking”. Let's analyze the concept, taking as a basis the science of right thinking. It consists of several aspects, such as the laws, methods and forms of the human intellect, namely his thoughts.

Logic is needed in order to achieve truth in the process of reasoning. Thanks to active brain activity, a certain scheme is launched that leads a person to the end point. The result is taken not by intuition, but from previously acquired knowledge.

For this reason, logic is often referred to as a science that allows you to reach conclusions through many conclusions and their connection. The main task of logic is the generalization of the available fragments together. As a result, a person receives true knowledge regarding the subject of reflection.

Thinking

The concept is directly related to the mental activity of a person. It forces you to process information at a subconscious level. This must be done in order to establish a connection between the objects under study, to highlight their forms and meaning among other bodies of the environment.

Thinking allows you to find a connection between aspects of reality. However, in order for the process to take place at the “correct” level, one must think objectively. That is, before the main tasks, it is important to put yourself at the center of the current process, and not to watch everything from the outside. Objective or logical thinking must obey the basic laws of logic.

Logical thinking
From the foregoing, we can conclude what "logical thinking" is. As a result of the thought process, a person applies the knowledge gained earlier. Then, by inference, they are processed. All structures are connected in a logical chain in order. Conclusions are not based on assumptions, but on clear evidence, facts, prudence, objectivity, general laws of logic. Ultimately, on the basis of the existing premises, the truth is obtained.

Why develop logical thinking

It is human nature to process information through brainstorming. Simply put, all people think it's quite natural process. Thinking allows you to build a chain of personal behavior, draw the right conclusions in a given situation, and take action. Such aspects play an important role in situations where a decision is urgently needed. Ultimately, the goal will be achieved through logical reasoning.

When you fully learn the art of analyzing information, issues will be resolved many times faster. Thanks to correct collection and processing information, you can build a long-term perspective regarding your own actions. Such aspects help people feel comfortable in any situation. You will calculate in advance the possible nuances, then immediately exclude them in your head by searching for a new solution. You always need to think logically, no matter if you are at work or at home.

The greatest minds of the world annually bring out new ways of developing logical thinking. Experienced trainers in business, politicians, psychologists - they all help people develop. The most relevant ways to achieve what you want are puzzles aimed at the manifestation of logic. Also effective are games, a set of exercises for objective thinking, reading scientific and fiction literature, studying foreign languages.

Method number 1. Reading

1. Many people know that books allow you to gain wisdom, become a versatile and well-read person. However, success can only be achieved through fiction or scientific literature. It is in such publications that there is more knowledge than in numerous reference books.
2. To develop logical thinking, read at least 10 sheets daily. At the same time, it is important to analyze each line, gradually accumulating information in your head. The brain is selective, so a certain moment you can retrieve the information you need.
3. In the process of reading, analyze the chapters, try to think logically from the very beginning. Bet on how the book will end, how this or that character will act in specific situation. A. Conan Doyle's book "Sherlock Holmes" is considered a world bestseller. The work helps to develop logical thinking and pass the evening in a pleasant company.

Method number 2. Games

1. The most common games aimed at developing logical thinking are checkers and chess. In the process of rivalry, opponents calculate their actions many steps ahead. It is this move that allows you to win, nothing else. It is not difficult to learn tactics, it is enough to devote 2-3 hours daily to this business. As the age of technology leaves its mark on society, you can play on a computer, phone or tablet. At the same time, you will have access to the logic simulator around the clock, regardless of the place and other "live" rivals.
2. The next most popular game is Scrabble. Many have heard about it since childhood. Linguistic trainer for people who have little vocabulary and slow logic. As a result of manipulations, you will learn how to compose words from existing letters, laying them out in a certain sequence. As in the previous case, you can play on a PC or smartphone. In addition to the development of logic, you will become more concentrated, attentive.
3. To improve logical thinking, you can play with words. There are several variations of such an adventure, we will consider them in order. Some prefer to call one long word(the number of letters is from 10), after which the task of other participants is to compose other words from the “raw materials”. The one with the highest number wins. The second option is as follows: a person calls a word, the next one says another word, starting with the last letter of the previous one. For example, you said "sailor", the opponent answered "apartment".
4. The World Wide Web is literally full of various banners that offer to go to a site with logical riddles. Such a move will allow developing thinking not only in adults, but also in children. Also popular games are crossword puzzles, sudoku, rebuses, reversi. Download applications on your smartphone that help develop logical thinking. Such a move will train the brain in public transport or in a traffic jam. This is much more useful than studying flyers and tired faces of people.
5. Take a closer look at games like Rubik's Cube or backgammon, collect puzzles, play poker. Thanks to increased concentration, memory and logical thinking develop. The World Wide Web allows you to play without a second partner, which is an indisputable plus. You can solve the Rubik's Cube while resting between classes or during your lunch break. The main thing in any business is regularity. Perform simple manipulations daily to achieve maximum results.

Method number 3. Exercises

1. Mathematical problems and logical chains from the school (institute) program will help you develop logic quickly enough. Find old textbooks and start manipulating. Perform the exercise daily for 30-60 minutes. It will be especially difficult for the humanities, for whom mathematics is a bone in the throat. An analogue is the search for analogies or deciphering anagrams.
2. Consider an exercise that consists in orderly building words or phrases of the same topic. the main task is as follows: you need to build words from smallest to largest. That is, the first designation characterizes specific view, and the latter is a generalized concept. Let's take the word "violet" as an example. Violet - name - flower - plant. The more words you pick up and arrange them in one chain, the more logical thinking will be involved. The complex must be performed at least 2 times a day for 15 minutes.
3. Another exercise is aimed not only at logical thinking, but also the development of intellectual abilities, attentiveness, observation, concentration and general perception. main essence it is generally accepted that you need to determine how correctly the conclusion is drawn. Is it logical, based on the connection between judgments.

For example: “Cats meow. Alice is a cat, so she can meow!” The judgment is logically correct. If we talk about the wrong logic, then it looks like this: “Woolen clothes are warm. Boots are also warm, so they are made of wool! An erroneous judgment, boots may not be made of wool, but their thermal qualities will exceed all expectations.

This exercise is often used by parents when working with children. It is important to ask your child to explain this or that conclusion. In this case, the child will quickly come to the desired conclusion.

Method number 4. Foreign language

1. It is known that new information received activates brain activity, as a result of which all processes take place at the highest level. The sounds of foreign languages ​​will make you think logically, make associations between native and foreign speech.
2. Find an online course on the Internet or download video lessons, practice daily. Sign up for language school, learn thoroughly English, Spanish or even Chinese.
3. The effect of the acquired knowledge will not keep you waiting. In addition, you will be able to travel around the countries, talking freely with local residents. Communicate in chats and forums with the inhabitants of Europe or America, develop the acquired knowledge.

It is difficult enough to develop logical thinking, but the procedure cannot be called unrealistic. Consider popular games such as backgammon, checkers, chess, poker. Solve mathematical problems, build logical chains using electronic resources, learn foreign languages.

Video: how to develop logic and speed of thinking