What role does the short form of adjectives play in the language? Syntactic role of parts of speech
Denoting a sign of an object, this part of speech makes human speech figurative and accurate.
In total there are three qualitative, relative and possessive. Each of these groups has its own characteristics and functions, which we will not dwell on in this article. Let's talk in detail about such a form - full or short.
Short forms of adjectives and their features
Actually, the presence of a "truncated" version is that "litmus test" that determines the type of adjective. Possessive and relative do not have this hypostasis. In the form of a fickle, it is present only in quality ones.
Today, the short form of adjectives, although it exists, is becoming less common every year.
Few people know that in the Proto-Slavic language, adjectives did not have a complete
Forms, it was formed much later. Recall the examples from the Fairy Tale, proverbs and sayings give us many such examples: “Mila is not white”, “beautiful girl”, “good fellows”, etc.
The short form of adjectives can be close in lexical meaning to the full one. They differ only in questions and endings. For example: children (what?) obedient (full f.), children (what?) obedient (cr. f.)
But the short form of adjectives sometimes differs from its full equivalent in meaning. So, the word "sick" indicates the present, and "sick" indicates a more permanent sign. Sometimes forms of the same word generally have a different interpretation.
- The weather has been clear for a week now.
- The task became clear after talking with colleagues.
In the second case, we see an obvious metaphor that does not have a direct semantic parallel with the first word. Also, the short form of adjectives may indicate an excessive manifestation of a trait:
- motley (colorful) parrot;
- clothes are colorful (very bright, attracting attention).
Some words are generally used only in a short form: "glad", "ready", "capable" and so on. This is due to the fact that these lexemes have lost their semantic connection with their full counterparts.
Unlike adjectives in full form, short adjectives often specify the sign in connection with the circumstance of its manifestation:
- short haircut (any person can have it);
- trousers are short (to a specific person).
short adjectives
In the sentence, the "truncated" form acts exclusively as a compound nominal predicate. While full adjectives can be almost any member of a sentence, short ones have only one role:
Oak is mighty (cr.f. - predicate)
A mighty (full. f. - definition) oak stands under the window.
The short form of the adjective can carry a verb copula, which most often indicates time:
She was chatty. (past time)
The wall will be strong. (weekday)
As we can see, the role of short adjectives in the language is quite large. Firstly, they can express both lexical shades of the full form, and exist independently, denoting a separate concept. Secondly, the presence or possibility of forming this form indicates that we have a qualitative adjective. Thirdly, the syntactic role of such words is unambiguous - in a sentence they perform the function of a predicate.
1). general conversation
What part of a sentence can an adjective be?
Give examples from homework:
a) definition;
b) full adjective and short adjective.
Definition: On the other side, and the spring is not red.
Silly is the bird that dislikes its nest.
2). Independent work on the table
I option
Enter in the table the number of the sentence, where the predicate is expressed in full
adjective (#2).
II option
Enter in the table the number of the sentence, where the predicate is expressed by a short adjective.
Ш option
Enter in the table number one sentence, where the adjective is a definition.
Whoever finishes the fastest, find a sentence that matches the scheme:
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3). Key operation check(posted on a magnetic board) -
check themselves.
Raise your hand if you're wrong.
Conclusion about the syntactic role of the adjective.
4). Test on the topic "Adjective name" and check by key(change notebooks). The key is posted on a magnetic board.
I option
I. Find an adjective
1. Tree.
2. Wooden.
3. Wood.
4. Get stiff.
5. Woody..
II. Write off, adding endings, indicate the gender and case of adjectives
about green ... juicy ... grass across a wide ... collective farm ... field
fragrant ... spring ... flowers across a cloudless ... sky
III. Find adjectives with the letter "o" after the hissing and "c" at the end
1. Alien ... th person.
2. Fresh bread.
3. Elder ... brother.
4. Pain .. of the city.
5. Good evaluation.
IV. Find simple adjectives with a sibilant stem, write them down
3. Hot…
4. Good…
1. Round, not a month, yellow, not butter, with a tail, not a mouse.
2. A true friend will be a friend in a century.
3. And lumpy, and puffy, and soft, and brittle, but sweeter than everyone.
4. Toothy, not biting.
5. The house is shaking on a golden pillar.
VI. Find errors in the use of full and short forms of adjectives
1. The puppy was hungry and unhappy.
2. The bridge across the river was narrow and shaky.
3. The dog's eyes were bright red, lively and serious.
4. Their gaze was firm, trusting and penetrating.
I option
I. Find an adjective
2. Forest.
3. Forestry
II Write off, adding endings, indicate the gender and case of adjectives Along a good ... country ... road; to a steep ... rocky ... coast; in a far... siberian... town; high ... the harvest is frosty ... at night.
Sh. Find adjectives with the letter "o" after the hissing at the end
1. Hot spring.
2. Big ... bags.
3. Alien ... notebooks.
4. Clumsy ... th bear cub.
5. Thorny ... th plant.
V. Find short adjectives with a sibilant stem, write them down
3. Brilliant...
4. A lot of clouds...
5. Squeaky...
V. Find sentences with short adjectives
1. Who is neat, he is pleasant to people.
2. Transparent like glass, not stick in the window.
3. Chatter is both red and colorful, but empty.
4. Sir, but not a wolf, long-eared, but not a hare, with hooves, but not a horse.
5. The enemy is lively, but our people are persistent.
Key: I - 2; II-; III - 2.3; IV - 3.5; V - 1,3,4.
III option
I. Find an adjective
2. Sleepy.
4. Sleepy.
5. Dream interpretation.
Russian language lesson in grade 3
Subject: The role of the adjective in a sentence. Definition.
Lesson type: a lesson in mastering new knowledge and skills.
Target: familiarization of students with the syntactic role of adjectives in a sentence.
Lesson Objectives:
Form the concept of the syntactic role of the adjective in the sentence.
Develop the skills of syntactic analysis of the sentence, spelling vigilance, memory.
Raise interest in reading poetry.
Methods: verbal, visual, partially - search, practical, independent work.
Forms: frontally - collective, individual, collective, in groups.
Equipment: writing on the board, table "Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence", diagram, textbook.
During the classes
Organizing time.
Emotional mood.
Look, my friend, in the window,
what a good day!
Like summer, the sun is shining
The wind is a gentle passerby.
And come to my class today
also the rays ran in,
And laugh and play
and not at all tired!
Let this mood
will last the entire lesson.
SayNo, friends of idleness,
let the lesson be useful to us!
“You are talented children, someday you yourself will be pleasantly surprised how smart you are, how much and how well you know how, if you constantly work on yourself, set new goals and strive to achieve them!”
Today I wish you to be convinced of the correctness of the words of the French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Checking homework.
Definition of an adjective.
Guess the part of speech:
With me, your speech is beautiful and accurate,
When I am not, she is, alas, poor.
People, animals, the world of feelings, concepts, any thing.
With an inflorescence of marvelous words, I can easily determine!
What do you know about adjectives?
(students remember everything they know about the adjective:
what questions does it answer, what does it mean,
what speech is, how it changes.
What does it agree with, what role does it play in speech).
Answer plan (slide 6)
What is called an adjective?
How do adjectives change?
Used in speech... (adjectives are synonyms, adjectives are antonyms)
Definition.
Generalization: (slide 7)
independent part of speech.
Indicates the attribute of an object.
Answers the questions: Which one? Which? Which? Which?
Updating of basic knowledge.
Group work.
Group 1 "Winter" - write out adjectives in groups:
m. r., w. R. with. R.
white green cold
fluffy tender yellow
first small bright
pl. number: high, soft
Group 2 Spring "- pick up antonyms
White black
curve - straight
Long short
Hot Cold
Fat - thin (thin)
soft - hard
Satisfied - hungry
Group 3 "Summer" - replace repeated adjectives with synonyms
Group 4 "Autumn" - "collect" a sentence, draw a picture.
There was a lot of fluffy snow on the roof of the hut.
Fizminutka
"Nose Drawing" (exercise to strengthen the muscles of the neck)
Close your eyes and imagine that the nose has become long.
Write the word yellow with your nose. What does yellow mean?
(the color of warmth, joy, tranquility ..)
" Far close" (Exercise to strengthen the eye muscles).
Quickly look for an object with your eyes.
(window, notebook, board, textbook, door, desk, ceiling, pen)
Breathing exercises.
On the count of 1, 2, 3, 4 deep breath,
on 1, 2, 3, 4 - stop breathing,
1,2,3,4 - slow exhalation.
Work on the topic of the lesson.
Making a notebook for dictation from the board. (slide 16)
A minute of calligraphy
Dictionary work "Riddles"
Answers are written in a notebook (writing on the board)
* Inside scarlet sugar,caftan green velvet.(watermelon)
* Long green in the garden, and yellow salty in the tub. (cucumber)
* It is bitter in haymaking, and sweet in frost. What is a berry?(Rowan)
* A ripe fragrant berry grows in a forest clearing.(strawberry)
* Alenka is standing: a green scarf, a thin camp, a white sundress.(Birch)
* Dense grasses entangled, meadows curled up, and I myself am all curly, even with a curl of a horn.(ram)
*Motley itself, eats green, gives white.(cow)
* A little boy in a gray Armenian coat darts around the yards, collecting crumbs.(sparrow)
* A blue airplane landed on a yellow dandelion.(dragonfly)
* Fluffy cotton wool floats somewhere.(cloud)
* Itself is wooden, and the head is iron.(a hammer)
Check yourself: (slide 30)
4. Introduction to the new topic of the lesson:
Creative work: “Compose - ka” (slide 31)
The cold snowy winter has come. Light snow is falling from the sky. He wrapped a small green Christmas tree in a soft fluffy blanket. A huge snowdrift has grown under an old large pine tree. Beautiful forest in winter!
Fill in the missing adjectives;
Determine the case of adjectives;
- 1,2 sentences - perform syntactic analysis, determine which part of the sentence is the adjective? - (new topic - teacher explains)
So, the ADJECTIVE DEFINITION is a sign of an object!
How can you call the member of the sentence that determines the attribute of the subject?
DEFINITION.
Let's determine which part of the sentence are adjectives.
What are your assumptions?
- we know:
(we already know the subject - this is a noun - who ?, what ?,
the predicate is the verb - what does it do?)
Adjectives are secondary members of a sentence.
Conclusion: The adjective in the sentence is a minor member of the sentence -definition. Emphasized by a wavy line.
5.Reading the rule on page 132
Check yourself: Checking the assimilation of the studied material.
- Logic dictation. (put a + sign if you agree with the statement;
sign - if you do not agree with the statement;)
1. adjective is part of a word;
2. adjective answer the questions who? what? ;
3. an adjective denotes a sign of an object;
4. adjective changes by gender;
5. adjectives are only masculine or feminine;
6. adjective does not change in numbers;
7. adjectives are secondary members of the sentence;
8. the adjective in the sentence is a minor member - definition;
9. The masculine adjective has endings - oi, - oi, - ij;
10. The feminine adjective has endings - aya, - ya;
Mutual check
VI. Summing up the lesson.
What part of speech did we talk about and consolidate our knowledge?
What part of a sentence can an adjective be?
How is an adjective used in a sentence?
Reflection.
Today at the lesson we did a lot of tasks together, working in groups and pairs. (clap)
How do you rate your work? pair work? group work? (clap)
I think that you are convinced that you are talented and smart children. You just need to learn how to apply your knowledge correctly. Good luck in achieving your goals! Thank you for the lesson!
VII. Lesson grades with comments.
VIII.Homework.
1. General Provisions
1.1. In order to maintain business reputation and ensure compliance with the norms of federal legislation, the FSAI GNII ITT Informika (hereinafter referred to as the Company) considers it the most important task to ensure the legitimacy of the processing and security of personal data of subjects in the Company's business processes.
1.2. To solve this problem, the Company has introduced, operates and undergoes periodic review (control) of the personal data protection system.
1.3. The processing of personal data in the Company is based on the following principles:
The legality of the purposes and methods of processing personal data and good faith;
Compliance of the purposes of processing personal data with the purposes predetermined and declared during the collection of personal data, as well as the powers of the Company;
Compliance of the volume and nature of the processed personal data, methods of processing personal data with the purposes of processing personal data;
Reliability of personal data, their relevance and sufficiency for the purposes of processing, inadmissibility of processing excessive in relation to the purposes of collecting personal data;
Legitimacy of organizational and technical measures to ensure the security of personal data;
Continuous improvement of the level of knowledge of the Company's employees in the field of ensuring the security of personal data during their processing;
Striving for continuous improvement of the personal data protection system.
2. Purposes of personal data processing
2.1. In accordance with the principles of personal data processing, the Company defines the composition and purposes of processing.
Purposes of personal data processing:
Conclusion, support, amendment, termination of labor contracts, which are the basis for the emergence or termination of labor relations between the Company and its employees;
Providing a portal, personal account services for students, parents and teachers;
Storage of learning outcomes;
Fulfillment of obligations stipulated by federal legislation and other regulatory legal acts;
3. Rules for the processing of personal data
3.1. The Company processes only those personal data that are presented in the approved List of personal data processed in the FSAI GNII ITT "Informika"
3.2. The Company does not allow the processing of the following categories of personal data:
Race;
Political views;
Philosophical beliefs;
About the state of health;
The state of intimate life;
Nationality;
Religious beliefs.
3.3. The Company does not process biometric personal data (information that characterizes the physiological and biological characteristics of a person, on the basis of which it is possible to establish his identity).
3.4. The Company does not carry out cross-border transfer of personal data (transfer of personal data to the territory of a foreign state to an authority of a foreign state, a foreign individual or a foreign legal entity).
3.5. The Company prohibits making decisions regarding personal data subjects based solely on automated processing of their personal data.
3.6. The Company does not process data on criminal records of subjects.
3.7. The Company does not place the subject's personal data in public sources without his prior consent.
4. Implemented requirements for ensuring the security of personal data
4.1. In order to ensure the security of personal data during their processing, the Company implements the requirements of the following regulatory documents of the Russian Federation in the field of processing and ensuring the security of personal data:
Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ “On Personal Data”;
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 1, 2012 N 1119 "On approval of the requirements for the protection of personal data during their processing in personal data information systems";
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 15, 2008 No. 687 “On approval of the Regulations on the specifics of the processing of personal data carried out without the use of automation tools”;
Order of the FSTEC of Russia dated February 18, 2013 N 21 "On approval of the Composition and content of organizational and technical measures to ensure the security of personal data during their processing in personal data information systems";
The basic model of personal data security threats during their processing in personal data information systems (approved by the Deputy Director of the FSTEC of Russia on February 15, 2008);
Methodology for determining actual threats to the security of personal data during their processing in personal data information systems (approved by the Deputy Director of the FSTEC of Russia on February 14, 2008).
4.2. The Company assesses the harm that may be caused to personal data subjects and determines threats to the security of personal data. In accordance with the identified actual threats, the Company applies the necessary and sufficient organizational and technical measures, including the use of information security tools, detection of unauthorized access, recovery of personal data, establishment of rules for access to personal data, as well as monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the measures taken.
4.3. The Company has appointed persons responsible for organizing the processing and ensuring the security of personal data.
4.4. The management of the Company is aware of the need and is interested in ensuring that both in terms of the requirements of regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, and justified in terms of risk assessment for business, the level of security of personal data processed as part of the core business of the Company.
Topic: Adjective as a part of speech. The syntactic role of an adjective in a sentence.
Goal: Know:
Morphological features of the adjective
Its syntactic function in a sentence
Roles of the adjective in the text
Use adjectives in speech
Determine the morphological features of the adjective
Syntactic role in a sentence
Expand:
Information about the function of an adjective in a sentence
During the classes
IOrganizing time
II Checking d / z
IIILinguistic warm-up
1. What groups can these words be divided into? Underline one of the groups with one line.
Root, prefix, verb, suffix, pronoun, adjective, ending, noun.
The root, prefix, suffix, ending are parts of the word (morphemes).
Verb, pronoun, adjective, noun are parts of speech.
2. Find an extra word in a group of words, underline it with one line:
1) definition, circumstance, subject,
2) adjective, predicate, object.
The adjective is a part of speech.
IVLearning new material
1. Work with text
What bird are you talking about?
How did you define it?
What words helped you recognize the woodpecker, although the name of the bird is never mentioned in the text? What questions do they answer? (adjectives)
What part of speech are the words with which such an accurate and expressive description of the bird is given?
What words do they explain? (nouns)
2. Riddles
Himself scarlet, sugar,
caftan green,
velvet. (Watermelon)
Golden sieve of blacks
full of houses: how many
black houses -
so many white tenants. (sunflower)
What words help us solve riddles? (Names are adjectives.)
3. Poetic five-minute
What adjectives help the poet to figuratively draw a birch? Underline all adjectives in the text with a wavy line.
Such a means of expressive speech is called an epithet.
Disassemble the adjective sad. Choose synonyms for it, and then antonyms.
Write out from the text three phrases “adjective + noun” (with different nouns). Determine the number, gender, case of adjectives. What do they depend on?
White birch - singular, female, im.p.
On fluffy branches - pl., pr.p.
New silver - unit, s.r., tv.p.
4 Game "Make a word"
Compose a word by first completing a series of actions.
1. Take a prefix from a word that is a definition in a sentence It rained endlessly.
2. Add the subject of the sentence Fear took possession of him.
3. Add an adjective suffix charming and adjective ending red.
Got the word Fearless x/w
What phonetic phenomenon did you encounter?
Why is there two letters in this word?
Disassemble the word by composition.
5. Syntactic Five Minute
Sort sentences by sentence members:
Fearless birds bravely defended the swallow's nest.
The water in the lake is cold.
What is the syntactic role of an adjective in a sentence?
Definition, predicate.
What questions do adjectives answer? What are the adjectives that answer the question whose?
The possession of an object by someone.
6. Lexical work
Read the sentences and find definitions. Which of them show only the quality and property of the subject. And what else expresses the feelings of a person?
1. A rather boring time was approaching. (A. Pushkin)
2. Silk herbs will vanish. (S. Yesenin)
3. A yellow leaf flashes on the green of trees. (N.Grekov)
4. Our poor garden is crumbling. (A. Tolstoy)
Conclusion: adjectives can show not only the qualities and properties of an object, but also express a person’s feelings, his impressions of an object.