How is impact energy measured? Muzzle energy of air guns - theory and practice of power
Held in 1889 at the Second International Congress of Electricians. That year, the famous English physicist James Prescott Joule died. The works of this researcher have had great influence on the development of thermodynamics. He discovered the connection between density electric current by the amount electric field and the released amount of heat (Joule-Lenz law), made a significant contribution to the formation of the concept of the law of conservation of energy. In honor of this scientist, the new unit of measurement was named joule.
Physical quantities measured in joules
Energy is a physical quantity that expresses the measure of the transition of one form of matter to another. In a closed physical system, energy is conserved during the entire time that the system remains closed - this is called the law of conservation of energy.
There are different types energy. Kinetic energy depends on the speed of movement of the points of the mechanical system, potential characterizes the body’s energy reserve, which is used to acquire kinetic energy, internal energy represents the internal energy of molecular bonds. There is electric field energy, gravitational energy, nuclear energy.
The transformation of some types of energy into others is characterized by a different physical quantity- mechanical work. It depends on the magnitude and direction of the force acting on the body, and on the movement of the body in space.
Another important concept in classical thermodynamics is heat. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the amount of heat received by the system is used to perform work that counteracts external forces, and the change in its internal energy.
All three quantities are related to each other. In order for heat exchange to occur, as a result of which the internal energy of a particular system will change, mechanical work must be performed.
Joule characteristic
Joule as a unit of measurement mechanical work is equal to the work done when moving a body over a distance of 1 meter by a force whose magnitude is equal to 1, in the direction in which this force acts.
In relation to calculations of the energy of an electric current, a joule is defined as the work that a current of 1 ampere does within one second at a potential difference equal to one volt.
JOULE (unit of energy)- JOULE, SI unit of energy, work and heat (see SI (system of units)). Named after J.P. Joule. Denoted by J. 1 J = 107 erg = 0.2388 cal = 6.24. 1018 eV… Encyclopedic Dictionary
Joule (unit)- This article is about a unit of measurement, an article about a physicist: Joule, James Prescott Joule (symbol: J, J) is a unit of measurement of work and energy in the SI system. Joule is equal to the work done when moving the point of application of a force equal to one... ... Wikipedia
Siemens unit of measurement- Siemens (symbol: Cm, S) unit of measurement of electrical conductivity in the SI system, the reciprocal of the ohm. Before World War II (in the USSR until the 1960s), siemens was the name given to the unit of electrical resistance corresponding to the resistance ... Wikipedia
Gray (unit)- This term has other meanings, see Gray. Gray (symbol: Gr, Gy) unit of measurement of absorbed dose ionizing radiation in the International System of Units (SI). The absorbed dose is equal to one gray if the result is... ... Wikipedia
Gray (unit)- Gray (symbol: Gr, Gy) unit of measurement of the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation in the SI system. The absorbed dose is equal to one gray if, as a result of absorption of ionizing radiation, the substance received one joule of energy per one ... Wikipedia
Sievert (unit)- Sievert (symbol: Sv, Sv) a unit of measurement of effective and equivalent doses of ionizing radiation in the International System of Units (SI), used since 1979. 1 sievert is the amount of energy absorbed by a kilogram... ... Wikipedia
Becquerel (unit)- This term has other meanings, see Becquerel. Becquerel (symbol: Bq, Bq) is a unit of measurement of the activity of a radioactive source in the International System of Units (SI). One becquerel is defined as the activity of the source, in ... ... Wikipedia
Watt (unit)- For the type of sea coasts, see Watts Watt (symbol: W, W) is an SI unit of power. There are mechanical, thermal and electrical power: in mechanics, 1 watt is equal to the power at which in 1 second of time... ... Wikipedia
Newton (unit)- This term has other meanings, see Newton. Newton (symbol: N) is a unit of force in the International System of Units (SI). The accepted international name is newton (designation: N). Newton derived unit. Based on the second... ... Wikipedia
Siemens (unit)- This term has other meanings, see Siemens. Siemens (Russian designation: Sm; international designation: S) a unit of measurement of electrical conductivity in the International System of Units (SI), the reciprocal of the ohm. Through others... ...Wikipedia
Physics is a natural science. This is probably why it is given a lot of attention in the school curriculum. Often students are faced with the question of what is measured in joules. This is quite expected, since different ones may include this value. However, if you try to understand the topic a little, then everything will immediately fall into place. Where can you find something that is measured in joules? The answer is not simple, but it is clear.
It all starts with the simple formula A=F*S. To such an addiction test You may get caught after the first month of getting to know physics. If you immediately understand what’s what, then you can begin a completely successful acquaintance with science. F - sum of all active forces, applied to the body, which influenced the change in body position. It is measured in newtons. The idea that force is measured in joules is incorrect. S is the path the body has traveled. In SI units it is designated meters. Thus, 1 J = 1 N * 1 m. That is, in fact, we have found work from a physical point of view. And it doesn’t matter at all by whom and under what circumstances it was committed.
Further, as a rule, in the eighth grade they study thermal processes. Many new concepts are introduced here. Basic formula: Q=cm(t1-t2). Here again the question arises of what is measured in joules in this dependence. And, by the way, we note that some strange variable c has appeared. In fact, these are substances. It is worth noting that this is, as a rule, a constant value, measured a long time ago. Its dimension: From here it is easy to see that if you multiply this value by mass and by a certain temperature, you get joules. That is, the letter Q. This is what is measured in them. It is worth saying that heat is actually energy. For example, in engines internal combustion first, Q is isolated, which then, with some efficiency, turns into A=F*S. In principle, some Olympiad problems for grades 7-8 can be based on this.
Another big section to look at to learn what is measured in joules is Electricity. Of course, in a more global framework it is called somewhat differently, but for school interpretation this designation is also suitable. Many people know on what principle incandescent lamps are based. Where does it come from? Yes, electric current does some work, which can be calculated using the formula A=I*I*T*t. Here t is time, I - R is resistance. Here work is also measured in joules.
One cannot fail to mention mechanics, in which the quantity under consideration has considerable application. Often the Law of Conservation of Energy makes sense in school problems. So this is what is measured in Joules. The main meaning of the formulation of the law is that the body has some kind of energy during movement, thermal processes and other physical processes. And if, for example, wooden block slides across the surface and stops, this does not mean that it loses energy. She's just leaving for work
Thus, you learned what is measured in joules. As you can see, this characteristic is used in many completely different branches of physics. However, if you understand the essence, it will become much easier.
Length and distance converter Mass converter Volume converter bulk products and food products Area converter Volume and units converter in culinary recipes Temperature converter Pressure converter, mechanical stress, Young's modulus Energy and work converter Power converter Force converter Time converter Linear velocity converter Flat angle Thermal efficiency and fuel efficiency converter Number converter in various systems notation Converter of units of measurement of quantity of information Exchange rates Dimensions women's clothing and Shoe Sizes men's clothing and shoes Angular velocity and rotational speed converter Acceleration converter Angular acceleration converter Density converter Specific volume converter Moment of inertia converter Moment of force converter Torque converter Specific heat of combustion converter (by mass) Energy density and specific heat of combustion converter of fuel (by volume) Temperature difference converter Odds Converter thermal expansion Converter thermal resistance Thermal Conductivity Converter Specific Heat Capacity Converter Energy Exposure and Thermal Radiation Power Converter Density Converter heat flow Heat Transfer Coefficient Converter Volume Flow Converter Converter mass flow Molar flow rate converter Mass flow density converter Molar concentration converter Mass concentration in solution converter Dynamic (absolute) viscosity converter Kinematic viscosity converter Surface tension converter Vapor permeability converter Vapor permeability and vapor transfer rate converter Sound level converter Microphone sensitivity converter Level converter sound pressure(SPL) Sound pressure level converter with selectable reference pressure Brightness converter Luminous intensity converter Illuminance converter Resolution converter computer graphics Frequency and Wavelength Converter Diopter Power and Focal Length Diopter Power and Lens Magnification (×) Electric Charge Converter Linear Charge Density Converter Converter surface density Charge Volume Charge Density Converter Electric Current Converter Linear Current Density Converter Surface Current Density Converter Electric Field Strength Converter Electrostatic Potential and Voltage Converter Electrical Resistance Converter Electrical Resistivity Converter Electrical Conductivity Converter Electrical Conductivity Converter Electrical Capacitance Inductance Converter American Wire Gauge Converter Levels in dBm (dBm or dBmW), dBV (dBV), watts and other units Magnetomotive force converter Voltage converter magnetic field Magnetic flux converter Magnetic induction converter Radiation. Ionizing radiation absorbed dose rate converter Radioactivity. Radioactive decay converter Radiation. Exposure dose converter Radiation. Absorbed Dose Converter Decimal Prefix Converter Data Transfer Typography and Imaging Converter Timber Volume Unit Converter Molar Mass Calculation Periodic table chemical elements D. I. Mendeleev
1 joule [J] = 0.101971621300936 kilogram-force-meter [kgf m]
Initial value
Converted value
joule gigajoule megajoule kilojoule millijoule microjoule nanojoule attojoule megaelectronvolt kiloelectronvolt electron-volt erg gigawatt-hour megawatt-hour kilowatt-hour kilowatt-second watt-hour watt-second newton meter horsepower-hour horsepower (metric) -hour international kilocalorie thermochemical kilocalorie international calorie thermochemical calorie large (food) cal. British term. unit (int., IT) British term. unit of term. mega BTU (int., IT) ton-hour (refrigeration capacity) ton of oil equivalent barrel of oil equivalent (US) gigaton megaton TNT kiloton TNT ton TNT dyne-centimeter gram-force-meter gram-force-centimeter kilogram-force-centimeter kilogram -force-meter kilopond-meter pound-force-foot pound-force-inch ounce-force-inch foot-pound inch-pound inch-ounce pound-foot therm therm (EEC) therm (USA) energy Hartree equivalent gigatons of oil equivalent megatons oil equivalent to a kilobarrel of oil equivalent to a billion barrels of oil kilogram of trinitrotoluene Planck energy kilogram reciprocal meter hertz gigahertz terahertz kelvin atomic mass unit
More about energy
General information
Energy is a physical quantity that has great value in chemistry, physics, and biology. Without it, life on earth and movement are impossible. In physics, energy is a measure of the interaction of matter, as a result of which work is performed or the transition of one type of energy to another occurs. In the SI system, energy is measured in joules. One joule equal to energy, consumed when moving a body one meter with a force of one Newton.
Energy in physics
Kinetic and potential energy
Kinetic energy of a body of mass m, moving at speed v equal to the work done by a force to give a body speed v. Work here is defined as a measure of the force that moves a body over a distance s. In other words, it is the energy of a moving body. If the body is at rest, then the energy of such a body is called potential energy. This is the energy required to maintain the body in this state.
For example, when a tennis ball hits a racket in flight, it stops for a moment. This happens because the forces of repulsion and gravity cause the ball to freeze in the air. At this moment the ball has potential energy, but no kinetic energy. When the ball bounces off the racket and flies away, on the contrary, it appears kinetic energy. A moving body has both potential and kinetic energy, and one type of energy is converted into another. If, for example, you throw a stone up, it will begin to slow down as it flies. As this slows down, kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. This transformation occurs until the supply of kinetic energy runs out. At this moment the stone will stop and the potential energy will reach its maximum value. After this, it will begin to fall down with acceleration, and the energy conversion will occur in the reverse order. The kinetic energy will reach its maximum when the stone collides with the Earth.
The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy in closed system is saved. The energy of the stone in the previous example changes from one form to another, and therefore, although the amount of potential and kinetic energy changes during the flight and fall, the total sum of these two energies remains constant.
Energy production
People have long learned to use energy to solve labor-intensive tasks with the help of technology. Potential and kinetic energy are used to do work, such as moving objects. For example, the energy of river water flow has long been used to produce flour in water mills. As more people use technology, such as cars and computers, everyday life, the more energy demand increases. Today most energy is generated from non-renewable sources. That is, energy is obtained from fuel extracted from the depths of the Earth, and it is quickly used, but not renewed with the same speed. Such fuels are, for example, coal, oil and uranium, which are used in nuclear power plants. IN recent years governments of many countries, as well as many international organizations, for example, the UN, consider it a priority to study the possibilities of obtaining renewable energy from inexhaustible sources using new technologies. Many scientific research aimed at obtaining such types of energy from at the lowest cost. Currently, sources such as solar, wind and waves are used to generate renewable energy.
Energy for domestic and industrial use is usually converted into electricity using batteries and generators. The first power plants in history generated electricity by burning coal or using the energy of water in rivers. Later they learned to use oil, gas, sun and wind to generate energy. Some large enterprises maintain their power plants on site, but most of the energy is produced not where it will be used, but in the power plants. That's why main task energy specialists - to convert the produced energy into a form that allows the energy to be easily delivered to the consumer. This is especially important when expensive or hazardous energy production technologies are used that require constant supervision by specialists, such as hydro and nuclear power. That is why electricity was chosen for domestic and industrial use, since it is easy to transmit with low losses to long distances along power lines.
Electricity is converted from mechanical, thermal and other types of energy. To do this, water, steam, heated gas or air drive turbines, which rotate generators, where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Steam is produced by heating water using the heat generated by nuclear reactions or by burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are extracted from the depths of the Earth. These are gas, oil, coal and other combustible materials formed underground. Since their quantity is limited, they are classified as non-renewable fuels. Renewable energy sources are solar, wind, biomass, ocean energy, and geothermal energy.
In remote areas where there are no power lines, or where economic or political problems regularly cause power outages, portable generators are used and solar panels. Generators running on fossil fuels are especially often used both in everyday life and in organizations where electricity is absolutely necessary, for example, in hospitals. Typically, generators operate on piston engines, in which fuel energy is converted into mechanical energy. Devices are also popular uninterruptible power supply with powerful batteries that charge when electricity is supplied and release energy during outages.
Do you find it difficult to translate units of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question in TCTerms and within a few minutes you will receive an answer.
Length and distance converter Mass converter Converter of volume measures of bulk products and food products Area converter Converter of volume and units of measurement in culinary recipes Temperature converter Converter of pressure, mechanical stress, Young's modulus Converter of energy and work Converter of power Converter of force Converter of time Linear speed converter Flat angle Converter thermal efficiency and fuel efficiency Converter of numbers in various number systems Converter of units of measurement of quantity of information Currency rates Women's clothing and shoe sizes Men's clothing and shoe sizes Angular velocity and rotation frequency converter Acceleration converter Angular acceleration converter Density converter Specific volume converter Moment of inertia converter Moment of force converter Torque converter Specific heat of combustion converter (by mass) Energy density and specific heat of combustion converter (by volume) Temperature difference converter Coefficient of thermal expansion converter Thermal resistance converter Thermal conductivity converter Specific heat capacity converter Energy exposure and thermal radiation power converter Heat flux density converter Heat transfer coefficient converter Volume flow rate converter Mass flow rate converter Molar flow rate converter Mass flow density converter Molar concentration converter Mass concentration in solution converter Dynamic (absolute) viscosity converter Kinematic viscosity converter Surface tension converter Vapor permeability converter Vapor permeability and vapor transfer rate converter Sound level converter Microphone sensitivity converter Sound Pressure Level (SPL) Converter Sound Pressure Level Converter with Selectable Reference Pressure Luminance Converter Luminous Intensity Converter Illuminance Converter Computer Graphics Resolution Converter Frequency and Wavelength Converter Diopter Power and Focal Length Diopter Power and Lens Magnification (×) Electric charge converter Linear charge density converter Surface charge density converter Volume charge density converter Electric current converter Linear current density converter Surface current density converter Electric field strength converter Electrostatic potential and voltage converter Electrical resistance converter Electrical resistivity converter Electrical conductivity converter Electrical conductivity converter Electrical capacitance Inductance converter American wire gauge converter Levels in dBm (dBm or dBm), dBV (dBV), watts, etc. units Magnetomotive force converter Magnetic field strength converter Magnetic flux converter Magnetic induction converter Radiation. Ionizing radiation absorbed dose rate converter Radioactivity. Radioactive decay converter Radiation. Exposure dose converter Radiation. Absorbed dose converter Decimal prefix converter Data transfer Typography and image processing unit converter Timber volume unit converter Calculation of molar mass D. I. Mendeleev’s periodic table of chemical elements
1 megajoule [MJ] = 1000000 joule [J]
Initial value
Converted value
joule gigajoule megajoule kilojoule millijoule microjoule nanojoule attojoule megaelectronvolt kiloelectronvolt electron-volt erg gigawatt-hour megawatt-hour kilowatt-hour kilowatt-second watt-hour watt-second newton-meter horsepower-hour horsepower (metric)-hour international kilocalorie thermochemical kilocalorie international calorie thermochemical calorie large (food) cal. British term. unit (int., IT) British term. unit of term. mega BTU (int., IT) ton-hour (refrigeration capacity) ton of oil equivalent barrel of oil equivalent (US) gigaton megaton TNT kiloton TNT ton TNT dyne-centimeter gram-force-meter gram-force-centimeter kilogram-force-centimeter kilogram -force-meter kilopond-meter pound-force-foot pound-force-inch ounce-force-inch foot-pound inch-pound inch-ounce pound-foot therm therm (EEC) therm (USA) energy Hartree equivalent gigatons of oil equivalent megatons oil equivalent to a kilobarrel of oil equivalent to a billion barrels of oil kilogram of trinitrotoluene Planck energy kilogram reciprocal meter hertz gigahertz terahertz kelvin atomic mass unit
More about energy
General information
Energy is a physical quantity of great importance in chemistry, physics, and biology. Without it, life on earth and movement are impossible. In physics, energy is a measure of the interaction of matter, as a result of which work is performed or the transition of one type of energy to another occurs. In the SI system, energy is measured in joules. One joule is equal to the energy expended when moving a body one meter with a force of one newton.
Energy in physics
Kinetic and potential energy
Kinetic energy of a body of mass m, moving at speed v equal to the work done by a force to give a body speed v. Work here is defined as a measure of the force that moves a body over a distance s. In other words, it is the energy of a moving body. If the body is at rest, then the energy of such a body is called potential energy. This is the energy required to maintain the body in this state.
For example, when a tennis ball hits a racket in flight, it stops for a moment. This happens because the forces of repulsion and gravity cause the ball to freeze in the air. At this moment the ball has potential energy, but no kinetic energy. When the ball bounces off the racket and flies away, it, on the contrary, acquires kinetic energy. A moving body has both potential and kinetic energy, and one type of energy is converted into another. If, for example, you throw a stone up, it will begin to slow down as it flies. As this slows down, kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. This transformation occurs until the supply of kinetic energy runs out. At this moment the stone will stop and the potential energy will reach its maximum value. After this, it will begin to fall down with acceleration, and the energy conversion will occur in the reverse order. The kinetic energy will reach its maximum when the stone collides with the Earth.
The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy in a closed system is conserved. The energy of the stone in the previous example changes from one form to another, and therefore, although the amount of potential and kinetic energy changes during the flight and fall, the total sum of these two energies remains constant.
Energy production
People have long learned to use energy to solve labor-intensive tasks with the help of technology. Potential and kinetic energy are used to do work, such as moving objects. For example, the energy of river water flow has long been used to produce flour in water mills. As more people use technology, such as cars and computers, in their daily lives, the need for energy increases. Today, most energy is generated from non-renewable sources. That is, energy is obtained from fuel extracted from the depths of the Earth, and it is quickly used, but not renewed with the same speed. Such fuels include, for example, coal, oil and uranium, which is used in nuclear power plants. In recent years, the governments of many countries, as well as many international organizations, such as the UN, have made it a priority to study the possibilities of obtaining renewable energy from inexhaustible sources using new technologies. Many scientific studies are aimed at obtaining such types of energy at the lowest cost. Currently, sources such as solar, wind and waves are used to generate renewable energy.
Energy for domestic and industrial use is usually converted into electricity using batteries and generators. The first power plants in history generated electricity by burning coal or using the energy of water in rivers. Later they learned to use oil, gas, sun and wind to generate energy. Some large enterprises maintain their power plants on site, but most of the energy is produced not where it will be used, but in the power plants. Therefore, the main task of energy engineers is to convert the energy produced into a form that allows the energy to be easily delivered to the consumer. This is especially important when expensive or hazardous energy production technologies are used that require constant supervision by specialists, such as hydro and nuclear power. That is why electricity was chosen for domestic and industrial use, since it is easy to transmit with low losses over long distances via power lines.
Electricity is converted from mechanical, thermal and other types of energy. To do this, water, steam, heated gas or air drive turbines, which rotate generators, where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Steam is produced by heating water using heat produced by nuclear reactions or by burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are extracted from the depths of the Earth. These are gas, oil, coal and other combustible materials formed underground. Since their quantity is limited, they are classified as non-renewable fuels. Renewable energy sources are solar, wind, biomass, ocean energy, and geothermal energy.
In remote areas where there are no power lines, or where economic or political problems regularly cause power outages, portable generators and solar panels are used. Generators running on fossil fuels are especially often used both in everyday life and in organizations where electricity is absolutely necessary, for example, in hospitals. Typically, generators operate on piston engines, in which fuel energy is converted into mechanical energy. Also popular are uninterruptible power supply devices with powerful batteries that charge when electricity is supplied and release energy during outages.
Do you find it difficult to translate units of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question in TCTerms and within a few minutes you will receive an answer.