Project work "Russian names on the world map." Great Russian travelers whose names are immortalized on the geographical map

Alexey Ilyich Chirikov(December 13, Luzhnoe village, Tula region - May 24 [June 4], Moscow) - Russian nobleman, navigator, captain-commander (), explorer of the northwestern coast of North America, the northern part of the Pacific Ocean and the northeastern coast of Asia .

Biography

• — graduated from the Moscow Navigation School.
• - graduated from the St. Petersburg Maritime Academy, receiving the rank of non-commissioned lieutenant and assignment to the Baltic Fleet.
• - returned to the Maritime Academy as a navigation teacher.
• - promoted to lieutenant and sent as an assistant to Vitus Bering in the First Kamchatka Expedition (1725-1730). Along the route, he identified 28 astronomical points, which made it possible for the first time to identify the true latitudinal extent of Siberia. On the boat “Saint Gabriel”, he sailed from the mouth of the Kamchatka River to the north to search for the strait between Asia and America.
• - received the rank of captain-lieutenant.
• — — participant and one of the leaders of the Second Kamchatka Expedition on the packet boats “St. Peter” and “St. Paul”. The expedition founded the Peter and Paul Harbor on the Kamchatka Peninsula, perpetuating the names of its ships. During the voyage of 1741, the ships of Bering and Chirikov lost each other in the fog and then acted independently. On July 15, 1741, A. I. Chirikov on the packet boat “St. Paul” reached the northwestern coast of America (this was the second visit by a Russian ship to the American coast after M. S. Gvozdev and I. Fedorov on the boat “St. Gabriel” August 21, 1732 ), and then walked along its shores to the north and on the way back discovered a number of islands of the Aleutian ridge (Umnak, Adah, Agattu, Attu), putting them on the map.
• - participated in the search for the packet boat "St. Peter". Later he participated in drawing up a map of Russian discoveries in the Pacific Ocean based on the results of the Kamchatka expeditions.
• - Director of the Maritime Academy in St. Petersburg. He was married and had two sons and three daughters.
• September 7 - Alexei Chirikov was awarded the rank of captain-commander with a transfer to Moscow, where he headed the Moscow office of the Admiralty Collegium, but soon died from tuberculosis and the consequences of scurvy.

Memory

USSR postage stamp, 1991: 250th anniversary of the voyage of Bering and Chirikov to the shores of America

• A bust of Alexei Chirikov was installed in Petropavlovsk-on-Kamchatka.
• In 1991, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Chirikov was issued.

Geographical features named after Chirikov

• a cape on the island of Kyushu, Japan;
• cape in the Gulf of Anadyr, Chukotka;
• cape in Tauyskaya Bay, Russia;
• cape on Attu Island, Aleutian Islands, USA;
• seamount in the Pacific Ocean;
• an island in the Pacific Ocean off the southern coast of Alaska.

Publications

Report to the State Admiralty Board. // Russian expeditions to study the northern part of the Pacific Ocean in the first half of the 18th century: Sat. documents. M., 1984. S. 222-231.

ALEXEY ILYICH CHIRIKOV

A graduate of the Naval Academy, the best student of its first graduating class, Alexey Ilyich Chirikov upon graduation, by order of Peter I, who was present at the exams, was immediately promoted to non-commissioned lieutenant (the second officer rank of the then fleet). After three years of practical sailing on ships Baltic Fleet he returned back to the Naval Academy, but as a teacher - this was the decision of the Admiralty Boards.

“On September 18, 1742, according to a report from the Life Guards of Captain Kazansky, a decree was sent to Kronstadt to the commander of the flagship, which ordered navy Non-commissioned lieutenants Alexey Chirikov and Alexey Nagaev are to be sent to the College without delay for assignment to the Academy for midshipman training."

Chirikov's success in the pedagogical field is evidenced by the resolution of the Admiralty Boards on production, which was approved by Peter I shortly before Chirikov's appointment to the First Kamchatka Expedition. Presenting to Peter its decision to grant Chirikov the rank of lieutenant out of turn, the Admiralty Board pointed to Chirikov’s teaching abilities and his excellent knowledge of the theory of naval affairs. In particular, the resolution of the Admiralty Boards contained reviews of authoritative officers in the fleet - Rear Admiral Sanders and Captain Kozinsky of the Guard. Both officers considered Chirikov the best educator of future fleet commanders.

These reviews and the resolution of the Admiralty Boards again drew the attention of Peter I to the talented sailor and played an important role in the discussion of candidacies for officers scheduled for the First Kamchatka Expedition. Answering Peter's questions in connection with the organization of the historical campaign, the Admiralty Board recommended appointing Chirikov as assistant to the head of the expedition.

Throughout his life, Alexey Ilyich Chirikov proved that the Admiralty Board was not mistaken in sending him on the thorny road of a sailor-researcher. From 1725, almost until his death, Chirikov’s activities were devoted to solving state problem finding and developing sea routes near the Far Eastern borders of our country.

Appointed with the approval of Peter to the First Kamchatka Expedition as the second mate of Captain-Commander Vitus Bering (the first was considered to be Shpanberg - a random person in the Russian fleet and who did not stand out for anything other than cruel treatment of his subordinates), Chirikov at the most decisive moment of the expedition showed himself to be a true explorer and a dutiful executive naval officer.

The sailors of the St. Apostle Paul faced the same difficulties as the crew of the St. Apostle Peter, commanded by Bering. But Chirikov did not hesitate even once. Exactly following the instructions of the Admiralty Boards, he led the packet boat to the east. And he won.

It is quite natural that Chirikov’s confidence in the correctness of the course he defended at the meeting and taken after the cessation of the search for the flagship guaranteed the success of the voyage of the packet boat “St. Apostle Paul” through the very bad weather that brought Bering’s death.

Found in secret archives and first published in full in 1941 in the collection of documents "Bering Expedition", Chirikov's original report confirmed the primacy of the sailors of the packet boat "St. Apostle Paul" in the discovery of the northwestern coast of America and explained how Chirikov managed to reach the American continent before Bering by eleven degrees north and spend not ten hours near the mainland coast, like Bering, but ten days.

It was not a matter of favorable circumstances or a lucky chance, which is what historiographers usually referred to when comparing the results of the Campaign of both ships.

Chirikov's report was first mentioned in Marine Collection No. 5 for 1893.

The iron will of the researcher, consciousness of duty and excellent knowledge of navigation allowed A.I. Chirikov and his companions to carry out the most harsh conditions everything that the Admiralty Board entrusted to the sailors “not without hope for good fruit in that expedition.”

Having examined the coast of the American continent and having passed along it 400 kilometers to the north, Chirikov was forced to turn the ship back across the ocean much earlier than expected. An accident has occurred. Two groups of sailors sent ashore by Chirikov (one led by navigator Dementyev, the second led by boatswain Savelyev) went missing. It was impossible to establish the reason for their disappearance, since both boats disappeared along with them, and the ship could not come close to the shore. The disappearance of fifteen people and the loss of the rowing vessels immediately worsened the situation of the crew.

The sailors did not have any means of communicating with the shore, even to replenish fresh water supplies. And yet, Chirikov led a packet boat and mapped the coast of the American continent as long as circumstances permitted. He turned the packet boat back to the Peter and Paul Harbor only because of a lack of water and provisions, but took the ship on a different course, expecting to meet new lands on the way. And this act, worthy of a true researcher, fully justified itself. The choice of a new course for the return passage across the ocean made it possible for the expedition members to discover a number of islands of the Aleutian chain (Umnak, Adah, Agattu and Attu).

The most difficult trials befell Chirikov and his companions on the way back, but deep navigational knowledge and confidence in the correctness of the course allowed the sailors of the St. Apostle Paul to successfully complete their historical voyage, and it ended a month faster than the voyage of the St. Apostle Peter from America to the Commander Islands, located three hundred miles northeast of Kamchatka.

"...On the 15th of July, he crossed from the mouth of Avachinskaya Bay to the east at a distance of 2178 minutes or Italian miles to the Osten-Norden bearing, and 3793 Russian versts, which are in degrees per hundred, four versts and a half - 3793, in northern latitude in 55g. 36mn. we received land, which we recognize without a doubt as part of America... And how this land extends is evident from the bearing log and our voyage parallel to it, and clearly the map attached to it...

At the end of the 26th of July, we reached the northern width of 58 degrees and 21 minutes... And at that point, at the beginning of the 27th... we didn’t have a single small vessel left with the packet boat and there was nothing to send ashore for proper reconnaissance, Also, there is no way to get an extra supply of water for your food. For this reason, according to *; I, Lieutenant Chikhachev, navigator with the rank of fleet lieutenant Plautin, navigator Ivan Elagin decided... to return today...

...On the 21st of August, seeing that the winds were against us for a long time, I ordered one porridge to be cooked... for two days, and only on the third day of porridge and for drinking, give water to each person in a measure that measured only thirst to quench... on rainy days, the servants collected baking water from the sails, which tasted smoky and bitter from mixing with the rigging... And while the nasty winds continued very much, then I ordered that people should be given one porridge every other day...

And from September 14, he was forced to order that only one porridge be cooked and given to people a week... the disease of scurvy came to many, and with great difficulty the officers in their positions managed, and ordinary people corrected the work, and some were already completely ill and did not go up. .., and those who did go, then through force they corrected what was due to them; and from the 16th of this month until our return to the harbor, six people died... On October 6, Lieutenant Ivan Chikhachev died: on October 8, navigator with the rank of naval lieutenant Mikhail Plautin. And due to their illnesses, Chikhachev no longer kept watch until his death, and Plautin for two weeks. At the same time, I was very exhausted from scurvy and, according to custom, was already prepared for death, and I could not go upstairs from the 21st of September until our return to the harbor... only one navigator, Ivan Elagin, remained in control of the ship, and even he I was very ill, but at the very least I overcame my weakness, it was almost unlike the management at the top, who only had help from me, that, looking at the calculations according to the journal of our route, I ordered him what course to take...

On the 8th of October at 7 o'clock in the morning we saw the Kamchatka land, and on the 10th in the afternoon at 9 o'clock we entered the Avachinskaya Bay and lay at anchor, which was already there fresh water spent everything, only two barrels remained, which were thrown out of sea ​​water through cauldrons with fire... On the 12th, the apostles Peter and Paul came to the local harbor. And Mr. Captain-Commander has not yet returned by the date below..."

These excerpts, and even more so full text A detailed and informative report, which lay hidden in secret archives for two hundred years, gives a clear idea of ​​the cost to the sailors of the packet boat "St. Apostle Paul" for the success of their historical campaign.

The report testifies to many things worthy of admiration: the correct calculation and excellent navigational knowledge of Chirikov himself and the officers subordinate to him; about the qualities of real researchers that the sailors of the packet boat possessed - perseverance, patience and discipline in the name of duty; about the crew’s courageous overcoming of unheard of labor. ness during one hundred and twenty-eight days of continuous sailing; about the heroic endurance of all participants in the campaign, who fulfilled their duties even in the conditions of such a terrible test as constant thirst, for more than a month and a half, day after day, which hunger cannot compare with. The Russian man has overcome everything.

Alexey Ilyich Chirikov owed his successful campaign not to blind chance, but to the remarkable qualities of the Russian people. It was his deep faith in the sailors of the “St. Apostle Paul” that explains the fact that he, with only one officer-navigator Elagin and forty-seven servants (sailors) instead of seventy, having waited out the winter in the Peter and Paul Harbor, ventured on a second trip across the ocean to the shores of America. Exhausted by scurvy and consumption, in 1742 he again took his packet boat east and again reached the Aleutian ridge (Attu Island).

The extreme exhaustion of the crew forced Chirikov to interrupt the repeated voyage and search for Bering. Taking the opposite course, he led the packet boat to Avachinskaya Bay, passed from the south at visual distance past the Commander Islands, not suggesting that the sailors of the flagship were in distress on one of them, and again safely returned to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

The honor of reporting on the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the expedition rightfully went to the one from whom the Admiralty Board expected “good fruit”: an enlightened navigator, a brave innovator, who selflessly fulfilled his duty as an explorer to the end.

This is how Captain-Commander Alexey Ilyich Chirikov rightly became known among his contemporaries, and this is how he entered the history of our country.

Chirikov outlived Bering by eight years. Tsynga, which he contracted on the way back from America to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, had a detrimental effect on his health. Therefore, Chirikov sent to Empress Elizabeth from Yeniseisk (where he lived for some time after the end of the expedition) a petition for dismissal due to illness or transfer to St. Petersburg "to matters that, due to his weak health, he could not carry out".

Containing these lines, officially retelling them, the resolution of the Admiralty Boards, found by the historian V. Verkh among the papers of Admiral Nagaev, Chirikov’s school friend, documents the fact that the navigator’s petition was granted and he was summoned to St. Petersburg. The resolution addressed to Nagaev stated: "...And this April 18th day / 1746)... The Admiralty Board determined: the said Chirikov, until the fleet is staffed with captains, to be here and appoint him to be present on the Academic Expedition to inspect the schools in your place; for this you with him, Chirikov, to carry out a shift... and about the same to Captain Chirikov, and decrees were sent to Kronstadt for information, and the Academy and Schools Expedition was informed..."

Appointed instead of Nagaev as head of all educational institutions Fleet, promoted to captain-commander, Chirikov, however, did not stay long in St. Petersburg. The seafarer's health continued to deteriorate.

The climate of the Baltic regions was not suitable for him. Trying to save the captain-commander, exhausted by many years of hardship, the Admiralty Board transferred him to Moscow to the post of Commissioner for Fleet Affairs. Unfortunately, climate change could no longer help others, and in 1748 "on Holy Week" he passed away "at least for the sake of my health, upset by consumption and scurvy", as was said in an article dedicated to Chirikov in “Monthly Works”, then published in St. Petersburg.

A number of places in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean are named after Chirikov, Cape Chirikov at the entrance to Tauiskaya Bay on the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, Chirikov Island in the Gulf of Alaska, Cape Chirikov on Attu Island in the Aleutian Ridge and others. These names, which have survived to this day, confirm what was said about Chirikov by the historiographer Miller, a member of the expedition: “His memory for everyone... will not fall into oblivion.”

Travelers and adventurers played huge role in the discovery and development of entire continents, islands and remote areas sushi. And today, many of the geographical objects bear the names of their discoverers.

Continents and islands named after travelers

Until the end of the fifteenth century, the civilized world knew of only two continents, which were Eurasia and Africa. However, even the territories of these continents have not been fully explored and mapped. In the fifteenth century sailing ships began to develop sharply, and sailors were able to make longer and longer voyages. As a result, in the same century two new continents were discovered: South and North America. They can be considered the largest geographical objects that were named after the Italian merchant Amerigo Vespucci (he was not a discoverer, but only the first to guess that these were new continents).

After the next continent, Australia, was discovered, one of the large islands (Tasmania) in its south was named after the discoverer Abel Tasman, who was Dutch.

Besides Tasmania, there are smaller islands and archipelagos named after travelers, such as:

• O. Bering;
• O. Fadeya;
• O. Rotmanova;
• O. Barents.

Parts of seas and continents named after travelers

Among the famous geographical objects named after travelers, the following can be indicated:

• Strait of Magellan;
• Mount Everest;
• Laptev Sea;
• Bering Strait and sea;
• Barents Sea;
• Mackenzie River;
• Angel Falls.

The Strait of Magellan is named after the Spanish navigator Ferdinand Magellan, who was the first in the world to circumnavigate the Earth. This strait is located between South America and the Tierra del Fuego islands.

Everest, the highest peak on the planet, was named after the leader of the British expedition that explored the Himalayas. Locals The mountain is called Chomolungma.

The Laptev Sea, which lies in northern Russia, is named after the cousins ​​who explored its shores in the 18th century.

On our planet you can find many geographical features named after travelers or discoverers. For example, the highest mountain peak is named after George Everest, the head of the English expedition to Nepal. The Russian navigator Bering gave his name to the strait between Eurasia and America. To the south of Australia is the island of Tasmania, whose name is formed from the name of the Dutch discoverer Abel Tasman. Off the coast South America there is the Strait of Magellan.

Every person dreams of perpetuating his last name or first name. It was quite easy for travelers and ancient sailors to do this; the objects they discovered were named in their honor. Nowadays it is much more difficult with such discoveries. Some people are even willing to pay money to have a distant star named after them. Two continents were named in honor of Amerigo Vespucci, the country of Colombia was named in honor of Christopher Columbus, and the Marshall Islands are named after John Marshall.

Geographical features named after travelers

Various geographical features received their names in honor of famous travelers and explorers. There are a lot of geographical objects on our planet bearing the names of travelers, in particular:

For the most part, all geographical objects that bear the name of travelers, their researchers, are located in hard to reach places. Where Europeans have lived for a long time and have always had the opportunity to explore this object, they have much more interesting names. But near the poles, almost every significant geographical object bears someone’s first or last name.

But personally, I’m also interested in the fact that the people of our country really want to immortalize themselves and therefore, at the slightest opportunity, they leave rock inscriptions “I was here...”. For me, this method is unacceptable. I believe that we need to look for other ways to leave a mark on history.

What geographical objects are named after Russian travelers?

Answers:

The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin, the easternmost tip of Asia is Cape Dezhnev, the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula is named after Boris Vilkitsky, the islands in the Kara Sea are named after polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin... Among the seas, named after the famous geographers Barents and Bering, the Laptev Sea appeared on geographical maps, which did not exist on old, pre-revolutionary maps. It was named in honor of the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea is also named after Dmitry Laptev, and the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula is named after Khariton Laptev - from Pyasinsky Bay to Taimyr Bay. Cities and towns named after domestic travelers: village. Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V.I. Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian Fleet), Kropotkin ( Krasnodar region) - P. A. Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist), Lazarev (Khabarovsk Territory) - M. P. Lazarev (Russian traveler), Makarov (Sakhalin region) - S. O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer), village. Poyarkova (Amur region) - V.D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer), village. Przhevalskoye (Smolensk region) - N. M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler), Khabarovsk, Erofey Pavlovich station (Amur region) - Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer), Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - G. I. Shelikhov - Russian traveler; An island and a bay at the southeastern tip of Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov. Geographical objects, named in honor of A.I. Chirikov, a cape in the Gulf of Anadyr, Russia; cape in Tauyskaya Bay, Russia;

Strait of Magellan

The Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan in 1520 discovered a 575 km long strait between South America and the islands off its southern part. Magellan studied the coastline more than two thousand kilometers long, and only after a long search was he able to find a narrow strait inland.
Magellan explored the strait well and at the same time discovered an archipelago, which he gave the name Tierra del Fuego. And he called the ocean in which he swam Quiet; during the entire three months of his voyage, not a single storm occurred.

Cape Dezhnev

In 1648, Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev circled the Chukotka Peninsula from the north, proving that it was possible to get from Europe to China through the northern seas. The strait between America and Eurasia was named after Bering, although Dezhnev passed through the strait 80 years earlier; it’s just that few people in the Old World knew the Russian pioneers. And only in 1879, Nils Nordenskiöld, an Arctic explorer, restored justice and named the extreme eastern point of Eurasia after Dezhnev.
Cape Dezhnev is a pile of rocks one on top of the other; there is a constant piercing wind here. strong wind and there are often fogs.

Wrangel Island

The island was named in honor of Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel, a navigator, admiral, and explorer who explored the coast of Siberia in the northeast and the coast of North America in the west from the Bering Strait to the coast of California.
Wrangel Island is populated rare plants and animals, such flora and fauna are not found on any other Arctic island. Since 2004, the island has been under UNESCO protection.

Mount Cook

The highest mountain in New Zealand (3754 meters) is named after the navigator James Cook. The summit is located in Aoraki Mount Cook National Park. Discovered Mount Cook in 1768-1771 during his first trip around the world. James Cook also discovered the strait between the South and North Islands, which also bears his name.
Bering Strait
In 1728, the Dane Vitus Bering, an officer of the Russian fleet, was the first European navigator to pass through the strait separating Eurasia and America. At its narrowest point, the width of the strait is 86 km. Also leading two expeditions to Kamchatka, Bering discovered several Aleutian islands.

Ratmanov Island

Ratmanov Island is a rock with a flat top and a cap of snow lying on it. The island is located in the Bering Strait, it is the easternmost point of Russia. Sometimes, weather permitting, you can see the shores of Alaska from there. The only life is the border guards on duty.
Previously, the island was called Imaklik; later, Vitus Bering, who sailed here, gave the name to the island of Big Diomede. And only 90 years after Bering, the navigator Otto Kotzebue gave this island a different name - Ratmanov Island, in honor of the officer Makar Ratmanov, who participated with Otto himself in a trip around the world. So this geographical object was named after the traveler.

In 1611, the strait was discovered by Henry Hudson. Having set out on an expedition, the navigator encountered a riot on the ship. The sailors, having taken possession of the ship, turned it back, but Hudson, along with his son and some other crew members, was put on the boat without supplies. Nothing more is known about the fate of Henry Hudson, only that he disappeared in the vastness of the bay, which was deservedly named after him.
Hudson Bay is sometimes called the Canadian Sea - the bay extends so deeply into the country. Hudson Bay itself belongs to both the Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean.

Drake Passage

A very dangerous place for sailors - there are often strong storms and many whirlpools. This strait connects Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic. The narrowest part is 800 kilometers.
In 1578, the English pirate Francis Drake sailed through it for the first time on his ship, the Golden Hind. After Magellan, Drake made his second trip around the world.

Tasmania Island

Abel Tasman discovered an island off the coast of Australia in 1642. They did not go to the shore of the island, but moved further and a few days later they were off the coast of New Zealand. After Zealand, sailors discovered the islands of Tonga and Fiji. But the East India Company declared the expedition a failure due to the fact that new trade routes were not found. Tasmania Island, New Zealand, Australia were forgotten for 100 years until the famous navigator James Cook visited here. But only in 1856, 200 years later, the island received its real name.
Today, opium is grown legally on the island for pharmaceutical purposes.

This is a system of waterfalls and rapids on the Congo River, 350 kilometers long. The waterfalls end at the port of Matadi, which was founded by traveler, African explorer and journalist Henry Morton Stanley. Stanley named the waterfalls in the Congo after David Livingston. Scotsman Livingston is a famous explorer of Africa, having walked more than 50,000 kilometers across it. Although Livingston himself never saw Livingston Falls - he studied only the upper reaches of the Congo.

Fadeya Islands

The Thaddeus Islands are located off the eastern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, and are named after Thaddeus Faddeevich Bellingshausen, the discoverer of Antarctica. The group of islands was discovered in 1736 by a detachment of the Russian polar explorer Vasily Pronchishchev; they were all participants in the Great Northern Expedition. Pronchishchev and his team at wooden ship moved along the northeastern coast of Taimyr, compiling a description of the coastline.

Cape Chelyuskin

Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin, at the head of an expedition, first reached the cape in the north of Taimyr in 1742. But then Chelyuskin called it East-Northern.
In 1842, celebrating the centenary of the expedition, it was decided to rename Cape East-North to Cape Chelyuskin, in honor of the explorer of northern Russia and the polar navigator.
The climate in the north of the Taimyr Peninsula is quite harsh - winter is year-round, snow almost never melts, and summer temperatures are not higher than +1 C°.

Mount Fitzroy

British officer Robert Fitzroy - explorer of the southern coast Latin America. In 1831, the Beagle Fitzroy set sail from Portsmouth. The ship spent more than 3 years off the coast of South America. Fitzroy carried out enormous cartographic work. He mapped numerous islands off the western and eastern coasts of South America and explored Patagonia and the Strait of Magellan.
But he never saw the mountain named after him. After his voyage, 40 years passed when a traveler from Argentina, Francisco Moreno, stumbled upon a South American peak in the wilds of Patagonia. He decided to name the picturesque mountain, 3375 meters high, after the famous British explorer.

Lisyansky Island

In 1805, Ivan Kruzenshtern, during his trip around the world, discovered a small Pacific island in the north-west of the Hawaiian archipelago. They were named after Fyodor Lisyansky, the captain of the sloop “Neva”, who also took part in the expedition. Until the 20th century, fertilizer from droppings - guano - was extracted on this island. And since 1909, Theodore Roosevelt made the island part of the Hawaiian Bird Sanctuary.

Cities and towns named after domestic travelers:
1 - Kropotkin (Krasnodar region). Russian geographer, geologist, prince - P.A. Kropotkin
2 - village Beringovsky(Chukotka). Captain-commander of the Russian Fleet, navigator V.I. Bering.
3 - Shelikhov (Irkutsk region). Russian travelers G.I.Shelikhov
4 - Lazarev city (Khabarovsk Territory). Russian traveler M.P. Lazarev
5 - village Poyarkova(Amur region) Russian explorer V.D. Poyarkov
6 - Makarov (Sakhalin region). Oceanographer, Russian naval commander S.O. Makarov
7 - village Przhevalskoe(Smolensk region). Russian traveler N.M. Przhevalsky.
In the name of S.P. Krasheninnikov and a cape on Karaginsky Island, an island and bay at the southeastern tip of Kamchatka, a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named.