How to assemble a quadrocopter with your own hands drawings. How to Build a Cheap DIY Arduino Uno Quadcopter

The desire to have your own quadcopter is quite understandable, because today is a time when the world is experiencing a real boom. The cost of a “good” drone equipped with a high-resolution camera for video recording is not affordable for everyone.

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But, there is a way out - a quadrocopter with your own hands. Step by step assembly seems complicated at first glance.

The entire stage of manufacturing with your own hands consists of:

• frame assembly;
• purchase of necessary spare parts;
• assemblies;
• wiring.
• Frame manufacturing

It can be made with your own hands from plywood measuring 150x150 mm or aluminum profile size 14x14 mm. The rays are screwed diagonally with screws, the length of which is 300 mm. Motor holes can be drilled after the quadcopter is assembled.

For landing "skis" a thin aluminum tape is suitable. It can also be selected for the manufacture of a battery holder.

Required spare parts

• drone battery - 8 pcs.;
• battery for equipment;
• charging - 1;
• propellers 10 inches;
• control board (HK multi-rotor control board 2.1);
• Turnigy 9x hardware.

All together will set you back about $120. But, it will take about 20 days to wait for a package from Hong Kong. Plus, 5 days until you can get the import. To the specified amount, you need to add 3-15 bucks for delivery.

It is necessary to place the control board as accurately as possible in the center of the platform. Holes for it are drilled through beams and plywood. The board is attached to the beams with metal screws.

A receiver is glued to the board next to it using dusk mega-glue. They can also glue the antenna to the rays. If the purpose of the channels for it and the board are the same, they are allowed by three-wire loops.

The next step in assembling a quadrocopter with your own hands is drilling holes for the motor. It is necessary to put a mark on the rays at the same distance, taken “by eye”. The motor will fit with a hole center distance of 19mm and an internal M3 conventional thread.

For the motor shaft, you need to drill a hole. It is recommended to make it through and over the entire width of the square, so as not to cling to the edges of the stand:

We fasten the motors to the platform with the leads, using M3 screws with a length of no more than 4 mm, since this size has a profile. They do this so as not to spoil the winding, not to contribute to the interturn circuit in case of damage to the varnish on the wire.

Wiring

Now it's time to move on to wiring. Of the four speed controllers, you need to solder the "spider" by soldering the wires directly into the sockets of the adapters.

Detachable connections are used in a single place - when connecting the "spider" to the battery. All other connections are soldered and tightened into a heat-shrinkable cord so that the wires do not fall out during vibration.

According to the numbers of the motors on the board, we connect the signal wires of the drivers. If you use a "plus" flight scheme, you need to connect them to the M1-M4 pins (when you learn how to control, the firmware can be changed).

The connection diagram is shown below:

The result is a do-it-yourself quadrocopter weighing one kilogram. You can conduct a test flight.

But, first, you need to charge the battery, connect it and the transmitter. Now it's time to push the throttle to the right and down. The LED on the board should turn red. next moment– throttle stick moved forward. The engines should start working, and the quadcopter should “go” into flight.

It was a simple do-it-yourself quadcopter. If you need to assemble a quadrocopter yourself, and even with a camera, which would be distinguished by good performance and good flight qualities, there is another option. The assembly depends on the specific model, the features of the electronics and the number of structural elements.

DIY parts for a drone with a camera

These include:

• engine D2822/14 - 4 pcs.;
• turnover regulator - the same;
• rotation rotors - left and right;
• power splitter, or 3.5 mm connector for connecting speed controllers.

You can’t do without a do-it-yourself quadrocopter adjustment board connected to a computer via USB - MultiWii ATmega32U4. For the launch to take place, Nano Tech 2200 30C batteries are needed - 4 pieces, since when using one drive, the flight time will be short.

Charging is needed to restore energy in them. You will also need a controller for DIY assembly, with the help of which flight adjustment is carried out. A Turnigy 9x device will work for the remote control. You can pick up signals with it at a distance of 800-900 meters. The signal transmitter is included with the remote control.

Assembly

As in the first case, it begins with the manufacture of a frame, for which you can take plastic pipes. Since their weight is small, the quadrocopter will be mobile, and the speed it develops will be high. In addition, such a frame is easy to repair in the event of an "accident".

Rotors are attached to the corners of the rectangular frame. The structure must be equipped with "legs" to which the camera is attached.

Silicone wires will help connect the motors to each propeller. It is a good idea to mount the battery with electronics on a platform installed in the center of the frame. Before proceeding with the installation of the electronic filling, you should download the connection diagram, which is easy to find on the forums. If necessary, the remote control can be reflashed taking into account latest updates. In the same place, on the forums, they tell how to reflash the remote control.

It is not for everyone to assemble a quadrocopter with their own hands, since it requires engineering skills. But, if there is an instruction and a diagram, the process of creating a flying device is simplified.

Step by step assembly

People who want to assemble a quadrocopter with their own hands are trying to save money, which is quite understandable. But this is not the only reason: many people are interested in the question because their hobby of driving a drone has grown into a desire to participate in races and, if possible, become a winner in them. And for this, it is necessary to refine the design.

Assembly from a kit

By acquiring the appropriate kit, you can greatly simplify the process of assembling an aircraft with your own hands.

It costs several times cheaper than a ready-made quadcopter, since the user will be involved in the assembly, firmware, calibration and fine tuning. The main advantage of the kits is that there is no need to select chips, engine power, or case weight.

There is no need to worry about the balance that affects the behavior of the quadcopter in flight either - it will have all the necessary parameters, including the planned speed and time spent in flight.

Kits allow you to assemble collapsible and monolithic drones with your own hands. It is up to the pilot to decide what he wants to have a design. Collapsible are interested in those who prefer overall models, but at the same time easily portable.

But, for a note: such models do not have an attractive design, because outer case, which performs a decorative and protective function, is not included in the kit.

How to assemble similar design with your own hands, described in detail in the attached instructions.

As a rule, everything starts with installation on a plastic, carbon or metal exoskeleton of motors. The PIN cables are then placed to control the power of the motors. Later, a signal receiver and a control module, a think tank, are attached to the body.

At the final stage, LEDs, clamps, batteries are installed.

The assembly ends here, but the fun begins - firmware, device calibration and fine-tuning, which takes from 30 minutes to 3 hours (depending on the manufacturer of the parts included in the kit). By this time, the battery should be fully charged.

Assembling a quadrocopter from improvised materials

Although it is popular among those who like to "fly" on drones, it is worth admitting that it does not allow you to get a full-fledged copter. You will definitely have to buy parts, just take not the whole set, but the most necessary ones: screws, motors, battery, control board and receiver, control equipment, without which it is impossible to control the device.

To prevent the components from falling apart in the air, they must be fixed on a light but durable frame. Everything can be suitable for making this: ice cream sticks, plastic bottles and covers.

When creating the hull, one should not forget about the stability of the self-assembled structure, balance, flight qualities, and lightness.

If knowledge allows, you can come up with your own scheme, if not, you can find it on the Internet.

The first build is usually just the beginning. In the future, it will be improved many times.

There is one trick that helps to avoid complex balancing calculations - you need to choose specific model, and under it already order components from the base list.

The main thing is to specify the details correctly. For example, there must be in the list two motors of left and right rotation and their corresponding propellers. Otherwise, the device will not function.

If possible, it is worth ordering more parts - in case of replacing defective ones (this happens). Unlike kits for sale, you won’t be able to assemble a quadcopter with your own hands (naked).

You will need:

• glue gun;
• screwdriver;
• soldering iron;
• Double-sided tape;
• insulating tape.

When working model will be ready, the time will come for modernization, as a result of which the quadrocopter may receive LEDs, an antenna, tweeters (beepers), etc., which increase functionality.

Video: DIY quadrocopter

Everyone brains, brain hello! For a long time, a person has dreamed of flying, free soaring in the sky, but so far this is not achievable, although ... let's try to fix it a little and do it yourself simple quadcopter.

KK2.1
This is probably the first thing you will find when searching for a flight controller online. It is based on an AVR microcontroller, has an LCD display that allows you to program it without connecting to a PC, and an MPU6050 as a sensor. You can program it using your own firmware, but for this you will need an AVR ISP programmer, since it does not have outputs on the board. It's also cheap, requires manual tuning, and is great for experienced pilots.

KKMulticontroller
This is something unique in the line of controllers! It is based on Atmel AVR (168p), which is good, but I think the controller is no longer supported, since their site is closed. Maybe they switched to 32-bit quadcopters or something. The controller itself is outdated, it uses Murata Gyros to orient the position in space, the sensors are not interconnected, the gyroscope is analog, the attachments on the arrows are used for adjustment, that is, everything is simple, but old ...

For my brain crafts I took OpenPilot CC3D for its ease of setup.

Step 7: Remote control

Controlled homemade, of course, a wireless remote control. Their choice is quite large, from expensive ones - Futaba, Spektrum, to cheap ones - Turnigy and Flysky.

The number of remote control channels means the number of transmitted control signals, we need at least 4 channels:

Throttle
Yaw (Z-axis rotation)
Pitch (rotation about the Y axis - the axis passing through the left and right side)
Roll (rotation about the X axis - the axis passing through the front and rear of the copter)

In the future, for use on a quadrocopter- homemade camcorders will need more channels, so I chose the 6-channel Flysky. This is a cheap remote, but not suitable for long range flights. So, according to our budgetary possibilities, we choose a remote control for crafts.

Step 8: Mounting the flight controller

The remote control and flight controller are selected, it remains to fix this controller on the quadcopter frame, add a battery and proceed with the calibration brain crafts. On top of the frame, we attach the controller to the clamps, while the arrow on the controller is located along the X axis. Another point, to dampen the vibrations of the motors, we place a regular sponge between the frame and the controller.

Step 9: Connecting and Setting Up the Electronics

According to the instructions, we connect the flight controller, speed controller and control panel. And the following video will help you with this:

And if you have a Flysky remote, then this video:

Step 10: Testing

Before taking the first flight, all components must be tested using the OpenPilot GCS control system. It has a display with which it is convenient to test sensors and other components. So, we remove the propellers and check the functioning of all parts from the remote control homemade.

I also checked the range of the remote control by placing the quadcopter nearby and at a considerable distance. And the correct functioning of the propellers can be found by characteristic sound as they rotate.

Step 11: And finally: flight

A quadcopter is, in principle, a dangerous device that, if used incorrectly, can cause serious damage, so be careful and responsible when working with it!

We hang the battery to the bottom of the frame, connect it and place it under the tree in the open. Then, from a safe distance from the quadcopter, we begin a gradual launch Braincraft and. If you feel like craft falls off when lifting, floats to the side, then correct this by hanging on the corresponding arrows. After achieving a stable climb, check how the quadcopter responds to the remote control commands, and adjust the PID values ​​to get the desired response.

And now congratulations, you have created your own quadrocopter from scratch!

04 May 2016

Despite many finished models of quadrocopters presented in online stores, many people still prefer to create a drone with their own hands. First, it saves money. Secondly, the fact that you were able to assemble a quadcopter yourself gives a weighty reason for pride, and it is much more pleasant to operate such a device than an ordinary purchased one.

So, how to make a drone at home? There are several ways to do this.

• Way one: relatively light. You can buy a ready-made kit for assembling a drone. These are now sold in any online quadrocopter store. The choice is huge, at the most different prices and from the most different materials. The advantage of this solution is that you get a set of parts, ideal suitable friend friend on technical parameters.

• Way two: for the brave and experienced. Complete freedom: you yourself buy all the necessary components.

This is what their main list looks like:

1. accumulators;2. speed controllers;3. engines (according to the number of propellers);4. control board with sensors: gyroscope, accelerometer, barometer, compass, etc.;5. rama (lovers hand made can make it yourself).

The advantage of this solution is the ability to use the parts you already have, left over from the old quadcopter or lying “in reserve”.

Your first quadcopter: theory and practice

For self assembly Ideal for a medium sized drone. At the request of the owner, the device can be modified, a photo or video camera can be added to it, but general scheme do-it-yourself quadrocopter assembly is as follows.

The first step is to determine the size and configuration of the frame. You can buy ready-made or make your own. The advantage of the latter option is the ability to repair the frame on your own in the event of a breakdown, without waiting for a spare one to arrive. As a material, you can use plastic pipes for wires or square aluminum tubes. The basic shape is a square with intersecting rays in the middle.

Engines are installed on the beams of the frame. Turnigy Aerodrive SK3 2822-1275, NTM Prop Drive Series 28-30S, Turnigy Multistar 2216-800Kv models will be optimal. The first one is suitable for 20 A speed regulators (for a 45-50 cm quadcopter), the other two are suitable for 30 A regulators (for a 50-60 cm quadcopter).

Propellers are mounted on top of the engines - two each with right-hand and left-hand rotation. Their maximum allowable size will be indicated in the engine manual.

A Li-Po battery and a control board are attached to the core - either the simplest HobbyKing KK (equipped with only 3 gyroscopes), or MultiWii Lite V1.0 with 6-axis alignment, or MultiWii 328P (with 6-axis alignment, barometer and compass; the most optimal in terms of price / quality ratio). In order for the flight to remain stable, the controller must be vibration-isolated - a vibration-isolating sponge is suitable for this.

Of course, you cannot learn all the subtleties of the assembly from the articles. But you can do it under the guidance of experienced pilots at the Drone Expo Show. At the master classes you will be taught how to assemble a quadrocopter and pilot it, as well as answer all your questions about assembly theory.

The quad can hang in one place and take photos and videos, which is why many photographers keep up with the progress and buy quadcopters for video shooting.

Quadcopters burst into our lives along with technical progress. Today, ordering electronics for a quadrocopter from China is very cheap. Assembling a quadrocopter frame with your own hands from improvised materials is not at all difficult. You can learn how to fly with the help of flight simulators. So the main thing is the desire to make a quadrocopter with your own hands.

It is best to buy ready-made electronics for a quadrocopter.

Details of a homemade quadrocopter

Quadcopter motors, 4 pcs - D2822/14 1450kv

Of course, the additional purchase of a small quadcopter is a bit expensive, but by flying on this you will learn how to manage and be able to fly on big quadcopter with a camera without falling! A small toy can always be given to a child.

And finally, short video quadcopter flight, camera recording.

In this article, we looked at the basic principles of making homemade quadcopters. If you want to know more, see the section

iskra comments:

how to make a quadcopter so that it flies within a radius of 500 meters with a real-time camera that displays the image on the screen

chelovek comments:

Guys help!
I want to assemble a quadric on the arduino mega platform using these components:

Now on the Internet you can find several useful tutorials (all links at the end of the article) on how to assemble a drone on a 250 frame yourself. But, while collecting my first quadric for these articles, I ran into problems that were not covered in any way. Namely, I did not find full sheet details and additional equipment which I need, the price complete assembly, as well as some practical and theoretical questions. That is why it was decided to make this article as a summary of my personal experience and other people's experiences to help beginners (like me) build their first drone as productively as possible.

Part 1 will be devoted to the selection of parts, equipment, assembly and connection of all components of the copter. The software side will be discussed in 2 parts.

Immediately report what I got:

It is noticeable in the video that the legs of the drone disappeared during the flight, but more on that later

FAQ List:

AT: Isn't it easier to buy a ready-made quadric and fly?
O: Easier, only if you are not going to keep improving your drone and building others. That is, you just want to fly, and not rack your brains and waste precious time. A store drone is in any case easier to learn and easier to operate. As an alternative, I can offer MJX Bugs 3. Review on it. Price from ~120$.

AT Q: Do I need to solder?
O: Yes need!

AT: Is it cheaper to assemble a quadric yourself than to buy in a store?
O: Not! I consider this a delusion. If you are a beginner, and since you are reading this article, most likely you are, then in addition to parts for a quadcopter, you will need a lot of other things. I am attaching a list below.

List to buy:

In order not to bother with the selection of the main components, I see an excellent alternative in buying a ready-made kit. Without wasting time on the selection of parts, you will get everything you need.

Everything you get in the kit. On the picture not connecting wires from the controller to the transmitter are shown

3) At least 2 additional sets of propellers (4 pcs included: 2 left, 2 right) ~0-100 rub.

Propellers really consumable during the first flights, so it is better to take with a margin. Oddly enough, but ordering from China is more expensive, and the wait is long. Maximum diameter 5 inches. I bought .

Batteries from Aliexpress. Both are out of order. The second jar failed for the left one, the third jar for the right one.

Left: battery for radio remote control with JR connector (black head). Right: Quadcopter battery

I strongly advise against purchasing batteries from China: both batteries ordered by me failed, that is, they stopped producing the required voltage (one bank failed). Yes, perhaps it was a matter of chance, but there were no such problems with other batteries, and a savings of 150 rubles. not worth the risk.

Turnigy 9X with battery. Sits very tight, the lid closes

10) Soldering iron by itself.

Total cost ~ 11878 - 13217 rubles.

If you are surprised by the list, then it is worth noting that most of everything that you buy will serve you more than once.

I also want to note that prices are constantly changing, so I cannot guarantee the minimum cost for links. I'm sure you can find cheaper. I just shared sources one to one coinciding with mine.

Assembly

Frame assembly

There is a chance that a kit of parts will come to you without instructions for assembling the frame. So it was with me. If this happened, then we collect the picture or video. At this stage, you should not tighten all the screws in the "combat mode", you may have to disassemble the frame more than once. At this stage, it is not worth screwing the upper part at all; without it, it is more convenient to work with the insides of the copter. Also, do not forget about the washers, which I wrote about above.

Let's not forget the pucks. Of course, you don’t have a white plate - these are the very remnants of 3D printed legs

Motor installation

A very simple operation, if you remember about the direction of rotation of the motors. Decide where you will have the front. Motors with a black nut, rotating clockwise, we put in the front left and rear right places.

Pay attention to the location of the engines

Motor mount

Soldering

Distribution board soldering

So, you have already tried on and decided how everything will be installed for you. Solder time. When soldering the board The most important thing is to observe the polarity! It doesn't matter which places to solder the wires to, it all depends on how you are going to install the board.

Solder the regulators and power wires. We observe polarity. (My version)

Solder the regulators and power wires. We observe polarity. (Another variant)

Solder regulators to motors

First of all, we remove the standard red heat shrink from the regulators. In order for the motors to rotate in the direction we need, the regulators to the motors should be soldered like this:

Connecting regulators to motors

I think that you have a question: where to put the long wires from the regulators. They can be soldered and removed completely, or they can be cut to the desired length. The second method is preferable for beginners, as there is less chance of overheating the regulator when soldering.

Fully soldered standard wires of the regulator. I don’t advise you to do this, it’s better to just shorten the wires (don’t pay attention to the location of the wires, the picture was taken to show something else. Correct scheme above )

Solder the T-connector. Polarity matters!

We fix the power board, speed controllers

Time to fasten. Remember that the frame of the quad is conductive, so the board must be insulated from it. I put it on two layers of double-sided tape, pulled it from one end with a clamp, and then secured it with an elastic band.

We fix the fee. Two layers of double-sided tape + clamp + elastic band

I hid the speed controllers in heat shrink, put them on double-sided tape, tightened them with clamps and, to be sure, tightened them with an elastic band. Looks more than safe

We fix the regulators. Heat shrink + double-sided tape + clamps + elastic band

We fix the flight controller, receiver

Double-sided tape and rubber bands come into play again. Again, the tighter you fasten, the better.

I have it done like this:

Fasten the flight controller (1). Grass left after the crash

Attaching the flight controller (2)

Fix the receiver. Butt he also sits on double-sided tape

We connect everything with wires

Flight controller controls

From each of the regulators we have 3 wires. You need to do the following: on three of the four regulators, you need to pull the red wire out of the connector. You need to connect the wires to the controller in a certain order, this will be discussed in the next part.

On three of the four regulators, you need to pull the red wire out of the connector

Receiver to flight controller

And here the order of connecting the wires to each channel is not important. You just need to connect the power wire correctly - the white wire is closer to the side with the sticker.

Connect the receiver to the flight controller. The power wire should be located white closer to the side with the sticker

We fasten the upper part of the frame, look what happened

I also added a "camera mount".

"Camera mount"

Total:

About falls and what to do while waiting for the package

Be prepared for some falls first. And this: broken propellers, legs and camera in my case.

broken legs

Broken camera. By the way, I advise you to additionally seal the connector with a flash drive with adhesive tape, there is a chance of loss if it falls

Here is a video from my very first flight.