Mikhail bonch-bruevich. Literary and historical notes of a young technician

(09-02-1888 - 07-03-1940)

The Russian scientist Mikhail Alexandrovich Bonch-Bruevich was one of the pioneers of radio engineering. It was he who organized the first domestic production electronic tubes, created the world's first powerful broadcasting station in Moscow.

Mikhail Alexandrovich was born on February 22, 1888 in Orel, in the family of a landowner. However, his childhood passed in Kyiv, where the family was forced to move due to ruin.

Young Mikhail received his primary education at the Kiev Commercial School. In September 1906, he successfully passed the entrance exams and was enrolled as a cadet in the Nikolaev Engineering School in St. Petersburg.

With young years Bonch-Bruevich had a craving for inventions and improvements. So, at the age of 9, he begged his father to buy various reagents at the pharmacy and arranged in the garden, along with younger brothers laboratory.

The boys set up various experiments there, and always with explosions. In 1906, Mikhail built a radio transmitter and receiver according to the scheme of A. S. Popov.

The year 1907 can be considered the beginning of Bonch-Bruevich's scientific activity, when he began work on the theory of the spark discharge. Mikhail Alexandrovich continued his research in the spark company in Irkutsk, and finished in the radiotelegraph laboratory of the Officers' Electrotechnical School in St. Petersburg.

Bonch-Bruevich graduated from the Engineering School in 1909 with the rank of second lieutenant, he achieved his secondment to the 1st Siberian company of the spark telegraph. Otherwise, such companies were called radiotelegraph. They were equipped with spark radios with a range of up to 30 km and a power of 0.5 kW.

After finishing his service in the telegraph company, Bonch-Bruevich continued his studies - in 1912 he entered the Officers' Electrotechnical School.

In 1914, the Russian Physical and Technical Society awarded him the F. F. Petrushevsky Prize for his work on the study of the electric spark. The engineer did not continue experiments with the spark, as he understood that spark radio stations were outdated and needed to be replaced with more advanced devices. Bonch-Bruevich was interested in the work of foreign scientists on vacuum tubes.

In August 1914, Germany declared war on Russia. The future inventor was sent to Tver as an assistant to the head of the receiving radio station A. I. Aristov. The Tver radio station provided wire communication between Russia and the allies - England and France. The Allies sent radio stations and tube radios to the Russian front. The army was dependent on such supplies and was often left without any radio contact. Electronic tubes imported from Europe, mainly from France, were used to amplify the signal at radio stations. Such lamps were very expensive and of low quality, which greatly complicated the work of radio stations.

Bonch-Bruevich understood the need for the production of domestic radio tubes. AT own apartment he set up a laboratory. The engineer obtained materials and equipment for his experiments with great difficulty. The first attempts to design a lamp ended in failure: it was not possible to obtain a persistent vacuum in the lamp. This problem was solved by using the Guede mercury pump.

For the operation of the Gede mercury piston pump, it was necessary to constantly add mercury to its upper reservoir. The pump stood in the same room where Bonch-Bruevich lived, next to his bed, so that, periodically waking up, Mikhail Alexandrovich could pour mercury from the lower reservoir into the upper one at night, thus not stopping the process of very long pumping. Permanent job with mercury led to poisoning by its vapors, as a result, the inventor spent several weeks in the hospital.

In 1915, Bonch-Bruevich created his own design of a radio tube, it had to be tested at the reception of a radio station operating with undamped oscillations. This was in Paris - this is the Eiffel Tower. The tests were successful.

Here is how P. A. Ostryakov describes the tests of the lamp in his book: “Sweating, corporal Bobkov turns the wheel air pump, somewhere in the corner of the room a rotating mercury pump murmurs, non-commissioned officer Kaboshin turns some handles, and the lieutenant himself pours water on the putty and sealing wax that sealed the junctions of the lamp with the pump. The melodious rumble of the Eiffel Tower transmitter resounds throughout the room.”

In all respects, the development of Bonch-Bruevich surpassed the French lamps industrial production, which were previously exported to Russia. The first lamp removed from the pump was made by Bonch-Bruevich in the spring of 1916. She had 2 bases with cartridges for 2 filaments. When one filament burned out, the lamp was turned over and turned on with another cartridge.

In 1918, People's Commissar V. N. Podbelsky became interested in the work of Bonch-Bruevich. He assisted in improving the conditions for the production of lamps and helped to ensure that new equipment came from Moscow and Petrograd. Podbelsky allocated money to move the laboratory to another city with the best conditions production. In August 1918 in Nizhny Novgorod on the banks of the Volga in a three-story big house the equipment of a new laboratory began, which was called the Nizhny Novgorod, and later the twice Red Banner radio laboratory named after V. I. Lenin.

The first batch of 100 vacuum tubes produced by the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory was ready for the first anniversary of the October Revolution (November 1918).

The inventor did not stop there, and the Nizhny Novgorod lamp, unlike the Tver one, was no longer gas, but completely electronic and had sufficient vacuum. The lamp received the brand PR-1 - "Void relay of the first type." As the first Russian vacuum tube, it was called the "grandmother of the Russian radio tube."

Having set up serial production of receiving-amplifying lamps, Bonch-Bruevich began practical work by radiotelephony. So, on January 11, 1920, 4 km from the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory, a radio transmission was received at the receiving station: an excerpt from a book was read, singing, whistling, individual words and phrases with hissing sounds. The quality of voice reproduction was much better than wired transmission.

On January 15, 1920, a test radiotelephone transmission took place from the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory to Moscow at 30 watts of transmitter power.

The French lamp had a working life of 10 hours at a cost of 250 rubles, while the lamp designed by Bonch-Bruevich, with a life of 4 weeks, cost the state only 32 rubles.

A number of difficulties in the work of the radio laboratory, interruptions in the supply of material forced Bonch-Bruevich to apply directly to V. I. Lenin for assistance.

Lenin highly appreciated the importance of broad radio broadcasting and on March 7, 1920 signed a resolution of the Council of Labor and Defense, which states:

"one. To instruct the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory of the People's Commissariat of Postal Service to manufacture, as soon as possible, no later than two and a half months, a Central Radio Telephone Station with a range of 2000 versts.

2. Designate Moscow as the installation site and preparatory work start immediately."

The inventor faced a difficult task: it was necessary to increase the power of the lamp so that the station could have a range of 2000 miles (approximately 2120 km). The main obstacle to increasing power is the strong release of heat at the anode of the lamp, it became very hot and melted. Melting of the anode could be prevented by replacing the aluminum with the refractory metal molybdenum or tantalum. It was not possible to get such metals at that time. The same task was already faced in the West, where scientists recognized it as impossible.

After numerous experiments and drawings, a model of a lamp of such a design appeared, which has not yet been in the world. Bonch-Bruevich applied forced water cooling. Instead of a scarce tantalum anode - a simple copper tube. She went inside the lamp and was connected by a hose to an ordinary water supply. The anode was cooled by water, and the heat left with it. The power of such a lamp was 950 watts. With such power it was already possible to start radiotelephone transmissions.

For further experiments, the lamp, together with the transmitter designed by Mikhail Aleksandrovich, was delivered to Moscow to the Khodynka radio station. During the experiments, the quality of the transmitter and the transmission range were checked. The signals of the Moscow radiotelephone were received in the most remote corner of the country at that time - Tashkent.

The leaders of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs decided to verify the possibilities of radiotelephone communication with foreign countries. The Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs of Germany was invited to take part in a radiotelephone transmission from Moscow to a reception center located in the city of Geltov.

On the appointed day, a speech was broadcast in Russian and German. This set a world record for radiotelephone transmission distance. Bonch-Bruyevich justified Lenin's trust, fulfilled his task, proving the feasibility of the newspaper "without paper and without distances."

In 1921, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree on the construction of radiotelephone stations throughout the country.

The manufacture of a large series of radiotelephone transmitters and receivers was entrusted to the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory.

The first test transmissions caused surprise in many cities far from the capital. So, signalmen from Irkutsk (4000 km from Moscow), having heard human speech in a receiving device designed to record telegraph signals, considered it so incredible that they tried to explain the unusual phenomenon by “induction from a city telephone”. And the telegraph operator on duty at one of the radio stations beyond the Arctic Circle, having heard a human voice instead of the usual signs of Morse code, dropped his headphones in horror and ran away.

On August 21, 1922, the regular transmission of the newspaper "without paper and without distance" began. In the same year, Bonch-Bruevich designed a model of a powerful 100 kW generator lamp. Then this lamp was the most powerful in the world, its height with an anode tank exceeded the height of an average person.

In the period from 1923 to 1925, Bonch-Bruevich, together with a team of employees of the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory, developed a typical transmitter for district broadcasting, which was called the Small Comintern. A series of such transmitters in 27 stations was installed in a number of cities Soviet Union.

The first radio concert was given on September 17, 1922 from Nizhny Novgorod. An announcement for those wishing to listen to the radio program was published in the Izvestia newspaper. The concert was held in the courtyard of the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory. Several compositions personally selected by Mikhail Alexandrovich were played on the piano. By order of the People's Commissariat for Postal Service, a 40 kW station, the most powerful in Europe at that time, the New Comintern station, was installed on Shabolovka.

Having moved to Leningrad in 1928, Bonch-Bruevich worked on the propagation of radio waves in upper layers atmosphere.

For the first time in the USSR, Mikhail Alexandrovich began research upper layers ionosphere by the method of pulsed sendings, called the "radio echo" method, which later became the basis of radar. Already in the summer of 1933, an impulse ionospheric station built by Bonch-Bruevich was operating in Murmansk.

Numerous scientific merits of Bonch-Bruevich served as the basis for his election as a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1931.

During the period from 1928 to 1940, Mikhail Aleksandrovich transferred 60 patents for various inventions in the field of radio engineering to the radio industry of the Soviet Union.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bonch-Bruevich died in 1940 in Leningrad at the age of 52.

As a sign of recognition and memory of a remarkable scientist and engineer, the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications was named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich.

Our university is named after the outstanding scientist, Professor Mikhail Alexandrovich Bonch-Bruevich. An outstanding teacher, a brilliant scientist, a talented administrator, he devoted his whole life to serving science. Employees and students of SPbSUT are proud that the university has immortalized the name of this remarkable person.

Mikhail Alexandrovich was born on February 21, 1888 in the city of Orel. He graduated from the Kiev Commercial School, the St. Petersburg Nikolaev Military Engineering School, and the Officers' Electrotechnical School.

my first scientific work on the theory of spark discharge, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich completed in 1907 - 1914. It was published in the form of two articles in the journal of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society.

With the support of the head of the Tver radio station M. A. Bonch-Bruevich in utility room radio station organized a workshop where he was able to establish the production of domestic vacuum tubes. These lamps were equipped with a radio receiver, which was produced in the workshop of the Tver radio station by order of the Main Military-Technical Directorate of the Russian Army.

At the beginning of the 1920s, studies of methods of radio telephony were carried out in the Nizhny Novgorod laboratory under the direction of M. A. Bonch-Bruevich. On January 15, 1920, the first successful experience of radiotelephone transmission from Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow was made.

In order to ensure the decision of the Council of People's Commissars on the creation of a central telegraph station with a range of 2000 miles, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich in 1922 proposed an original design and technical solution for a powerful generator lamp.

Under his leadership, the first powerful broadcasting station (Shukhov Tower) was designed and built in Moscow in 1922, which began its work in August 1922 - the Moscow Central Radiotelephone Station, which had a power of 12 kW.

On May 22 and 27, 1922, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich organized trial radio transmissions of musical works from the studio of the Nizhny Novgorod Laboratory, and on September 17, 1922, the first broadcasting concert in Europe from Moscow was organized.

In 1922, he made a laboratory model of a radio engineering device for transmitting images at a distance, which he called a radio telescope.

In the mid-1920s, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich began to study the use of short radio waves for radio communications. Convinced that short radio waves are perfect for organizing both radiotelegraph and radiotelephone communications, the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory developed and designed equipment for this type of radio communication. In 1926, on the basis of this equipment, a short-wave communication line between Moscow and Tashkent was put into operation.

Since 1921 he has been a professor at the Department of Radio Engineering at the University of Nizhny Novgorod, since 1922 he has been a professor at the Moscow Higher technical university them. Bauman. About 60 inventions have been patented and transferred to industry by scientists.

In 1931-1940. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich conducted pedagogical work at the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications (LEIS) as a professor at the Department of Theoretical Radio Engineering, was in charge of the radio faculty, and was deputy director of the institute for education. Since 1931 he was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, in 1934 he received the title of Doctor of Science. He died on March 7, 1940. In the same year, by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of June 8, LEIS was named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich.

Bonch-Bruevich Mikhail Alexandrovich

Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, radio engineer

Born in the city of Orel. In his youth, he was fond of radio engineering and built a radio transmitter and a radio receiver according to the scheme.

He graduated from the Kiev Commercial School, in 1906 he was enrolled as a cadet in the Nikolaev Engineering School in St. Petersburg. After graduating from college with the rank of second lieutenant, he served in Irkutsk, in the 2nd company of the spark telegraph of the 5th Siberian engineer battalion.

M. A. Bonch-Bruevich completed his first scientific work on the theory of spark discharge in 1907-1914. It was published as two articles in the journal of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society.

For this work, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich was awarded the F. F. Petrushevsky Prize. In 1912, with the rank of lieutenant, he entered the Officers' Electrotechnical School, after which in 1914 he was appointed assistant head of the Tver military radio station for international relations.

By the highest order of December 25, 1915, Staff Captain Bonch-Bruevich was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class.

With the support of the head of the Tver radio station, staff captain V. M. Leshchinsky, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich organized a workshop in the back room of the radio station, where he was able to establish the production of domestic vacuum tubes. These lamps were equipped with a radio receiver, which was produced in the workshop of the Tver radio station by order of the Main Military-Technical Directorate of the Russian Army.

In 1916, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich manufactured the first cathode lamp in Russia; prepared the first Russian manual on electrical engineering. In 1917, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich published the work “Application of cathode relays in radio telegraph reception”.

Together with the workshop in August 1918, he moved to Nizhny Novgorod, where he headed the scientific and technical work at the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory in 1918-1928.

In 1918, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich proposed a scheme for a switching device with two stable operating states, called a “cathode relay”. This device was subsequently called a trigger.

In 1919, in the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory, he made a report, later published in the journal "Radiotechnician" No. 7: "Foundations for the technical calculation of hollow cathode relays low power”, which outlined the triode calculation theory developed by M. A. Bonch-Bruevich, which became the basis of the theory of electron tubes and later called the “Bonch-Bruevich-Barkhausen theory”. Under the leadership of M. A. Bonch-Bruevich, in the spring of 1919, serial production of receiving-amplifying lamps was launched in Nizhny Novgorod. Up to 1000 pieces of lamps were produced per year.

In the early 1920s, studies of radio telephony methods were carried out in the Nizhny Novgorod laboratory under the direction of M. A. Bonch-Bruevich. On January 15, 1920, the first successful experience of radiotelephone transmission from Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow was made. In order to ensure the decision of the Council of People's Commissars on the creation of a central telegraph station with a range of 2000 miles, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich in 1922 proposed an original design and technical solution for a powerful generator lamp.

Under his leadership, the first powerful broadcasting station (Shukhov Tower) was designed and built in Moscow in 1922, which began its work in August 1922 - the Moscow Central Radiotelephone Station, which had a power of 12 kW.

On May 22 and 27, 1922, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich organized trial radio transmissions of musical works from the studio of the Nizhny Novgorod Laboratory, and on September 17, 1922, the first broadcasting concert in Europe from Moscow was organized. In 1922, he made a laboratory model of a radio engineering device for transmitting images at a distance, which he called a radio telescope. On October 5, 1924, Professor M. A. Bonch-Bruevich, at a scientific and technical conversation in the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory, announced a new method of telephoning invented by him, based on a change in the oscillation period. The demonstration of frequency modulation was carried out on a laboratory model. Continuing to improve the generator transmitting radio tubes and seeking to increase their power, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich and his colleagues managed in 1924 to develop and manufacture radio tubes with a power of 100 kW, unique for that time.

At the Scandinavian-Baltic Exhibition, held in Stockholm in 1925, Bonch-Bruevich's radio tubes aroused tremendous interest among professional visitors to the exhibition. In 1927, under the leadership of M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, the employees of the Nizhny Novgorod laboratory in Moscow put into operation the most powerful at that time in Europe 40-kilowatt radio station "New Comintern".

M. A. Bonch-Bruevich until 1925 headed the Department of Radio Engineering at the University of Nizhny Novgorod, and in 1926-1928 the Department of Electrical Engineering.

In the mid-1920s, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich, together with V. V. Tatarinov, an employee of the Nizhny Novgorod laboratory, began to study the use of short radio waves for radio communication. Convinced that short radio waves are perfect for organizing both radiotelegraph and radiotelephone communications, the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory developed and designed equipment for this type of radio communication. In 1926, on the basis of this equipment, a short-wave communication line between Moscow and Tashkent was put into operation.

During this period, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich also took part in the popularization of radio engineering. He was the editor of the popular science film Radio, released in 1928.

At the end of 1928, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich, together with a group of scientists and engineers, went to work at the Central Radio Laboratory of the Trust of Low Current Plants in Leningrad. In Leningrad, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich dealt with the propagation of short radio waves in the upper atmosphere and radar, and taught at the radio engineering department of the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications.

Professor of the Moscow Higher Technical School (1922), Leningrad Institute of Communications Engineers (1932), doctor technical sciences.

In 1931, M. A. Bonch-Bruevich was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich died in Leningrad and was buried at the Bogoslovsky cemetery.

Memory: at house number 5 on the Verkhne-Volzhskaya embankment ( Nizhny Novgorod region Nizhny Novgorod) - in the house where the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory was located, where Soviet radio broadcasting was born (now the museum "Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory"), memorial plaques were installed.

Vera Mikhailovna Velichkina ((8) September 1868, Moscow - September 30, 1918, Moscow) - Bolshevik, Soviet party leader, writer, writer, doctor, first wife of Vladimir Bonch-Bruevich.

Born in the family of a priest in Moscow.

At the age of 17 she graduated from a gymnasium in Moscow.

Since 1885, she was a student of pedagogical courses in Moscow, which she then left, continuing at home to intensively engage in natural sciences

During the famine of 1891-92. worked in the Ryazan province to organize assistance to the starving in institutions created by L. N. Tolstoy. During this period, she experienced a significant influence of the ideas of Tolstoy, then she became interested in the teachings of the populists Lavrov and Mikhailovsky.

In the second half of 1892 she went to Switzerland and began to study at the medical faculty in Bern and Zurich.

In Switzerland, she closely communicated with emigrant groups different directions, was engaged in the study of Russian revolutionary literature.

She contacted the Foundation of the Free Russian Press in London, in the leaflets of which she published material about the circumstances of the arrest and death of teacher E. N. Drozhzhin and the persecution of the Dukhobors.

Velichkina's revolutionary connections drew the attention of the police to her, and during her arrival in Moscow in the summer of 1894 she was under covert surveillance, and at the time of her return departure she was arrested at the station on October 3, 1894. During a search on the night of October 4 in the Velichkins' house illegal literature was taken away and a member of the underground organization "People's Law" M. Sytsyanko-Oslopova, who illegally lived with the Velichkins, was detained.

After that, Velichkina was involved, together with her brother Nikolai and sister Claudia, in the case of N. Flerov, M. Sytsyanko-Oslopova, members of the People's Law organization. She was detained until December 12, 1894, after which the case against her was dismissed by agreement of the Ministry of the Interior and Justice on the basis of a manifesto on November 14, 1894.

After prison, she lived in the Voronezh province (from late autumn 1895 to spring 1896), was engaged in paramedical practice and cultural and educational work among the peasants.

At the same time, she periodically came to Moscow, where during 1895-1896. worked in the Social Democratic circle of P. N. Kolokolnikov, together with her brother Nikolai, participated in the hectography and mimeography of illegal literature. While working in a revolutionary circle, she met Vladimir Bonch-Bruevich, married him, changed her surname to Bonch-Bruevich.

In April 1896, with Bonch-Bruevich, she left for Switzerland, where they became representatives of the Moscow Workers' Union. She helped the work of the Emancipation of Labor group.

In Switzerland in 1896-1898. She completed her medical education at the University of Bern and received her medical degree.

In 1899-1900. spent 13 months in Canada among the Doukhobors, helping them settle in their new jobs and serving them as a doctor.

In Switzerland, she was engaged in literary work for the Posrednik publishing house.

In 1901, she organized a demonstration in Geneva against the policy of tsarism in front of the Russian consulate. In the autumn of 1901, she made an attempt to return to Russia, but was arrested on the border on October 2, 1901 in Verzhbolovo and was imprisoned in St. Petersburg until January 1902 on charges of organizing a demonstration in Geneva against the Russian consulate.

After her release from prison, at the end of May 1902, she again went to Geneva. She joined the social-democratic organization "Life", advocated the accession of "Life" to the line of "Iskra". After the dissolution of the Life group at a congress of its members in December 1902, she joined the Iskra Foreign League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy. During the split, the RSDLP joined the Bolsheviks. She became a member of the Geneva Bolshevik Group.

Representative of the Bolsheviks in the political "Red Cross" in Geneva.

She was present at the second congress of the Foreign League, which she left with other Bolsheviks after the refusal of the majority of the congress to obey the order of the representative Central Committee Lengnik.

She was an active member of the Geneva group of Bolsheviks; she worked on the expedition of the Central Committee, organized the transportation of party literature to Russia, but in the middle of 1904, after the agreement of the Central Committee with the Mensheviks, she signed a statement with other expedition workers protesting this change in the course of his policy and refused to work on the expedition. At the same time she signed the declaration of the 22 Bolsheviks.

Participated abroad during 1902-05. in various literary enterprises - in the publication of the social-democratic magazine for sectarians "Rassvet" (Geneva, 1904), in which she placed under the pseudonym "V. Perova" many articles both on current politics and historical ones.

In 1905, she helped the editorial staff of the Bolshevik publications Vperyod and Proletariat, translated the works of K. Marx and F. Engels.

On the eve of the revolution of 1905, she prepared for publication a collection of revolutionary songs and poems Before Dawn, which was published at the end of 1905 in Geneva by the publishing house of the Iskra newspaper.

In the "days of freedom" in 1905, she returned to Russia - to St. Petersburg, where she was soon arrested at the last meeting of the Council of Workers' Deputies, after a few months she was released from prison. Later she worked as a member of the editorial board of the Bolshevik publishing house Vperyod until the editorial office was crushed by the authorities.

Beginning in 1907, Velichkina, together with Bonch-Bruevich, headed the Marxist publishing house Life and Knowledge in St. Petersburg.

During the years of reaction, she did not break ties with the party, participated in the work of the Duma Social Democratic factions, collaborated in Zvezda and Pravda, and assisted comrades who came from abroad, in particular in establishing relations with the working environment.

She did a lot of work among the workers as a public doctor and as a cultural enlightenment worker (the workers' club on the Sands "Nauka", etc.).

She traveled to the Ufa province to organize food and medical assistance to the starving Tatars and Cheremis. During the First World War, she worked for a year and a half as a doctor at the front.

After February Revolution was the secretary of the editorial board of Izvestia of the Petrograd Soviet, until the forced resignation of the first composition of this editorial board and its transfer to the defencists. She was a member of the editorial board of the Rabotnitsa magazine. Member of the bureau of the Rozhdestvensky district committee of the RSDLP (b).

During the days of the October Revolution, she worked in the Medical and Sanitary Department of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee. After the October Revolution, she led the organization of school and health affairs, heading the relevant department under the People's Commissariat of Education (on her own initiative and educated), along with this, she was one of the initiators of the creation of the People's Commissariat for Health and was appointed a member of the first collegium of the People's Commissariat of Health.

She was one of the doctors who treated V.I. Lenin as head of the Soviet government.

Together with her husband and all other members of the Soviet government, she moved to Moscow, continued to be a member of the group of attending physicians of V. I. Lenin, provided him medical care, including after being wounded by the hand of F. Kaplan.

During the days of the October armed uprising, one of the active members of the Military Revolutionary Committee was Vera Mikhailovna Velichkina. A doctor by profession, she worked in the medical and sanitary department, formed detachments of red sisters, supplied them with medicines and necessary materials.

daughter of priest Mikhail V. († until 1904) and Varvara Mikhailovna. Doctor of Medicine, female doctor of the children's hospital of Prince P. G. Oldenburg, doctor of the 1st feeding and dressing detachment of the Red Cross on the South-Western Front, awarded the St. From Jan. 1918 government commissioner of the school health department of the Commissariat of Public Education, from March 1918 deputy. pres. Council of Medical Colleges in the Council of People's Commissars, from July 1918 a member of the collegium of the People's Commissariat of Health.

Michael Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich
Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Michael Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich, a talented engineer-inventor and an outstanding scientist, is the first radio transmitter of the Soviet Union.

He was born on February 22, 1888 in Orel. In his youth, he became interested in radio engineering and, in amateur conditions, built a radio transmitter and a radio receiver in 1906 according to the scheme of A. S. Popov. He graduated from the military engineering school in St. Petersburg and the Higher Military Electrotechnical School. In 1914 he went to work as an assistant to the head of the Tver receiving radio station. Here he organized a small laboratory in which he made the first domestic vacuum tubes and the first tube receivers.

After the Great October Socialist Revolution, the works Bonch-Bruevich V. I. Lenin became interested, who instructed the People's Commissariat of Postal Service to organize the first Soviet laboratory.

This laboratory, with the direct assistance of V.I. Lenin, was organized in Nizhny Novgorod on December 2, 1918. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich.

During the years of intervention and blockade, when the country was isolated from outside world, the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory (NRL) has become a true forge of radio inventions. Here the talent unfolded in full breadth Michael Alexandrovich. The laboratory gained worldwide fame and twice (in 1922 and 1928) was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

Already in 1918 M.A. Bonch-Bruevich began the production of the first Soviet vacuum receiving tubes in the laboratory, began to develop generator and modulator tubes, and in 1920 he manufactured the first lamp with a power of 2 kW and completed the development of the first radiotelephone transmitter.

“I take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude and sympathy to you for the great work of radio inventions that you are doing. The newspaper without paper and “without distances” that you create will be a great thing. I promise to render you all possible assistance to this and similar works. With best wishes, V. Ulyanov (Lenin)."

In the same year, the Council of Labor and Defense instructed the NRL to build a central radio station with a range of two thousand miles.

Working on this task, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich improves the design of generator lamps, develops a lamp with a power of 25 kW and builds a twelve-kilowatt radiotelephone transmitter.

These achievements of his were ahead of world radio engineering, which at that time did not have such lamps or radio stations of such power. Water-cooled generator lamps - an invention Bonch-Bruevich- were then copied abroad.

The first radio concert was given in 1922 from Nizhny Novgorod.

Since 1923, the Nizhny Novgorod laboratory under the direction of M.A. Bonch-Bruevich developed a number of new powerful lamps (up to 100 kW), built a 40 kW broadcasting station in Moscow and 27 one-kilowatt broadcasting stations installed in various cities of the Soviet Union.

It should be noted the important role Bonch-Bruevich in the field of short wave technology, where he was also a pioneer and initiator of their use for commercial radio communications, he was the first to introduce the work of "day" and "night" waves, together with V. V. Tatarinov designed directional antennas, developed their theory.

In 1929, the NRL was transferred to Leningrad and merged with the central radio laboratory of the Trust of Low Current Plants. Subsequently, a number of separate research institutes and laboratories arose on its basis. In Leningrad, M.A. Bonch-Bruevich continued scientific activity. He was elected professor of the Department of Radio Engineering of the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications, dealt with radio communications in the Far North, and conducted research in the field of the ionosphere.

Under the direction of Bonch-Bruevich in 1932, for the first time in the USSR, the study of the ionosphere by the radio echo method was carried out.

AT last years own life Michael Aleksandrovich was engaged practical application ultrashort waves.