Fig. 151 tasks for graphic work 8. Practical and graphic work on drawing
2.1. The concept of ESKD standards. If every engineer or draftsman performed and designed the drawings in his own way, without observing uniform rules, then such drawings would not be understandable to others. To avoid this, the state standards of the Unified System for Design Documentation (ESKD) have been adopted and are in force in the USSR.
ESKD standards are regulatory documents that establish uniform rules for the implementation and execution of design documents in all industries. Design documents include drawings of parts, assembly drawings, diagrams, some text documents, etc.
Standards are set not only for design documents, but also for certain types of products manufactured by our enterprises. State standards (GOST) are mandatory for all enterprises and individuals.
Each standard is assigned its own number with the simultaneous indication of the year of its registration.
The standards are revised from time to time. Changes in standards are associated with the development of industry and the improvement of engineering graphics.
For the first time in our country, standards for drawings were introduced in 1928 under the name "Drawings for all types of mechanical engineering." Later they were replaced by new ones.
2.2. Formats. The main text of the drawing. Drawings and other design documents for industry and construction are performed on sheets of certain sizes.
For the economical use of paper, the convenience of storing drawings and using them, the standard establishes certain sheet formats that are outlined with a thin line. At school, you will use a format whose sides are 297X210 mm. It is designated A4.
Each drawing must have a frame that limits its field (Fig. 18). The frame lines are solid thick main lines. They are carried out from above, to the right and from below at a distance of 5 mm from the outer frame, performed by a solid thin line along which the sheets are cut. On the left side - at a distance of 20 mm from it. This strip is left for filing drawings.
Rice. 18. Making an A4 sheet
In the drawings, the main inscription is placed in the lower right corner (see Fig. 18). Its form, dimensions and content are established by the standard. On educational school drawings, you will perform the main inscription in the form of a rectangle with sides of 22X145 mm (Fig. 19, a). A sample of the completed title block is shown in Figure 19, b.
Rice. 19. The main inscription of the training drawing
Production drawings, performed on A4 sheets, are placed only vertically, and the main inscription on them is only along the short side. In drawings of other formats, the title block can be placed along both the long and short sides.
As an exception, on A4 training drawings, the main inscription is allowed to be placed both along the long and along the short side of the sheet.
Before starting the drawing, the sheet is applied to the drawing board. To do this, attach it with one button, for example, in the upper left corner. Then a T-square is placed on the board and the upper edge of the sheet is placed parallel to its edge, as shown in Figure 20. Pressing a sheet of paper to the board, attach it with buttons, first in the lower right corner, and then in the other corners.
Rice. 20. Preparing the sheet for work
The frame and columns of the main inscription are made with a solid thick line.
- What are the dimensions of an A4 sheet? At what distance from the outer frame should the drawing frame lines be drawn? Where is the title block placed on the drawing? Name its dimensions. Consider Figure 19 and list what information is indicated in it.
2.3. Lines. When making drawings, lines of various thicknesses and styles are used. Each of them has its own purpose.
Rice. 21. Drawing lines
Figure 21 shows an image of a part called a roller. As you can see, the detail drawing contains different lines. In order for the image to be clear to everyone, the state standard establishes the style of lines and indicates their main purpose for all drawings of industry and construction. In the lessons of technical and service labor, you have already used various lines. Let's remember them.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the thickness of lines of the same type should be the same for all images in a given drawing.
Information about the lines of the drawing is given on the first flyleaf.
- What is the purpose of a solid thick main line?
- What is a dashed line? Where is it used? What is the thickness of this line?
- Where is a dash-dot thin line used in a drawing? What is its thickness?
- In what cases is a solid thin line used in a drawing? How thick should it be?
- Which line shows the fold line on the scan?
In Figure 23 you see a picture of the part. Various lines are marked on it with the numbers 1,2, etc. Make a table in your workbook according to this sample and fill it out.
Rice. 23. Task for exercises
Graphic Work No. 1
Prepare an A4 sheet of drawing paper. Draw the frame and columns of the title block according to the dimensions indicated in Figure 19. Draw different lines, as shown in Figure 24. You can also choose a different arrangement of line groups on the sheet.
Rice. 24. Task for graphic work No. 1
The main inscription can be placed both along the short and along the long side of the sheet.
2.4. Drawing fonts. Sizes of letters and numbers of the drawing font. All inscriptions on the drawings must be made in drawing font (Fig. 25). The style of letters and numbers of the drawing font is established by the standard. The standard defines the height and width of letters and numbers, the thickness of stroke lines, the spacing between letters, words, and lines.
Rice. 25. Inscriptions on drawings
An example of building one of the letters in the auxiliary grid is shown in Figure 26.
Rice. 26. An example of building a letter
The font can be both slanted (about 75°) and non-slanted.
The standard specifies the following font sizes: 1.8 (not recommended, but allowed); 2.5; 3.5; 5; 7; ten; fourteen; 20; 28; 40. The size (h) of the font is taken as the value determined by the height of uppercase (capital) letters in millimeters. The height of the letter is measured perpendicular to the base of the line. The lower elements of the letters D, C, U and the upper element of the letter Y are performed due to the spaces between the lines.
The thickness (d) of the font line is determined depending on the height of the font. It is equal to 0.1h;. The width (g) of the letter is chosen to be 0.6h or 6d. The width of the letters A, D, Zh, M, F, X, C, SH, W, b, Y, Yu is 1 or 2d more than this value (including the lower and upper elements), and the width of the letters Г, 3, С is less than d.
The height of the lowercase letters roughly matches the height of the next smaller font size. Thus, the height of lowercase letters of size 10 is 7, of size 7 is 5, and so on. The width of most lowercase letters is 5d. The width of the letters a, m, c, b is 6d, the width of the letters w, t, f, w, u, s, u is 7d, and the letters h, c are 4d.
The distance between letters and numbers in words is taken equal to 0.2h or 2d, between words and numbers -0.6h or 6d. The distance between the lower lines of the lines is taken equal to 1.7h or 17d.
The standard also establishes another type of font - type A, narrower than just considered.
The height of letters and numbers in pencil drawings must be at least 3.5 mm.
The outline of the Latin alphabet according to GOST is shown in Figure 27.
Rice. 27. Latin script
How to write in cursive font. It is necessary to draw up drawings with inscriptions carefully. Indistinctly made inscriptions or carelessly applied figures of different numbers can be misunderstood when reading the drawing.
To learn how to write beautifully in a drawing font, first a grid is drawn for each letter (Fig. 28). After mastering the skills of writing letters and numbers, you can only draw the top and bottom lines of the line.
Rice. 28. Examples of inscriptions in drawing font
The contours of the letters are outlined with thin lines. After making sure that the letters are written correctly, circle them with a soft pencil.
For the letters G, D, I, I, L, M, P, T, X, C, W, W, only two auxiliary lines can be drawn at a distance equal to their height A.
For letters B, C, E, N. R, U, H, b, Y, b. Between two horizontal lines, one more should be added in the middle, but with which their middle elements perform. And for the letters 3, O, F, Yu, four lines are drawn, where the middle lines indicate the boundaries of the fillets.
To quickly make inscriptions in a drawing font, various stencils are sometimes used. You will fill in the main inscription in font 3.5, the name of the drawing in font 7 or 5.
- What is the font size?
- What is the width of the capital letters?
- What is the height of lowercase letters of size 14? What is their width?
- Complete a few inscriptions in the workbook for the teacher's assignment. You can, for example, write your last name, first name, home address.
- Fill in the main inscription on the sheet of graphic work No. 1 with the following text: drew (last name), checked (name of the teacher), school, class, drawing No. 1, the name of the work "Lines".
2.5. How to measure. To determine the size of the depicted product or any part of it, dimensions are applied to the drawing. Dimensions are divided into linear and angular. Linear dimensions characterize the length, width, thickness, height, diameter or radius of the measured part of the product. The angular dimension characterizes the magnitude of the angle.
The linear dimensions in the drawings are indicated in millimeters, but the designation of the unit of measure is not applied. Angular dimensions are indicated in degrees, minutes and seconds with the designation of the unit of measurement.
The total number of dimensions in the drawing should be the smallest, but sufficient for the manufacture and control of the product.
The rules for sizing are set by the standard. Some of them you already know. Let's remind them.
1. Dimensions in the drawings are indicated by dimensional numbers and dimension lines. To do this, first draw extension lines perpendicular to the segment, the size of which is indicated (Fig. 29, a). Then, at a distance of at least 10 mm from the contour of the part, a dimension line parallel to it is drawn. The dimension line is limited on both sides by arrows. What should be the arrow is shown in Figure 29, b. The extension lines extend beyond the ends of the arrows of the dimension line by 1...5 mm. Extension and dimension lines are drawn with a solid thin line. Above the dimension line, closer to its middle, a dimension number is applied.
Rice. 29. Drawing linear dimensions
2. If there are several dimension lines parallel to each other in the drawing, then a smaller size is applied closer to the image. So, in Figure 29, first the size 5 is applied, and then 26, so that the extension and dimension lines in the drawing do not intersect. The distance between parallel dimension lines must be at least 7 mm.
3. To indicate the diameter, a special sign is applied in front of the dimension number - a circle crossed out with a line (Fig. 30). If the dimension number does not fit inside the circle, it is taken out of the circle, as shown in Figure 30, c and d. The same is done when applying the size of a straight segment (see Fig. 29, c).
Rice. 30. Applying the size of circles
4. To designate the radius, a capital Latin letter R is written in front of the dimension number (Fig. 31, a). The dimension line for indicating the radius is drawn, as a rule, from the center of the arc and ends with an arrow on one side, resting on the point of the circular arc.
Rice. 31. Dimensioning Arcs and Angle
5. When specifying the size of the corner, the dimension line is drawn in the form of an arc of a circle with the center at the apex of the corner (Fig. 31, b).
6. Before the dimension number indicating the side of the square element, a "square" sign is applied (Fig. 32). In this case, the height of the sign is equal to the height of the digits.
Rice. 32. Drawing the size of the square
7. If the dimension line is located vertically or obliquely, then the dimension numbers are arranged as shown in Figures 29, c; thirty; 31.
8. If the part has several identical elements, then it is recommended to put the size of only one of them on the drawing, indicating the quantity. For example, the entry in the drawing “3 holes. 0 10" means that the part has three identical holes with a diameter of 10 mm.
9. When depicting flat parts in one projection, the thickness of the part is indicated, as shown in Figure 29, c. Please note that in front of the dimension number indicating the thickness of the part, there is a small Latin letter 5.
10. It is allowed to indicate the length of the part in a similar way (Fig. 33), but in this case they write a Latin letter before the size number l.
Rice. 33. Drawing the size of the length of the part
- In what units are linear dimensions expressed on engineering drawings?
- How thick should extension and dimension lines be?
- What distance is left between the image outline and the dimension lines? between dimension lines?
- How are dimensional numbers applied on inclined dimension lines?
- What signs and letters are applied before the size number when indicating the size of diameters and radii?
Rice. 34. Task for exercises
- Redraw in a workbook, maintaining proportions, the image of the part given in Figure 34, increasing it by 2 times. Apply the required dimensions, indicate the thickness of the part (it is 4 mm).
- Draw circles in the workbook with diameters of 40, 30, 20 and 10 mm. Enter their dimensions. Draw circular arcs with radii of 40, 30, 20 and 10 mm and dimension.
2.6. Scales. In practice, it is necessary to make images of very large parts, for example, parts of an aircraft, a ship, a car, and very small ones - parts of a clock mechanism, some instruments, etc. Images of large parts may not fit on sheets of a standard format. Small details that are barely visible to the naked eye cannot be drawn in full size with the available drawing tools. Therefore, when drawing large parts, their image is reduced, and small ones are increased compared to the actual dimensions.
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimensions of the image of an object to the actual. The scale of the images and their designation in the drawings sets the standard.
Reduction scale-1:2; 1:2.5; 1:4; 1:5; 1:10 etc.
Natural size-1:1.
Magnification scale-2:1; 2.5:1; 4:1; 5:1; 10:1 etc.
The most desirable scale is 1:1. In this case, you do not need to recalculate the dimensions when rendering the image.
Scales are written as follows: M1:1; M1:2; M5:1, etc. If the scale is indicated on the drawing in the main inscription specially designed for this, then the letter M is not written before the scale designation.
It should be remembered that, no matter what scale the image is made, the dimensions in the drawing are applied to the actual ones, that is, those that the part should have in kind (Fig. 35).
The angular dimensions do not change when the image is reduced or enlarged.
- What is the scale for?
- What is called scale?
- What scales of increase are known to you, established by the standard? What scale of reduction do you know?
- What do the entries mean: М1:5; M1:1; M10:1?
Rice. 35. Drawing gasket, made in different scales
Graphic Work No. 2
Drawing "flat part"
Make drawings of the “Gasket” parts according to the existing halves of the images separated by the axis of symmetry (Fig. 36). Apply dimensions, indicate the thickness of the part (5 mm).
Do the work on an A4 sheet. Image scale 2:1.
Instructions for work. Figure 36 shows only half of the part image. You need to imagine how the part will look like in full, keeping in mind the symmetry, sketch its image on a separate sheet. Then you should proceed to the execution of the drawing.
A frame is drawn on an A4 sheet and space is allocated for the main inscription (22X145 mm). The center of the working field of the drawing is determined and the image is built from it.
First, axes of symmetry are drawn, a rectangle is built with thin lines, corresponding to the general shape of the part. After that, images of rectangular elements of the part are marked.
Rice. 36. Tasks for graphic work No. 2
Having determined the position of the centers of the circle and the semicircle, they are carried out. Apply the dimensions of the elements and overall, i.e., the largest in length and height, the dimensions of the part, indicate its thickness.
Outline the drawing with lines established by the standard: first - circles, then - horizontal and vertical lines. Fill in the main inscription and check the drawing.
WorkbookPractical and graphic work on drawing
The notebook was developed by a teacher of the highest category of drawing and fine arts Nesterova Anna Aleksandrovna, teacher of MBOU "Secondary School No. 1 of Lensk"
Introduction to the subject of drawing
The history of the emergence of graphic methods of images and drawing
Drawings in Russia were made by "drawers", the mention of which can be found in the "Pushkar order" of Ivan IV.
Other images - drawings, were a view of the structure "from a bird's eye view"
At the end of the 12th century in Russia, large-scale images are introduced and dimensions are affixed. In the 18th century, Russian draftsmen and Tsar Peter I himself made drawings using the method of rectangular projections (the founder of the method is the French mathematician and engineer Gaspard Monge). By order of Peter I, the teaching of drawing was introduced in all technical educational institutions.
The entire history of the development of the drawing is inextricably linked with technical progress. At present, the drawing has become the main document of business communication in science, technology, production, design, and construction.
It is impossible to create and check a machine drawing without knowing the basics of the graphic language. Whom you will meet while studying the subject"Drawing"
Varieties of graphic images
Exercise: sign the names of the images.
Materials, accessories, drawing tools.
From the history
An iron compass was found in France in a Gallic burial mound of the 1st century AD. In the ashes that covered Pompeii nineteen centuries ago, archaeologists also found many bronze compasses.
In ancient Russia, a circular ornament made of small regular circles was common. A steel circular chisel was found during excavations in Veliky Novgorod.
Pencil got its name from the fusion of two Turkic words:Kara – black and tash - a rock. In the 16th century, the British discovered deposits of graphite. Fragile rods were placed in an elegant frame made of reed or mahogany, and only at the end of the 18th century, the Czech J. Garmut suggested making writing rods from a mixture of crushed graphite and clay. The writing rods were called "kohinoor" - "having no equal."
Protractor - a tool for measuring and drawing angles, made of tin or plastic.
pattern - a thin plate with curved edges, used to draw curved (curved) lines that cannot be drawn with a compass.
Word eraser , it turns out, came from the abbreviated word "gummielastic", which translates asrubber.
Ready - a set of drawing tools and accessories, packed in a case.
Fixing the material:
On the instructions of the teacher, students in the workbook, using drawing tools, draw vertical, horizontal and oblique lines, as well as circles.
The concept of GOSTs. Formats. Frame. Drawing lines.
Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, fA4D/W:
Tools, notebook, textbook, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, issue fA4 (without font)
Learn:
Ideas about GOSTs, ESKD, formats, title block
Be able to:
Determine the thickness, style, line type when making graphic images, arrange the format.
Exercise 1
Graphic work No. 1
"Formats. Frame. Drawing lines»
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova p. 20, accessories, fA4D/W:
Tools, notebook, textbook, ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, graph paper.
Learn:
Rules for the design of the drawing, the phased work on the drawing.
Be able to:
Accurately and rationally work with drawing tools. Observe the rules for the design of the drawing, the outline of the lines.
Work examples
Test tasks for graphic work No. 1
Option number 1.
What designation according to GOST has a format of 210x297:
a) A1; b) A2; c) A4?
2. What is the thickness of the dash-dotted line if the solid main thick line in the drawing is 0.8 mm:
a) 1mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.3 mm?
______________________________________________________________
Option number 2.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
Where is the title block located on the drawing?
a) in the lower left corner; b) in the lower right corner; c) in the upper right corner?
2. How much should the axial and center lines protrude beyond the image contour:
a) 3…5 mm; b) 5…10 mm4 c) 10…15 mm?
Option number 3.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What arrangement of the A4 format is allowed by GOST:
A) vertical b) horizontal; c) vertical and horizontal?
2. . What is the thickness of a solid thin line if the solid main thick line in the drawing is 1 mm:
a) 0.3 mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.5 mm?
Option number 4.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
At what distance from the edges of the sheet is the frame of the drawing:
a) left, top, right and bottom - 5 mm each; b) left, top and bottom - 10 mm each, right - 25 mm; c) left - 20 mm, top, right and bottom - 5 mm each?
2. What type of line are axial and center lines in the drawings:
a) a solid thin line; b) dash-dotted line; c) dashed line?
Option number 5.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What dimensions according to GOST has the A4 format:
a) 297x210 mm; b) 297x420 mm; c) 594x841 mm?
2. Depending on which line the line thicknesses of the drawing are selected:
a) dash-dotted line; b) a solid thin line; c) a solid main thick line?
Fonts (GOST 2304-81)
Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, graph paper.D/W:
Notebook, textbook §2.4 pp. 23-24, graph paper.
Learn:
Drawing font, the main inscription of the drawing.
Be able to:
Use font when drawing
Font types:
Font sizes:
Practical tasks:
Calculations of parameters of drawing fonts
Relatesthe size
Size in mm
3.5
Height
capital letters
3.5
Height
lowercase letters
0.7 h
2.5
3.5
Letter spacing
0.2 h
0.7
0.1
1.4
2.0
2.8
Minimum distance between line bases
1.7 h
6.0
8.5
12.0
17.0
24.0
Minimum spacing between words
0.6 h
2.1
3.0
4.2
6.0
8.4
Letter thickness
0.1 h
0.35
0.5
0.7
0.1
1.4
Test tasks
Option number 1.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What value is taken for the font size:
a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) the height of the gaps between the lines?
Option number 2.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What is the height of the capital letter of rift #5:
a) 10 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 5 mm; d) 3.5 mm?
Option number 3.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What is the height of lowercase letters with protruding elementsc, e, b, r, f:
a) the height of the capital letter; b) the height of the lowercase letter; c) greater than the height of a capital letter?
Option number 4.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
Is there a difference between uppercase and lowercase letters?A, E, T, G, I:
a) are different b) do not differ; c) differ in the spelling of individual elements?
Option number 5.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What does the height of the figures of the drawing font correspond to:
a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) half the height of a capital letter?
Applying dimensions. Scales
Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories.D/W:
Notebook, textbook §2.5-2.6, fA4 (vertically)
Learn:
Sizing Rules
Linear
corner
Numbers on drawings
R signs, diameter, square
Be able to:
Apply sizing rules. Read dimensions on drawings. Use the scale correctly
The sizes are:
Signs that are used when applying dimensions:
L-
R-
Ǿ -
Exercise:
Apply dimensions
Scale –
Test tasks
Option number 1.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. What length of the object should be indicated on the drawing, if it is 1250 mm, and the image scale is 1:10:
a) 125; b) 1250; c) 12.5?
2. What letter should be applied before the dimension number when specifying the thickness of the part:
a) R; b)L; in)S?
Option number 2.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
The scale of the drawing is set to 2:1. How will the linear dimensions of the image correlate with the linear dimensions of the projected object:
a) the image is larger than the actual size of the object; b) the image corresponds to the actual size of the object; c) is the image smaller than the actual size of the object?
Option number 3.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What is the preferred scale for drawing a part:
a) increase; b) decrease; c) natural?
2. What does the sign R applied before the dimension number mean:
a) circumference; b) the diameter of the circle; c) the radius of the circle?
Option number 4.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
Which of the options corresponds to the scale of reduction:
a) M 1:2; b) M 1:1; c) M 2:1?
2. What is the minimum distance between the image outline and the dimension line:
a) 5 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 10 mm?
Strengthening exercise
(work with colored pencil)
Graphic Work No. 2
"Drawing of a flat part"
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, fA4 (vertically)D/W:
Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories (compass)
Learn:
Rules for applying dimensions, drawing design (fonts, lines).
Be able to:
Perform a drawing, apply the rules for applying dimensions, use drawing tools.
Cards - tasks
1 option
2 option
3 option
4 option
Pairings. Geometric constructions
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories (compass).D/W:
Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories (compass), fA4, §15.2-15.3 fig.137
Learn:
Rules for constructing parallel and perpendicular lines, conjugation of angles, two parallel lines, a line and a circle, and dividing a circle into equal parts, constructing regular polygons.
Be able to:
Perform geometric constructions using drawing tools. Read drawing.
Pairing -
Consolidation of the studied material:
Draw a door key
Conjugation of obtuse, acute and right angles
Geometric constructions
Division of a circle into 5 and 10 parts
Dividing a circle into 4 and 8 parts
Division of a circle into 3, 6 and 12 parts
Dividing a segment into 9 parts
Projection. projection method. Projection onto one projection plane
D/W:
Accessories, 2 matchboxes, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov read pp. 31-34.
Learn:
Projection basics. Concepts: center, perpendicular, parallel
Be able to:
Analyze the shape of an object, display on a plane.
Obtaining images on 2 projection planes.
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories, notebook.D/W:
Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §4 pp. 37-38.
Learn:
Rules for the representation of a figure on a mutually perpendicular plane. Fundamentals of the rectangular projection method.
Be able to:
Be able to build projections on 2 projection planes.
An exercise:
Make models from matchboxes, as shown in fig. 56 a. Compare your drawings of models with their visual representations. Make yourself one more - two models from two or three boxes and complete their drawings.
Practical task:
Using a visual image, build a horizontal projection. Apply dimensions.
Repetition task:
Acquisition of images on 3 planes of projection
D/W:
Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §4 -5 pp. 37-38 fig. 51.
Learn:
The order of projection on 3 planes. The number of views used in technical drawings. Principles for choosing the main type.
Be able to:
Draw a simple shape. Select the number of types. Read a drawing of a simple shape.
Oral work:
Frontally on the chalkboard build the third view of the detail
Fixing the material
Practical work:
According to the types, build a third. Scale 1:1
Option number 1
Option number 2
Option number 3
Option number 4
View location. local views. Tasks for drawing up drawings from disparate images
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories, notebook, tracing paper.D/W:
Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §5 fig. 55-56, scissors, glue, wire, matchboxes, colored paper.
Learn:
The order of projection on the plane. The number of views used in technical drawings. Principles for choosing the main type.
Be able to:
Make a drawing of a simple form, choosing the required number of views in accordance with GOSTs. Read a drawing of a simple shape.
View –
What is called local view?
Fixing the material
Write your answers in your workbook:
Option number 1
Option number 2
Practical work No. 3
"Modeling by drawing".
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, wire or cardboard, matchboxes, glue, etc.D/W:
Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova
Learn:
Modeling methods according to the drawing.
Be able to:
Instructions for work
To make a model out of cardboard, first cut it out. Determine the dimensions of the workpiece according to the image of the part (Fig. 58). Mark (outline) cutouts. Cut them along the outlined outline. Remove the cut out parts and bend the model according to the drawing. To prevent the cardboard from straightening after bending, draw a line on the outside of the bend with some sharp object.
Wire for modeling must be used soft, of arbitrary length (10 - 20 mm).
The order of construction of images in the drawings
tools, textbook, notebook, tracing paperD/W:
§13, f A4, colored pencils, accessories.
Learn:
Be able to:
Build cuts and sections, perform a technical drawing of elements.
Fixing the material
Exercise:
Option #1 Option #2
Fixing the material
Exercise:
In the workbook, draw a part drawing in 3 views. Apply dimensions.
Option #3 Option #4
Analysis of the geometric shape of objects. bodies of revolution. Group of geometric bodies
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories, notebook.D/W:
Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §10, 11, 16, colored pencils.
Learn:
Rules for the execution of drawings of geometric bodies.
Sequence of reading a group of geometric bodies.
Be able to:
Fixing the material
Card work
Fixing the material
Use colored pencils to complete the task on the card.
Analysis of the geometric shape -
Part drawing for two given views
instruments,D/W:
f A4, tools
Learn:
Be able to:
Analyze drawings, give an accurate verbal description of the object depicted in the drawing.
Obtaining axonometric projections of plane figures
Homework:
Repeat paragraph 7-7.2; finish building table 1.
Equipment for students:
textbook "Drafting" ed. Botvinnikova A.D., workbook, drawing supplies.
Square in dimetric projection
Exercise:
Construct a square in isometric view
Dimetric Triangle Isometric Triangle
Hexagon in dimetry and isometry
Exercise:
Construct a hexagon in isometric view
Exercise:
Axonometric projections bulk bodies
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, notebook, tools.D/W:
Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov page 49 table No. 2, § 7-8.
Learn:
Rules for constructing axonometric projections. Methods for constructing a three-dimensional detail in isometry.
Be able to:
Build images in axonometry, starting with flat figures that lie at the base of the part. Learn to analyze the received images.
Repetition task:
Construct a geometric figure on a horizontal projection plane.
Amount (build-up)
clipping
Reinforcement task
Axonometric projection of a part with cylindrical elements
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories, notebook.D/W:
Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova § 7-8.
Learn:
Rules for constructing a part with a curved surface. The general concept of "axonometry details".
Be able to:
Analyze the shape of the part, the resulting image.
Ellipse -
Oval -
Algorithm for constructing an oval
1. Let's build an isometric projection of a square - a rhombus ABCD
2. Denote the points of intersection of the circle with the square 1 2 3 4
3. From the top of the rhombus ( D ) draw a straight line to the point 4 (3). We get a segment D 4, which will be equal to the radius of the arc R .
4. Let's draw an arc that will connect the points 3 and 4 .
5. When crossing a segment IN 2 and AC get a point O1.
When crossing the line D 4 and AC get a point O2.
6. From the received centers O1 and O2 draw arcs R 1 , which will connect points 2 and 3, 4 and 1.
Fixing new material
! work in workbook
Exercise:
Perform isometric projections of the circle parallel to the frontal and profile planes of the projection.
Drawing and visual representation of the part
Form A4, tools, textbookD/W:
§12, tracing paper
Learn:
ZUN
Be able to:
Analyze the shape of the part, build 3 views of the part and apply dimensions.
technical drawing
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §9, accessories, notebook.D/W:
Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova § 9
Learn:
Rules for the execution of a technical drawing and techniques for performing a part.
Be able to:
Perform axonometric projections depicting flat figures. Perform technical drawing.
technical drawing –
Hatching methods:
Fixing the material
Perform a technical drawing of the part, two views of which are given in fig. 62
Projections of vertices, edges and faces of an object
Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook, colored pencils.D/W:
Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §12, fA4, colored pencils.
Learn:
Methods for selecting a point on a plane. Principles of construction of edges and faces.
Be able to:
Build point and face projections.
? Problem
What is a rib?
What is the top of an object?
What is the edge of an object?
Point projection
Practical work:
Arrange the letter designations of the projections
points on the detail drawing, marked on the visual image.
AT)
Graphic work No. 9
Detail sketch and technical drawing
D/W:
Instruments, graph paper, fA4, § 18
Learn:
What is a sketch. Sketch Rules
Be able to:
Make a sketch in the required number of views. Make a drawing according to the sketch.
What is calledsketch ?
Fixing the material
Tasks for exercises
Applying dimensions based on the shape of an object
tools, textbook, notebook, tracing paper.D/W:
Rice. 113 (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9)
Learn:
The general rule for drawing dimensions on a drawing.
Be able to:
Repetition and consolidation of the material covered.
oral exercise
Practical work:
Cutouts and cuts on geometric bodies
Detail elements
SLOT - a groove in the form of a slot or groove on machine parts. For example, a slot in the head of a screw or screw, into which the end of a screwdriver is inserted when they are screwed.
GROOVE - an oblong recess or hole on the surface of a part, bounded laterally by parallel planes.
LYSKA - a flat cut on one or both sides of the cylindrical, conical or spherical sections of the part. Flats are designed to be gripped with a wrench, etc.
PROTOCHING - this is an annular groove on the rod, technologically necessary for the exit of a threaded tool in the manufacture of a part or for other purposes.
KEYWAY - a slot in the form of a groove, which serves to install the key, which transmits rotation from the shaft to the sleeve and vice versa.
CENTER HOLE - an element of a part that serves to reduce its mass, supply lubricant to rubbing surfaces, connect parts, etc. Holes can be through and deaf.
CHAMFER - turning on a truncated cone of the cylindrical edge of the part.
Exercise: Instead of numbers, write the names of the elements of the part
Exercise: Perform an axonometric projection of the part
Practical work No. 7
"Reading drawings"
Textbook, notebook, sheet.D/W:
Graph paper, §17
Learn:
Learn how to build 3 types, analyze the geometric shape of the object, know the names of the elements of the part.
Be able to:
Analyze the drawing, determine the dimensions, give an accurate verbal description
Graphic dictation
"Drawing and technical drawing of the part according to the verbal description"
Format (notebook), toolsD/W:
Tools, graph paper.
Learn:
Sketching Rules
Be able to:
Determine the necessary and sufficient number of views for a given part. Select main view. Dimension.
Option number 1
Frame is a combination of two parallelepipeds, of which the smaller one is placed with a large base in the center of the upper base of the other parallelepiped. A through stepped hole passes vertically through the centers of the parallelepipeds.
The total height of the part is 30 mm.
The height of the lower parallelepiped is 10 mm, the length is 70 mm, and the width is 50 mm.
The second parallelepiped is 50 mm long and 40 mm wide.
The diameter of the bottom step of the hole is 35 mm, the height is 10 mm; the diameter of the second stage is 20 mm.
Note:
Option number 2
Support is a rectangular parallelepiped, to the left (smallest) side of which is attached a half-cylinder, which has a common lower base with the parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. At the base of the part there is a through hole of a prismatic shape. Its axis coincides in the top view with the axis of the groove.
The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, the length is 65 mm, and the width is 40 mm.
Semi-cylinder height 15 mm, baseR 20 mm.
The width of the prismatic groove is 20 mm, the depth is 15 mm.
Hole width 10 mm, length 60 mm. There is a hole at a distance of 15 mm from the right side of the support.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 3
Frame is a combination of a square prism and a truncated cone, which stands with a large base in the center of the upper base of the prism. A through stepped hole passes along the axis of the cone.
The total height of the part is 65 mm.
The height of the prism is 15 mm, the size of the sides of the base is 70x70 mm.
Cone height 50 mm, bottom base Ǿ 50 mm, top base Ǿ 30 mm.
The diameter of the lower part of the hole is 25 mm, the height is 40 mm.
The diameter of the upper part of the hole is 15 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 4
Sleeve is a combination of two cylinders with a stepped through hole that runs along the axis of the part.
The total height of the part is 60 mm.
Height of lower cylinder 15 mm, base Ǿ 70 mm.
Second cylinder base Ǿ 45 mm.
Bottom hole Ǿ 50 mm, height 8 mm.
Upper part of hole Ǿ 30 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 5
Base is a parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. There are two through cylindrical holes in the groove. The centers of the holes are spaced from the ends of the part at a distance of 25 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, the length is 100 mm, and the width is 50 mm.
Groove depth 15 mm, width 30 mm.
Hole diameters 20 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 6
Frame It is a cube, along the vertical axis of which there is a through hole: semi-conical at the top, and then turning into a stepped cylindrical one.
Cube edge 60 mm.
Semi-conical hole depth 35 mm, top base Ǿ 40 mm, bottom base Ǿ 20 mm.
The height of the bottom step of the hole is 20 mm, the base is Ǿ 50 mm. The diameter of the middle part of the hole is 20 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 7
Support is a combination of a parallelepiped and a truncated cone. The large base of the cone is placed in the center of the upper base of the parallelepiped. Two prismatic cutouts run along the center of the smaller side faces of the parallelepiped. A cylindrical through hole Ǿ 15 mm was drilled along the axis of the cone.
The total height of the part is 60 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 15 mm, the length is 90 mm, and the width is 55 mm.
The cone base diameters are 40 mm (lower) and 30 mm (upper).
The length of the prismatic cutout is 20 mm, the width is 10 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 8
Frame is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped. In the center of the upper and lower base of the case there are two conical lugs. A cylindrical through hole Ǿ 10 mm passes through the centers of the tides.
The total height of the part is 59 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 45 mm, the length is 90 mm, and the width is 40 mm. The thickness of the walls of the parallelepiped is 10 mm.
Cone height 7 mm, base Ǿ 30 mm and Ǿ 20 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 9
Support is a combination of two cylinders with one common axle. A through hole runs along the axis: on top of a prismatic shape with a square base, and then a cylindrical shape.
The total height of the part is 50 mm.
Height of lower cylinder 10 mm, base Ǿ 70 mm. The base diameter of the second cylinder is 30 mm.
The height of the cylindrical hole is 25 mm, the base is Ǿ 24 mm.
The base side of the prism hole is 10 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Test
Graphic work No. 11
"Drawing and visual representation of the part"
A3 format, toolsD/W:
Tools, notebook, textbook.
Exercise:
According to the axonometric projection, build a drawing of the part in the required number of views on a scale of 1: 1. Apply dimensions.
Graphic work No. 10
"Part sketch with construction elements"
tools, textbook, graph paperD/W:
Tools, graph paper.
Learn:
Sketch Rules
Be able to:
Make a sketch, correctly sizing
Exercise:
Make a drawing of the part that has the parts removed according to the markup. The direction of projection for building the main view is indicated by an arrow.
Graphic work No. 8
"Detail drawing c transformation of its form"
instruments, fA4, textbook
D/W:
Tools, graph paper.
Learn:
Be able to:
Execute drawing
General concept on shape transformation. Linking a drawing to a markup
Textbook, notebook, graph paper, accessoriesD/W:
Tutorial fig. 151 (get acquainted), fA4
Learn:
Be able to:
Analyze the form. Draw in orthogonal rectangular projection.
Graphic work
Making a drawing of an object in three views with the transformation of its shape (by removing part of the object)
Exercise:
Draw a technical drawing of the part by making notches of the same shape and size in the same place instead of the protrusions marked with arrows.
Task for logical thinking
Subject "Design drawings"
Subject "Drawing Tools and Accessories"
Crossword "Projection"
1. The point from which the projecting rays emanate during central projection.
2. What is obtained as a result of modeling.
3. Face of a cube.
4. Image resulting from projection.
5. In this axonometric projection, the axes are located at an angle of 120 ° to each other.
6. In Greek, this word means "double dimension."
7. Side view of the face, object.
8. Curve, isometric projection of a circle.
9. The image on the profile plane of projections is a view ...
Rebus on the topic "View"
Rebus
Subject "Sweeps of geometric bodies"
Crossword "Axonometry"
Vertically:
Translated from French, "front view".
The concept in drawing on what the projection of a point or object is obtained.
Boundary between halves of a symmetrical part in a drawing.
geometric body.
Drawing tool.
Translated from Latin, "throw, throw forward."
geometric body.
The science of graphic images.
Unit of measurement.
Translated from the Greek language "double dimension".
Translated from French "side view".
In the drawing, “she” is thick, thin, wavy, etc.
Technical Dictionary of Drawing
AxonometryAlgorithm
Analysis of the geometric shape of an object
Boss
Burtik
Shaft
Vertex
View
Main view
Viewadditional
view local
Screw
Sleeve
Dimension
screw
Fillet
geometric body
Horizontal
cooking
edge
Division of a circle
Division of the segment
Diameter
ESKD
Drawing tools
Tracing paper
Pencil
Drawing layout
Construction
Circuit
Cone
curved curves
Circular curves
pattern
Rulers
Line - callout
Extended line
transition line
Dimensional line
Solid line
Dashed line
dash-dotted line
Lyska
Scale
Monge method
Polyhedron
Polygon
Modeling
Main inscription
Dimensioning
Drawing stroke
cliff
Oval
Ovoid
Circle
Circlein axonometric projection
Ornament
axonometric axes
Axis of rotation
Projection axis
Axis of symmetry
Hole
Groove
Keyway
Parallelepiped
Pyramid
Projection plane
Prism
Axonometric projections
Projection
Projection isometric rectangular
Projection frontal dimetric oblique
projection
groove
Scan
The size
Overall dimensions
Structural dimensions
Dimensions coordinating
Dimensionsdetail element
Gap
Drawing frame
Edge
Picturetechnical
Symmetry
Pairing
Standard
Standardization
Arrows
Scheme
Thor
Pairing point
Protractor
squares
Simplifications and Conventions
Chamfer
Drawing formats
Frontal
projection center
Pairing Center
Cylinder
Compass
Drawing
Working drawing
Drawing
Dimensional number
Reading a drawing
Washer
Ball
Slot
Schaffing
Font
Hatching
Axonometric hatching
Ellipse
Sketch
Graphic work№1
Drawing fonts
Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Drawing Fonts"
Efremovskaya secondary school
Educational area Technology
Subject Drawing
Graphic works
Fulfilled
Full name of the student
checked
Name of the teacher
2013-2014 academic year
Graphic work№2
Dividing a circle into equal parts
Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Dividing a circle into equal parts"
I-variant - into 3 parts
II-variant - for 5 parts
ІІІ-variant - for 6 parts
ІY-version - for 8 parts
Graphic work№ 5
Target
I-variant
Roller Steel 45
Graphic work№ 5
Drawing of parts with sections
II-variant
Target : check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Sections"
Pin Steel 50
Graphic work№ 5
Drawing of parts with sections
III-variant
Target: check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Sections"
Run a sketch of the part on a sheet of A4 paper according to a visual image. Identify the transverse shape of the part section. Label it if needed. Apply dimensions.
Roller Steel 45
Graphic work№ 5
Drawing of parts with sections
ІY-variant
Target : check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Sections"
Run a sketch of the part on a sheet of A4 paper according to a visual image. Identify the transverse shape of the part section. Label it if needed. Apply dimensions.
Axle Steel St.5
Graphic work№ 6
Detail drawing with cuts
Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Sections"
І-th option
Run a sketch of the detail on a sheet of A4 paper according to a visual image. Make a cut of the product
2nd option
Graphic work№ 7
Threaded connection drawing
Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Connections"
Content: Make a drawing of the connection of two parts using threaded products. Option 1
Graphic work№ 8
Content: Complete. (The composition of the assembly unit:1 - sponge;2 - spring;3 - screw.) Option 1
Drawing of a part from nature or according to an assembly drawing
Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Assembly drawing"
Complete
sketch of the part according to the assembly drawing. (The composition of the assembly unit:1 - rod;2 - frame;3 - lid.) Option 2
Graphic work№ 8
Drawing of a part from nature or according to an assembly drawing
Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Assembly drawing"
Complete
sketch of the part according to the assembly drawing. (The composition of the assembly unit:1 - flange;2 - a tube.) Option 3
Graphic work№ 9
Detail drawing from a sketch
Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Assignment and execution of sketches"
Content: Make a drawing of one part Option 1
| Option 3 |
|
|
Graphic work№ 10
Building plan and facade drawing
Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Elements of construction and topographic drawing"
Workbook
Introduction to the subject of drawing
The history of the emergence of graphic methods of images and drawing
Drawings in Russia were made by "drawers", a mention of which can be found in the "Pushkar order" of Ivan IV.
Other images - drawings, were a view of the structure "from a bird's eye view"
At the end of the 12th century in Russia, large-scale images are introduced and dimensions are affixed. In the 18th century, Russian draftsmen and Tsar Peter I himself made drawings using the method of rectangular projections (the founder of the method is the French mathematician and engineer Gaspard Monge). By order of Peter I, the teaching of drawing was introduced in all technical educational institutions.
The entire history of the development of the drawing is inextricably linked with technical progress. At present, the drawing has become the main document of business communication in science, technology, production, design, and construction.
It is impossible to create and check a machine drawing without knowing the basics of the graphic language. Whom you will meet while studying the subject "Drawing"
Varieties of graphic images
Exercise: sign the names of the images.
The concept of GOSTs. Formats. Frame. Drawing lines.
Exercise 1
Graphic work No. 1
"Formats. Frame. Drawing lines»
Work examples
Test tasks for graphic work No. 1
Option number 1.
1. What designation according to GOST has a format of 210x297:
a) A1; b) A2; c) A4?
2. What is the thickness of the dash-dotted line if the solid main thick line in the drawing is 0.8 mm:
a) 1mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.3 mm?
______________________________________________________________
Option number 2.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. Where is the main inscription located on the drawing:
a) in the lower left corner; b) in the lower right corner; c) in the upper right corner?
2. How much should the axial and center lines protrude beyond the image contour:
a) 3…5 mm; b) 5…10 mm4 c) 10…15 mm?
Option number 3.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. What arrangement of the A4 format is allowed by GOST:
A) vertical b) horizontal; c) vertical and horizontal?
2. . What is the thickness of a solid thin line if the solid main thick line in the drawing is 1 mm:
a) 0.3 mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.5 mm?
Option number 4.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. At what distance from the edges of the sheet is the drawing frame drawn:
a) left, top, right and bottom - 5 mm each; b) left, top and bottom - 10 mm each, right - 25 mm; c) left - 20 mm, top, right and bottom - 5 mm each?
2. What type of line are axial and center lines in the drawings:
a) a solid thin line; b) dash-dotted line; c) dashed line?
Option number 5.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. What are the dimensions according to GOST in the A4 format:
a) 297x210 mm; b) 297x420 mm; c) 594x841 mm?
2. Depending on which line the line thicknesses of the drawing are selected:
a) dash-dotted line; b) a solid thin line; c) a solid main thick line?
Fonts (GOST 2304-81)
Font types:
Font sizes:
Practical tasks:
Calculations of parameters of drawing fonts
Test tasks
Option number 1.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What value is taken for the font size:
a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) the height of the gaps between the lines?
Option number 2.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What is the height of the capital letter of rift #5:
a) 10 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 5 mm; d) 3.5 mm?
Option number 3.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What is the height of lowercase letters with protruding elements c, e, b, r, f:
a) the height of the capital letter; b) the height of the lowercase letter; c) greater than the height of a capital letter?
Option number 4.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
Is there a difference between uppercase and lowercase letters? A, E, T, G, I:
a) are different b) do not differ; c) differ in the spelling of individual elements?
Option number 5.
Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What does the height of the figures of the drawing font correspond to:
a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) half the height of a capital letter?
Graphic Work No. 2
"Drawing of a flat part"
Cards - tasks
1 option
Option 2
3 option
4 option
Geometric constructions
Division of a circle into 5 and 10 parts
Dividing a circle into 4 and 8 parts
Division of a circle into 3, 6 and 12 parts
Dividing a segment into 9 parts
Fixing the material
Practical work:
According to the types, build a third. Scale 1:1
Option number 1
Option number 2
Option number 3
Option number 4
Fixing the material
Write your answers in your workbook:
Option number 1
Option number 2
Practical work No. 3
"Modeling by drawing".
Instructions for work
To make a model out of cardboard, first cut it out. Determine the dimensions of the workpiece according to the image of the part (Fig. 58). Mark (outline) cutouts. Cut them along the outlined outline. Remove the cut out parts and bend the model according to the drawing. To prevent the cardboard from straightening after bending, draw a line on the outside of the bend with some sharp object.
Wire for modeling must be used soft, of arbitrary length (10 - 20 mm).
Fixing the material
Option #1 Option #2
Fixing the material
In the workbook, draw a part drawing in 3 views. Apply dimensions.
Option #3 Option #4
Fixing the material
Card work
Fixing the material
Use colored pencils to complete the task on the card.
Amount (build-up)
clipping
Reinforcement task
Oval -
Algorithm for constructing an oval
1. Let's build an isometric projection of a square - a rhombus ABCD
2. Denote the points of intersection of the circle with the square 1 2 3 4
3. Draw a straight line from the top of the rhombus (D) to point 4 (3). We get the segment D4, which will be equal to the radius of the arc R.
4. Let's draw an arc that will connect points 3 and 4.
5. At the intersection of the segment B2 and AC, we get the point O1.
At the intersection of the segment D4 and AC, we get the point O2.
6. From the obtained centers O1 and O2 we draw arcs R1, which will connect points 2 and 3, 4 and 1.
Fixing the material
Perform a technical drawing of the part, two views of which are given in fig. 62
Graphic work No. 9
Detail sketch and technical drawing
1. What is called sketch?
Fixing the material
Tasks for exercises
Practical work No. 7
"Reading drawings"
Graphic dictation
"Drawing and technical drawing of the part according to the verbal description"
Option number 1
Frame is a combination of two parallelepipeds, of which the smaller one is placed with a large base in the center of the upper base of the other parallelepiped. A through stepped hole passes vertically through the centers of the parallelepipeds.
The total height of the part is 30 mm.
The height of the lower parallelepiped is 10 mm, the length is 70 mm, and the width is 50 mm.
The second parallelepiped is 50 mm long and 40 mm wide.
The diameter of the bottom step of the hole is 35 mm, the height is 10 mm; the diameter of the second stage is 20 mm.
Note:
Option number 2
Support is a rectangular parallelepiped, to the left (smallest) side of which is attached a half-cylinder, which has a common lower base with the parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. At the base of the part there is a through hole of a prismatic shape. Its axis coincides in the top view with the axis of the groove.
The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, the length is 65 mm, and the width is 40 mm.
Semi-cylinder height 15 mm, base R 20 mm.
The width of the prismatic groove is 20 mm, the depth is 15 mm.
Hole width 10 mm, length 60 mm. There is a hole at a distance of 15 mm from the right side of the support.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 3
Frame is a combination of a square prism and a truncated cone, which stands with a large base in the center of the upper base of the prism. A through stepped hole passes along the axis of the cone.
The total height of the part is 65 mm.
The height of the prism is 15 mm, the size of the sides of the base is 70x70 mm.
Cone height 50 mm, bottom base Ǿ 50 mm, top base Ǿ 30 mm.
The diameter of the lower part of the hole is 25 mm, the height is 40 mm.
The diameter of the upper part of the hole is 15 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 4
Sleeve is a combination of two cylinders with a stepped through hole that runs along the axis of the part.
The total height of the part is 60 mm.
Height of lower cylinder 15 mm, base Ǿ 70 mm.
Second cylinder base Ǿ 45 mm.
Bottom hole Ǿ 50 mm, height 8 mm.
Upper part of hole Ǿ 30 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 5
Base is a parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. There are two through cylindrical holes in the groove. The centers of the holes are spaced from the ends of the part at a distance of 25 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, the length is 100 mm, and the width is 50 mm.
Groove depth 15 mm, width 30 mm.
Hole diameters 20 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 6
Frame It is a cube, along the vertical axis of which there is a through hole: semi-conical at the top, and then turning into a stepped cylindrical one.
Cube edge 60 mm.
Semi-conical hole depth 35 mm, top base Ǿ 40 mm, bottom base Ǿ 20 mm.
The height of the bottom step of the hole is 20 mm, the base is Ǿ 50 mm. The diameter of the middle part of the hole is 20 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 7
Support is a combination of a parallelepiped and a truncated cone. The large base of the cone is placed in the center of the upper base of the parallelepiped. Two prismatic cutouts run along the center of the smaller side faces of the parallelepiped. A cylindrical through hole Ǿ 15 mm was drilled along the axis of the cone.
The total height of the part is 60 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 15 mm, the length is 90 mm, and the width is 55 mm.
The cone base diameters are 40 mm (lower) and 30 mm (upper).
The length of the prismatic cutout is 20 mm, the width is 10 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 8
Frame is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped. In the center of the upper and lower base of the case there are two conical lugs. A cylindrical through hole Ǿ 10 mm passes through the centers of the tides.
The total height of the part is 59 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 45 mm, the length is 90 mm, and the width is 40 mm. The thickness of the walls of the parallelepiped is 10 mm.
Cone height 7 mm, base Ǿ 30 mm and Ǿ 20 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option number 9
Support is a combination of two cylinders with one common axle. A through hole runs along the axis: on top of a prismatic shape with a square base, and then a cylindrical shape.
The total height of the part is 50 mm.
Height of lower cylinder 10 mm, base Ǿ 70 mm. The base diameter of the second cylinder is 30 mm.
The height of the cylindrical hole is 25 mm, the base is Ǿ 24 mm.
The base side of the prism hole is 10 mm.
Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Test
Graphic work No. 11
"Drawing and visual representation of the part"
According to the axonometric projection, build a drawing of the part in the required number of views on a scale of 1: 1. Apply dimensions.
Graphic work No. 10
"Part sketch with construction elements"
Make a drawing of the part that has the parts removed according to the markup. The direction of projection for building the main view is indicated by an arrow.
Graphic work No. 8
"Drawing of a part with the transformation of its shape"
General concept on shape transformation. Linking a drawing to a markup
Graphic work
Making a drawing of an object in three views with the transformation of its shape (by removing part of the object)
Draw a technical drawing of the part by making notches of the same shape and size in the same place instead of the protrusions marked with arrows.
Task for logical thinking
Topic "Design drawings"
Crossword "Projection"
1. The point from which the projecting rays emanate during central projection.
2. What is obtained as a result of modeling.
3. Face of a cube.
4. Image resulting from projection.
5. In this axonometric projection, the axes are located at an angle of 120 ° to each other.
6. In Greek, this word means "double dimension."
7. Side view of the face, object.
8. Curve, isometric projection of a circle.
9. The image on the profile plane of projections is a view ...
Rebus on the topic "View"
Rebus
Crossword "Axonometry"
Vertically:
1. Translated from French, “front view”.
2. The concept in drawing on what the projection of a point or object is obtained.
3. The border between the halves of a symmetrical part in the drawing.
4. Geometric body.
5. Drawing tool.
6. Translated from Latin, "throw, throw forward."
7. Geometric body.
8. The science of graphic images.
9. Unit of measure.
10. Translated from Greek, "double dimension."
11. Translated from French, "side view."
12. In the drawing, “she” is thick, thin, wavy, etc.
Technical Dictionary of Drawing
| Term | Definition of a term or concept | |
| Axonometry | ||
| Algorithm | ||
| Analysis of the geometric shape of an object | ||
| Boss | ||
| Burtik | ||
| Shaft | ||
| Vertex | ||
| View | ||
| Main view | ||
| Additional type | ||
| view local | ||
| Screw | ||
| Sleeve | ||
| Dimension | ||
| screw | ||
| Fillet | ||
| geometric body | ||
| Horizontal | ||
| cooking | ||
| edge | ||
| Division of a circle | ||
| Division of the segment | ||
| Diameter | ||
| ESKD | ||
| Drawing tools | ||
| Tracing paper | ||
| Pencil | ||
| Drawing layout | ||
| Construction | ||
| Circuit | ||
| Cone | ||
| curved curves | ||
| Circular curves | ||
| pattern | ||
| Rulers | ||
| Line - callout | ||
| Extended line | ||
| transition line | ||
| Dimensional line | ||
| Solid line | ||
| Dashed line | ||
| dash-dotted line | ||
| Lyska | ||
| Scale | ||
| Monge method | ||
| Polyhedron | ||
| Polygon | ||
| Modeling | ||
| Main inscription | ||
| Dimensioning | ||
| Drawing stroke | ||
| cliff | ||
| Oval | ||
| Ovoid | ||
| Circle | ||
| Circle in axonometric projection | ||
| Ornament | ||
| axonometric axes | ||
| Axis of rotation | ||
| Projection axis | ||
| Axis of symmetry | ||
| Hole | ||
| Groove | ||
| Keyway | ||
| Parallelepiped | ||
| Pyramid | ||
| Projection plane | ||
| Prism | ||
| Axonometric projections | ||
| Projection | ||
| Projection isometric rectangular | ||
| Projection frontal dimetric oblique | ||
| projection | ||
| groove | ||
| Scan | ||
| The size | ||
| Overall dimensions | ||
| Structural dimensions | ||
| Dimensions coordinating | ||
| Part feature dimensions | ||
| Gap | ||
| Drawing frame | ||
| Edge | ||
| Technical drawing | ||
| Symmetry | ||
| Pairing | ||
| Standard | ||
| Standardization | ||
| Arrows | ||
| Scheme | ||
| Thor | ||
| Pairing point | ||
| Protractor | ||
| squares | ||
| Simplifications and Conventions | ||
| Chamfer | ||
| Drawing formats | ||
| Frontal | ||
| projection center | ||
| Pairing Center | ||
| Cylinder | ||
| Compass | ||
| Drawing | ||
| Working drawing | ||
| Drawing | ||
| Dimensional number | ||
| Reading a drawing | ||
| Washer | ||
| Ball | ||
| Slot | ||
| Schaffing | ||
| Font | ||
| Hatching Axonometric hatching | ||
| Ellipse | ||
| Sketch | ||
Workbook
Practical and graphic work on drawing
The notebook was developed by a teacher of the highest category of drawing and fine arts Nesterova Anna Aleksandrovna, teacher of MBOU "Secondary School No. 1 of Lensk"
Introduction to the subject of drawing
Materials, accessories, drawing tools.