Homemade tesla coil. DIY Tesla coil - diagram and calculation of a simple DIY electrical decoration

Nikola Tesla is truly a brilliant inventor of all times. He practically created all modern world. Without his inventions, we would not have known what we know now about electric current for a long time.
One of Tesla's brightest and most amazing inventions is his coil or transformer. Which perfectly demonstrates the transfer of energy over a distance.
To conduct experiments, please and surprise your friends, you can assemble a simple but completely working prototype at home. You don't need it for this large number scarce parts and a lot of time.

To make a Tesla Coil you will need:

• CD can.
• A piece of polypropylene tube.
• Switch.
• Transistor 2n2222 (you can domestic type kt815, kt817, kt805, etc.).
• Resistor 20-60 KOhm.
• Wires.
• Wire 0.08-0.3 mm.
• 9V battery or other 6-15V source.

Tools: a stationery knife, a hot glue gun, an awl, scissors and maybe another tool that is found in almost every home.

Making a Tesla coil with your own hands

First of all, we need to cut a piece of polypropylene tube approximately 12-20 centimeters long. Any pipe diameter, take whatever you have on hand.

Let's take a thin wire. We fix one end with electrical tape and begin to wind tightly, turn to turn, until we cover the entire tube, leaving 1 centimeter from the edge. Once we have wound it, we will also secure the second end of the wire with electrical tape. You can use hot glue, but in this case you will have to wait a little.

We take the disc case and make three holes for the wire. See photo.

We cut a groove for the switch with which we will turn our Tesla coil on and off.

To make it look better I painted the box with spray paint.

We insert the switch. Glue the coil wound on the tube with hot glue into the middle of the jar.

Pass the lower end of the wire through the hole.

We take a thicker wire. We will make a power coil from it.

We wrap the wire around the tube. We do not do it closely, at some distance. Coil 4-5 turns.

We pass both ends of the resulting coil through the holes.
Next we assemble the diagram:

I glued the transistor using hot glue to a soda cap, which I had also previously glued to hot glue. In general, we fix all the elements, including wires and batteries, with this glue.

Next we make the electrode. Take a ping pong ball, golf ball, or other small ball and wrap it around aluminum foil. Cut off the excess with scissors.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, electrical engineering developed at a breakneck pace. Industry and everyday life received such a number of electrical technical innovations that this was enough for them to further develop for another two hundred years. And if we try to find out to whom we owe such a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of domestication electrical energy, then physics textbooks will name a dozen names that certainly influenced the course of evolution. But none of the textbooks can really explain why the achievements of Nikola Tesla are still kept silent and who this mysterious man really was.

Who are you, Mr. Tesla?

Tesla is a new civilization. The scientist was unprofitable to the ruling elite, and is still unprofitable now. He was so ahead of his time that to this day his inventions and experiments cannot always be explained from the point of view of modern science. He made the night sky glow over all of New York, over Atlantic Ocean and over Antarctica, it turned the night into white day, at which time the hair and fingertips of passers-by glowed with an unusual plasma light, meter-long sparks were struck from under the hooves of horses.

They were afraid of Tesla; he could easily put an end to the monopoly on the sale of energy, and if he wanted, he could remove all the Rockefellers and Rothschilds combined from the throne. But he stubbornly continued his experiments until he died under mysterious circumstances, and his archives were stolen and their whereabouts are still unknown.

Operating principle of the device

Modern scientists can judge the genius of Nikola Tesla only by a dozen inventions that did not fall under the Masonic Inquisition. If you think about the essence of his experiments, you can only imagine what mass of energy this man could easily control. All modern power plants taken together are not capable of producing such electrical potential, which was possessed by one single scientist, having at his disposal the most primitive devices, one of which we will assemble today.

A do-it-yourself Tesla transformer, a simple circuit and a stunning effect from its use, will only give you an idea of ​​what techniques the scientist manipulated and, to be honest, will once again confuse you modern science. From the point of view of electrical engineering in our primitive understanding, a Tesla transformer is a primary and secondary winding, the simplest circuit that provides power to the primary at the resonant frequency of the secondary winding, but the output voltage increases hundreds of times. This is hard to believe, but everyone can see it for themselves.

Apparatus for receiving currents high frequency and high potential was patented by Tesla in 1896. The device looks incredibly simple and consists of:

• a primary coil made of wire with a cross-section of at least 6 mm², about 5-7 turns;
• a secondary coil wound on a dielectric is a wire with a diameter of up to 0.3 mm, 700-1000 turns;
• arrester;
• capacitor;
• spark glow emitter.

The main difference between the Tesla transformer and all other devices is that it does not use ferroalloys as a core, and the power of the device, regardless of the power of the power source, is limited only by the electrical strength of air. The essence and principle of operation of the device is to create an oscillatory circuit, which can be implemented by several methods:

We will assemble a device for obtaining ether energy in the most in a simple way- on semiconductor transistors. To do this, we will need to stock up on a simple set of materials and tools:

Tesla transformer circuits

The device is assembled according to one of the supplied diagrams; the ratings may vary, since the efficiency of the device depends on them. First, about a thousand turns of thin enameled wire are wound onto a plastic core, creating a secondary winding. The coils are varnished or covered with tape. Number of turns primary winding selected empirically, but on average it is 5-7 turns. Next, the device is connected according to the diagram.

To obtain spectacular discharges, it is enough to experiment with the shape of the terminal, the spark glow emitter, and the fact that the device is already working when turned on can be judged by the glowing neon lamps located within a radius of half a meter from the device, by independently switching on radio lamps and, of course, by plasma flashes and lightning at the end of the emitter.

Toy? Nothing of the kind. Using this principle, Tesla intended to build a global system of wireless energy transmission using ether energy. To implement such a scheme, two powerful transformers are needed, installed at different ends of the Earth, operating at the same resonant frequency.

In this case, there is completely no need for copper wires, power plants, bills for the services of monopoly electricity suppliers, since anyone anywhere on the planet could use electricity completely unhindered and free of charge. Naturally, such a system will never pay for itself, since there is no need to pay for electricity. And if so, then investors are in no hurry to get in line to sell Nikola Tesla’s patent No. 645,576.

The combination of several physical laws in one device is perceived by people far from physics as a miracle or a trick: emitted discharges, similar to lightning, glowing near the coil fluorescent lamps, not connected to a regular power supply, etc. At the same time, you can assemble a Tesla coil with your own hands from standard parts sold in any electrical store. It is wiser to delegate setting up the device to those who are familiar with the principles of electricity, or to carefully study the relevant literature.

How Tesla invented his coil

Nikola Tesla - the greatest inventor of the 20th century

One of Nikola Tesla's areas of work at the end of the nineteenth century was the problem of transmitting electrical energy over long distances without wires. On May 20, 1891, at his lecture at the University of Columbia (USA), he demonstrated an amazing device to the staff of the American Institute of Electrical Engineering. The principle of its operation underlies modern energy-saving fluorescent lamps.

During experiments with the Ruhmkorff coil using the method of Heinrich Hertz, Tesla discovered overheating of the steel core and melting of the insulation between the windings when connecting a high-speed generator to the device AC. He then decided to modify the design by creating an air gap between the windings and moving the core to different positions. He added a capacitor to the circuit to prevent the coil from burning out.

Tesla coil operating principle and application

When the appropriate potential difference is reached, the excess energy comes out in the form of a streamer with a purple glow

This is a resonant transformer, the operation of which is based on the following algorithm:

• the capacitor is charged from a high-voltage transformer;
• upon reaching required level the charge is discharged with a spark jumping;
• a short circuit occurs in the primary coil of the transformer, leading to oscillations;
• by selecting the connection point to the turns of the primary coil, they change the resistance and configure the entire circuit.

The resulting high voltage at the top of the secondary winding will produce impressive discharges in the air. For greater clarity, the operating principle of the device is compared to a swing that a person swings. A swing is an oscillatory circuit consisting of a transformer, a capacitor and a spark gap, a person is the primary winding, the stroke of the swing is movement electric current, and the rise height is the potential difference. It is enough to push the swing several times with a certain effort, and it will rise to a considerable height.

In addition to educational and aesthetic use (demonstration of discharges and lamps glowing without connecting to a network), the device has found its use in the following industries:

• radio control;
• wireless transmission of data and energy;
• darsonvalization in medicine - treatment of the skin surface with weak high-frequency currents for toning and healing;
• ignition of gas discharge lamps;
• search for leaks in vacuum systems etc.

Making a Tesla coil with your own hands at home

Designing and creating a device is not difficult for people familiar with the principles of electrical engineering and electricity. However, even a beginner can cope with this task if he makes competent calculations and scrupulously follows step by step instructions. In any case, before starting work, be sure to familiarize yourself with the safety regulations for working with high voltage.

Scheme

A Tesla coil consists of two coreless coils that send out a large pulse of current. The primary winding consists of 10 turns, the secondary - of 1000. Including a capacitor in the circuit allows you to minimize the loss of spark charge. The output potential difference exceeds millions of volts, which makes it possible to obtain spectacular and spectacular electrical discharges.

Before you start making a coil with your own hands, you need to study the diagram of its structure

Tools and materials

To assemble and subsequently operate a Tesla coil, you will need to prepare following materials and equipment:

• transformer with output voltage from 4 kV 35 mA;
• bolts and metal ball for the arrester;
• capacitor with calculated capacity parameters of at least 0.33 µF 275 V;
• PVC pipe with a diameter of 75 mm;
• enameled copper wire with a cross section of 0.3–0.6 mm - plastic insulation prevents breakdown;
• hollow metal ball;
• thick cable or copper tube with a cross section of 6 mm.

Step-by-step instructions for making a coil

Powerful batteries can also be used as a power source

The coil manufacturing algorithm consists of the following steps:

1. Selection of power source. The best option for a beginner - transformers for neon signs. In any case, the output voltage on them should not be lower than 4 kV.
2. Making a spark gap. The overall performance of the device depends on the quality of this element. In the simplest case, these can be ordinary bolts screwed in at a distance of a few millimeters from each other, between which a metal ball is installed. The distance is selected so that the spark flies when only the spark gap is connected to the transformer.
3. Calculation of capacitor capacity. The resonant capacitance of the transformer is multiplied by 1.5 and the desired value is obtained. It is wiser to purchase a capacitor with the given parameters ready-made, since in the absence of sufficient experience it is difficult to assemble this element yourself so that it works. In this case, difficulties may arise in determining its nominal capacity. As a rule, in the absence of a large element, the coil capacitors are an assembly of three rows of 24 capacitors each. In this case, a 10 MΩ quenching resistor must be installed on each capacitor.
4. Creating a secondary coil. The height of the coil is equal to five of its diameters. A suitable one is selected for this length available material, for example, PVC pipe. She's being wrapped up copper wire in 900–1000 turns, and then varnished to preserve the aesthetic appearance. A hollow metal ball is attached to the top, and bottom part grounded. It is advisable to consider a separate grounding, since when using a common grounding, there is a high probability of failure of other electrical appliances. If a ready-made metal ball is not available, then it can be replaced with other similar options, made independently:
   • wrap the plastic ball in foil, which should be carefully smoothed;
   • wrap aluminum tape around a corrugated pipe rolled into a circle.
5. Creation of the primary coil. The thickness of the tube prevents resistive losses; with increasing thickness, its ability to deform decreases. Therefore, a very thick cable or tube will bend poorly and crack at the bends. The pitch between the turns is maintained at 3–5 mm, the number of turns depends on the overall dimensions of the coil and is selected experimentally, as well as the location where the device is connected to the power source.
6. Test run. After completing the initial settings, the coil is started.

Features of manufacturing other types of devices

It is mainly used for health purposes

For making flat coil a base is first prepared, on which two copper wires with a cross-section of 1.5 mm are laid in series parallel to the plane of the base. The top of the installation is varnished, prolonging its service life. Externally, this device is a container made of two spiral plates nested inside each other, connected to a power source.

The technology for manufacturing a mini-coil is identical to the algorithm discussed above for a standard transformer, but in this case less will be needed. consumables, and it can be powered from a standard 9V Krona battery.

Video: how to create a mini Tesla coil

By connecting the coil to a transformer that outputs current through high-frequency musical waves, you can get a device whose discharges change depending on the rhythm sounding music. Used in organizing shows and entertainment attractions.

Tesla coil - high frequency resonant transformer high voltage. Energy losses at high potential differences make it possible to obtain beautiful electrical phenomena in the form of lightning, self-igniting lamps that respond to the musical rhythm of discharges, etc. This device can be assembled from standard electrical parts. However, one should not forget about precautions both during creation and during use of the device.

A transformer that increases voltage and frequency many times is called a Tesla transformer. Energy-saving and fluorescent lamps, picture tubes of old TVs, charging batteries from a distance and much more were created thanks to the operating principle of this device. Let’s not exclude its use for entertainment purposes, because the “Tesla transformer” is capable of creating beautiful purple discharges - streamers reminiscent of lightning (Fig. 1). During operation, an electromagnetic field is generated that can affect electronic devices and even on the human body, and during discharges in the air occurs chemical process with the release of ozone. To make a Tesla transformer with your own hands, you do not need to have extensive knowledge in the field of electronics, just follow this article.

Components and operating principle

All Tesla transformers, due to a similar operating principle, consist of the same blocks:

1. Power supply.
2. Primary circuit.

The power supply provides the primary circuit with voltage of the required magnitude and type. The primary circuit creates high-frequency oscillations that generate resonant oscillations in the secondary circuit. As a result, a current of high voltage and frequency is formed on the secondary winding, which tends to create electrical circuit through the air - a streamer is formed.

The choice of primary circuit determines the type of Tesla coil, power source and size of the streamer. Let's focus on the semiconductor type. It features a simple circuit with available parts, and low supply voltage.

Selection of materials and parts

We will search and select parts for each of the above structural units:

After winding, we insulate the secondary coil with paint, varnish or other dielectric. This will prevent the streamer from getting into it.

Terminal – additional capacity of the secondary circuit, connected in series. For small streamers it is not necessary. It is enough to bring the end of the coil up 0.5–5 cm.

After we have collected all the necessary parts for the Tesla coil, we begin to assemble the structure with our own hands.

Design and assembly

We carry out the assembly according to the simplest scheme in Figure 4.

We install the power supply separately. Parts can be assembled wall-mounted, the main thing is to avoid short circuits between the contacts.

When connecting a transistor, it is important not to mix up the contacts (Fig. 5).

To do this, we check the diagram. We tightly screw the radiator to the transistor body.

Assemble the circuit on a dielectric substrate: a piece of plywood, a plastic tray, wooden box etc. We separate the circuit from the coils with a dielectric plate or board, with a miniature hole for the wires.

We secure the primary winding so as to prevent it from falling and touching the secondary winding. In the center of the primary winding we leave space for the secondary coil, taking into account the fact that optimal distance there is 1 cm between them. It is not necessary to use a frame - a reliable fastening is enough.

We install and secure the secondary winding. Let's do necessary connections according to the diagram. You can see the operation of the manufactured Tesla transformer in the video below.

Switching on, checking and adjusting

Remove before turning on electronic devices away from the test site to prevent their damage. Remember electrical safety! To launch successfully, perform the following steps in order:

1. We exhibit variable resistor to the middle position. When applying power, make sure there is no damage.
2. Visually check the presence of the streamer. If it is missing, we bring a fluorescent light bulb or incandescent lamp to the secondary coil. The glow of the lamp confirms the functionality of the “Tesla transformer” and the presence of an electromagnetic field.
3. If the device does not work, first of all we swap the leads of the primary coil, and only then we check the transistor for breakdown.
4. When you turn it on for the first time, monitor the temperature of the transistor; if necessary, connect additional cooling.

Distinctive features of the powerful Tesla transformer are high voltage, large dimensions of the device and the method of producing resonant oscillations. Let's talk a little about how it works and how to make a Tesla spark-type transformer.

The primary circuit operates on alternating voltage. When turned on, the capacitor charges. As soon as the capacitor is charged to the maximum, a breakdown of the spark gap occurs - a device of two conductors with a spark gap filled with air or gas. After the breakdown, it forms series circuit of a capacitor and a primary coil, called an LC circuit. It is this circuit that creates high-frequency oscillations that create secondary circuit resonant vibrations and enormous voltage (Fig. 6).

Subject to availability necessary details, a powerful Tesla transformer can be assembled with your own hands, even at home. To do this, it is enough to make changes to the low-power circuit:

1. Increase the diameters of the coils and the cross-section of the wire by 1.1 - 2.5 times.
2. Add a toroid-shaped terminal.
3. Change the DC voltage source to an alternating one with a high boost factor that produces a voltage of 3–5 kV.
4. Change the primary circuit according to the diagram in Figure 6.
5. Add reliable grounding.

Tesla spark transformers can reach power up to 4.5 kW, therefore creating streamers large sizes. The best effect is obtained when the frequencies of both circuits are equal. This can be realized by calculating parts in special programs - vsTesla, inca and others. You can download one of the Russian-language programs from the link: http://ntesla.at.ua/_fr/1/6977608.zip.

Answer

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Today I’ll tell you about a miniature transistor Tesla coil, this circuit is also called a kacher.

The device creates a high-frequency high-voltage field in which various gas-filled lamps (for example, lamps) light up wirelessly daylight). Also, at the end of the secondary winding, a beautiful high-voltage spark is formed that you can touch without fear of getting an electric shock!

First you need to wind a high-voltage coil (L2), for the frame you can use anything in the form of a tube with a diameter of 3-10cm, for example sewer pipes, also needed copper wire in enamel with a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm, you can get it from various radio-electronic devices or buy it on the radio market.

After you have acquired the wire, you need to wind it onto the frame turn to turn without overlaps or significant gaps, about 1000 turns, at least 600. Next you need to insulate and secure the winding, you can, of course, wrap the coil with tape or tape, but it doesn’t look very good, I recommend varnish the winding in several layers.

The primary winding (L1) is made with a thicker wire, 0.6 mm or more, 5-12 turns, the frame for it is selected at least 5 mm thicker than the secondary winding.

Now let’s put together a simple circuit, the transistor can be almost any NPN, it is possible and PNP, you will only need to change the polarity of the power supply, in my case it is an imported BUT11AF (it was chosen because it was closest to the table :-), from the Russian ones KT819, KT805 are well suited.
The power supply for the camera is any 12-30V power supply with a current of 0.3A.

And so the parameters of my tesla coil:
Secondary - ~700 turns of 0.15mm wire on a 4cm frame.
Primary - 5 turns of 1.5mm wire on a 5cm frame.
Power supply – 1.2-24V with current up to 1A.

Now about the setup, we put some kind of lamp on the coil to know exactly when the kacher is working, set the resistors to the middle position, apply power, turn the resistor from positive to base, if nothing happens, you need to reverse the leads of the primary winding and repeat the operation, it should work, Now you can rotate the resistor from minus to base, stretch/compress the turns of the primary, select their number, etc.