What geographical objects are named after travelers.

Which geographical features named after Russian travelers

Answers:

The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin, the easternmost tip of Asia is Cape Dezhnev, the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula is named after Boris Vilkitsky, the islands in the Kara Sea are named after polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin... Among the seas, named after the famous geographers Barents and Bering, the Laptev Sea appeared on geographical maps, which did not exist on old, pre-revolutionary maps. It was named in honor of the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea is also named after Dmitry Laptev, and the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula is named after Khariton Laptev - from Pyasinsky Bay to Taimyr Bay. Cities and towns named after domestic travelers: village. Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V.I. Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian Fleet), city of Kropotkin (Krasnodar Territory) - P.A. Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist), city of Lazarev (Khabarovsk Territory) - M. P. Lazarev (Russian traveler), Makarov (Sakhalin region) - S. O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer), village. Poyarkova (Amur region) - V.D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer), village. Przhevalskoye (Smolensk region) - N. M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler), Khabarovsk, Erofey Pavlovich station (Amur region) - Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer), Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - G. I. Shelikhov - Russian traveler; An island and a bay at the southeastern tip of Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov. Geographical objects named after A.I. Chirikov Cape in the Gulf of Anadyr, Russia; cape in Tauyskaya Bay, Russia;

1. Cape Litke – is located on the northwestern coast of the island of Novaya Zemlya. Named in 1913 by members of the expedition of G. Ya. Sedov in honor of F. P. Litke.

Litke Strait– is located in the south-western part of the Bering Sea in the Karaginsky Gulf between the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Karaginsky Island.

Litke Fedor Petrovich (1797-1882)– admiral, circumnavigator, one of the initiators of the creation of the Russian Geographical Society and its first leader, president Russian Academy Sciences, researcher of Novaya Zemlya, Polynesia, and the northern shores of the Pacific Ocean. Litke's name appears on the map in 17 places. In 1872, the Litke gold medal was established, awarded for outstanding works in the field of geography.

2. Borzov Bay – located in the Barents Sea off the northwestern coast of the northern island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, jutting into the land between the Litke and Pankratiev straits. Surveyed in 913 by G. Ya. Sedov. He also named it the Gulf of Tsarevich Alexei. In 1946, it was renamed by the Aerogeodetic Administration expedition in honor of A. A. Borzov. A volcano on the Kuril Islands, glaciers in Eastern Siberia, Subpolar Urals, on Novaya Zemlya.

Borzov Alexander Alexandrovich (1874-1939)- a prominent geographer and higher education teacher, student of D. N. Anuchin, his successor and head of the Moscow School of Geographers, one of the organizers of the geographical departments at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical Institute (MPGU), head of the geography department at MIIGAiK, editor of the famous journal "Earth Science" .

3. Pakhtusov Island is the main island in a group of islands of the same name located in the Kara Sea off the eastern coast of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. With an area of ​​about 21 sq. km, rocky uneven surface with steeply plunging banks up to 50 m. It was discovered in 1835 by members of the expedition on the schooner “Krotov” and named in 1934 in honor of P.K. Pakhtusov. Banks in the Kara and Barents seas, a mountain on Spitsbergen, a nunatak in Antarctica, a strait near Novaya Zemlya and islands in the Kara and Japanese seas are named after him.

Pakhtusov Petr Kuzmich (1800-1835)– second lieutenant of the corps of naval navigators, researcher of the Barents, Kara Seas and the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. Participated in hydrographic expeditions that carried out an inventory of the Barents Sea.

4. Ovtsyn Strait - separates the Oleniy and Sibiryakova islands, opens the passage to the Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea, Named in 1895 by A.I. Velkitsky after D.L. Ovtsyn.

Ovtsyn Dmitry Leontyevich (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian explorer, participant of the great Northern Expedition, who described the shores of the Kara Sea. A cape on the Yamal Peninsula and a nunatak in Antarctica bear his name.

5. Sibiryakova Island – located in the Kara Sea, in the Yenisei Gulf. Named in 1876 by A.E. Nordskiöld in honor of his friend A.M. Sibiryakov.

Sibiryakov Alexander Mikhailovich (1849-1933)– Russian entrepreneur, initiator of the development of the Great Northern Route, organizer of many expeditions. The ship "Sibiryakov", famous for its drift in the Arctic Ocean and died in an unequal battle with the German cruiser "Admiral Shir" on August 25, 1942, was named in his honor. A bank in the Barents Sea and an irrigation system in the Kara Sea were named in honor of the Siberians.

6. Ushakov Island – located in the northern part of the Kara Sea. Discovered in 1935 by the GUSMP expedition on the icebreaking steamer Sadko. At the same time, at the suggestion of N.N. Zubov, a later prominent polar explorer, he was named after the leader of the expedition, G.A. Ushakov.

Ushakov Georgy Alekseevich (1901-1963)- famous polar explorer. Participant of V.K. Arsenyev’s expeditions in the Ussuri taiga, during the years civil war ruled the islands of Wrangel and Herold. In the 1930s, he participated in mapping the coast of Severnaya Zemlya, which was begun by the hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Ocean in 1910-1915. Two capes and mountains in Antarctica are also named after him.

7. Schmidt Island – is located in the Kara Sea near Severnaya Zemlya. Discovered in 1930 by an expedition on the icebreaking steamship Georgy Sedov under the leadership of O. Yu. Schmidt. Then he was named after the name of the leader.

Cape Schmidt– located on the northern coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, at the eastern entrance to the Long Strait.

Schmidt Otto Yulievich (1891-1956)- Soviet mathematician, Arctic researcher, academician. Leader of several polar expeditions aimed at opening the Northern Sea Route and exploring the Central Arctic. In 1929-1930 he led an expedition on the Georgiy Sedov, in 1932 on the Sibiryakov, and in 1933-1934 on the Chelyuskin. Prepared and organized research at the SP-1 station with I.D. Papanin.

8. Cape Berg – is located on the northeastern coast of the island of the October Revolution of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.

Volcano Berga– is located on the island of Urup in the Kuril Islands group. Berg's name was given to a peak and glacier in the Pamirs, a cape on Severnaya Zemlya, and a glacier in the Dzungarian Alatau. Berg's name was also included in Latin names more than 60 animals and plants.

Berg Lev Semenovich (1876-1950)– the largest geographer-country specialist, biologist, limnologist, climatologist, historian - geographer. It is difficult to name any of the geographical disciplines whose most important issues would not have received deep and original development in his works. Berg is one of the organizers of the Faculty of Geography of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) University. Since 1940 - President of the Geographical Society of the USSR.

9. Shokalsky Strait – is located in the Kara Sea near Severnaya Zemlya. In 1931, the Ushakov-Urvantsev expedition established that this is a strait, beyond which the name given by the discoverers by the name of Yu. M. Shokalsky was left.

Shokalsky Island– the first is located in the Kara Sea near the Gulf of Ob. Discovered in 1874 by the English captain D. Wiggins, he named it Cherny Island. In 1922, members of the Kom expedition sailed the sea route on the schooner Agnessa and named it in honor of the ship Agnessa. In 1926, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee named him after Yu. M. Shokalsky. The second island is located in the Barents Sea, surveyed in 1902 by a hydrographic expedition on the steamship Pakhtusov.

Shokalsky Yuri Mikhailovich (1856-1940)- an outstanding geographer, oceanographer and cartographer, president of the Geographical Society, honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, professor at the Naval Academy and Leningrad University. He created the most famous oceanographic school with more than 2,000 students. For 60 years scientific work created many works, among which his “Oceanography” (1974) gained world fame. The well-known textbook Physical geography"(1930). More than a dozen geographical objects are named in his honor: two islands, a strait, a current, a ridge, a cape, a bank, a glacier and an underwater ridge, as well as an oceanographic vessel.

10. Vilkitsky Strait – connects the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. Separates the Taimyr Peninsula and Bolshevik Island in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago. Named in 1914.

Vilkitsky Boris Andreevich (1885-1961) –Russian naval officer, Arctic explorer. He led a geographical expedition on the icebreakers "Taimyr" and "Vaigach". The strait between Cape Chelyuskin and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago is named after him.

11. Cape Chelyuskin – the extreme northern tip of Asia, located on the Taimyr Peninsula, jutting into the Kara Sea. The Vilkitsky Strait was discovered and mapped in 1742 by midshipman Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin (Chelyustkin). At the suggestion of A.F. Meddendorf in 1843, the cape was named in honor of the discoverer. Islands in the Taimyr Bay and the Kara Sea, a peninsula on Taimyr, as well as the legendary steamship Chelyuskin, which sank in the ice, also bear his name. A peninsula in Antarctica and a mountain on Sakhalin Island are also named in honor of the heroic Chelyuskinites.

Chelyuskin Semyon Ivanovich (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian naval officer, participant of the Great Northern Expedition. He surveyed the western coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, and on August 1, 1742, he was able to map the northern tip of Asia - the historical Promontorium Tobin, which later became known as Cape Chelyuskin.

12. Laptev Sea - a marginal sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean, bounded on the west by the eastern shores of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago and the Taimyr Peninsula, on the east by the meridian of 139° east longitude from the edge of the continental shelf to the northern tip of Kotelny Island, the western Lyakhovsky Islands.

Shore of Khariton Laptev- a narrow coastal strip along the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula between the Pyasina and Taimyr rivers.

Dmitry Laptev Strait– connects the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea. Separates Bolshoi Lyakhovsky Island from the northern coast of Asia.

Laptevs, Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich (XVIII century) –cousins. Participants of the Great Northern Expedition, who explored the Siberian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the sea in the north of our country is named after them. The strait between the mainland and Bolshoi Lyakhovsky Island, a cape in the Lena River delta and a cape at the mouth of the Kolyma River are named in honor of Dmitry Laptev. The coast between the mouths of the Pyasina and Nizhnyaya Pyasina rivers and two capes are named in honor of Khariton Laptev.

13. Sannikov Strait – connects the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea, separates the Lyakhov Islands and the island of Anjou. Opened in 1773 by the Yakut industrialist I. Lyakhov. In 1902, he was named a participant in the RPE 1900-1903 by F. A. Matisen, after the name of the expedition doctor, Viktor Nikolaevich, by the Katina-Yartsev Strait. Apparently in 1909, K. A. Vollosovich named it in honor of one of the first explorers of the New Siberian Islands, Yakov Sannikov Strait. In 1935 this name was legalized.

Sannikov Yakov (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian explorer, Yakut merchant, was engaged in fishing on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Described the islands of Stolbovoy and Faddeevsky. Participating in the expedition of M. M. Gedeshtrom in 1810-1811 he saw land to the north of the island, which was called Sannikov Land. Subsequently, many expeditions were sent to search for this Earth, but it was not discovered. A river on the New Siberian Islands, which received this name in 1811, is also named after him.

14. City of Bilibino - an urban-type settlement in Chukotka.

Bilibin Yuri Alexandrovich (1901-1952)– Russian geologist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Participant in the discovery of gold-bearing areas in the northeast of Russia. A nuclear power plant in Chukotka is also named after him.

15. Bering Strait – connects the Pacific and Arctic oceans, separates the Chukotka Peninsula on the Eurasian continent and the Alaska Peninsula in North America.

Bering Island– is located in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean as part of the Commander Islands east of Kamchatka.

Bering Sea– located in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of the northeastern coast of Asia and the northwestern part of North America.

Bering Vitus (1703-1741)- Danish naval officer in Russian service, explorer of Asia, one of the leaders of the Great Northern Expedition (1733-1743), discovered the coast of Alaska. He died on the island that was later named after him.

16. Shelikhov Bay(Penzhinsky)– northeastern part of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

Shelikhov city– since 1962, a city in the Irkutsk region, a railway station. About a dozen objects are named after him, in particular islands off the coast of North America, a strait there, a cape, a lake, a mountain, a bank.

Shelikhov Georgy Ivanovich (1747-1795)- Russian merchant, founder of the first Russian settlements in the so-called Russian America. Spent significant geographical studies. On the basis of the Shelikhov settlement, the Russian-American Company was formed in 1799. For his tireless work, he was called the Russian Columbus.

17. Nagaeva Bay – in the northern part of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, in Tauyskaya Bay off the western coast of the Staritsky Peninsula.

Nagaev Alexey Ivanovich (1704-1781)- admiral, navigator, cartographer, hydrographer, explorer of the Caspian and Baltic seas. He made an inventory of the Caspian Sea, and then the Gulf of Finland. Compiled maps of Vitus Bering's voyage, compiled and corrected maps Baltic Sea, which were used by sailors of the Baltic Fleet for 60 years. Commanded the port in Kronstadt. He collected materials on the history of the Russian fleet, used in the 19th century by V. Berkh. Compiled the second one based on materials from the expedition half of the XVIII century general map of the Caspian Sea, published after his death in 1796.

18. Atlasov Island – located in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, northern in the Kuril Islands group.

Atlasov (Otlasov) Vladimir Vasilievich (Timofeevich) (about 1652-1711)- Russian explorer, first explorer of Kamchatka. The Atlasovka River on Sakhalin Island, which flows into Aniva Bay in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, also bears his name.

19. Cape Przhevalsky – is located on the southern Kuril island of Iturup in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Przhevalsky's name was given to the city near which he died at the beginning of his life. last trip, and a number of other geographical objects.

Przhevalsky Nikolai Mikhailovich (1839-1888)- outstanding traveler-explorer Central Asia. He photographed more than 30 thousand km of the path he traveled, astronomically determined hundreds of altitudes, collected a wealth of material about the relief, climate, flora and fauna of Mongolia, Northern and Western China, the Tibetan Plateau and the Ussuri region. Based on the materials of his five travels, detailed scientific reports have been published, written by an excellent literary language, which served as a model for subsequent expeditionary research by Russian travelers.

20. Cape Dokuchaev – is located on one of the southern Kuril Islands, Kunashir, near the Nemuro Strait in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. His name was given to the Institute of Soil Science of the Academy of Sciences, and on the map the cape and the main watershed ridge on Kunashir Island in the Kuril Archipelago are named after him.

Dokuchaev Vasily Vasilievich (1846-1903)- great Russian scientist, naturalist geographer, soil scientist, geologist and mineralogist. He founded modern scientific soil science and completed the creation of the doctrine of latitudinal and altitudinal natural zones.

21. Kropotkin Ridge – located on the Olekminsko-Vitim plateau. Height up to 1647 m – Korolenko char. It is composed of crystalline rocks, granites. Discovered by geologist A. A. Voznesensky, explorer of East Asia.

City of Kropotkin– located in Krasnodar region, arose as the Romanovsky farm. Named in honor of V. A. Kropotkin.

Kropotkin Petr Alekseevich (1842-1921)– geographer and geomorphologist, one of the founders of paleogeography of the Quaternary period, creator of the doctrine of ancient continental glaciation, researcher of Siberia and the Amur region, author of numerous articles on the geography of Russia. At the same time, an outstanding social and political figure, revolutionary theorist of anarchism.

Russian navigators, along with European ones, are the most famous pioneers who discovered new continents, sections of mountain ranges and vast water areas. They became discoverers of significant geographical objects, took the first steps in the development of hard-to-reach territories, and traveled around the world. So who are they, the conquerors of the seas, and what exactly did the world learn about thanks to them?

Afanasy Nikitin - the very first Russian traveler

Afanasy Nikitin is rightfully considered the first Russian traveler who managed to visit India and Persia (1468-1474, according to other sources 1466-1472). On the way back he visited Somalia, Turkey, and Muscat. Based on his travels, Afanasy compiled the notes “Walking across the Three Seas,” which became popular and unique historical and literary aids. These notes became the first book in Russian history not written in the format of a story about a pilgrimage, but describing the political, economic and cultural features of the territories.

He was able to prove that even being a member of a poor peasant family, you can become a famous explorer and traveler. Streets, embankments in several Russian cities, a motor ship, passenger train and aircraft.

Semyon Dezhnev, who founded the Anadyr fortress

Cossack ataman Semyon Dezhnev was an Arctic navigator who became the discoverer of a number of geographical objects. Wherever Semyon Ivanovich served, everywhere he sought to study new and previously unknown things. He was even able to cross the East Siberian Sea on a homemade kocha, going from Indigirka to Alazeya.

In 1643, as part of a detachment of explorers, Semyon Ivanovich discovered Kolyma, where he and his associates founded the city of Srednekolymsk. A year later, Semyon Dezhnev continued his expedition, walked along the Bering Strait (which did not yet have this name) and discovered the easternmost point of the continent, later called Cape Dezhnev. An island, a peninsula, a bay, and a village also bear his name.

In 1648, Dezhnev hit the road again. His ship was wrecked in the waters located in the southern part of the Anadyr River. Having arrived on skis, the sailors went up the river and stayed there for the winter. Subsequently, this place appeared on geographical maps and received the name Anadyr fort. As a result of the expedition, the traveler was able to do detailed descriptions, make a map of those places.

Vitus Jonassen Bering, who organized expeditions to Kamchatka

Two Kamchatka expeditions inscribed the names of Vitus Bering and his associate Alexei Chirikov into the history of marine discoveries. During the first voyage, the navigators conducted research and were able to supplement the geographical atlas with objects located in Northeast Asia and on Pacific Coast Kamchatka.

The discovery of the Kamchatka and Ozerny peninsulas, the Kamchatka, Krest, Karaginsky bays, Provedeniya Bay, and St. Lawrence Island is also the merit of Bering and Chirikov. At the same time, another strait was found and described, which later became known as the Bering Strait.

The second expedition was undertaken by them to find a way to North America and study the Pacific Islands. On this journey, Bering and Chirikov founded the Peter and Paul fort. It took its name from the combined names of their ships (“St. Peter” and “St. Paul”) and subsequently became the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

On the approach to the shores of America, the ships of like-minded people lost sight of each other, due to heavy fog. "St. Peter", controlled by Bering, sailed to the west coast of America, but was caught in a severe storm on the way back - the ship was thrown onto an island. The last minutes of Vitus Bering’s life passed on it, and the island subsequently began to bear his name. Chirikov also reached America on his ship, but completed his voyage safely, having discovered several islands of the Aleutian ridge on the way back.

Khariton and Dmitry Laptev and their “name” sea

Cousins ​​Khariton and Dmitry Laptev were like-minded people and assistants to Vitus Bering. It was he who appointed Dmitry as commander of the ship “Irkutsk”, and his double boat “Yakutsk” was led by Khariton. They took part in the Great Northern Expedition, the purpose of which was to study, accurately describe and map the Russian shores of the ocean, from the Yugorsky Shar to Kamchatka.

Each of the brothers made a significant contribution to the development of new territories. Dmitry became the first navigator to photograph the coastline from the mouth of the Lena to the mouth of the Kolyma. He compiled detailed maps of these places, using mathematical calculations and astronomical data as a basis.

Khariton Laptev and his associates conducted research on the northernmost section of the Siberian coast. It was he who determined the dimensions and outlines of the huge Taimyr Peninsula - he carried out surveys of its eastern coast, and was able to identify the exact coordinates of the coastal islands. The expedition took place in difficult conditions - large number ice, snowstorms, scurvy, ice captivity - Khariton Laptev’s team had to endure a lot. But they continued the work they had started. On this expedition, Laptev's assistant Chelyuskin discovered a cape, which was later named in his honor.

Noting the great contribution of the Laptevs to the development of new territories, members of the Russian Geographical Society decided to name one of them after them. largest seas Arctic. Also, the strait between the mainland and the island of Bolshoy Lyakhovsky is named in honor of Dmitry, and the western coast of the island of Taimyr is named after Khariton.

Krusenstern and Lisyansky - organizers of the first Russian circumnavigation

Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky are the first Russian navigators to circumnavigate the world. Their expedition lasted three years (began in 1803 and ended in 1806). They and their teams set off on two ships, which were named “Nadezhda” and “Neva”. The travelers passed through Atlantic Ocean, entered the waters of the Pacific Ocean. The sailors used them to reach the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka and Sakhalin.

This trip allowed me to collect important information. Based on data obtained by seafarers, a detailed map Pacific Ocean. Another important result of the first Russian round-the-world expedition was the data obtained on the flora and fauna of the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka, local residents, their customs and cultural traditions.

During their journey, the sailors crossed the equator and, according to maritime traditions, could not leave this event without a well-known ritual - a sailor dressed as Neptune greeted Krusenstern and asked why his ship had arrived where he had never been Russian flag. To which I received the answer that they are here exclusively for the glory and development of domestic science.

Vasily Golovnin - the first navigator who was rescued from Japanese captivity

Russian navigator Vasily Golovnin led two expeditions around the world. In 1806, he, being in the rank of lieutenant, received a new appointment and became commander of the sloop "Diana". Interestingly, this is the only case in the history of the Russian fleet when a lieutenant was entrusted with the control of a ship.

The leadership set the goal of the round-the-world expedition to study the North Pacific Ocean, with special attention to that part of it that is located within the borders of the native country. Diana's path was not easy. The sloop passed the island of Tristan da Cunha, passed the Cape of Hope and entered a port owned by the British. Here the ship was detained by the authorities. The British informed Golovnin about the outbreak of war between the two countries. Russian ship was not declared captured, but the team was not allowed to leave the bay. Having spent more than a year in this situation, in mid-May 1809 the Diana, led by Golovnin, tried to escape, which the sailors successfully succeeded in doing - the ship arrived in Kamchatka.

Golovnin received his next important task in 1811 - he was supposed to compile descriptions of the Shantar and Kuril Islands, the shores of the Tatar Strait. During his journey, he was accused of not adhering to the principles of sakoku and was captured by the Japanese for more than 2 years. It was possible to rescue the team from captivity only thanks to good relationship one of the Russian naval officers and an influential Japanese merchant, who was able to convince his government of the harmless intentions of the Russians. It is worth noting that before this, no one in history had ever returned from Japanese captivity.

In 1817-1819, Vasily Mikhailovich made another trip around the world on the Kamchatka ship, specially built for this purpose.

Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev - discoverers of Antarctica

Captain of the second rank Thaddeus Bellingshausen was determined to find the truth in the question of the existence of the sixth continent. In 1819, he went out to the open sea, carefully preparing two sloops - Mirny and Vostok. The latter was commanded by his like-minded friend Mikhail Lazarev. The first round-the-world Antarctic expedition set itself other tasks. In addition to finding irrefutable facts confirming or refuting the existence of Antarctica, the travelers planned to explore the waters of three oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian.

The results of this expedition exceeded all expectations. During the 751 days that it lasted, Bellingshausen and Lazarev were able to make several significant geographical discoveries. Of course, the most important of them is the existence of Antarctica, this historical event occurred on January 28, 1820. Also, during the trip, about two dozen islands were found and mapped, sketches of Antarctic views, and images of representatives of the Antarctic fauna were created.

Interestingly, attempts to discover Antarctica were made more than once, but none of them were successful. European navigators believed that either it did not exist, or it was located in places that were simply impossible to reach by sea. But the Russian travelers had enough perseverance and determination, so the names of Bellingshausen and Lazarev were included in the lists of the world's greatest navigators.

There are also modern travelers. One of them.

At school I always loved geography and history. I read a lot of books about travelers and their finds, watched films, was interested scientific discoveries. I was surprised by the people who went on all sorts of expeditions. Particularly struck Russian commander Vitus Bering. In my opinion, he was a strikingly unique person.

Bering - Russian Dane

Bering Ivan Ivanovich (this is in Russia, but in fact Vitus Jonassen), although born and studied in Denmark, became an officer in the Russian fleet. He lived in times reign of Peter I when it began to develop Russian fleet and new lands began to be developed. It was Peter who sent Bering’s first expedition to the east to find an isthmus between the continents: ours and North America. This same Vitas, traveling for two years with the first scientific sea expedition, made a map and wrote eastern north Asia.

What geographical features are named after Bering

It would be a sin not to name such a discoverer by the name of some geographical features. And here it is:

Some plants of Kamchatka, streets in cities, Chukotka village, plane, ship, university. His name became brand even Danish hours.

In 1970, a film (practically, a biography) “The Ballad of Bering and His Friends” was made about the navigator. With Bering's discoveries and expeditions, stamps and coins were issued.

In addition, there are other places that are named after Bering’s ships or the names of his comrades:

• Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky(in honor of the ships "St. Peter" and "St. Paul");
• Shumagin Islands(belong to America, named after the sailor who died on the expedition);
• St. Lawrence Island(Bering named it that way in honor of the day of this saint. It was on this day that Bering arrived on the island).

This navigator and discoverer was simply an amazing person. Even died on the expedition.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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The work was completed by students of grade 7 “B” of MBOU Secondary School No. 2 in the village of Dobrinka Laptev Ilya Soshkin Alexey Supervisor Fateeva E.M.

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Hypothesis: Russian travelers and researchers made many discoveries on the planet. Since there was a tradition of naming objects in honor of their discoverer or expedition leader, we believe that geographical map there should be many objects bearing the names of our compatriots. Goal: To identify, as a result of analysis of world maps, objects bearing the names of Russian travelers and researchers, find out the reason for their names, and give them a brief description.

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Requirements for geographical names: The object for which a name is proposed must be unnamed. The name must be organically included in the regional system geographical names. The name should clearly characterize the object and be simple, short, understandable and easy to use. Dedication titles must be accompanied by convincing justification for their legitimacy. The spelling of Russian names must strictly comply with the rules of Russian spelling, and foreign names - with the rules for their translation into Russian.

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Classification of geographical names according to V.P. Semenov - Tian - Shansky (1924) from personal names, nicknames, surnames; from church holidays; from historical names; from a pagan cult; from ancient tribes; assigned in honor of various events and persons; from objects that make up the typical geographical landscape of a given area.

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Russian names on the world map Wrangel Island Cape Dezhnev Lisyansky Island Miklouho-Maclay Coast Bellingshausen Sea Przhevalsky Ridge Laptev Sea Pronchishchev Coast Krusenstern Strait Chersky Ridge Bering Sea Shelikhov Bay Golovin Strait Fedchenko Glacier in the Pamirs Potanin Glacier in Altai Ratmanov Island Sannikov Strait Clematis Ridge ova M. Chelyuskin Atlasov Island

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Russian names on the world map Cape Dezhnev Bering Sea Bering Strait Bering Island Bering Glacier in Alaska Lisyansky Island Bellingshausen Sea Laptev Sea Kruzenshtern Sea Lazarev Sea

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Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev - an outstanding Russian navigator, explorer, traveler, explorer of Northern and Eastern Siberia, Cossack ataman, as well as a fur trader, the first of the famous European navigators, in 1648, 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, passed the Bering Sea strait separating Alaska from Chukotka. His name is given to: Cape Dezhnev, which is the extreme north-eastern tip of Asia (called by Dezhnev - Big Stone Nose), as well as: an island, a bay, a peninsula and a village.

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Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin In the fall of 1714 in Moscow, he was enrolled in the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences, which was located in the Sukharevskaya Tower. In the 1720s, S.I. Chelyuskin served on ships Baltic Fleet as a navigator, apprentice navigator and co-navigator. From 1726 he served in the Baltic Fleet, and in 1733-1743 he participated in the Great Northern Expedition.

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Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern is a Russian navigator, admiral. Descends from the Baltic German nobles. In 1802, he was appointed head of the first Russian round-the-world expedition (1803-1806), which included the ships “Nadezhda” (commander K.) and “Neva” (commander Yu. F. Lisyansky). K. outlined the description of the journey and the results of oceanological and ethnographic research in a three-volume work. One of the large straits of the Kuril ridge, the Kruzenshtern Strait, is named after Kruzenshtern.

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Vitus Bering Vitus Jonassen Bering - navigator, officer of the Russian fleet, captain-commander. Vitus Bering was born in 1681 in the Danish city of Horsens, graduated from the cadet corps in Amsterdam in 1703, and entered Russian service in the same year. In 1725-1730 and 1733-1741 he led the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions. He passed through the strait between Chukotka and Alaska (later the Bering Strait), reached North America and discovered a number of islands of the Aleutian chain. In the North Pacific Ocean, the following names are named after Bering: an island, a strait, a sea, and the Bering Glacier in Alaska.

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Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky is a Russian navigator and explorer. Captain of the second rank. Comes from an ancient Ukrainian Cossack family. Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky on the sloops “Nadezhda” and “Neva” made the first Russian round-the-world expedition. Lisyansky commanded the Neva and discovered one of the Hawaiian Islands. Lisyansky was the first to describe Hawaii in his book “A Journey Around the World” (1812). The following are named in honor of Lisyansky: Lisyansky Island, a cape, a strait and a peninsula, a peninsula on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

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Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen Faddey Fadeevich Bellingshausen is a famous Russian navigator, discoverer of Antarctica. Descends from the Baltic German nobles. In 1803-1806, Bellingshausen took part in the first circumnavigation of Russian ships on the faregate Nadezhda under the command of Ivan Kruzenshtern. In 1819-1821 he was the head of a round-the-world Antarctic expedition sent to the south polar seas. It consisted of the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny", the latter was commanded by Mikhail Lazarev. The following are named after Bellingshausen: the Bellingshausen Sea in Pacific Ocean, Thaddeus Islands and Thaddeus Bay in the Laptev Sea, Bellingshausen Glacier.

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Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev is a Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral, commander of the Black Sea Fleet, participant in three circumnavigations and discoverer of Antarctica. On January 16, 1829, he (together with Bellingshausen) discovered a sixth of the world - Antarctica - and a number of islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many geographical objects are named after him, as well as a glacier in Antarctica, scientific stations and the sea off the coast of Antarctica.

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“I named this island in southern latitude 54˚51 ׳, western longitude 37˚13 ׳ Annenkov Island in honor of the second lieutenant on the sloop Mirny,” the head of the expedition, Bellingshausen, wrote in his diary on December 5, 1819. This was the first geographical discovery of the Russians on the approach to Antarctica. But now we may not even know who Annenkov is. The Russian sound of the name itself becomes the main function of the geographical name.

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Yakov Sannikov SANNIKOV Yakov (18-19 centuries - Yakut industrialist, explorer of the New Siberian Islands. In 1800 he discovered and described Stolbovoy Island, in 1805 he discovered Faddevsky Island. In 1808-10 he took part in the expedition. M. M Gedenstrom for surveying and exploring the New Siberian Islands in 1810; Novaya Island Siberia from south to north. In 1811, together with surveyor Pshenitsyn, he walked around Faddeevsky Island and established that it was connected to Kotelny Island by a low-lying sandy space, later called Bunge Land. S. expressed the opinion about the existence of a vast land north of the New Siberian Islands, the so-called. Sannikov Land (later it was proven that it does not exist). The strait between the islands of M. Lyakhovsky and Kotelny and the river on the New Siberian Islands are named after S.

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Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev Khariton Prokofievich Laptev Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a Russian Arctic explorer, vice admiral. From 1736 he led one of the northern detachments of the Second Kamchatka Expedition. As a result of voyages and land campaigns of 1739-1742, inventories of the northern sea coast were carried out. A cape in the Lena River delta is named after Laptev. The Laptev Sea is named after Dmitry Laptev and his cousin Khariton. Khariton Prokofievich Laptev is a Russian military sailor, commander of a detachment of the Kamchatka (Great Northern) expedition, who described the previously unknown coast of the Taimyr Peninsula in 1739-1742. The northwestern coast of Taimyr, which was photographed directly by Khariton Laptev, is called the Khariton Laptev Coast.

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Ratmanov Makar Ivanovich Russian navigator and traveler. In 1784, at the age of twelve, Makar Ratmanov was assigned to the St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps, which was then headed by Admiral I.L. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Toropets nobleman. Three years later, Ratmanov was promoted to midshipman and made his first voyages on various ships in Gulf of Finland. Upon completion of the training course on January 1, 1789, M. Ratmanov became a midshipman. M.I. Ratmanov took part in the first Russian voyage under the command of Krusenstern. Senior Lieutenant Ratmanov was appointed senior officer on the Nadezhda. And here Kruzenshtern was not mistaken. Ratmanov was already a participant in numerous naval battles; for ten years before the expedition he commanded military ships. Stern, taciturn, athletic, pedantic in matters of service, he was ideally suited for the role of senior assistant.

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Ferdinant Petrovich Wrangel Graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1817, as a midshipman on the sloop "Kamchatka" under the command of V.M. Golovin Wrangel went on his first trip around the world. In 1825-1827 he made his second trip around the world, commanding the ship “Krotkiy” F.P. Wrangel is one of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society

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Vasily and Maria Pronchishcheva Shore of Pronchishcheva, Pronchishcheva Bay - these names not only mark geographical points, but can also be a symbol of fidelity, friendship and love. On the ship "Yakut" brave sailors made their way through the ice and reached the maximum for those times (1736) northern latitude(77˚29 ׳, taking into account imperfect instruments, 77˚55 ׳ is possible). At the end of the difficult journey back, Vasily Pronchishchev died, and a few days later his accompanying wife, Maria Pronchishcheva, also died. The expedition was led by Lieutenant Semyon Chelyuskin. Such names on the map of Taimyr as the Pronchishchevo Bank and Pronchishchevoy Bay should evoke deep reverence and gratitude. Through their efforts I acquired my general view a map of the coast of the Arctic Ocean that we see today, and which has become the property of all mankind.

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Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky Mountain ranges, peaks, and glaciers are marked with Russian names. On the maps different countries Let's read the word Przhevalsky: Przhevalsky Ridge in China, Przhevalsky Island in the Kuril Islands, Cape Przhevalsky on Lake Bennett in Alaska. Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky walked 33 thousand kilometers across Asia, studying ridges, deserts, animals and flora. Przhevalsky's students, geographers of the world, inscribed his name on the world map, and his students' students continued this tradition of memory.

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Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklouho-Maclay N.N. was a kind of “teacher of life” for the Papuans. Miklouho-Maclay. Miklouho-Maclay proved with his observations that the cultural level of any people is determined not by its biological characteristics, but historical development the people themselves.

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Golovin Vasily Mikhailovich In 1812, a new strait was marked on the map in the ridge of the Kuril Islands, named after the Russian captain V.M. Golovin. During a geographical expedition, Golovin was captured by the Japanese and remained in captivity from 1811 to 1813. It was the captivity of a real scientist, a Russian man, even whose captivity became a definite starting point in history by Japan and Russia. V.M. Golovin taught the Japanese the basics of the Russian language. Note that after a visit to Nagasaki in 1853, the Russian language began to penetrate into Japan, and the first Russian language textbooks for the Japanese were compiled. But the very first teacher was captain-geographer V.M. Golovin

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