What should I do if bitten by a tick? How to get a tick out at home? Where is tick-borne encephalitis more common? How to protect yourself from a tick bite.
If there is a trauma center nearby, then it is better to go there so that specialists can extract the insect. If the medical facility is far away, then you can try to remove the tick yourself. However, there are several ways to do this in the most secure way.
1. How to remove a tick from using tweezers. The tick must first be grasped with the tool as close to the head as possible. After that, the tweezers should be held perpendicular to the skin surface and begin to rotate the body of the insect around the axis. This will remove it from the skin. After that, it should be treated with iodine or 70% alcohol.
2. How to pull a tick at home with a thread. It should be wrapped around the tick, while tying a knot as close to the skin as possible. After that, the thread must be carefully tightened and at the same time pulled up. Also, after removing the insect, the wound should be disinfected.
3. How to remove a tick with a disposable syringe. But it needs to be tweaked a bit first. You will need to cut around the part where the needle is attached. After that, the syringe must be pressed against the skin at the site of the bite and pulled towards you. The tick should exit by creating negative pressure inside the syringe. After that, do not forget to treat the wound.
4. How to pull a tick out with your hands. Finally, you can try this method. You can also pull out the insect with your fingers, but it is recommended to wrap them with clean gauze beforehand (this will prevent possible slipping).
But it is not always possible to completely extract the insect on your own. There are frequent cases when only part of it can be removed, and the head of the tick remains in the skin. In this case, it is recommended to treat the place with 5% iodine and go to the doctor, not forgetting to take with you a part of the extracted insect. It is highly discouraged to attempt to remove a tick using vegetable oil or heavy cream. This can lead to the death of the insect, and in this form it will be more difficult to remove it.
After all the manipulations to remove the tick, it must be placed in a jar, putting a piece of damp cotton wool there. After that, you can go to the laboratory. It is important to take a live tick there within 2 days after the bite.
Finally, it is required to say about the necessary tests that may need to be taken after a tick bite. After 10 days, blood donation for borreliosis and encephalitis is possible (by PCR). After 2-3 weeks, you can donate blood to detect antibodies.
First of all, you need to know that the tick does not bite right away, but crawls over the body for several hours, so you need to regularly inspect your body and pet hair.
Tick bite: how long does it take for a person to get symptoms?
Arachnid predators are activated at temperatures above +20 degrees and enough high humidity. They can long time crawl all over the body until they find skin folds: groin, armpits, neck. Then they cut into the skin. Males quickly disappear after drinking a little blood, but the female can dig in for 2 weeks, while significantly increasing in volume.
The incubation period can be more than 1 month. The first signs will be noticeable in a week. But redness appears immediately after the tick, having saturated with blood, disappears.
The time of appearance of the first symptoms, to a greater extent, depends on the state of health of the person and his immunity. If you are allergic to the saliva of an arachnid predator, after a few hours, the temperature rises, red spots appear, and after a couple of days - weakness, migraine, shortness of breath, drowsiness, in some cases local pain.
In children and the elderly in poor health, symptoms may appear within a couple of days.
Symptoms and treatment for a tick bite
As noted above, the symptoms depend on the state of the human immune system. High blood pressure and temperature can be caused by various diseases. But if redness appears on the skin, itching, the heartbeat increases, then this is evidence of a tick bite.
If a person has health problems, then the symptoms are more pronounced:
- Nausea.
- Breathlessness.
- Excited state.
- Headaches.
- hallucinations.
If the fever persists for several days, then this is a sign of infection.
- Encephalitis. In this case, the temperature rises approximately 3 days after the bite of a dangerous insect. The fever may pass quickly, but will recur over time.
- Monocytic ehrlichiosis. The temperature jumps after 10 days, and may not drop for 20 days.
- Lyme Borreliosis. There is a slight deterioration in health, but this cannot be ignored.
- Granulocytic anaplasmosis. The temperature increases almost immediately after infection, and does not decrease within 2 weeks.
If these signs appear, you should immediately consult a qualified doctor.
Then you need to immediately send the insect for analysis, and the infected must be tested for the presence of antibodies. If one of the possible diseases is confirmed, you need to consult a doctor who will prescribe the appropriate treatment.
I will not write here what drugs to take, since everything depends on the specific case. Therefore, medicines should be prescribed only by a professional medical worker.
How to determine the encephalitis tick or not?
The encephalitis virus is transmitted by dangerous insects through the blood of animals, after which it is inherited. According to statistics, about 15% of ticks in Russia are infected.
You can determine the infection if you have certain symptoms. The bite on the surface of the skin is practically not noticeable, as the virus begins to multiply inside the body. After the infection spreads throughout the body, the temperature begins to rise.
But if encephalitis affects the brain, then work is disrupted nervous system. Within 1-2 weeks after the bite, no symptoms are observed. If a person has a strong immune system, then the disease may not progress and the body itself can cope with this disease.
After about 10 days, the temperature rises to 40 degrees, and is accompanied by a feverish state.
The tick was pulled out and it was dead. Why?
Using a sharp and heated knife, you need to cut off the tip of the syringe (where the needle is fixed) so that the cut is perfectly even. Otherwise, it will be difficult to achieve optimal pressure. As a result, you should get a cylinder, as shown in the image below. 
Put the piston in its original position, firmly attach the syringe to the damaged surface so that the tick is completely in the container. There must be no air inside to create a vacuum. 
In the next step, gently lift the piston. As a result, the insect will be painlessly removed. 
You can avoid the unpleasant consequences of a tick bite with the help of special means. If the weather allows, then you need to cover the skin as much as possible with clothes and wear a hat.
After all, the majority of the inhabitants of the United Kingdom are indeed characterized by special features that differ from citizens of other countries, the formation of which begins to be laid from a very early age.
What is the specificity of English pedagogy? How English system education is different from ours? How is the preschool and school education in this country? And why, for centuries now, it is Oxford, Cambridge and Eton that gather within their walls the largest number of future scientists, statesmen and diplomats?
Education in English families
The first feature of England is the fact that getting married (and even more so having children) begins here mainly after 30 years. Financially and, most importantly, psychologically accomplished, women have sufficient material base and knowledge of life to provide a child with everything necessary both physically and morally. In addition, the English upbringing of children is never shifted to grandparents - even if the mother does not have the opportunity to sit on maternity leave, the baby must be hired by a nanny, or the so-called babysitter (baby-sitter).
English nannies
The nanny lives right in the house, and such services are not cheap - since her duties include not only care, but also full-fledged (and often - very high level) education of his ward. In fact, she combines the roles of a highly educated children's teacher, a professional educator and an older sister, on whose shoulders lies the full development of the child for 24 hours a day - including cognitive conversations, visiting circles, walking, reading, drawing, language, etc. .
Babysitters
"Baby-sitter" - a lower level, quite accessible to almost any family. Usually they go to work for young girls (and sometimes boys) who come to the UK to get acquainted with the country, get practice in the language and a little part-time work. And since the duties of the coming “babysitter” are only charged with looking after the child, feeding him and putting him to bed, non-professionals are quite capable of such work. Which, of course, does not mean that such a foreigner or a foreigner cannot - just like that, not for money - take a walk and play with a little Englishman.
Private houses
Another option is private homes, where not so busy mothers play the role of nannies for a whole group of children. In this case, the rest of the parents organize a joint payment for such work, and the kids have the opportunity to play and chat together.
Analogues of kindergartens
Finally, in England, groups for children are also created at organizations (which are analogous to our kindergartens, but much more “advanced”). In them, kids can not only play, but also engage in music, drawing, gymnastics, swimming, etc. under the guidance of highly trained professionals.
Mom's upbringing
And what about native mothers? If they take on the upbringing of the child, then the main feature of these English ladies (albeit not always belonging to the nobility) is endless, traditionally British patience. No matter what the kid does, no matter what lesson he learns, an Englishwoman can repeat to him 5, 10, 20 times: “This is wrong, because ...”. And never raised your voice! Well, since even such mothers do not sit at home all day, their child literally from birth travels with her mother to shops, cafes and parks, learning in this way the world around her.
surrounding
Everyone in England is friendly to children. Moreover, you can get everything you need for them always and everywhere. Even in the smallest English village, shops provide "baby rooms" where babies can be breastfed or swaddled. In each cafe you will definitely be offered a special small chair, and it is completely unthinkable to imagine an institution without a convenient exit for a stroller!
Finally, the Kingdom of England is rightfully considered the safest state for children. The attitude towards kids here is so warm that the phrase "do not talk to strangers” you will not hear in any educational institution in Britain.
Preschool education
Nursery School (nursery-kindergarten)
These preschools can be either private or public. In the first, they are taken from 3 months, in the second - usually from 2 years. In addition, there are Nursery School right at schools, as well as Pre School (an organization that has no analogues in our country, which is such a “children's state” with a government from parents).
What do children learn in these nurseries/kindergartens? Absolutely everything. For the little ones, there are classes on the development of motor skills, an incredible number of educational games, and also (well, how could it be without it in England ?!) teaching politeness and mutual assistance from “young nails”.
For older children, everything has been created to develop creative thinking. In each room, as a rule, there are many tables with bizarre toys and game material- cubes with letters and numbers, plasticine, puzzles, constructors, etc. Children are given complete freedom - educators serve only to provide assistance (if any) or as advisers and organizers.
Group per caregiver - even in public institutions– never exceeds 8 people. In a private “nursery school”, a teacher is often allocated for every three boys and girls. Moreover, for each of the children, an individual program of education, training (including foreign languages) and even nutrition.
State involvement
It consists in issuing "children's vouchers" to parents. You can’t turn them into real money, but using them as payment for Nursery School or Pre School (and including private ones) is easy.
How do you feel about the "little personality"?
From birth, a child in England becomes almost a more complete person than any adult. He is given a huge amount of attention, he is not shouted at, questions are discussed with him and MANDATORY often praised even for the smallest achievements. Subsequently, this turns into a steadily high self-esteem - but with an indispensable "look back" to the existence of prohibitions, which are unworthy of a true Englishman to break.
Daily routine of preschool children
The main difference between the daily routine of English preschoolers and their Russian peers is the division of their “working day” into completely “adult” 2 halves, called sessions. The duration of each is about three hours:
- morning - from 9.00 to 12.00
- daytime - from 13.00 to 16.00,
with a break for a traditional English lunch.
How much time to give the child to kindergarten (including separate payment for each session and even for a break) is up to the parents. Someone writes down a child only for the morning hours, someone - only for the daytime. You can send babies to Nursery School and for 1, 3 or 5 days a week, although a certain problem arises during the holidays. The difference from the secondary school here is in their number (in the middle and at the end of each quarter coinciding with the season + long summer 1.5-month periods):
- 1 week at Christmas;
- 1 week at the end of February;
- 1 week in mid-April;
- 1 week at the end of May;
- 6 weeks from the end of July to the beginning of September;
- 1 week in mid-October;
- 1 week at the end of November.
The exact dates for the start and end of the short week-long holidays vary somewhat between schools and counties, but in general, their total duration still reaches 3 months.
How are the classes going?
The approximate schedule of the "working day" in English nursery schools is as follows:
- seating children in a semicircle right on the rugs (the floor is completely covered with them, and the cleanliness of the coating is absolute);
- roll call;
- attachment to " school board» one of the older guys signs with the current date and weather forecast;
- division of the group into 2 parts (senior and junior) with a separate teacher for each;
- lesson for the first (about 15 minutes) - learning the alphabet, solving simple problems, learning to write; lesson for the second (same time) - familiarization with the names various items or action, built in the form of a game
- free time (about 45 minutes) - fortunately, there is everything on the tables and in the room: from cars and dolls to albums, paints and even a small swing;
- "cleaning up the territory" after the games (carried out by educators and children together, accustoming the latter to order);
- repetition of the same procedure in the 2nd and 3rd hour of classes;
- lunch break;
- 1st hour - development of creative skills (singing songs, modeling from plasticine, using a designer, etc.);
- 2nd hour - a walk (sandbox, slides, swings, etc.);
- 3rd hour - games in the playroom until the children are picked up by their parents.
School in England
For English children, schooling begins earlier than anywhere else - from the age of 4. At the same time, enrollment in it takes place not from the beginning of the school year, but from the beginning of the quarter (the first season in which the child is four years old).
Education system
Consists of three trimester modules:
- nursery school - Nursery School (engaged not only in education, but also in teaching little Englishmen from 4 to 7 years old);
- junior school (from 7 to 11 years old);
- secondary school (from 11 to 16 years).
There are no national, racial, religious, social or other restrictions on the admission of children to school in England. Of course, in private institutions you will have to pay for education, but in municipal institutions both education and upbringing are absolutely free.
In principle, parents have the right to refuse their child's attendance at school. However, this can only be done after obtaining such permission from the local Educational Council - which determines the level of conditions in which the child can study, develop and receive proper education at least no worse than in a municipal institution.
Learning process
- the emphasis is on obtaining independent knowledge, working with material from libraries;
- homework - for a week, with the delivery of results in the form written project or essay;
- no pressure and attempts to align everyone “on the same ruler” - the approach to each student is strictly individual.
What do they do with delinquent kids?
- the smallest are distracted by any means from the desire to play pranks unlawfully;
- older children can be put in a corner for a while;
- any reprimand is made in an absolutely calm voice - screams, and even more so, assault are prohibited (maximum - a light slap on the baby's pope);
- adults (if this is not a teacher or educator) are strictly forbidden to make comments to other people's children - only their parents.
Behind medical care In Russia, more than half a million victims of tick bites are treated annually, of which 100,000 are children.
Up to 10,000 cases of tick-borne encephalitis are registered in Russia every year.
The maximum peak of infection with tick-borne encephalitis occurs in spring and summer.
People who have been ill with tick-borne encephalitis develop lifelong immunity to this disease.
Often tick-borne encephalitis leaves behind unpleasant consequences. In the case of severe forms of the disease, people die or become disabled.
How does the bite and infection occur?
In most cases, a tick bite becomes invisible and is not immediately detected, since at the time of the bite, the tick releases special painkillers. The tick most often digs into those places where the skin is softer and more delicate: neck, skin behind the ears, armpits, skin under the shoulder blade, gluteal region, groin, etc.The tick bites through the skin and inserts a special pharyngeal outgrowth similar to a harpoon (hypostome) into the wound. A kind of harpoon is covered with teeth that hold the tick, so it is not so easy to pull it out.
The virus in the case of tick-borne encephalitis enters the human blood through the saliva of the tick. Immediately after the bite, the virus enters the body of the victim. Therefore, even a quick removal of the tick does not exclude infection with tick-borne encephalitis.
In the case of borreliosis, bacteria accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract of the tick and begin to be released into the body of the victim at the moment when the tick begins to feed. This usually happens 4-5 hours after the bite. Therefore, timely removal of the tick can prevent infection.
It is worth noting that not all ixodid ticks are contagious. However, a tick infected with the tick-borne encephalitis virus retains it throughout its life.
Most common diseases transmitted by tick bite
| Disease | The causative agent of the disease | Tick vector | What does it look like? |
| Virus from the Flavaviridae family | Ixodid ticks: I. ricinus, I. persicatus |  |
| Spirochete - Borrelia burgdoferi | Ixodid ticks:
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| Virus of the genus Nairovirus, Bunyavirus family | Ticks kindHyaloma
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Tick-borne encephalitis– infectious viral disease, transmitted through tick bites, characterized by fever and damage to the central nervous system, often leading to disability and death.
Where is tick-borne encephalitis more common?
Tick-borne encephalitis is most common in the taiga-forest regions from Sakhalin to Karelia, countries of Eastern and Central Europe, northern China, Mongolia, Korea, the Baltic states, and Scandinavia.
Symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis
On average, the symptoms of the disease appear 7-14 days (5-25 days) after infection. The onset of the disease is acute, more often the patient can indicate not only the day, but also the hour of the onset of the disease. General symptoms:
- Chills
- feeling hot
- Pain in the eyeballs
- Photophobia
- Pain in the muscles
- Pain in bones, joints
- Headache
- Vomit
- Seizures possible, more common in children
- lethargy
- Drowsiness
- Agitation (rare)
- The patient has red eyes, face, neck, top part torso.
Forms of meningitis
The disease can occur in several forms, which have some features: febrile form, meningeal form, focal form.- Feverish form develops in half of the cases (40-50%). It is characterized by fever lasting 5-6 days (38-40 C and above). After the temperature drops, the condition improves, but general weakness may persist for another 2-3 weeks. In most cases, the disease ends in complete recovery.
- meningeal form the most common form (50-60%). It is characterized by severe symptoms of general intoxication and symptoms of inflammation of the meninges. Symptoms of general intoxication: high temperature over 38 C, chills, feeling hot, sweating, headache varying intensity. Symptoms of inflammation of the meninges: nausea, frequent vomiting, headache, decreased elasticity of the neck muscles. Perhaps: asymmetry of the face, different pupils, impaired movement of the eyeballs, etc. Recovery is slower than with a feverish form. For 3-4 weeks, symptoms such as weakness, irritability are characteristic. tearfulness, etc. It is possible to develop a chronic form of the disease.
- Focal form- has the most severe course. Characterized high temperature, severe intoxication, the appearance of impaired consciousness, delirium, hallucinations, disorientation in time and space, convulsions, impaired respiratory and cardiac activity. Most often it becomes chronic.
- Chronic form the disease develops several months or even years after the acute period of the disease. The chronic form occurs in 1-3% of patients. The disease is characterized by constant muscle twitches in the face, neck, shoulder girdle, frequent seizures with loss of consciousness. The functions of the extremities, mainly the upper ones, decrease, their tone and tendon reflexes decrease. The psyche is disturbed up to dementia.
Forecast
In most cases, the disease ends in complete recovery. With focal forms, a large percentage of the fact that a person will remain disabled. Terms of disability from 2-3 weeks to 2-3 months, depending on the form of the disease.Ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease)
It is an infectious disease transmitted through bites. ixodid ticks, characterized by damage to the nervous system, skin, joints, heart, the disease is prone to a chronic course.How does infection occur?
Symptoms of the disease will depend on the stage of the course of the disease. In total, 3 stages can be distinguished: 1) early stage, 2) stage of spread of infection 3) stage of chronic infection
- Early stage
Non-specific symptoms:
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Temperature increase
- Chills
- Pain and aches in muscles and joints
- General weakness
- Possible symptoms of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract (sore throat, cough, etc.).
Specific symptoms:
- The appearance at the site of the bite of a special redness, often ring-shaped, (erythema migrans), which expands to the sides for several days.
- Joint pain
- Stage of spread of infection(appears 2-3 weeks or 2-3 months after infection)
- Defeat nervous system: Inflammation of the nerve roots of the cranial nerves, the roots emerging from the spinal cord, which is manifested by lumbar pain, pain in the face along the nerves, etc.
- Defeat hearts: rhythm disturbance, development of myocarditis, pericarditis.
- Defeat skin: transient red rashes on the skin.
- Less commonly affected: eyes (conjunctivitis, iritis, etc.), respiratory organs (bronchitis, tracheitis, etc.), genitourinary system (orchitis, etc.).
- Stage of chronic infection(manifestations occur 6 months or more after infection)
- Damage to the nervous system: impaired thinking processes, memory loss, etc.
- Joint damage: inflammation of the joints (arthritis), chronic polyarthritis.
- Skin lesions: the appearance of nodular, tumor-like elements, etc.
Forecast
The prognosis for life is favorable. When started late and improper treatment the disease becomes chronic and can lead to disability. Terms of disability from 7 to 30 days, depending on the course and form of the disease.Crimean hemorrhagic fever
a severe viral infectious disease transmitted by tick bites, characterized by fever, intoxication and bleeding. The disease belongs to a number of dangerous infectious diseases. Symptoms of the disease
On average, the symptoms of the disease appear 3-5 days after the bite (from 2 to 14 days). Symptoms appear according to the period of the disease. In total, 3 periods of the course of the disease are distinguished: initial, peak and recovery period.- Initial period (duration 3-4 days)
- Sudden rise in temperature
- Strong headache
- Pain and aches throughout the body, especially in the lumbar region
- Severe general weakness
- Nausea, vomiting
- Lack of appetite
- dizziness
- In severe cases, impaired consciousness
- The peak period of the disease
- Decrease in temperature for 24-36 hours, then again its increase, and after 6-7 days again decrease
- The appearance of punctate subcutaneous hemorrhages (petechial rash), on the lateral surfaces of the abdomen, chest
- Bleeding gums
- Bloody discharge from the eyes, ears
- Nasal, gastrointestinal, uterine bleeding
- A sharp deterioration in general condition
- Liver enlargement
- Lowering blood pressure
- Increased heart rate
- Lethargy, confusion
- Face, neck, red eyes
- jaundice
- Recovery period (duration from 1-2 months to 1-2 years)
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- dizziness
- Heartache
- Redness of the eyes, mucous membranes of the mouth and throat
- Decreased blood pressure and pulse variability (maintained for 2 weeks)
Forecast
Late hospitalization Incorrect diagnosis and treatment often leads to death. Mortality is 25%. Terms of disability from 7 to 30 days, depending on the form of the disease.Diagnosis of diseases
The earliest diagnosis of the disease can be made only 10 days after infection. During this time, the human body accumulates required amount virus for its determination in the blood. A highly sensitive PCR method is used for diagnosis. Determination of antibodies (IgM) to the encephalitis virus is possible 2 weeks after the bite. Antibodies to Borrelia are determined only 4 weeks after the bite. The determination of antibodies in the blood is carried out using modern methods as enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescent analysis, etc.First aid for a tick bite
| Do I need to call an ambulance? | |
| Not really | Why? |
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What can not be done if bitten by a tick?
- Remove the tick with bare hands. Through wounds on the skin, the virus secreted by the tick can easily enter the body and cause disease. Gloves, tweezers, a plastic bag or other improvised means capable of protecting the skin and mucous membranes should be used.
- Avoid touching your eyes and mucous membranes of your mouth and nose if you have been in contact with a tick.
- Do not drip oil, glue, and other substances that cover the tick's respiratory opening, which is located in its back part of the body. The lack of oxygen makes the tick aggressive, and with greater force it begins to throw out everything that it has inside, including viruses and harmful microorganisms, into the body of the victim.
- You can not press or sharply pull out the sucked tick. Pressure on the tick's digestive tract encourages its saliva to be injected into the skin, thus increasing the risk of infection. Trying to pull out the tick, you can break it, then the parts remaining in the skin can become inflamed and fester. In addition, the glands and ducts remaining in the skin contain a significant concentration of the virus and can continue to infect a person.
How to remove a tick: what to do, how and why?
| What to do? | How? | What for? |
| 1.Take Precautions | Do not touch the tick with bare hands. Wear gloves, use plastic bag or other handy tools. | The saliva secreted by the tick often contains virus and bacteria; if it gets on damaged skin, infection is possible. |
| 2. Remove the tick | Ways: 1.Using special device(Tick twister, The Tickkey, Ticked Off , Trix Tick Lasso , Anti-mite, etc.) 2. With thread 3. With tweezers | The Right Ways tick extractions are based on the fact that the tick must twist out of the skin, and not be pulled out. Since, the part with which the tick digs into the skin is covered with spikes. The spikes are directed in the opposite direction from the movement of the tick. Thus, when trying to pull out a tick, there is a good chance that part of its body will remain in the skin. Rotational movements fold the spikes along the axis of rotation and the risk of tearing off the head of the tick is significantly reduced. |
| Method using specially designed devices | ||
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 Take a thin thread (sometimes you can use a long strong hair), make a loop. Throw a loop over the tick and shade at the very base. Then, holding the ends of the thread, pulling it a little, slowly and carefully begin to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. Having made several rotations, the tick is freely removed. |
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 With tweezers, gently grab the head of the tick, so as not to put pressure on its abdomen. Then you begin to turn the tick, as if you are unscrewing it, while not pulling or pulling hard. |
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| 3. Remove the remains of the tick from the wound (if it was not possible to remove it entirely)
| Disinfect the needle (alcohol solution or hydrogen peroxide), and it is better to sterilize by holding it over the flame. Then carefully remove the remains. | Perhaps the development of the inflammatory process, suppuration. In addition, the remaining glands and ducts within the skin may contain viruses and continue to infect the body. |
4. Treat the bite | You can use any antiseptic: alcohol, iodine, brilliant green, hydrogen peroxide, etc. | Prevents inflammation and suppuration of the wound. Hydrogen peroxide can also help in removing the remnants of the tick, if any. |
| 5. Vaccine administration
| Tick-borne encephalitis:
| Immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis: high price, frequent allergic reactions, low efficiency, European countries are not released. Jodantipyrine is well tolerated, has low toxicity, and is effective against tick-borne encephalitis virus. It is prescribed for both prevention and treatment. |
6. Submit the tick for analysis 
| Place the removed tick in an airtight container. | This will help determine the tactics of further treatment. Saves from unwanted complications. |
Prevention of tick bites
Before visiting potentially dangerous places, prepare well and be careful. - Reduce the number of unprotected exposed areas of the body to a minimum. Clothing should be long-sleeved and tight around the wrist. Put on a headdress. Tuck your trousers into high boots.
- To repel ticks, you can use special repellents (DEFI-Taiga, Gall-RET, Biban, etc.). For children, Od “Ftalar” and “Efkalat”, “Off-childish”, etc. However, their effectiveness is very controversial.
- When moving through the forest, stay in the middle of the paths, avoiding tall grass and bushes.
- After leaving the potentially dangerous area, be sure to inspect yourself and your loved ones. Once on the body, the tick does not immediately dig into the skin. It may take several hours before the bite. Therefore, in many cases, the bite can be avoided.
- Do not bring freshly cut grass, branches, outerwear on which ticks can potentially be.
- To prevent tick-borne encephalitis, you need to be vaccinated. Vaccination of 3 vaccinations, followed by repetition after 4, 6 and 12 months. Or the introduction of immunoglobulin a few hours before entering the danger zone. When you are in places associated with possible suction of ticks, it is recommended to take 1 table. (200mg) Jodantipyrine.
- Recovering to the area in which there are ticks, be as "armed" as possible, grab all the necessary things that will be needed in case of a tick bite. Necessary equipment: a device for extracting a tick, a disinfectant (iodine, alcohol, etc.), an antiviral drug (Yodantipyrine), a container for transporting the tick for analysis. Available for sale special sets: "Anti-tick module", "anti-tick mini-module", etc., which include everything that is necessary for "anti-tick activity".
In warm weather it is nice to relax on fresh air, in the park, outside the city, in the forest with the whole family. Sometimes the joy of communicating with nature is overshadowed by an unpleasant discovery: a child has been bitten by a tick. What to do? Few know.
Ticks often live in certain regions, but no one is safe from meeting with a blood-sucking insect. It is important to remember that a bitten child can develop hemorrhagic fever, viral encephalitis, or Lyme disease. Allergic reactions often develop. The material will be useful to people of all ages.
The consequences of a tick bite: to worry or not
A tick on a child’s body always causes panic fear in parents. Thoughts immediately come to mind about the dangerous consequences that often develop after an unpleasant incident in nature. But you should not panic: it is important to figure out how dangerous the bite is, whether the blood-sucking insect is infected. What to do?
Pay attention to the symptoms of a tick bite:
- the infection did not penetrate the body, the tick turned out to be quite “harmless”. There is a slight chill, slight malaise, in allergic children, the area of contact with the insect turns slightly red. Symptoms pass fairly quickly. There are no serious consequences for the body, but an examination by a specialist, the appointment of compounds that strengthen the immune system, is mandatory;
- The child was bitten by a tick - a carrier of a dangerous disease. The transmission of the virus from an insect to a person is accompanied by pronounced signs. Symptoms may vary, but the general manifestations are as follows: a noticeable change in shape, color at the site of the bite, soreness in the back, a sharp increase in body temperature. Often there is a headache, malaise, weakness, loss of appetite.
After removing the tick, be sure to take the child to the hospital to check the condition of a small patient. Even with good health, the pediatrician will prescribe tests to detect / refute infection. Do not rely on strong immunity: Lyme disease, viral encephalitis are dangerous diseases that provoke problems with the central nervous system. With absence timely assistance the consequences can be tragic.
Possible Complications
The victim does not always immediately detect the problem: during the bite, the blood-sucking insect injects a strong anesthetic, the person does not feel pain and the presence of a dangerous "guest". It is important to show the child to the doctor in time to warn severe consequences if the tick was a carrier of the infection. Parents should be aware of the symptoms of dangerous diseases carried by blood-sucking insects.
Viral encephalitis
Features of the disease if bitten by an encephalitis tick:
- the most severe disease that a person encounters when bitten by a tick;
- without competent therapy, paralysis sets in, the brain becomes inflamed, loss of consciousness is observed. Cases of a lethal outcome are noted;
- when infected with tick-borne encephalitis on the second - fifth day, confusion appears, severe nausea, vomiting, and the temperature rises. Weakness develops, headache torments;
- if at least one of the symptoms appears, an immediate visit to the doctor is required if you have not taken the baby to the hospital before.
Lyme disease
Peculiarities:
- when bitten by a borreliosis tick, a ring-shaped migrating enanthema appears at the site of the lesion - the first sign of infection;
- redness of the bitten area has an oval or round shape. Gradually, the color of the formation changes, circles appear, diverging from the center;
- the child develops weakness, fever occurs, the affected area swells;
- as the infection spreads, there are often signs of infection elsewhere in the body. Children suffer from muscle pain, runny nose, aching knees, sore throat;
- the insidiousness of Lyme disease is the gradual attenuation of symptoms with the preservation of infection in organs and tissues. After about a week, the signs of the disease disappear, but the problem only goes deeper;
- Lyme borreliosis does not go away without some therapy, the consequences for the body can be severe. Children with weak immunity are at particular risk;
- a course of antibiotics is required for a complete cure. Lack of therapy often causes damage to the heart, joints, and nervous system. In severe cases, disability is possible. It is important to stop the spread of toxins and pathogenic bacteria in time. For this reason, you should not hesitate to visit a doctor for testing, selection of potent antibiotics.
What to do if a child is bitten by a tick
What to do at home if bitten by a tick? Do it right: Much depends on proper first aid. If parents unknowingly crush an insect, the victim will receive an additional portion of the infected fluid from the salivary glands of a dangerous disease carrier. Subject to the rules, it is possible to minimize the risk of complications, it is possible to prevent the spread of infection.
Prohibited actions
Forbidden:
- drip on the tick with kerosene or sunflower oil;
- cauterize an insect;
- try to crush the carrier of the infection;
- tear off the insect with your fingers;
- discard the tick after removal from the body: it is important to examine the blood-sucking "aggressor" to understand whether it is infected or not.
How to pull out an insect
Procedure:
- reassure the child, inspect the affected area;
- ask to sit quietly, move less, do not rub the bite site with the development of burning, itching;
- take ordinary tweezers, in its absence, make a loop of thread;
- grab the blood-sucking insect closer to the head, start “unscrewing” it perpendicular to the skin. Movement - as when unscrewing a screw. You can slightly rock the body of the tick, gently moving your hand away from the surface;
- you can not pull sharply out of the body dangerous insect: it is easy to accidentally crush him, make him inject a new portion of infected saliva with large quantity viruses or pathogenic bacteria and toxins;
- after removing the insect, put it in a jar, tightly close the lid, then take it for examination;
- the area where the bite was made, rinse with water, always with soap, gently blot, disinfect with alcohol;
- take the child to the doctor for testing. Never hesitate, especially if the baby is only a year or two. Toxins quickly spread in the body, weak immunity reduces the resistance to infection.
On the page, read about the dosage and rules for using Gerbion syrup for children.
What to do if tests show infection with a dangerous disease? Firstly, children of any age are placed in a hospital for constant monitoring of the course of the disease. With encephalitis, anti-tick immunoglobulin is necessarily introduced. Borreliosis is a pathology of a bacterial nature. After testing for sensitivity to antibiotics, the doctor will prescribe a potent antibacterial drug;
At home, therapy for Lyme disease and viral encephalitis is not carried out: constant monitoring of the condition of the young patient is necessary.
Important! Late treatment can lead to dangerous complications. Be sure to show the child to a specialist for timely detection of severe infection.
Prevention - best protection from dangerous consequences, which often provoke small blood-sucking insects. Follow the rules, teach the kids to take precautions.
- living in the region where the habitat is located encephalitis tick, - the reason for the mandatory anti-encephalitis vaccination. The doctor will tell you the optimal age for vaccination, based on a combination of many factors;
- before going to the forest, places where there are thickets of tall grass, wet areas, prepare the “right” clothes. Your task is to close the body, not to allow the tick to stick in a place convenient for it. The best option: jackets, windbreakers with elastic bands on the hood and sleeves. Tuck your trousers tightly into your socks, put on rubber boots or sneakers. A picnic in rubber boots is not very convenient: pick up closed shoes, be sure to tuck the legs into your socks;
- Spray clothing with insect repellant. Ticks can smell warm-blooded prey at a great distance (and they have poor eyesight). It is important to confuse insects, not to let themselves be detected. Not all sprays and creams are suitable for children. What to do? Helps deter blood-sucking insects essential oil cloves or mint;
- natural esters have a pungent odor, but at least they do not contain harmful synthetic components. In the tent, also spray natural repellents if no one is allergic to oils;
- after a walk, be sure to inspect the clothes, skin of all family members who have returned from a trip to the forest. Carefully check the skin folds, the area behind the ears, under the knees, head, groin, lower back. Shake off clothes over the bathtub, inspect pockets, junctions of parts;
- when a tick is detected, do not crush it: carefully take it with tweezers to avoid a bite, put it in a jar with a tightly screwed lid. As soon as possible, hand over the blood-sucking insect to the employees of the sanitary and epidemiological station to find out what danger awaits vacationers in a certain area.
Now you know what to do if a young tourist is bitten by a tick during a hike or picnic. Act wisely when identifying a blood-sucking insect on the body of any of the family members. Always carefully prepare for the trip, consider the possibility of meeting with a dangerous carrier of serious diseases. Remember to wear appropriate clothing for hiking in the woods, repellents, skin and clothing checks when you return home.
When bitten by a tick, always visit a doctor to monitor the health of the affected child. If necessary, treat in a hospital setting.
Video. Dr. Komarovsky about tick bites and other blood-sucking insects:
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