What does it mean if you got married in a dream? According to the dream book for the whole family

If on the eve of your wedding you dreamed that you were going to marry a completely different person, then the choice you made in reality is correct and will bring happiness. Why else do you dream about your upcoming marriage? Dream books will help you decipher the image in a dream.

According to the dream book from A to Z

Did you dream that you wanted to get married, sewed an outfit, and prepared for the celebration? In reality, some grandiose event will pass in a fog, because you will worry and worry beyond measure. See yourself as a bride for festive table means that you will be lucky anywhere, but not in love.

Why do you dream if in a dream you decided to get married despite your parents’ prohibition? The dream book predicts illness, depression, mental exhaustion, and fatigue. In a dream, did you witness how a friend beat off your fiance and married him? This is a clue: your friends are hiding something from you or deliberately not telling you.

Did you imagine how you got married in a bad, gloomy mood? Future family life will turn out to be very unfavorable. If the wedding was fun and noisy, then the spouse will literally carry you in his arms. In a dream, did you get married and go to other lands on your honeymoon? The dream book promises complete harmony with your partner in sex. The worst thing is to see that they managed to get married in a cemetery. This means that you will remain a widow, since your husband will die at a young age.

According to the dream book of spouses Winter

You can get married in a dream before important life changes. Did you dream that you attended someone else's fun wedding? A truly fateful acquaintance is coming.

Why do you dream? if in a dream you experienced genuine happiness when getting married? The dream book promises great success. But marrying a weak and sick old man is bad. This means that success will be fleeting. In addition, you risk missing out on some opportunity if you continue to doubt and hesitate.

According to the dream book for the whole family

Why do you dream if you were asked to get married in a dream? In the near future, life will improve, stability and peace will come. But if you managed to cancel the wedding in the night, then in real life you will commit a rash action with unpleasant consequences.

It's bad to see yourself in a white wedding dress. This is a sign of a long, debilitating illness. Did you dream that you were trying on someone else’s wedding ring without intending to get married? You will quarrel with your relatives, lose your job, or another similar event will occur. Did you imagine that you were unlucky enough to be late for your own wedding? Prepare for losses.

Why does a young girl dream that she is planning to get married? The dream book prophesies for her major, but strictly positive changes in all spheres of life. It’s bad to see yourself without an engagement ring after you happened to get married in a dream. This is a symbol of betrayal, quarrels with friends. Did you dream that you got married and immediately became a widow? You have taken on too many responsibilities and, most likely, you will not be able to complete everything.

According to Miller's dream book

Why do you dream if you happen to get married? In reality, quickly solve the problems that caused anxiety and inconvenience. If a young girl in a dream decided to get married secretly from her parents and others, then in real life she needs to moderate her instincts and get rid of bad character traits. Did you dream that you were offered marriage? In reality, hopes and expectations will be fulfilled. But if such a dream came to a young girl, then she will be offered to become a kept woman.

What does it mean if in a dream your own fiance proposed marriage to another woman? The dream book advises not to be led by groundless fears and stupid fears. Did you dream that you were getting married, and those around you were in mourning? This is a clear omen of an unhappy marriage or business union. If the described situation occurred at someone else’s wedding, then an unhappy fate is in store for that person.

Why dream of marrying a stranger, your husband, an ex, a dead person?

Did you dream that you were marrying a stranger, and a foreigner at that? Get ready for family troubles. If you manage to marry a widower, then you are in danger from a man you know. The same plot involving a former gentleman promises the relevance of a long-standing problem that has already been forgotten. Marriage to a deceased person symbolizes the revival of old feelings, affairs, and relationships.

Why do you dream if you had to marry your husband? Expect serious life tests that you must go through together. In a dream, did you decide to get married, but didn’t know exactly who your future spouse would be? In reality you rush about aimlessly, wasting vitality to unnecessary relationships and activities.

What does it mean to get married without a groom?

Did you dream about getting married without a groom? A series of things will happen in reality unpleasant events, which will disrupt the usual rhythm of life and cause a lot of worries. Why do you dream that at the time of your wedding you are left alone and the groom has left? Excessive suspicion and groundless fears will lead to a dead end, and you will lose everything.

The disappearance of the groom can also symbolize a sudden separation in a dream. If you deliberately got married alone, then take it upon yourself an unbearable burden. Why do you dream if, having decided to get married, you tried to find your chosen one in a crowd of men? In reality, there are very difficult choices to make.

Why does a single girl, a married woman, a pregnant woman get married in a dream?

Did you dream that while you were married, you signed with another person? Prepare for adultery and misunderstanding. In any case, the relationship will move to another level. For a married lady to see her own wedding means that she has to make a responsible and fateful decision.

Is a single young girl lucky enough to get married in a dream? You dream too much, forgetting about real life. However, the same plot points to shame, an unworthy proposal, illness and even death. For a pregnant woman, getting married in a dream literally means accepting new responsibilities.

In the night I had a chance to get married in a white dress

Seeing yourself in a white dress in a dream is always bad. Most often this is a symbol of a serious illness. So pay attention close attention on own health, get tested, even if there is no particular reason for this.

But if in reality you are really planning to get married, then it is not surprising that even at night you walk around in a wedding dress. This is just a transfer of daytime events into the world of dreams. See poorly Wedding Dress dirty and torn. The image guarantees quarrels and misunderstandings up to the breaking of relations. For a lonely lady, a wedding dress can promise an acquaintance that will later develop into a strong marriage.

Why dream: getting married and giving up

Did you dream about getting married, but decided to cancel at the last minute? The plot symbolizes the wrong application of effort, as a result of which failure awaits you. In a dream, you were getting ready to get married, but the groom suddenly refused to get married? Be prepared for bouts of unreasonable jealousy.

Why else do you dream about this plot? In reality, an event will occur, after which you will dramatically change your long-standing plans. If you got married in a dream and decided to give up, then it’s time to understand yourself and change your character.

Getting married in a dream - other transcripts

Do you want to get the most truthful interpretation of a dream? Remember all the details of the dreamed event, take into account, for example, who dreamed it, who you happened to marry, etc.

  • marrying a widow means loneliness for the rest of your life
  • young girl - acquaintance, illness
  • for a married lady - new chores, worries, responsibility
  • marrying someone off means a happy future
  • own daughter, close friend - death loved one
  • unfamiliar - fulfillment of desires, success
  • marrying an old man - troubles aggravated by illness
  • for a famous actor - vicious hobby, repentance
  • for a doctor - deception, forgery
  • for a policeman - the need for protection
  • for a fireman - danger
  • for a colleague - a quarrel with him
  • for a foreigner - discord in the family
  • for your brother, father, uncle - the need to adopt a certain quality characteristic of this person
  • for your own husband - newness in the relationship
  • for the deceased - old cases
  • for the former - revival of the past
  • getting married in a dress means disrupting an important event
  • with a wedding hairstyle - good news, increased income, winnings
  • in a veil - death, tragic situation
  • with a wedding ring - luck, strong union
  • without an engagement ring - betrayal, betrayal in the future
  • with a wedding bouquet - give free rein to your imagination, get rid of excessive modesty
  • getting married is a dream come true
  • secret wedding - breakup

Why do you dream if you intended to get married, but managed to be late for your own wedding? You are too tired at work, so you risk missing something more important.

Marriage is a long-awaited, happy and solemn event in the life of every woman. And this period is accompanied positive emotions and expectations of something new and good. Dreams in which you see yourself getting married have a similar emotional characteristic.

If you want to get information about why you dream of getting married, read the interpretations proposed below, which provide information about events occurring in the present and future tense. If you know what the dream in which you dreamed that you were getting married means, you can prepare in advance for possible difficulties, or joyfully accept the happy moments prepared by fate.

Why do you dream about marriage?

If a woman gets married in a dream, then this is very good sign. Of course, on the one hand, it indicates loneliness, the absence of a loved one nearby, sexual dissatisfaction, and possibly misunderstanding on the part of acquaintances and friends. But on the other hand, this indicates an upcoming meeting with a new person with whom you will fall in love and whom you may marry. In general, changes in life are expected better side and a lot of positive emotions.

A dream in which you dreamed that you agreed to marry your chosen one speaks of respectful attitude towards you on the part of people whose opinion is very dear to you. In the dream book, this dream is interpreted as a serious, right decision.

A woman who got married while sleeping will experience big changes in the future. But this is not always associated with romantic relationships and family life. If you dreamed that you would get married in the future, it means that in the future you can expect advancement up the career ladder, as a result of which new responsibilities may appear.

Getting married. How wonderful this sounds, but only if you marry your spouse. Such a dream is a warning. Perhaps at this moment you are most vulnerable and there are holes in your energetic protection.

I'm marrying a foreigner. Often such news is pleasant, but not in this case. Such a dream should be regarded as an alarming sign. It is likely that your loved ones and friends may soon have serious problems.

A dream in which I dreamed that it was not the first time that I would marry a guy with whom I had been before serious relationship, leaving vivid impressions, indicates an unpreparedness for a new relationship and longing for an unfulfilled past. Your subconscious wants to return to what was previously familiar and pleasant to you.

I'm getting married no matter what it costs me. Such a dream reflects the girl’s negative mood. The dream book also talks about loneliness, isolation, a depressed and dissatisfied state. It is important to find the cause of such thoughts and eliminate them.

If in a dream you were to marry your lover, it means that you dream of a strong and happy family. But in the dream book this dream has nothing to do with real events, it is neutral.

If your daughter got married in a dream, this indicates an impending separation from a close relative. But in general, the dream book regards the daughter’s wedding as a positive sign promising well-being.

She married an unloved man. The dream book on this subject talks about problems in relationships with the opposite sex, about falsehood and hypocrisy. Your openness and readiness for new acquaintances and romantic relationships is regarded by the dream book as an option to compensate for such feelings.

The dream book warns women. When they propose in a dream, you agree and get married, you will definitely achieve your intended goal. However, the result obtained may not justify the effort expended.

What else do dreams tell us about when we get married?

In Miller's dream book, the luckiest people get married. As a rule, this is the one who can find a way out of any life situation. Therefore, if you had such a dream, it means that you will cope with any difficulties in life.

I'm getting married soon. Did you dream of something similar? Get ready for the wedding. Who knows, maybe in the future you will find yourself on wedding celebration, but not as a bride. You may be invited as a witness or guest. Sometimes similar dream may indicate the cancellation of the wedding of your close friends, which should take place soon.

A dream in which you marry a dead man with whom you were previously acquainted speaks of danger. The Dream Interpretation strongly recommends that you be more careful so that no accident involving injury or illness happens to you. Although, on the other hand, the dream book interprets such a dream as the intention of the dreamed spirit of the deceased to patronize you.

If a woman saw her wedding in a dream, this does not guarantee that she will be getting married very soon. Sometimes such a dream indicates problems in relationships, the consequences of which may be unpredictable. The dream book recommends letting go of the situation so that nothing ties you to relationships that have already become obsolete.

Getting married. In ancient times, such a dream did not bode well. It was believed that a woman who was to get married during sleep would face big problems.

If you saw that your mother got married in a dream, it means you are depressed. Probably the relationship with your mother has suffered a “crack”, or you are worried about her.

If during a dream you get married with reluctance, perhaps in reality you will not be able to correctly set priorities. In this case, the dream book advises listening to your intuition.

A dream in which you dreamed that you refused to marry your chosen one is a warning. Therefore, before you do anything, think carefully about everything, since it will be impossible to return everything back.

A married woman got married for the second time in a dream. This is a positive dream. It is quite possible that your married life will become more eventful and vibrant, and your relationship with your spouse, which has noticeably cooled down, will gain a second wind.

A dream in which, being in a position, you get married, may indicate that you may have too high demands on your spouse, and you expect the impossible from marriage. The dream in this case, on a subconscious level, seems to tell you that family life is not the solution to all personal problems.

I'm marrying my brother. Such a dream is regarded as impending changes that should happen soon in your life. Close relatives will play an important role in this.

If you get married in a dream without a groom, then this indicates high self-esteem and a tendency to narcissism. Accordingly, there are problems with finding a life partner, since many do not meet your requirements.

Whatever dream you have, use the dream book, but remember that it contains interpretations based on popular observations.

All photographic materials are taken from the site Google.Images.ru

To other people - she is proud of the beauty of her naked body.

If she looks at him in the mirror- this also symbolizes her desire for self-satisfaction.

Women's dream book

If in a dream on the eve of the wedding you decide to marry another candidate- you can be absolutely sure that your choice is the only correct one.

Dream book for the whole family

If you were proposed to in a dream- expect changes in business for the better, peace and stability.

Wedding cancellation- indicates that you will commit rash actions that will entail a number of unpleasant changes in your life.

If a girl sees herself in a white dress- She should be wary of illness.

Seeing yourself trying on someone else's wedding ring - you will quarrel with one of your relatives, and at work you will either be demoted or fired.

If in a dream you are late for your own wedding- expect some losses in the near future.

If a girl dreams of her future married life- this means pleasant changes both in your personal life and in your career. It is possible that your superiors will notice your talents and appreciate them (new position, increase wages and so on.). If you do not work, but study, then such a dream means that you will successfully pass all exams and begin to receive an increased scholarship.

If you see yourself without a wedding ring- expect betrayal by a close friend or husband. It could also mean a quarrel with friends or relatives.

If you dream that you become a widow- this warns you that you should not take on too many responsibilities. You may not be able to handle them.

Dream book for a bitch

Watching someone's marriage ceremony- good changes, good news, pleasure from life.

Modern combined dream book

If they make you an offer- Your affairs will improve and you will no longer worry.

Receive a refusal from a loved one- means that you are distributing your forces incorrectly, so you will not have time to do everything you have planned.

Seeing yourself in a wedding dress- warns that you need to pay attention to your possible health condition. Your body will let you down at the most crucial moment; chronic diseases will remind you of themselves.

See yourself with a wedding hairstyle- to good news, a salary increase, winning a cash prize.

If you are trying on someone else's wedding ring- in reality, beware of failure, be careful, do not make mistakes, focus on everything that concerns you personally.

Choose bridal bouquet - means that you lack the attention of representatives of the opposite sex. You should get rid of excess modesty and give free rein to your imagination.

Seeing yourself in a dream as being late for a wedding ceremony- means that you are loaded technical work, which tires you, you don’t see the main thing and therefore worry too much.

Eastern women's dream book

If a young woman, shortly before her wedding, dreamed that she was getting married to someone else- she can be calm: she made the right choice.

If a woman dreams that she is getting married in the fall- her husband will be a worthy and wealthy man.

The newest dream book of G. Ivanov

Marry- to loneliness, tears, sadness.

Dream interpretation of birthday people in May, June, July, August

If you dream that you are getting married- get ready to meet your future husband.

Dream interpretation of birthday people of September, October, December

Get married- in reality you will not get married: being an old maid is your lot.

Dream interpretation of birthday people of January, February, March, April

Marry for a widow- to loneliness.

Get married for a girl- to get acquainted.

Give or marry someone- happy future.

To be married myself- mutual love.

Dream Interpretation from A to Z

If you dream that you are getting married- in reality this foreshadows mutual love.

Marry a widower- you are in danger from a male friend.

If your chosen one in a dream is a foreigner- expect troubles in the family.

If, having a husband, you marry someone else in a dream- this foreshadows adultery.

Dream Interpretation of Simon Kananita

Give away or marry- happy future.

To be married myself- you have mutual love

Medieval dream book of Daniel

Marry a woman- to anxiety.

Marry a girl- to losses.

Dream Interpretation Interpretation of Dreams

Marry- portends a happy life.

Marrying your daughter or girlfriend- a sign of the death of one of your close relatives; and giving away a stranger foreshadows the one who saw this dream- fulfillment of his desires and happy success in the enterprise.

Maly Velesov Dream Interpretation

Get married- changes in life; marry a young man- illness and death.

Marry a widower- danger.

Don't be upset - it's just a dream. Thanks to him for the warning.

When you wake up, look out the window. Tell in open window: “Where there is night, there comes sleep. All the good things stay, all the bad things go.”

Open the tap and dream about flowing running water.

Wash your face three times with the words “Where water flows, sleep goes.”

Throw a pinch of salt into a glass of water and say: “As this salt melts, my sleep will go away and will not bring harm.”

Turn your bed linen inside out.

Don't tell anyone bad dream before lunch.

Write it down on paper and burn this sheet.



according to Tsvetkov’s dream book

going out - for a girl - a hopeless situation; for a childless woman - to separation from her husband; marry off your daughter, if you have one; for a pregnant woman - to give birth to a daughter; for business - a lucrative contract.

Why do you dream about a wedding?

according to Tsvetkov’s dream book

sadness, death; dancing at a wedding means trouble with the opposite sex; communicate with guests - things will get confusing.

Wedding

according to Ayurvedic dream book

I dreamed about a wedding

according to Miller's dream book

Seeing yourself at a wedding in a dream means that you will quickly find a way out of circumstances that may cause your anxiety and obstacles to success. If a young woman dreams of a secret wedding, this is very unfavorable for the characterization of her nature. It is possible that the dream will lead her to the idea of ​​​​the need to curb herself. If she accepted a proposal in a dream, it means that she will rise in the opinion of those above her, and the expected promises will not be deceived. If in a dream she thinks that her parents do not approve of her marriage, it means that her engagement will not be approved by her relatives. If she dreams that her lover is marrying someone else, the dream foreshadows unnecessary suffering and empty, groundless fears. If you dream that you are already married, this is a sad omen. If a young woman sees someone in mourning at her wedding, this means that her family life will be unhappy. If this happens at someone else’s wedding, she will be saddened by the unfortunate fate of a relative or friend. The dream may foretell annoyance or illness instead of the expected happiness and health. A pleasant trip that will take place in reality after such a dream can be seriously upset by an unpleasant intrusion or other surprise.

The meaning of a dream about a wedding

according to Freud's dream book

Seeing someone's wedding in a dream is a sign of good news, which, although not directly related to you, will still affect you too. If you dreamed of your own wedding, it means that soon you will be presented with a surprise, and you will be required to treat it with maximum understanding and guess what it means.

Why do you dream about a wedding?

according to Tsvetkov’s dream book

to be at a wedding means sadness, death or trouble for the one getting married; for the sleeper - illness; to be a guest at the wedding of a friend or acquaintance - joint affairs (what the bride looks like - such are the affairs); dancing at a wedding means trouble with the opposite sex; see Guest, Marriage.

Why do you have a dream about a wedding?

according to Vanga's dream book

Walking in a dream at a wedding - to fun party in the circle of my old friends. Perhaps at this party you will meet a person who will later become the meaning of your life. Being at your wedding in a dream is evidence that you will soon need to make a difficult decision. Most likely, your entire future life will depend on this decision. If you dreamed that you were present at a wedding as an honored guest, then in real life one of your loved ones will really need your help. Do not refuse this person, because very soon you will also need his services.

Why does the groom dream?

according to Tsvetkov’s dream book

worries, interference, delays in business; laughing is deception.

The meaning of a dream about a groom

according to Freud's dream book

A dreamed groom (not just anyone, but an abstract groom in a suit and with a traditional bouquet) promises you changes in your personal life. Either you will make an acquaintance that is pleasant in all respects with all the ensuing consequences, or you will change your personal status - the unmarried one will get married, and the unmarried one will get married. If in a dream you saw a groom without a bride, it means that in real life you suffer from a lack of integrity and harmony in your intimate relationships. You feel that everything is not going at all the way you would like it, but you don’t know how to restore harmony to sex. If you saw the groom and the bride in a dream, it means that your relationship both in life and in bed can only be envied.

Groom

according to Ayurvedic dream book

Such a dream is unlucky. He predicts grief and disappointment. You will mourn the loss of a relative.

Why do you dream about marriage?

according to Tsvetkov’s dream book

(the procedure itself, the ceremony) - the arrangement of affairs.

Why do you dream about your husband?

according to Tsvetkov’s dream book

(in a wife’s dream) - family life; relationships with children; children; scolds his wife - to his wife’s illness; beats his wife - to consent; (deceased or former) - return of former relationships; to parting with someone who is now close; fights with his wife - to reconciliation; swearing - to the illness of one of the spouses; very affectionate - there are problems in the family (for the wife); husband and wife feast - to separation; hugging your wife is joy in business; to connect with a wife - someone else's influence in business; wife hugs her husband - good news or events; wife gives you something to drink - fortunately; traveling together - loss of property.

Husband

according to Ayurvedic dream book

Your wish will not be fulfilled. If you dream that you have fallen in love with someone else's husband, then this is a sign that you are becoming vicious.

I dreamed about my husband

according to Miller's dream book

If you dream that your husband leaves you without apparent reason, the dream promises a short-term alienation between you, which will be replaced by a wonderful time of agreement. A very favorable dream is about a quarrel with your spouse, in which he showers you with undeserved accusations: this means trust and respect in real life. However, such a dream may portend the threat of danger from a completely different direction. Seeing your husband dead is a sign of great sorrow. If you dream that he is pale and tired, this promises illness among your loved ones. But if your husband is cheerful in your dreams, prosperity awaits your home and life will open new horizons for you. If you dream that your spouse is in love with someone else, this dream encourages you to critically reconsider the usual structure of your home: is your life monotonous? For a woman who sees in a dream that she has fallen in love with another, the dream reveals the true state of her spirit: she is lonely in the family or dissatisfied with her position. If a girl dreams that she is married, this dream encourages her to take more care of her attractiveness and dignity. If in a dream your husband leaves you, but as he moves further away, he seems to become taller - this is a sign that your environment will prevent you from achieving harmony in your relationship. This dream encourages you to fight obstacles to your happiness. The danger of divorce or other losses is contained in a dream where your spouse, in company with another woman, is involved in a scandal, as a result of which he is killed. Such a dream often promises ordinary everyday troubles.

The meaning of a dream about the registry office

according to Freud's dream book

If you dreamed of a registry office, this means that you want to legalize your relationship, which means that your marriage is just around the corner. And if you haven’t made a marriage proposal yet, or, conversely, no one has made one for you, then this event will happen very soon.

I dreamed about marriage

according to Miller's dream book

For a woman to dream that she is marrying an old, decrepit man means that illness will be added to all other troubles. If during the ceremony her lover in black passes by, looking at her reproachfully, this portends a cooling of her friends towards her. Seeing a marriage ceremony in a dream means joy and pleasure, if only in the dream the guests are dressed in light clothes and cheerful. Black clothes on guests promise sadness. If you are a minister at a wedding ceremony, you will experience pleasure and self-care in reality. Seeing an accident during a wedding portends suffering. If a young woman sees herself as a bride, but not very happy, this portends her disappointment in love. This dream is favorable for a person who is happily married. But for anyone married woman a dream about her own wedding encourages her to abandon vanity and pettiness.

Seeing a wedding ceremony in a dream

according to Loff's dream book

Obviously, before moving on to painstaking work according to the interpretation of such a dream, the dreamer will have a desire to study the possible events that gave rise to this dream, such as other weddings in real life. This dream could be simple execution desires or personal expectations. However, if you are not on the verge of such events, other scenarios may exist. First of all, you should consider the other circumstances of your life. Are you taking on increased responsibilities or are you on the verge of making an important commitment to an employer, partner or other person related to you? This dream may serve as a commentary on how suitable this commitment is for you. If the wedding goes well, then you probably think that you are entering into a reliable union. If your wedding seems like a disaster or your role is unclear, then there may be a need to reconsider your responsibilities.

The person whose dreams tend to come true may believe that this prophetic dream. The explanation will be quite simple and logical if in real life the wedding is just around the corner or has recently taken place. In other cases, it will be interesting to find out why you dream about getting married, especially if the dreamer is already married.

Interpretation in popular dream books

Everything is important here: who the groom is, how many guests, what the bride is wearing. But it also happens that the details are forgotten, only a blurry memory remains: “Today I dreamed of a wedding, why would that be?”

As a rule, such a dream predicts:

  • Dream Interpretation of Evdokia: marrying a widower means danger, marrying a foreigner means trouble;
  • And Vasiliev: you have to sort out the confusion in life, but as a result, a pleasant event awaits, the realization of an old dream;
  • E. Isaeva: marrying a doctor in a dream means a hostile attitude from someone around you, possibly deceiving a loved one;
  • Family dream book for unmarried people: firmly decision or random event(both good and bad), which will affect the whole later life, most likely, will affect your personal life or career.

Does it matter Family status in reality? Yes. Dream about marriage unmarried woman It promises a quick marriage for a single man, and the birth of children for married people.

Why dream of marrying a stranger, husband, ex, dead person?

It should be remembered who the groom was. The interpretation largely depends on this, even if the chosen one was not the main character of the plot:

  • marry a stranger - receive an invitation to a wedding;
  • for the ex - dwell on the past;
  • for a deceased person - to marry soon;
  • for an old man - wait a long time for success, do not count on easy, quick achievements;
  • for a widower - to be in danger;
  • for a foreigner - get into an unpleasant situation;
  • for a young man who is much younger than the bride - to quarrel with someone and regret it.

What else to read