Physical contact with a child.
Whether to wear, for example, a baby in your arms? What if he then grows up spoiled, as the grandmother says? You want to hug and caress the baby, but to what extent are "veal tendernesses" acceptable? Should I sleep with my baby or is it better to sleep separately? At what age does the baby need the closest possible contact with his mother, and when is it time to learn independence?
Should you carry the baby in your arms?
About this very serious problem, the famous Dr. Spock writes the following: “The child wants to be carried in the arms, because he is used to it and considers it his right. When the mother sits down to rest a little, he looks at her angrily, as if saying: “Woman, work!”. Thus, in order not to spoil the child, Spock suggests that physical contact be kept to a minimum.
But on the other hand, in infancy, it is bodily contact that is the main form of cognition of the world. The child receives the maximum amount of information through the body, feeling and tasting everything that comes to his hand.
Irina, mother of five-month-old Lenochka: “I give my daughter a new rattle, I talk about how red it is and how loud it rings. But the child immediately puts it in his mouth and licks it, despite all my protests.
This is completely normal behavior for infant. His thinking has not yet been formed, his vision is not focused enough, so the world appears to him not in objects familiar to us (which we can name and remember), but in some blurred complex of sensations. For example, a mother is associated in a child with a certain smell, taste, warmth.
In order for a child to receive enough of these sensations in infancy, he must have as many different bodily contacts as possible, impressions of taste, smell, touch. Body contact helps the baby to recognize the boundaries of his own body and the boundaries of other objects.
The importance of physical contact cannot be overestimated for the emotional development of a child. What do you think would be better to soothe a crying baby - if the mother takes him in her arms, hugs him and strokes him, or if it is purely mechanical stimulation, like the now popular mobile above the crib? And an older child, having hit, runs to his mother, so that she would take pity and caress him. Yes, and an adult in a difficult moment sometimes needs to “cry in his vest” - what is this if not an intuitive search for the same bodily contact? A contact that can protect, warm, soothe...
It is from the lack of this contact that the children in the orphanages suffer the most. If you go there, then soon you will be literally surrounded by children from all sides, who, more than anything else, want to snuggle up to a reliable adult hand.
American scientist G.-F. Harlow in the 1960s interesting experiments with baby monkeys. To little weaned monkeys, he offered two artificial "mothers": one of them was warm and furry, and the other was made of wire frame structures. Both "mothers" were supplied with bottles from which the monkeys could suck milk. Baby monkeys gave a strong preference for the first "mother". But even more surprising is that when the warm and fluffy “mother” was deprived of a bottle of milk, the monkeys still chose her. Therefore, warm bodily sensations mean more to babies than feeding itself!
Tactile contact is also associated with another problem that sooner or later confronts all parents:
How to put the baby to sleep?
Dr. Spock approaches this question quite harshly: “The child must understand that he will not achieve anything by waking up and crying. This can usually be achieved in 2-3 nights by letting him cry and not going near him. On the first night, he will cry for 20-30 minutes (it will seem to you much longer), on the second - 10 minutes, and on the third he will not cry at all.
Spock's followers went even further. Once, in one of the parenting magazines a couple of years ago, I came across an article in which parents were promised to be taught how to cope with nighttime awakenings of the child. To do this, with an accuracy of 30 seconds, the time that needs to be waited before approaching the crying baby- on his first awakening, for example, it was suggested to wait 15 minutes, come for 2 minutes, on the second - to wait 13.5 minutes and come for 1.5 minutes, etc. I had the feeling that in front of me was an algorithm for some kind of computer program, and not advice for living parents.
However, many parents believe that at 7-8 months the child should already fall asleep on his own. The situation is complicated by the fact that it is at this age that the baby has an increased need to be with his mother, he needs to spend as much time as possible in her arms. At this age, the image of the mother is formed, when the child begins to distinguish her from other people, but so far the image of the mother is not stored in his memory. Therefore, he has a special need for her presence. But it seems to parents that their child has already grown enough and "insolent".
But the impressions of the child, however, are already quite adult.
Sergey, 36 years old: “Once, during a psychotherapy session, I managed to remember my far, far infancy. I lay, tightly swaddled over my arms and legs, and screamed from hunger. I felt my complete helplessness, despair, horror, and thought, choking with a cry (I still thought not in words, but in some images): what should I do, when will they finally come to me ... ".
Try to understand your baby. Believe me, he does this not to spite you. Having lost his mother from sight, he is not yet sure that she will ever return back. Or maybe she left for good?
In this case, often the baby, as it seems, actively does not want to sleep and tries to resist it with all his might. The fact is that while he has not yet formed the idea that after sleep he will wake up. Every falling asleep for him is a small death.
Therefore, the baby does not understand your educational measures at all. Mom disappeared (for a while or forever?), and the dark space is not at all conducive to calming down after 10-20 minutes of crying allotted by Dr. Spock. In the end, the child falls silent, but not because he has calmed down, but because exhaustion has set in, and he no longer has the strength to cry.
Sleeping in parent's bed
American pediatricians William and Martha Serz first announced the need for the so-called. style of rapprochement between the child and parents. The convergence style suggests that the baby sleeps with the parents. While the child is very small, it is really convenient. Mom does not need to get up to feed him at night, she does this, sometimes almost without waking up, and the baby does not suffer from loneliness, feeling her mother's warmth, her smell next to her.
However, co-sleeping is not suitable for some children and parents.
I have twins. From the very beginning, I realized that co-sleeping was not for us. Being surrounded by babies on both sides, I could not sleep at all. But it can be uncomfortable for some anxious mothers to sleep even with one child. She is afraid, having fallen asleep soundly, to crush or damage the baby.
The best option is if the child wants and if there is a need for it (he cries, does not sleep in his crib), you can take him in yourself. If he sleeps peacefully alone, you can make up for tactile contact with him at other times. At the very beginning of life, co-sleeping is important for the baby, but then it is better to gradually wean from this habit and prepare the child for a gradual separation from you. It is important that by the age of three the child sleeps in his own crib. After three years, co-sleeping with a boy's mother or a girl's father is fraught with difficulties in the child's sexual formation. By the age of two, it is desirable that the child is not present at the sexual relations of the parents, even if it seems to you that he is fast asleep. Accidentally seen sexual intercourse is often perceived by the baby as aggression, leaving fear in his soul for a long time.
The style of rapprochement, as wonderful as it may seem, has its pitfalls. Many children raised by this method experience some difficulty in emotional development, adaptation in kindergarten, school, communication with peers. It is very difficult for them to learn to wait - after all, all their needs are instantly satisfied. Often there is a hypertrophied attachment to the mother, it is more difficult for them than for other children to part with her. Here is one such example.
Ksyusha grew up, literally not looking up from her mother. Mom found a kindergarten for her with a soft parenting style, where she was allowed to stay with her daughter for the first time. In kindergarten, Ksyusha hid behind her mother all the time, literally and figuratively held on to her skirt, did not leave her a single step, avoided any contact with both children and adults. This went on for three months. In the end, the teachers asked my mother to leave. Gradually, the girl began to get used to the team. But if she eventually managed to establish contact with children, then it is still very difficult for her to interact with adults.
Too good is also not good
What happens when the style of rapprochement is elevated to some kind of absolute? Based on the fact that nature is wise and fair, are we offered to build parent-child relationships on the principle of a monkey family?
Our society is not a monkey tribe, after all. Therefore, for better or worse, the laws of nature, according to which monkeys live, do not always fit into the culture of modern life. In animals, developmental periods are much shorter than in humans. At first, the cub really hangs on the mother, not coming off. But soon he begins an independent study of the territory. The tribal community among animals (as, indeed, among primitive tribes) is quite large. And when the cub gets off the mother, other adult females or young “teenager” monkeys begin to take care of it. No cub is surrounded close attention of the entire tribe, and there is not a single tribe that lives only for the sake of this cub.
In our culture (especially the culture of big cities), the child often occupies a central place in the family, becomes a kind of "baby of the Earth." When a child grows up, this concentration of attention around him often infringes on the freedom of his development (he does not try to crawl, walk, explore the world on his own), his contacts with others are somewhat limited, and therefore the baby has difficulty entering the children's team.
If all the desires of the baby are instantly guessed and fulfilled, he does not have the experience of waiting for some kind of joy, there is no need to fight. A mother who tries to protect her child from the negative emotions caused by vigorous activity often deprives him of this very activity. But it is precisely healthy frustration that causes the need to cope with problems and difficulties in one way or another.
When the mother is always present in the field of view of the baby, he does not need to keep her image in memory.
Sometimes parents say that the baby cries at the slightest attempt to put it down. It is important to consider two points here:
- The baby may have increased neurological excitability or serious pain syndromes (severe colic, for example). In this case, you need to look for the cause of constant crying and, as far as possible, eliminate it.
- Parents are used to carrying the baby on themselves, and he is also used to it. In this case, it is worth trying to take the crumbs with some other interesting activity.
When a child grows up, constant bodily contact limits his freedom. Often, knowing how to crawl and walk, the baby is afraid to break away from his mother in order to go on an independent journey, and prefers to be in his arms. The image of the mother has not been preserved in his memory, and therefore the baby is afraid to separate from her. His calmness is possible only with close tactile contact.
The constant carrying of the child in her arms is difficult for the mother. It is hard physically - a grown child is very noticeable for the spine, and emotionally. After all, no mother is able to maintain emotional communication twenty-four hours a day. Therefore, such “wearing on oneself” often replaces a normal emotional connection, which includes eye contact, dialogue, children's games, etc. Often the baby is in the arms of the mother, but the mother is not with him (she reads, cooks, sits at the computer, etc.). It is possible that if at this moment the child played next to the toys or explored the contents of the cupboards, this would be much more useful for him.
Is it easy to adapt to the world?
Our community is quite different from the one a baby monkey is being prepared for. He does not need to adapt to strict educators and teachers, a capricious boss, etc. From a hothouse home environment, a human cub finds itself in a rather harsh society with its own laws and rules, where it is no longer the most beloved, best, unambiguously accepted.
In order to be able to adapt to this society by the age of four or five, the child must gain some experience of adaptation, ways of communicating with strangers, conquering his own territory. He needs to get used to the fact that he may not be "the very best ...", otherwise the difference between home and outside worlds fall on the baby's head like a bolt from the blue.
How can you help your child adjust?
Instead of dropping everything and running at the first call, try to explain to the child why you are making him wait, that after he waits a little, you will definitely be able to do something interesting together.
Try to include the baby in some joint (or parallel) activity: set the table together, do laundry, etc. For example, he can engage in such attractive pots, bowls, spoons. And when you wash, let your little one bathe her chrysalis or duck.
A system of some kind of prohibition is also needed. Try not to have too many of them, but that they be clear, firm and always respected.
Do not be afraid that the child sometimes feels your fatigue. Do not overpower yourself by pretending that everything is in order, your emotional response will still not be natural. It is much better if your baby has an experience of empathy, sympathy.
In a word, it is impossible to artificially create naturalness. Dr. Spock, while giving parents some very reasonable advice, at the same time tries too early to adjust the child to the idea of \u200b\u200bregime and a strict routine - from the very first days of life. Of course, the baby will have to enter the culture of the society in which he lives, but this must be done gradually and gently.
At the same time, such a seemingly natural style of rapprochement, elevated to an absolute, sometimes makes parents give up their own needs, concentrating on the child, which ultimately does not look quite natural.
And choosing the golden mean between a tough regime and the “call of nature”, remember that the main thing is your sensitive parental heart, intuition and common sense.
Inessa Smyk, Daria Golubeva
According to the materials of the magazine "Liza. My child"
Previously, signs of spring for me, along with a drop, a warm breeze and timid city grass, were, oddly enough, weight loss products. An army of novelties promising to carve out an ideal out of us in a matter of weeks has been filling the cabinets in the editorial office since the end of winter. From the abundance of gels, mousses, creams, serums to combat cellulite, drainage and firming, rippled in the eyes.
Top, zara; swimsuit briefs, liu jo; watch, Ice-Watch; bracelet, Stella Rittwagen; bracelet, Oysho
A PHOTOEveryone in the ELLE editorial team was skeptically arguing in chorus on the topic: “Does it work?” And one by one, in a whisper, they asked me to put aside “which is more effective.” Behind each slimming cream was a piece of a dream, an indulgence after eating a chocolate bar, dreams of an upcoming vacation and a host of other positive emotions.
Taboo on the body
But in the last couple of years, the spring beauty-mood has been steadily spoiling us. This is not only about prolonged Moscow frosts, but also about the almost complete absence of body-new products. Has the cosmetics industry, which over the past ten years made a tremendous leap in facial care and created drugs that really rejuvenate the skin, has given in to cellulite and other body problems?
Tonic cream, Santa Maria Novella; sugar scrub, Payot; slimming cream Masvelt, Clarins; skin radiance emulsion British Rose, The Body Shop; anti-cellulite gel Amande, L'Occitane
A PHOTO Alena PolosukhinaBut what about the evidence of the effectiveness of the funds that we were proudly presented every time? Remember: “-5 cm in volume after a month of use”, “smooth skin without the slightest sign of cellulite”, “lifting the buttocks (breast) by 1-2-3 cm” and other alluring promises? There is something to think about in anticipation of the beach season.
Took a break
Representatives of brands, of course, deny everything. Most of them cite stable body lines in their catalog that are so perfect that they don't require intervention. “This marketing race for new products has become tedious and dangerous,” Clarins president Christian Courtin-Clarence told me in an interview. - It forces many brands to be phased out good drugs, replacing them with dubious "innovative" means.
Body-News in last years Hardly ever. Did the cosmetic giants give in to cellulite?
Why doubtful? It's just that at the speed with which the catalog of some brands is updated today, the laboratories do not have time to create something really effective. That's why Clarins, a company considered the uncrowned queen of body care, doesn't get new products very often. And if their composition is updated, then after many years of research and testing. Like last year's reincarnation of the legendary Masvelt cream.
Substitution of concepts
On the other hand, it is no secret that in recent years the most famous brands (Givenchy, Guerlain, Estée Lauder) have flatly refused to produce anti-cellulite lines. Although they were very good. “We are faced with the fact that women treat weight loss products like a surgeon’s scalpel or a firebox that burns excess fat,” says Laurent Nogueira, director of scientific communications at Givenchy. “Many of them for some reason believe that you can eat an extra croissant, then apply more cream - and voila, harmony is preserved. And when this does not happen or, which is logical, body volumes increase, they blame the manufacturers, ”he spreads his arms with a sigh.
Indeed, the effect of anti-cellulite products directly depends on our consciousness. By themselves, they are not a panacea. Unlike anti-aging lines for the face, the result of which does not depend on nutrition and fitness. Except for a massage.
Top, zara; swimsuit briefs, Cortefel
A PHOTONot without reason, many masks and creams have acquired newfangled massagers, which at times increase their effectiveness. Of course, such devices exist for the body. Their segment is wide, varied, and they enhance the activity of anti-cellulite creams. But what's the point if you lie on the couch and throw buns at yourself?
Charlatans from the Internet
In general, the fashion for corrective lines for the body is rapidly heading downhill. But the blame for this lies not only with our laziness, but also with social networks. Each of the “professionals” from fitness, nutrition, cosmetology, etc. who flooded them is striving to get more subscribers under their wings. And the easiest way to do this is with non-trivial advice and scandalous revelations. “Dairy products cause cellulite!”, “Cardio loads strictly on an empty stomach to burn more fat”, “Anti-cellulite products contain hormones” - these and many other statements collect coveted likes and increase the credibility of the profile holder.
Adherents of body positivity are deprived of many joys, for example, ease of movement and the ability to dress beautifully.
Blind love
The opposite of the “phytonies” trend on the Internet is body positivity. His followers also, quite logically, deny means for losing weight. Just like the process itself. “I love myself the way I am. Life is too short to overshadow it with diets and sports. I will enjoy every minute and get maximum pleasure” - this is the motto of these people. Last fall, I even received a letter with an offer to support body positivity on the pages of ELLE. To this I answered briefly that I am a militant opponent of this movement, which can easily develop into “alcopositive”, “nicotine positive” and “drug positive”.
Bare Body Moisturizing Powdery Oil, Kenzoki; multifunctional tool Dior Svelte, Dior; firming oil Body Refirm, Biotherm; nourishing cream Extreme Comfort, Anne Semonin
A PHOTO Alena PolosukhinaThis is what leads to an uncontrolled desire for pleasure. And I have more than seen enough of the many-pound victims of body-positive (although they didn’t even know that they were) in provincial America. The adherents of this philosophy do not even want to think that a loose, stout body not only repels outwardly, but also deprives its wearer of a lot of pleasures. Namely - movements, dexterity, the ability to buy nice clothes stay healthy and young longer. After all, obese people look much older than their peers. In the end, they are left with one pleasure - food. And the circle closes.
Against nature
So, we found ourselves in the center of a war with anti-cellulite products, which, on the one hand, is waged by those to whom they do not bring personal profit, and on the other, by girls who simply scored on them. In reality, our figures can become victims of this empty battle. After all, such drugs were created not at all in order to extract money from us, but for business. Ability to accumulate subcutaneous fat in the genital areas is inherent in us by nature. And she had two goals: mechanically protect the unborn child and give him food in case of famine.
That is why the first manifestations of cellulite can be detected during puberty. But this does not mean at all that you need to fight it. Small bumps under the skin when squeezed are the norm for women. Our connective tissue has a mesh structure. If a fat cells okay, then easily slip through its cells. And just as easily return to the place. Another thing is when they increase in size. Squeezing with difficulty into the cells of the fibers, they are squeezed by them, creating the notorious "orange peel".
Risk zones
Cellulite zones can also appear in slender athletic women. It's genetics. And here certainly you can’t do without special equipment and massage. It is necessary to force stuck adipocytes (fat cells) to part with their contents and return to their place. By the way, if earlier estrogens (female sex hormones) were responsible for their growth, now it has been proven: the matter is in the adipocytes themselves.
Relaxing shower oil, Payot; lymphatic drainage wrap Cold Stream, Natura Siberica; smoothing cream for body skin Body Excellence, Chanel; gel against resistant forms of cellulite Body Lift Cellulite Control, Clarins; milk serum for sensitive skin Ideal Body, Vichy
A PHOTO Alena PolosukhinaMore precisely, in their receptors, which, like keys, unlock and lock the entrance for fats into cells. And when they keep the doors wide open for longer than necessary, then the lipids settle more actively in one zone. Many brands in recent years have announced the discovery of certain substances that control fat cell receptors and have included them in their creams. And if you use these products regularly, you can keep them from propensity to postpone. excess fat OK. So corrective means are also a good prevention of cellulite, which for some reason "fitnonyashki" and Instagram nutritionists are silent about.
Double life
Yes, doctors will forgive me for the pun, but cellulite has two "faces". The cause of the first is excess fat (lipodystrophy), and the second is a violation of the outflow of water (hydrolipodystrophy). Usually these two types are present at the same time, but are localized in different places. Adipose cellulite - in the zone of "breeches" and buttocks, and edematous - on the abdomen and lower thighs. Cellulite is also divided into hard and soft. The first is a consequence of weight gain, when there is a uniform distribution of adipocytes under the skin, the tone and blood circulation of which are practically not disturbed. But at the same time, cellulite tubercles are quite painful.
Our figures become victims of the confrontation between “phytonies” and body positivity
They can be "broken" with massage and body wraps. With a soft type, the walls of the vessels become denser, the connective tissue grows, the skin becomes flabby. This is a more painless cellulite, which is not easy to eliminate. Although with today's development of the cosmetic and salon industry, almost everything is possible. Less than ten years ago, cosmetologists operated only with devices for myostimulation and LPG.
Anti-cellulite emulsion Cell-Power, MBR; lipolytic serum, Aravia; cream that prolongs the youthfulness of the skin of the body, Revitalizing Supreme, Estée Lauder; nourishing oil Deep Comfort, Clinique; modeling aromagel Advanced Body Creator, Shiseido
A PHOTO Alena PolosukhinaNow they offer to eliminate excess fat with radiofrequency waves, ultrasound, heat, cold - a choice for every taste and budget. I will list only a few new technologies that have been reported to us for recent times: Venus Freeze (works with a pulsed magnetic field), Z lipo (cold breaks down fat), Z wave (acoustic waves), Vip Line (combines microcurrents and myostimulation), Vella Shape 3 (warms up with infrared light).
Long live the mind!
Andy Warhol once said, "Everyone is entitled to 15 minutes of fame." And social media brought each of us closer to this moment. Undoubtedly, to achieve a beautiful body is a kind of feat. But only if it is not done in spite of common sense and to the detriment of health. After all, today the beauty industry offers us a lot of the right ways and means. And if we believe the professionals, and not the Internet amateurs, then they, you see, will please us next spring new body products.
Body-oriented therapy has significant differences from "conversational" forms of psychotherapy, imposes special ethical obligations on the actions and attitudes of the therapist.
Since basically body psychotherapy involves direct physical contact with the client's body, the question arises of maintaining psychological boundaries and the dynamics of transference processes. This is due to the fact that contact interaction is capable of provoking and intensifying transference and countertransference reactions, adding to them a pronounced erotic context. Therefore, the therapist must be able to clearly define the boundaries of contact and exclude elements of sexualization from interaction, which requires a preliminary study of one's own corporality from the standpoint of the functioning and sublimation of sexuality.
Body psychotherapy in some contexts can be seen as a kind of awakening practice - sensuality, trust, understanding. It gives a feeling of ZANU-reality in life, a full-fledged experience of contact with a variety of manifestations of the surrounding world, arising as a result of the conscious "inclusion" of bodily sensations in this process.
One of the ways to interact with the world and awaken sensibility (sensitivity) to the world and other people is touch. Most often, contact methods of interaction in Everyday life they are repressed and subjected to ritualization, which is associated with a significant impact and significance of bodily contact. The level of significance is always proportional to the meaning that a person puts into touch: either indifference, coldness, formality and stereotyping, or the expression of true feelings and experiences.
Touches, showing the attitude and feelings of a person, form a certain range of emotional experiences that cannot be ignored. These experiences always reach consciousness and transform the background state, modulating outbursts and manifestations of latent (hidden or repressed) experiences and relationships. A person can be ready for them, and then she adequately, openly accepts a new experience. If she is subjectively not ready for this, then she is forced to suppress the feelings that fill her at the moment of contact. Depending on the dominant set of relationships, which determines the content and intensity of reactions to subjectively significant circumstances and events, a person perceives the sensations that are relevant at the moment of contact as acceptable and comfortable or paints them in negative tones and perceives them as uncomfortable and those that require control. In any case, the source of certain states is a significant touch, which a person cannot ignore, since physical contact expresses an archetypal need. Therefore, the preservation and clarification of psychological boundaries, based on a sense of security, trust, maintaining a distance, has great importance for the positive dynamics of therapeutic relationships in body psychotherapy.
At the same time, bodily therapy places certain requirements on the client's readiness for forms of activity and interaction that are atypical for him. In some bodily directions, the client must take off his clothes and be naked, which automatically actualizes the feeling of insecurity and vulnerability. However, even when the client is in clothes that are comfortable for him, the nature of visual contact, touches and actions offered to him full of therapeutic significance psychologically exposes the personality. An attempt to escape from such experiences, to hide behind somatic (muscle) complexes is often associated with a feeling of fear and unconscious rejection of one's own physicality.
Professional skills of a body-oriented psychotherapist
The main factor determining the success of therapeutic practice in the context of bodily dynamics is confidence in the professional competence and face of the therapist. On the other hand, the therapist must have a sufficient level of professional preparedness so as not to provoke unconscious resonant responses from the client with his own involuntary somatic reactions, he naturally reacts to the state of the therapist, feeling the measure of his own psychosomatic conformity.
The professional readiness of a body-oriented therapist requires him to develop the following specific qualities and abilities:
The ability to resonant contact with the client's reactions implies the synchronization of their psychosomatic states;
The presence of a wide repertoire of accessible forms of motor expression and the development of plastic skills;
The ability to feel and verbalize the client's bodily experiences, to select adequate metaphorical definitions for them;
Bodily congruence and the cognitive basis of bodily actions - the harmonic unity of the inner content and external technology, the integrity of body perception and the adequacy of bodily expression to the requirements of the current situation;
A wide range of available emotional states, emotional expressiveness, the reliability of the states experienced, and the ability to imitate them;
Focus on creative search for new methods of bodily interaction within the framework of therapeutic communication.
The quality of psychotherapeutic relationships in body therapy is determined by the so-called. Vegetative (somatic) resonance(W. Reich, D. Boadella) - bodily spinalization of the therapist and the client, is a certain psychosomatic analogue of the transfer known from the practice of psychoanalysis. This phenomenon turns out to be in the induced bodily sensations of the therapist, which correspond to the sensations of the client, further leads to synchronized psychosomatic reactions in both participants in the therapeutic process / It is based on the vegetative identification (unconscious identification) of the therapist and the client. The development of this process is associated with resonant forms of bodily contact and the reproduction by the therapist of bodily sensations experienced by the client. Resonant interaction involves vegetative, mimic, mobile-tactile, rhythmic and respiratory synchronization. In addition to the transference relationship, resonant experiences can also be compared to feelings of emotional empathy for the client.
Within the framework of the body-oriented approach, the somatic components of empathy are especially important for building therapeutic relationships. No less important is the client's attitude towards the therapist. Features of bodily "responses" are based on regressive states, often associated with repressed childhood dissatisfaction with maternal care, which means a deficit of significant bodily contacts (touches, strokes, caresses). Therefore, resonant reactions on the part of the client must be considered in the context of transference dynamics. On the part of the therapist, such synchronization also reflects the characteristics of countertransference experiences and his ability to consciously and controlled age regression.
The reaction of the therapist's and the client's bodily spontaneity can be explained by the period of formation of the joint unconscious - the "body" (according to J. Moreno) in connection with their stay in the common procedural and semantic space of therapeutic interactions (interactions). For the therapist, such unity is a technical element of therapeutic work, and for the client, it is an opportunity to acquire somatic and emotional experience that is “corrective” in terms of the dynamics of symptoms (F. Alexander).
Most bodily techniques in psychotherapy are aimed at a person's exploration of his corporeality and its nature. There is an assumption: if a person understands his body, he will be able to understand the mental content that he embodies with his help. The embodied mental content has an informational nature, always correlates with the bodily structure and its functionality; the body is considered as a specific mode of existence of energy. The form and organization of energy are natural, specific and always correspond to the nature of its information content. This gives reason to talk about the complementarity of the bodily and mental organization of the individual. Understanding this fact opens the way to the meaningful use of bodily techniques that can provide a full-fledged, integrated development of a person.
Body-oriented techniques occupy their own unique niche, sometimes differing significantly from traditional forms psychotherapy. Their main feature lies in the fact that among the methodological methods, those that directly relate to the human corporality predominate. Pathological reactions of the individual are also viewed through the prism of bodily dynamics in which they are reflected.
Body-oriented methods are based on the idea of a person's psychosomatic integrity. Any dissociation of its constituents into physical and mental components will be wrong and will lead to erroneous conclusions about the nature of psychological problems and possible strategies for overcoming them.
This approach has developed a large number of variety of approaches and techniques. Basically, they relate to the bodily dynamics of a person: her breathing, plasticity, movements, sensitivity, features of motor skills, facial expressions, voice, vegetative reactions. And although the human body is accessible to direct contact, "visual" and objective, subjectively it constitutes the intimate sphere of the personality. In this regard, there are certain professional requirements for the face of a psychotherapist, as well as additional requirements for professional ethics, which is associated with the obligatory physical contact in the process of psychotherapeutic interaction.
Body-oriented psychotherapy is actively developing, integrating with psychodynamic and existential-humanistic directions. psychological help. On its basis, there is a synthesis and an eclectic search for new, often alternative methods of psychotherapy and human development.