How to define indeclinable nouns. Indeclinable nouns

Words that mean not animate objects. Indeclinable nouns of foreign origin, denoting inanimate objects, for the most part belong to the middle gender, for example: railway depot, interesting interview, fixed-route taxi, political status quo, healing aloe, woolen scarf.

The rule has a number of exceptions related to the influence of various analogies (Russian synonym, grammatical gender of a word denoting a generic concept, etc.).

So, the masculine gender includes the words: ha (cf .: one ha, the influence of the word hectare), coffee (the influence of the masculine gender of this word in French, from which it was borrowed, and also in connection with this, the existence of former forms of coffee, coffee), maki (thicket), penalty (influence of the Russian synonymous combination "penalty kick"), sirocco, tornado (generic concept of "wind"), suluguni (the generic concept of "cheese"), shimmy (the generic concept of "dance"), ecu (an old French coin; the influence of the source language) and some others. Under the influence of the word-concept "language", the words Bengali, Pashto, Suomi, Urdu, Hindi, etc.

The feminine gender includes the words: avenue (Russian synonym for street), bere (generic concept of “pear”), beriberi (generic concept of “disease”), kohlrabi (“cabbage”), salami (“sausage”) and some others.

Finally, some words are used in the form of two genders, for example: auto (middle and male, influenced by the word car), afghani (among and female), bibabd (middle and male, compare: small bibabo), brandy (among, and masculine, cf.: strong brandy), mocha beredi, and masculine, analogy with the use of the word coffee), nargile (among, and masculine, a close concept of "hookah"), pas de deux and pas de trois (Middle and masculine, generic term "dance"), Cicero (Middle and masculine, generic term "typeface"), Esperanto (Middle masculine, influence of the word language, see above) ; there are words that are simultaneously used in any of the genders and plural, for example, blinds (medium and plural; cf .: beautiful blinds). 2.

substantiated words. Substantivized indeclinable words are of the middle gender, for example: polite “hello”, always “yes”, loud “yelling, our tomorrow, sharp “I don’t want to”. 3.

Words for persons. Indeclinable nouns denoting persons are masculine or feminine depending on their meaning, i.e., correlation with the real gender of the designated person, for example:

1) masculine gender: rentier, military attache, coolie, duce, curé, referee, maestro, Nazi, Quasimodo, Yankee, Chevalier, bullfighter, impresario, caballero, pierro; 2)

female: fraulein, ingenue, travesty, miss, lady, nude, pani, madam, milady; 3)

two-kind: counterpart (cf .: my counterpart turned out to be an interesting interlocutor - my counterpart turned out to be an interesting interlocutor), protégé (cf.: our protégé lived up to all hopes - our protégé justified all hopes); incognito (cf .: the mysterious incognito suddenly disappeared - the mysterious incognito suddenly disappeared); hippie (cf.: young hippie sang - young hippie sang); 4)

neuter: jury (in collective meaning; cf .: the jury decided).

Words denoting animals, birds, etc. indeclinable nouns denoting animate objects (except for persons, see above) are masculine, for example: zebu, pony, chimpanzee, cockatoo, kangaroo, flamingo, macao, rhea, koala , zhako. Wherein masculine used regardless of the sex of the animal. However, if the context indicates a female, then the corresponding words are used in the feminine form, for example: a kangaroo carried a kangaroo in a bag, a chimpanzee fed a cub.

The words collie, grizzly are bigeneric (middle and

geographical names. Genus of indeclinable nouns denoting geographical proper names(names of cities, rivers, lakes, islands, mountains, etc.), determined by gender common noun, acting as a generic concept (i.e., by the nature of the words city, river, lake, etc.), for example: sunny Tbilisi (city), wide Mississippi (river), full-flowing Erie (lake), hard-to-reach Jungfrau (mountain ), picturesque Capri (island).

Deviations from the rules are explained by the influence of analogy, the use of the word in a different meaning, the tendency to refer to the middle gender non-inflected words in -o, etc. Second Baku (the name of the place of oil production, not the city), New Sochi ( false analogy with words in the plural form like Velikiye Luki).

Sometimes the same word is used in different generic forms, depending on which concept is meant. Compare: during the crisis, Somalia suffered from food shortages. - Somalia accepted humanitarian aid with gratitude (in the first case, the concept of “state” is meant, in the second - “country”), 6.

Media names. The grammatical gender of indeclinable media names is also determined by the generic name, for example: BBC reported (British Broadcasting Corporation); liberal News Chronicle. Often there is an erroneous agreement: the BBC reported (as an indeclinable neuter noun), The Times published ... (the title with a final consonant is assigned to the masculine gender), Burda fashion showed a new summer collection of clothes (name of the magazine) .

7. Abbreviations. Abbreviations formed by combining the initial letters of those words that make up the full name determine their grammatical gender according to the gender of the leading word of the compound name, for example: MGU (Moscow State University) celebrated its bicentennial; ATS (automatic telephone exchange) has increased the number of subscribers. Sometimes other agreement is also allowed, for example: ITAR-TASS reported ... (an abbreviation with a final consonant is assigned to the masculine gender).

The same provision applies to complex abbreviated words (read by initial sounds or including syllabic formations), if these words are not inclined, for example: local selpo (rural consumer society).

Indeclinable nouns

Nouns without inflection forms. For such nouns, the relation to other words in the phrase and in the sentence is expressed not by the case form (ending), but analytically - with the help of prepositions and various forms agreement of the words associated with these nouns. Indeclinable nouns include:

1) common nouns and proper names, foreign in origin, ending in unstressed and stressed e (e), and, o, u and stressed a: coffee, muffin, aloe, pony, taxi, cocoa, slang, bantu, cockatoo, interview, entrecha ; Dante, Dode, Verdi, Mali, Oslo, Bordeaux, Shaw, Barthou, Dumas, Zola;

2) common nouns and proper names of females, foreign in origin, ending in a consonant sound: madam, mademoiselle, missus; Carmen, Carolina Schlegel;

3) Ukrainian surnames with -ko: Korolenko, Lyashko;

4) Russian surnames in -ago (-yago), -ovo, -ykh, -ikh, ascending to the genitive case forms of the singular or plural adjectives; Shambinago, Dubyago, Sedykh, Long, Durnovo;

5) Russian surnames with a consonant denoting females: Tatyana Zhuk, Anna Greben;

6) alphabetic (less often sound) abbreviations and compound words for a vowel: Ukrainian SSR, Moscow State University, UN, rono, selpo, Mosenergo.

Dictionary-reference linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what "indeclinable nouns" are in other dictionaries:

Names not covered by inflection (nominal declension): metro, kangaroo. Most often these are foreign words, their resistance is Russian. grammar is explained by the lack of declension in the source language and the tendency towards analyticism (the expression of grammatical ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Morphology. ... Wikipedia

Gender of indeclinable nouns- 1. Words denoting inanimate objects. Indeclinable nouns of foreign origin, denoting inanimate objects, for the most part belong to the middle gender, for example: healing aloe, Scotch whiskey, ... ... A guide to spelling and style

1) The lexical and grammatical category of a noun, inherent in all nouns (with the exception of words used only in the plural), syntactically independent, manifested in their ability to combine with those defined for ...

NON-GRAMMATIC CATEGORIES OF WORDS. Such categories of words that are not designated as special categories using grammatical means; such grammatical means can be both the forms of the words themselves, and the ability to enter into certain ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

Non-grammatical categories of words- NON-GRAMMATIC CATEGORIES OF WORDS. Such categories of words that are not designated as special categories using grammatical means; such grammatical means can be both the forms of the words themselves, and the ability to enter into ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

Aya, oh; nyem, ah, oh. gram. Having no forms of declension, not changing in cases. Indeclinable nouns... Small Academic Dictionary

A part of grammar (morphology) that ensures the change of words. The main means of inflection is endings (case numerical, personal). Each part of speech has a special inflection, it may not cover individual words- There are indestructible... Literary Encyclopedia

- (from lat. adjectivum adjective). The transition of other parts of speech into the category of adjectives. Most often used as adjectives passive participles past tense (exquisite taste, ground coffee), present tense (indeclinable ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Books

• Suitcase "I'm going to 1st class" . A set of games (6703613) , Barchan Tatyana Alexandrovna. A set of games in a suitcase "I'm stepping into grade 1" Dictionary expansion, synonyms and homonyms, proverbs, phraseological units, the beginning of grammar, number composition, acquaintance with the outside world Games in the set: ...

In modern literary language there is a fairly significant number of nouns that, in their meaning and syntactic use, do not differ from other nouns, but, unlike them, do not form case forms, do not decline.

Such indeclinable nouns are, first of all, many borrowed words masculine, feminine. and avg. genders that end in vowels y, i, e, o and hit a:kangaroo, cockatoo, stew, passe-partout, interview, hummingbird, drapery, jury, lady, scarf, coffee, rentier, tour, purse, foyer, bureau, depot, veto, cocoa, coat, piano, role, entrecha, bourgeois and others. This also includes proper names used in the Russian language that are not Russian in origin and start with the same vowels: Peru, Baku, Hankou, Bartu, Tahiti, Chile, Somalia, Tbilisi, Sukhumi, Leonardi, Garibaldi, Mary, Kitty, Calais, Ostend, Goethe, Heine, Jose, Bordeaux, Oslo, Tokyo, Hugo, Leonardo, Bruno, Alma- Ata, Yoshkar-Ola etc. In addition, from borrowed words, feminine nouns do not change in cases. genders ending in a hard consonant, including proper names: madam, Carmen, Madeleine, Kate, Helen; surnames applied to women: Peterson, Ginzburg, Pole, Tager etc.

Then, indeclinable nouns are some surnames formed by means of certain suffixes. These are the surnames, which are petrified forms of the genus. pad. units and plural. numbers, into suffixes -ovo: Khitrovo, Solovovo, Durnovo and etc.; -ago: Zhivago, Veselago and etc.; -them: Dry, Nude, Mountain, Twisted etc., as well as surnames with a suffix -ko, if their stress falls on the final vowel: Lyashko, Janko, Franko etc. and when stressed not on the final vowel: Korolenko, Shevchenko, Yaroshenko etc., when such surnames are applied to women.

At present, the number of indeclinable nouns is also increasing due to complex abbreviated words formed by combining the initial letters or sounds of the full name. Such words are not declined if they end in a vowel in pronunciation or if the letter consists only of letters denoting consonant sounds: the USSR(esseser), Central Committee(ceca), Red Army(erkakaa), MONO, STO and etc.

Without changing in cases, indeclinable nouns appear, however, in speech in the same meanings that are expressed by the case forms of ordinary nouns, cf .: hangs a coat, sews a coat, put on a coat, is satisfied with a coat etc.; moreover, their relation to other words of speech can also be expressed by prepositions: a button from a coat, wrapped in a coat, sewed a button to a coat, altered from a coat etc. Adjectives defining such indeclinable nouns are put in the case in which they would stand in this proposal with inflected nouns: hanging new coat(the dress), no new coat(dresses) went to the new coat(dress), etc.

Due to the absence of case forms, indeclinable nouns do not have morphological features by which their number and gender would differ. Therefore, the belonging of these nouns to one or another gender, as well as their number, is determined exclusively syntactically, by the agreed forms of adjectives and verbs: beautiful cockatoo, noble lady, woolen muffler, new coat hanging, new coats hanging and etc.

In the distribution of indeclinable nouns, not proper names, by gender, a certain semantic sequence is observed. Namely: the words denoting "inanimate", "inanimate" objects, as a rule, refer to the middle. genus: stew, interview, drapery, scarf, purse, bureau, depot, coat, piano, role etc. The deviations observed in this relation ( burnt coffee etc.) are explained mainly by the use of these words in the kind that they have in the language from which they were borrowed. There were quite a lot of them in the language of the writers of the 19th century, cf.: Ai is like a mistress ... but you, Bordeaux, are like a friend(A. Pushkin), He is happy if she puts a fluffy boa on her shoulder(A. Pushkin), our bet(M. Lermontov), my cocoa, lovely piano, gray coat(L. Tolstoy), wallet left under the pillow(F. Dostoevsky), well-worn muffler(A. Pisemsky) and others, but now in most cases such words are middle. kind. Words average. gender opposed masculine nouns. and female genus, which denote "living", "animate" objects. Of these, to the female gender includes words denoting females: lady, madam, and to the male genus - words that denote "living" objects, regardless of their belonging to one or another gender: bourgeois, rentier, kangaroo, cockatoo and etc.

Lesson Objectives:

a) Introduce students to the concept of "indeclinable nouns"; be able to find indeclinable nouns in sentences and use them correctly in speech;

b) to teach children to explore and analyze the morphological features of an indeclinable noun and to distinguish between inflected and indeclinable nouns; determine the case of indeclinable nouns; generalize and systematize the acquired knowledge, draw conclusions and conclusions;

c) promote the development of students' speech, expand their vocabulary; cultivate interest in the language.

Lesson type: lesson-assimilation of new ZUN through the solution of educational problems.

Applied methods: Cognitive UUD: Search for the necessary information, semantic reading.

Personal UUD: the ability to analyze and comprehend their achievements.

Meta-subject result: learn to set the goal and objectives of the lesson, conduct self-control and self-assessment.

Subject result:

Know: indeclinable nouns

To be able to: find indeclinable nouns, use them correctly in speech.

During the classes

Org. Moment

1. Checking homework

2. Assimilation of new concepts and the formation of skills and abilities.

Today we, continuing to work on the topic “Declination of nouns”, will get acquainted with very interesting words. Listen to the poem "About how not to talk":

Somehow early in the morning with a friend we sat down in the meter,
And we went in a meter to watch a movie about a kangaroo,
Here we are sitting with him in a kina without a coat and without a scarf ...
Or rather - me and you without a scarf and without a coat.
The kangaroo entered the cafe. I took an empty table there.
And he sits at the domino with a chimpanzee and a cockatoo.
Suddenly a huge monkey began to play the piano.
Here the adult took off his pince-nez and laughed all the way.
Interesting movie! Too bad it's over!

What words seemed strange to use? (kangaroo, cinema, coat, cafe, subway, piano, chimpanzee, pince-nez, scarf, cockatoo) Do you understand all the meanings of the words?

Vocabulary work:

planters - decorative vase for flower pot

cockatoo - a bird of a detachment of parrots with a crest on its head,

scarf - neck scarf,

pince-nez - a kind of glasses held by the bridge of the nose with the help of a spring,

manto - a wide ladies' dress.

foyer - a room in a theater, cinema, etc. for the stay of the audience before the start of the performance, film, concert.

And now each of you will work as an editor. Take the papers with the text and correct the mistakes . (I distribute in rows)

3. Definition of the topic of lessons, goal setting

• What do all the words we corrected in the poem have in common?
• What is the topic of our lesson?
• What is the purpose of the lesson? What should we know? What to learn in class?
• Do you think there are many such words?
• Are there indeclinable surnames?
• Which of your friends or in the class has an indeclinable last name?

Physical education:

We walk together in the forest (steps in place)
And we collect the leaves (tilts forward)
Everyone is happy to collect them
Just a wonderful leaf fall! (Jumping in place, clapping hands)

4. Groups of indeclinable nouns

Indeclinable nouns are nouns that in all cases have only the nominative form.

Let's try to decline one of the indeclinable nouns:

I.p. metro built

R.p. standing at the subway

D.p. I'm walking on the subway

V.p. I see the subway

etc. admire the subway

P.p. I'm going to the subway

5. Let's get acquainted with groups of indeclinable nouns

1. Borrowed nouns with a final vowel -O, -E, -I, -U, -Yu and a final stressed vowel - A (common and proper)

Animal world: kangaroo, cockatoo, chimpanzee, hummingbird, pony.

Clothing, food and human habitation: muffler, tights, pince-nez, manteau, purse, khaki, coat, mango, cocoa, coffee, popsicle, salami, ivasi, fillet, blinds, foyer, dressing table, piano, planter, domino, piano, radio .

City: avenue, highway, scoreboard, show, panel, atelier, cafe, subway, taxi, cinema.

Names, surnames, titles: Tbilisi, Congo, Tokyo, Sochi, A. Dumas, Chipollino, Peppy, Mowgli, Pinocchio. .

2. Borrowed nouns denoting females and ending in a consonant: miss, madam, E. Voynich, M. Poppins

3. Russian and Ukrainian surnames ending in -О and -ЫХ(-Х): Rudykh, Malykh, Levchenko, Daineko, Golovnykh, Tikhikh, A.N.Prikhodko.

4. Compound words: traffic police, exercise therapy, media, VVC, PFT

(We read the rule from the textbook p.140-141)

There are many indeclinable nouns in Russian. For example, jury, interview. Yes, you yourself can continue this list. Give examples.

Hummingbird, kangaroo, highway,
Flamingo, pony, chimpanzee,
Cocoa, coffee, dominoes,
Aloe, radio, movies,
Taxi, subway, coupe, coat,
Muffler, cafe, dressing table, coat,
And cockatoo, dragee, bet,
And interviews, stews, jury
And the piano, and the foyer,
Puree, bureau and atelier -
You are everything memorize the words,
But never bend them!

Let's do ex. No. 267 one at the blackboard the rest in the notebook

6. Let's play the game "Break the rhyme" (handouts)

Correct the mistakes made by the poet in this text, put indeclinable nouns in the correct form, determine their case. (distributing papers)

Loves kiny kids,
If in the kins of a kangaroo,
Walks - wanders along the highway,
Carries a chimpanzee in a bag.
Kangaroo went to the cafe
Took a free table there
And sits at the domino
With chimpanzees and cockatoos.

Suddenly a huge monkey
He began to play the piano.
Here is an adult, taking off his pince-nez,
Laughed all the way.
Interesting movie.
Too bad it ended.
It's time to run to the wardrobe -
Will give out favors.

3rd group. The task is to insert into the phrases the indeclinable nouns that are suitable in meaning. Taxi, subway, coat, piano, radio, cinema, purse, atelier, salami, highway, pony.

• Exit from , play on , walk without ,
• Ride along , sandwich with , come to ,
• To ride on , take out from , listen on ,
• Go to , to work in .

Game “Name it in one word”

Children must identify words by their lexical meaning.

On the cards for each group, the lexical meaning of words. Children have to guess “What is it?”

1. Outerwear for winter and autumn.

2. Underground railway.

3. Keyboard musical instrument.

4. Asphalt road.

5. Sort of ice cream on a stick.

6. Drink from coffee beans.

Sayings of children (coat, subway, piano, highway, popsicle, coffee)

Let's solve the crossword

Horizontally:

1. A kind of glasses held by the bridge of the nose with a spring.

2. Musical keyboard instrument.

3. Kind of ice cream in chocolate.

4. Road with a hard surface.

5. Method of wireless transmission and reception of sound.

(pince-nez, piano, popsicle, highway, radio)

Vertically:

1. Hired car with payment by meter.

2. Building for parking and repair of locomotives and wagons.

3. Playing records with points.

4, Neck scarf.

5. Underground, ground or elevated on overpasses

(taxi, depot, domino, scarf, subway)

7. Lesson summary:

I will read "Song - the result" by Arkady Khait.

To become literate and write well,
Never change in different cases
No cinema, no dominoes, no bureau, no subway
No muffler, no pince-nez, no highway, no chimpanzees.
You can sing a song both at a party and at home,
Unless you change the end of the word
No cocoa, no depot, no cafe and no coat,
No hummingbird, no cockatoo, no jury, no kangaroo.

8. Reflection

• I found out...
• I understand...
• It was interesting...
• It caused trouble...

9. Homework: Exercise 266, workbook. #52

indeclinable nouns

1. Taxi, subway, coat, piano, radio, cinema, purse, atelier, salami, highway, pony.
2. Highway, cafe, subway, coat, movie, piano, coffee, jelly, cocoa, filet, bingo, kangaroo, radio.
3. 
   
   
   When indeclinable nouns are combined with other words, the case form is determined either by the construction of the entire sentence: There was a new dressing table in the room (im. p.), or by the endings of adjectives consistent with indeclinable nouns: He wrapped his neck in a soft scarf (tv. p.).
4. Bureau, zebu, highway, hobby, polto.
5. cinema domino coat of the jury consommé and many more

   Indeclinable nouns

   Indeclinable nouns do not have case forms; these words do not have endings. The grammatical meanings of individual cases in relation to such nouns are expressed syntactically, for example: drink coffee, buy cashews, Dumas novels.

   Indeclinable nouns include: 1) many nouns of foreign origin with final vowels -о, -е, -и, -у, -ю, -а (solo, coffee, hobby, zebu, cashew, bra, Dumas, Zola); 2) foreign-language surnames denoting females ending in a consonant (Michon, Sagan); 3) Russian and Ukrainian surnames in -o, -ih, -iy (Durnovo, Krutykh, Sedykh); 4) complex abbreviated words of an alphabetic and mixed character (MGU, Ministry of Internal Affairs, head of the department).

   syntax function Indeclinable nouns are defined only in context. For example: The walrus asked the Kangaroo (R. p.): How can you stand the heat? I'm shivering from the cold! Kangaroo (I. p.) said to the Walrus. (B. Zakhoder)

   Kangaroo is an indeclinable noun, denoting an animal, masculine, in a sentence it is an object and subject.

6. kangaroo chimpanzee cocoa subway Cinema, domino, kangaroo, coat, jury, consommé, coffee, solo, hobby, piano, pony, karate, highway cf. p:taxi, dash, foyer, highway, coat, karate, tights, sketches. well. R: Lady, Mrs., Madam. m. r: pony, kangaroo, bourgeois., madam, taxi, subway, radio. Taxi, subway, coat, piano, radio, cinema, purse, atelier, salami, highway, pionino pony

   this is all that was said above and some will be repeated

   sorry 🙂

7. Subway, coat...
   1143. Indeclinable nouns naming animate objects refer to male. or wives. R. This relatedness corresponds to the opposition of generic meanings that characterize all animate. nouns (see 1138). To wives. R. include words that call females (Miss, Mrs, Madame, Frau, Lady), names and surnames of women (Betsy, Mary, Marie, Carmen, Helen; Zasulich, Curie, Norkevich, Pedersen); to husband. R. include words that call a person in general, words that call males by social status or profession, as well as the names of animals, regardless of their belonging to one sex or another: (large) bourgeois, (middle) rentier, (Spanish) hidalgo, (military ) attache, (familiar) entertainer, curate, porter; (adorable) cockatoo, (swift-footed) kangaroo, (small) pony, (funny) chimpanzee.

   If necessary, to emphasize the gender of the animal noun, as a rule, is determined by the adjective in the form of husband. or wives. R. (on formations such as chimpanzee, kengurikha, see 384). In this case, the feminine gender denotes the belonging of the animal to female gender, but for masculine, in addition to the ability to indicate belonging to male gender, the possibility of a general designation remains, regardless of gender: It is not every day that we have to sit in the company of a young and in its own way pretty chimpanzee (gaz.); Monkeys have developed a certain instinct for creepers. When we have to calm down a rebellious chimpanzee, we turn to an ordinary grass snake (gaz.); Baby Vega is the first and so far the only chimpanzee born in zoos Soviet Union. She is five months old (gaz.).

   Indeclinable nouns vis-à-vis, protégé, incognito are characterized by a dual generic affiliation (see 1146): this, my, our vis-a-vis this, my, our vis-a-vis; my, my protégé. Ex. incognito can refer to the husband. and avg. R.

   Indeclinable nouns include: 1) many nouns of foreign origin with final vowels -о, -е, -и, -у, -ю, -а (solo, coffee, hobby, zebu, cashew, bra, Dumas, Zola); 2) foreign-language surnames denoting females ending in a consonant (Michon, Sagan); 3) Russian and Ukrainian surnames in -o, -ih, -iy (Durnovo, Krutykh, Sedykh); 4) complex abbreviated words of an alphabetic and mixed character (Moscow State University, Ministry of Internal Affairs, head of the department).

8. Kangaroo
9. coat, movie, confetti, hummingbird, kiwi, cafe, filet, floss...
10. Miss, boa, stew, madam, popsicle, dressing table, mrs, menu, cafe, avenue, subway, citro, chimpanzee, highway, plateau, cockatoo, kangaroo, attache, communiqué, coupe, Dumas, coat
11. Indeclinable nouns include those that do not change in cases. Most indeclinable nouns are foreign borrowings.
    In the group of indeclinable nouns, common nouns of the masculine, feminine and neuter gender are distinguished, ending in vowels y, and, e, o and stressed a: bureau, blinds, riding breeches, monpensier, coat, lady, stew, antrasha, bourgeois, etc .; geographical names: Chicago, Tbilisi, Oslo, Bordeaux; names of persons: Jose, Mary, etc.
    Indeclinable nouns also include borrowed feminine nouns ending in a solid consonant (both common nouns and proper ones): Madame, Irene, Polyak, Goldenberg, Zegers, etc.
    Indeclinable nouns are some surnames in -ovo, -ago, -yh, -ih: Durnovo, Dubyago, Black, Dry, Chutky, etc.
    Surnames in -ko (regardless of stress) are also among the indeclinable ones: Shevchenko, Franko (for example, the works of Ivan Franko), etc.
    The number of indeclinable nouns in the modern Russian language is replenished by individual complex abbreviated words: NTO, UFO, FSB and Ch.
    When indeclinable nouns are combined with other words, the case form is determined either by the construction of the entire sentence: There was a new dressing table in the room (im. p.), or by the endings of adjectives consistent with indeclinable nouns: He wrapped his neck in a soft scarf (tv. p.). This bullshit
12. pionino
13. For example, jury, interview

    Hummingbird, kangaroo, highway
    Flamingo, pony, chimpanzee,
    Cocoa, coffee, dominoes
    Aloe, radio, movies,
    Taxi, subway, coupe, coat
    Muffler, cafe, dressing table, coat,
    And cockatoo, dragee, bet,
    And interviews, stews, jury
    And the piano, and the foyer,
    Puree, bureau and atelier You memorize all the words,
    But never bend them!
    Coat, cinema, subway, depot, scoreboard, dressing table, cache-pot, casino, advice note, radio, piano, pianoforte, kimono, popsicle, contralto, frill, leotard, lasso, lotto, domino, zero, photo, video, maestro, mikado, tour, scarf, meringue, riding breeches, cabaret, pince-nez, highway, dossier, square, karate, jelly, relay, coffee, olivier, croupier, rentier, porter, attaché, tsetse, taxi, salami, ivasi, hummingbird, penalty kick, matsoni, satsivi, sushi, assorted, chassis, bet, blinds, jury, travesty, lady, paparazzi, stew, azu, cockatoo, emu, kangaroo, menu, avenue, ingenue, boa, bra, bourgeois...
    And many others.

14. whats the question?
15. kangaroo chimpanzee cocoa subway. And "wine" bows!
16. cf. p:taxi, dash, foyer, highway, coat, karate, tights, sketches. well. R: Lady, Mrs., Madam. m. r: pony, kangaroo, bourgeois.
17. Cinema, domino, kangaroo, coat, jury, consommé, coffee, solo, hobby, piano, pony, karate, highway, madam, taxi, subway, radio.
18. Coat, cinema, subway, depot, scoreboard, dressing table, cache-pot, casino, advice note, radio, piano, pianoforte, kimono, popsicle, contralto, jabot, leotard, lasso, loto, domino, zero, photo, video, maestro, mikado, tour, scarf, meringue, riding breeches, cabaret, pince-nez, highway, dossier, square, karate, jelly, relay, coffee, Olivier, croupier, rentier, porter, attache, tsetse, taxi, salami, ivasi, hummingbird, penalty kick, matsoni, satsivi, sushi, assorted, chassis, bet, blinds, jury, travesty, lady, paparazzi, stew, azu, cockatoo, emu, kangaroo, menu, avenue, ingenue, boa, bra, bourgeois, puree, atelier, dragee, manto, muffler, foyer, bureau, interview, piano, jury, dragee, chimpanzee, hummingbird, highway, pony, radio, cocoa domino, kangaroo, flamingo, stew, aloe, coat, taxi, cinema, cafe, subway, muffler, bet, coupe .