How to draw sentence diagrams. Parsing a sentence

Why might you need a proposal outline? There are several options. For example, you need to create an outline of a sentence when parsing it syntactically.

You can also schematically depict the parts of a sentence for yourself in order to more clearly imagine its structure and trace the logic of connecting parts of a sentence to each other (relevant for complex sentences).

If we are talking about complex sentences, it is convenient to analyze sentences with the help of diagrams. different types communications. And in simple diagram helps to visualize the syntactic structure.

In general, whatever one may say, sentence patterns in the Russian language are far from useless. Now we will summarize this topic. So that you can use this article as reference material. By the way, in order to draw up diagrams correctly, it doesn’t hurt to repeat some topics on syntax. Now we will analyze example circuits and repeat them at the same time. So you will benefit twice from the article - at the same time you will receive a summary of types of sentences, punctuation marks for direct speech, homogeneous members, etc. will.

Proposal outline plan

1. Read the sentence carefully, pay attention to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, or motivating. And take note of the emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
2. Identify grammatical basics. What parts of speech are they expressed by?
3. After this, it will no longer be difficult to tell whether the sentence in front of you is simple or complex.
4. In a complex sentence, determine the boundaries of the simple ones included in it and, using a simple pencil, mark them with vertical lines. By the way, also separate participial and adverbial phrases and other types of complications with these features.
5. Underline the additional parts of the sentence (dashed line - addition, wavy line - definition and participial phrase as a whole, "dot-dash-dot" - adverbial phrase and participial phrase). What parts of speech are they represented by?
6. If you have a complex sentence with a conjunction between its parts, pay attention to the conjunctions: whether they are coordinating or subordinating.
7. The previous paragraph will help you correctly identify predicative parts complex sentence. So, parts of a complex and non-conjunctive complex sentence are equal, denote them with square brackets. Indicate the subordinate clause in a complex sentence with round brackets. Don’t forget that the union/union word must also be included in them.
8. In a complex sentence, in the main part, find a word from which you can ask a question to the subordinate clause, mark it with a cross. From the word, draw an arrow with a pencil to the subordinate clause and write down the question. It also happens that the question to the subordinate clause is posed from the entire main clause.
9. And now the next step is the scheme of a simple/complex sentence - depending on what you have. Draw a linear graphic diagram onto which you transfer all the main symbols that were previously used to outline the sentence. In particular, sentence boundaries, grammatical basics, complications, if the sentence is complicated, the connection between sentences and the arrow with the question, conjunctions and allied words.
10. Complex sentences with multiple clauses will require a vertical diagram to correctly display sequential, parallel, or homogeneous subordination. We will look at these below using specific examples.
11. The numbers above the parts of a complex sentence can indicate the levels of subordinate clauses, which will reflect their position in the complex sentence. The main sentence is not indicated in any way.

Sometimes teachers may have specific requirements. For example, in the diagram, in addition to the main ones, additional members will be indicated. In addition, there are also reverse tasks when you need to compose a sentence according to the scheme. You will find an example of such a task below.

Simple Sentence Schemes

So let's start right away with the task, no joke, level 2: we need a diagram simple sentence of the form “subject - predicate - subject”. Simple example:

At the same time, keep in mind that a simple sentence based on the presence of main members can be one- and two-part. By the presence of minor members - common and non-common (in the example above, which one?). And also based on the presence of a complete or reduced set of necessary members, sentences are divided into complete and incomplete.

When transferring the main members of the sentence to the diagram, do not let the predicates confuse you. They are:

Now let's move on to grade 5 and take on sentence patterns with inversion and other types of complications of simple sentences.

Appeal: denoted by O, the sign is separated from the rest of the sentence in the diagram by two vertical lines - │ │. The address is not a part of the sentence and only its location and the punctuation marks used during the address matter:

In the diagram with homogeneous members The latter sentences are indicated by a circle – ○, in which you can mark them syntactic role in a sentence (homogeneous additions, or circumstances, or subjects - any of possible options). Also, the conjunctions and punctuation marks associated with them are transferred to the diagram. Generalizing words are also indicated, for example, by a circle, only with a dot in the middle. And in this article we use a square - it’s more convenient for us:

Offers with introductory words: we can designate them as BB and also enclose them in two vertical lines– introductory words are not part of the sentence. Otherwise, the same aspects are important for the scheme with an introductory word as for the scheme with an appeal:

In the scheme with participial phrase, in addition to punctuation marks, indicate the word being defined. In the scheme with participial phrase And constructions with the meaning of addition and clarification– the most important thing is to indicate their place in the sentence:

You also probably remember that a simple sentence can be complicated dissociated members(some of them are already reflected in the examples above):

• separate definitions (agreed and uncoordinated, single and widespread; participial phrases also belong to this category);
• separate additions;
• isolated circumstances (gerunds, participial phrases, nouns and adverbs as adverbs).

Sentences with direct speech

The diagram of a sentence with direct speech is not at all difficult: it only indicates the boundaries of the sentence, the words of the author and the direct speech itself, as well as the punctuation marks that accompany them. Here are some examples:

Complex Sentence Schemes

And now we have finally reached the high school program. And now we’ll look at diagrams of compound and complex sentences with examples. And we will definitely consider proposals with non-union, as well as different types of communications.

Let's start with compound sentence: its parts are equal, so in the diagram we denote them with the same square brackets.

IN complex sentence The main and subordinate parts are clearly distinguished, so we denote the main part with square brackets and the subordinate part with round brackets. A subordinate clause can occupy different positions in relation to the main one: stand in front or behind it, break the main clause.

Parts non-union complex sentence are equivalent, therefore, here, too, the same square brackets are used to denote them in the diagram.

Making a diagram offers with different types of communication, it's easy to get confused. Carefully study the proposed example to avoid mistakes in the future:

Special case - complex sentence with several clauses. When drawing diagrams of subordinate clauses, they are arranged not horizontally, but vertically. Consistent submission:

Parallel subordination:

Homogeneous Subordination:

Make sentences based on these diagrams

Now, after we have examined the whole theory in such detail, it will, of course, not be difficult for you to write proposals for ready-made schemes. It's a good workout and good job to check how well the material has been learned. So don't neglect it.

1. Sentence with appeal: [ │О?│… ]?
2. Sentence with homogeneous members: [and ○, and ○, and ○ – □].
3. A sentence with a participial phrase and an introductory word: [ X, |ПЧ|, ... |ВВ| …].
4. Sentence with direct speech: “[P, – a: – P].”
5. A complex sentence with several types of connection: [...], but [...], (which...): [...].

Write us your options in the comments - at the same time you can check whether you have learned everything well and understood the diagrams. See for yourself that there is nothing extremely complicated here!

Conclusion

You have worked on a large and extensive topic. It includes knowledge from different sections of syntax: types of sentences, types of predicates, punctuation marks for homogeneous members of a sentence, direct speech, etc. If you carefully studied all the material, you could not only remember how to designate the members of a sentence in the diagram, but also repeat very important and useful rules.

And if you haven’t been too lazy to write down the sentences according to the diagrams, then you can say with complete confidence: you will face tests and exams fully armed.

Do you think this article will be useful to someone else in your class? So click on the buttons below and “share” it on social networks. And write, write in the comments - let's communicate!

blog.site, when copying material in full or in part, a link to the original source is required.

How to outline a proposal? Russian language

1. Well, where is the proposal itself? first, they usually emphasize the main parts of the sentence, highlight the conjunctions in a complex sentence...
2. where is the circuit
3. This is a diagram of the arrangement of words in a sentence: subject, predicate, secondary members of the sentence. In prev. there is a tale ===== subject ---------determining circumstances, gerund _ . _ . _.

   Or an example of parsing a complex sentence with one subordinate clause

   1) During strong storm uprooted a tall old pine tree (which is why this hole was formed).

   , (why).

   The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex with a subordinate clause. The subordinate clause refers to the whole main thing and is attached to it union word why.

4. Read the sentence, then look at its structure, whether it is simple or complex, how many parts there are, there are huge sentences that are built in blocks in the diagram... Find the main members of the sentence, homogeneous members, appeals and generalizing words. Mark all this in the diagram with the appropriate symbols. Diagram in square brackets.
5. where is the diagram!!!
6. They were needed everywhere - in the Boyar Duma and in the voivodeships, in orders and zemstvo huts, in the army and in trade. 2) Literacy has become the key to success both in economic life and in government service. 3) The growth of international relations also contributed to the development of education. Please help me create sentence diagrams

1. Loading... "ok" at the end of nouns - ending or suffix push good-natured suffix OK Written under stress: wolf-Ok, fist-Ok Suffix, of course. I already told you...
2. Loading... What role did Lenin play in the October Revolution of 1917? V.I. Ulyanov was purposeful, educated (knew several languages) (which was common - Leshy)...
3. Loading... Who is Saint Sophia? And why was a temple in Byzantium named after her? Martyrs Faith, Hope, Love and their mother Sophia Holy Martyrs Faith,...
4. Loading... What is the comedy Minor about. Briefly Guy ( main character consider) lived and studied at home, because he was richer. And the thing is that all his teachers...
5. Loading... Difference between artery and vein. Biology 8th grade Dimensions The main difference between arteries and veins is the structure of their walls. Arterial blood flows through the arteries...
6. Loading... Topic " little man"in N.V. Gogol's story "The Overcoat". Please, there is no need to write a short answer. Briefly, so briefly. The theme of a small man in this...

The proposal scheme is not just another faculty whim. Thanks to it, you can better understand the structure and specifics of a sentence and parse it faster. However, not all students know how to create a sentence diagram, considering this activity useless. But any diagram is a visual aid that allows you to understand the essence. And having understood it, you can apply this scheme to other sentences, which means you can avoid mistakes in writing in the future.

Making a proposal outline

Before you can create a graphical diagram of a sentence, you need to start by determining which parts of the sentence are words. First of all, you should determine the subject and predicate, which form its grammatical basis. Then you should distribute the remaining words among the members of the sentence, only taking into account that each of them belongs to the subject or predicate. The subject includes definitions, the predicate includes an object and a circumstance. It should also be taken into account that some words do not belong to the members of the sentence: conjunctions, interjections, inserted and introductory constructions. It may also be that several words together form one member of a sentence: participial and participial phrases. After the analysis, you will have an initial outline of the sentence, from which you only need to remove the words and leave the lines that underline the members of the sentence.

Making a diagram of a complex sentence

If with a simple sentence everything is quite easy, then a complex one confuses many. And most schoolchildren wonder how to diagram a complex sentence. If this is a complex sentence, then the diagram should reflect all the predicative parts present in it. After this, both parts need to be highlighted with square brackets, and between them put a punctuation mark and a conjunction connecting them: , and . If the sentence is complex and non-union, then we also analyze each of its parts separately, and then highlight them in square brackets.

If you need to parse a complex sentence, then in this case you should show all the relationships between the parts. Here it should be taken into account that the part that is subordinated is the main one, the one that is subordinated is the subordinate one. Thus, the main one is indicated by square brackets, while the subordinate clause is indicated by round brackets: , (which...). After studying the material, you will be able to easily create sentence diagrams, and they will tell you how to place commas correctly, and you will be able to avoid many punctuation mistakes.

When working with various texts, many people need to parse a sentence according to its composition. Carrying out such analysis usually presupposes that a person has appropriate philological knowledge that can help in the correct analysis of the text he needs. At the same time, there are also services on the network that perform sentence parsing operations online. After thoroughly studying the rules for parsing different offers Regarding the composition, I decided to present all my achievements in this article.

At the beginning, I note that the expression “parsing a sentence by composition” is somewhat incorrect, since words are usually parsed by composition, and what interests us in this case is called “syntactic parsing of a sentence.”

In this case, the specified syntactic parsing (at school it is also called “parsing by members”) is usually performed as follows:

• Decide which sentence you are analyzing based on the purpose of its statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating in nature);
• Designate emotional coloring sentences (is it exclamatory or non-exclamatory);
• Please mark the quantity grammar basics in a given sentence (if the sentence is simple, then there is one basis, if it is complex, then two or more);

If the sentence is simple:

Example of a simple sentence:

“It was an extraordinary autumn day!”

Having carried out a syntactic analysis, we can see that this sentence is declarative, exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, and not complicated.

If the sentence is complex:

• Decide on the connection in a complex sentence - union or non-union;
• Indicate the connection used in the sentence - intonation, subordinating, coordinating;
• Indicate the type of complex sentence - non-conjunctive, complex, complex.

Example of a complex sentence:

“The bouquet included roses and lilies, but she liked tulips better.”

After parsing this proposal we can see that this sentence is of a narrative nature, not exclamatory, complex, has a conjunction, compound. The first sentence here is two-part, the grammatical basis is the words “there were roses and lilies”, it is common, and is complicated by homogeneous subjects.

The second sentence in this complex sentence is two-part, its grammatical basis is the words “liked tulips”, the sentence is common and not complicated.

Services for analyzing proposals by composition online

Due to the richness of grammatical structures and the complexity of creating a powerful network tool for syntactic text analysis, the services presented on the network (of which there are few) have rather weak capabilities for conducting a full syntactic parsing of sentences. However, I would highlight the following resources:

Seosin.ru

Among the Russian-language resources for conducting semantic analysis online (de facto they are practically not represented), I would highlight the seosin.ru service. It allows you to identify syntactic and morphological errors, demonstrates the general associativity of the text, and performs other types of analysis. Unfortunately, the service does not always work stably; dysfunctions are often observed in its operation.

1. To work with this service, go to seosin.ru.
2. Enter your proposal in the appropriate window and click on “Analyze”.

Lexisrex.com

For lovers English language The powerful linguistic resource lexisrex.com can help with parsing. Its capabilities make it possible to analyze a proposal by its members. However, this site also has other auxiliary tools to carry out various types of linguistic analysis online.

1. To use this resource, log in to lexisrex.com.
2. Paste your proposal into the appropriate window and click on the “Analyze” button.

Linguist forums

When parsing sentences online, you can turn to the help of the “human factor” and go to various linguist forums (level gramota.turbotext.ru, rusforus.ru and analogues). Register there, ask your question, and they will definitely help you.

Conclusion

Network resources that allow you to analyze proposals by composition are rather scarce, which is associated with the difficulties of creating such resources. However, there are several such tools online (most of them are in English) that make it easy to carry out the text analysis we need. Use the functionality of these services to parse the necessary sentences and conduct parsing online.

This article will talk about how to correctly create a proposal outline. Who needs it? Everyone without exception. If short posts or comments in social networks and instant messengers, you can write without knowing the Russian language (which is what many people are into), but when writing articles for your own blogs, you must be guided by these rules. After all, it is much more pleasant and understandable for users visiting your websites and blogs to read competent speech that attracts attention and keeps them on the page. And, of course, correct preparation of proposals is very important for people holding senior public or commercial positions - literacy increases trust on the part of visitors, partners and clients. And in order for sentences to sound correct and beautiful, they must be composed according to certain patterns. This material will also help schoolchildren and students prepare for exams or complete homework assignments.

Action Plan for Proposal Outlining

In order to correctly compose a sentence diagram, you must follow a certain algorithm of actions:

• Carefully consider the written proposal;
• Determine what type it belongs to by the intonation and purpose of the statement;
• Find the basis main idea sentences carrying important information(subject and predicate);

Simple and complex sentences

• By the number of stems, determine whether the sentence is simple (with one stem) or complex (with two or more stems);

How to determine the number of parts in a complex sentence

• Use perpendicular lines to separate the boundaries of simple sentences (you can also highlight participial/adverbial phrases and other complications);
• Underline the parts of the sentence with appropriate lines;

Legend members of the proposal

• Determine the presence and nature union communications between fragments of a complex sentence (subordinating or coordinating) - if defined correctly, you will understand what type of sentence you are dealing with;
• Place simple sentences in rectangular brackets, since they are equivalent fragments of compound or non-conjunctive compounds;

Rectangular brackets to indicate simple and complex sentences

• Place subordinate clauses included in the complex structure in parentheses;

Parentheses to indicate subordinate clauses

• Carefully study the complex sentence and put a question from the word in the main fragment (over which draw a cross) to the subordinate clause; Draw an arrow from this word to the subordinate clause and write a question above it.

Parsing a simple sentence

All the information collected during the study process makes it possible to correctly draw up a proposal outline. After completing all of the above steps, the moment comes when you can start drawing the diagram itself. Write down from your sentence in order all the signs that were used to distinguish simple sentences, highlight phrases (adverbial and participial), grammatical basics, questions and arrows to the subordinate clause from the main one, and other complications. Collect all this data in a line graph. When it is necessary to parse a complex sentence that has several subordinate clauses, then to correctly display the subordination, a vertical graphic diagram is also necessary (it will be discussed below). The numbers indicate the degrees of subordinate clauses - by them you can determine their place in the composition of sentences, while the main thing does not have any designations.

If you are a schoolchild or student, you may encounter a situation where teachers require you to mark the secondary clauses along with the main clauses on the diagram. It is also possible that a new proposal must be drawn up according to the proposed scheme. If you approach the matter carefully, these actions will not hinder you.

Making a plan for a simple proposal

We need to put together a simple sentence diagram. Let's not go far, let's take an example from primary classes:

Simple sentence diagram

This sentence is two-part - it has two main members. There are also one-part sentences in which the main member is only one of the two. If a sentence does not have minor members, then it is not widespread (“Poems were born”), but if it does, then it is widespread (as presented above). Also, sentences have incomplete or full view(depending on whether the necessary members are included in the configuration - reduced or full). Avoid mistakes with predicates when drawing up a graphic sentence diagram:

• compound nominal predicates – Danielwill be an athlete;
• simple – Danielswam;
• compound verbs – Danielwanted to swim.

Simple sentence with homogeneous members

Homogeneous members are displayed in a graphical diagram using circles. These circles indicate their role in the syntax of a sentence: definitions, predicates, etc.

The circles reflect the roles homogeneous members offers

With introductory words or appeal

Introductory words are indicated by the letters “ВВ”, separated from the rest of the parts in the diagram by two vertical lines and necessarily by the punctuation marks that surround them in the sentence.

Introductory words in a sentence

The same rules apply to requests as to introductory words, only instead of the letters “BB” “O” are used.

Appeal in a proposal

With adverbial or participial phrases

To highlight phrases that include gerunds (DO) or participles (PO), the diagram uses the same punctuation marks as to delimit them in a sentence.

Participial phrase on the diagram

How to create a sentence diagram with direct speech

In the diagram, direct speech is highlighted as follows:

• the boundaries of the proposal are highlighted;
• the letter “A” is used to denote author’s words, and “P” is used for direct speech;
• punctuation marks are added.

Direct speech in a sentence

How to outline a complex sentence

Fragments of a complex non-conjunctive and complex sentence are in an equal position, therefore rectangular brackets are used to designate them.

Complex sentence on the diagram
Non-union complex sentence on a graphic diagram

Rectangular brackets are used to indicate the main part in a complex sentence, and round brackets are used to indicate a subordinate clause. Moreover subordinate clause can stand anywhere: behind, at the beginning, and even in the middle of the main thing.

Rectangular brackets are for main clauses, round brackets are for subordinate clauses

Before drawing up a proposal plan, the source material must be carefully studied so that there are no difficulties with various types communications. It happens that such sentences contain an important idea that is easy to lose when trying to simplify the text and rearrange parts.

How to create a complex sentence diagram with multiple clauses

In order to correctly display sentences that have several subordinate clauses, a vertical diagram is used:

“We learned that a hurricane was coming that could destroy everything on the coast.” (sequential submission):

[…],

↓what?

(What …)

↓which one?

(which …).

“When we were already approaching the city, Daniil squinted to get a better look at the surroundings.” (parallel submission):

[…],

↓when? ↓why?

(when...), (to...).

“We are very glad that you came, that you are with us today, that you like it here.” (homogeneous submission):

[…],

↓what? ↓what? ↓what?

(what...), (what...), (what...).

The main purpose of this article is to help you remember school rules for the Russian language and remind you of the main points, observing which you can easily construct a diagram of any sentence.