1 sentence where the verb is expressed by the circumstance. The meaning of circumstances in Russian
Circumstance- a secondary member of the sentence, which indicates the place, time, reason, mode of action, etc. and answers the questions: where? when? why? as? and etc.
Circumstances are divided into the following categories:
1. Circumstances of the course of action. They answer questions as? how? and denote qualitative characteristic action or the way it is carried out (“mode of action”). The circumstances of the mode of action depend on the verb (worked well, together, without tension, together, manually): Tarantass uneven jumped on round logs: I got out and went on foot(I. Turgenev); blue, the skies are shining (A. Pushkin).
2. Circumstances of degree. They answer questions as? in what degree? how much ? and indicate the degree of manifestation of the trait (increased twice, a little older, absolutely uninteresting): I did not stop: my jokes were smart to stupidity my ridicule... was evil to the point of frenzy... (M. Lermontov); The old woman was very fond of reasonable and good advice ... (A. Pushkin).
The circumstances of the degree may depend on adjectives, adverbs, verbs, i.e. from the words of those parts of speech that designate a sign.
For example, late (late, late) very, too, a little.
3. Circumstances of the place. They answer questions where? where? where? and indicate the place of action or direction of movement ( above, above - up, up; ahead - ahead): At Lukomorye green oak (A. Pushkin); Language to Kyiv bring (proverb).
4. Circumstances of time. They answer questions when? since when? How long? how long? and denote the time and duration of the described phenomena and events ( yesterday, once, a long time ago, about a week, all winter, not for long etc.): Returning home, I mounted and galloped steppe... (M. Lermontov); Ah, this song until now keeps young grass - steppe malachite (M. Svetlov); Oh! The one who says love is the end for three years will leave far away (A. Griboyedov).
5. Circumstances causes. They answer questions why? for what reason?
and indicate the cause of the event ( for some reason, because of the heat, because of the rain, thanks to support, due to circumstances etc.): From idleness mental and physical flabbiness occurs (D. Pisarev);
...The maid didn't tell anyone about anything, fearing the wrath of the masters(A. Pushkin).
6. Circumstances of the goal. They answer questions why? for what purpose? and indicate the purpose of the action (went for help; raised the collar, shielding from the wind; for pleasure, came to say goodbye): I, your old matchmaker and godfather, came to put up with you completely not for the fight... (I. Krylov); Didn't you at first so viciously persecute his free, bold gift and for fun fanned a little lurking fire? (M. Lermontov).
7. Circumstances conditions. They answer the question under what condition?
and indicate conditions that can cause a certain effect: Without knowing history culture, impossible to be cultured person... (M. Gorky); Only subject to an attack on Tsaritsyn we can talk about the establishment of a single command (M. Sholokhov).
Due to their bookishness, the circumstances of the conditions are of little use.
8. Circumstances of assignment. They answer questions in spite of what? contrary to what? and denote phenomena that prevent or are inconsistent with the actions or conditions reported in grammatical basis suggestions.
Sentences with circumstances of concession are, as it were, opposed to sentences with circumstances of cause, conveying a natural correspondence between phenomena. In sentences with circumstances of concession, it is said about phenomena that are observed despite the circumstances: Contrary to my companion's prediction, the weather cleared up and promised us a quiet morning ... (M. Lermontov); ...Sleptsov, despite illness, did not stop intense creative work(K. Chukovsky).
The circumstances can be expressed as:
1) adverb:
blue eyes stare smooth, calm... (V. Korolenko);
2) a noun in the indirect case:
On holidays slept until ten o'clock.. (M. Gorky);
3) gerund or participle turnover:
Getting out of bed, Arkady opened the window... (I. Turgenev);
4) infinitive (only a circumstance of purpose):
And Onegin went out; home get dressed he rides (A. Pushkin);
5) an indivisible phrase or stable combinations words:
The next day early in the morning Kazbich arrived (M. Lermontov); But soon we were fate for a long time divorced (A. Pushkin); On the opposite side of the ravine- German trenches. Very near at hand(V. Nekrasov).
Syntax is a section of the science of language that studies the composition and means of expression and secondary members of a sentence. are the main semantic center of the utterance. Without the presence of at least one main member of a sentence, there cannot be a full-fledged lexical and grammatical unit. But the secondary elements, although they are called so, play no less important role in the transfer of semantic shades of the statement, grammatical relations within it. Addition, definition and circumstance - these members of the sentence perform an explanatory function, referring to one of the main ones, describing them.
Definition of the term
Let's take a closer look at what a circumstance is. It includes nouns and adverbs, pronouns that answer the questions “where?”, “Where?”, “How?”, “When?”, “From where?” etc. They denote the place, cause, time of action, image, etc. The circumstance is connected primarily with verbs, in particular with the predicate. Especially if it is expressed by transitive predicates, for example:
- Natasha took the doll (where?) to the room.
- Mitya and his father spent the whole summer (where?) in the country.
- The guys jumped (how?) high And How?) noisy.
In addition to the listed parts of speech, circumstances are expressed by pronominal adverbs, gerunds, indefinite form verb:
- My brother went outside to breathe in the clean frosty air and admire the clear brilliance of the stars.
- The angry kid sat frowning and turned offendedly to the side.
That's in in general terms coverage of the topic “What is a circumstance”. Let us now consider it in more detail, using specific examples.
Types of circumstances
Depending on the expressed meaning, circumstances are divided into lexico-semantic groups, each of which has its own set of questions. These include:
Syntactic parsing of circumstance
Like any member of the proposal, circumstances are subject to parsing. Its order is as follows:
- it is necessary to isolate the desired unit from the proposal;
- indicate to which category by value the circumstance belongs;
- determine the part of speech that expresses it, for example: Here we live well (here - the circumstance of the place, expressed by the adverb; good - the circumstance of measure and degree, expressed by the adverb).
Polysemy of a word
In developed language systems, there is such a thing as polysemy, or polysemy. It indicates that a word can have not one, but two or more lexical meanings. The Russian language belongs to such complex, multi-level formations. Polysemy is associated with such a phenomenon as figurativeness, expressiveness, and tropes. In light of this, another definition of circumstance can be given - no longer as a member of a sentence, but as a lexical unit. This is a word that has the following shades of meaning: business situation, condition, conditions, situation, for example:
- The conditions under which the duel took place soon became public knowledge.
- With a detailed study of the picture of the crime, the investigator became aware of new details.
As you can see, the word is and has a fairly extensive synonymous range. The expression “life circumstances” also belongs to this category: a series of situations that entailed certain events, phenomena, actions.
legal term
In jurisprudence, there are also phrases that include this lexeme. In a certain context they have opposite meaning and form antonymic pairs. These are "mitigating special circumstances" and "aggravating circumstances". The first in criminal law designate such phenomena that indicate that the criminal is not as dangerous as he could be in the absence of them. And, conversely, under aggravating circumstances, the guilt of the offender is considered in more serious aspects.
syntaxe predicate circumstance action
Circumstance - a minor member of the sentence, which serves to characterize the action or sign and indicates the way the action is performed, the time, place, reason, purpose or condition for the course of the action. The main types of circumstances
Circumstances are divided into the following groups:
1. Circumstances of the place. Designate a place, a way of movement, etc. Answer questions where? where? where? etc. Examples: Grasses were green everywhere (I. Turgenev); And day and night I hurry to you through the snowy desert ... (A. Griboyedov).
2. Circumstances of time. Indicate the duration of the action. Answer questions when? since when? How long? and others. Examples: In the morning, the Larins' house is full of guests (A. Pushkin).
3. Circumstances of the mode of action and degree. They denote the quality or method of performing an action, measure, degree of action (sign). Answer questions how? how? how? to what extent? how much? at what price? and others. Examples: The willow leans sadly at the mass soldiers' graves (M. Dudin); The desert golden eagle hangs at its zenith, embracing the space with its wings (V. Lugovskoy); Once Seryozha fell in the yard, got his knees covered in blood and came home crying (V. Panova); It was about a verst to the station (M. Lermontov); Each such piece weighs hundreds of pounds (V. Garshin); He was bold to the point of folly (I. Turgenev).
4. Circumstances causes. Indicate the reason for the commission of an action or the occurrence of a sign. Answering questions why? from what? because of which? for what reason? etc. Examples: Why is the sea wave so dear to me? (A. Zharov); Uncut grasses are so fragrant that out of habit the head becomes foggy and heavy (K. Paustovsky); He felt ashamed because of his doubts (I. Turgenev).
5. Circumstances conditions. Indicate a condition under which an action can take place. Answer the questions under what condition? in which case? Examples: What would happen to her in case of my illness! (A. Chekhov); Without sowing, do not wait for the harvest (Proverb); If you don’t see the bitter, you won’t know the sweet either (Proverb).
6. Circumstances of assignment. Indicate that the action is performed despite the obstacles. Answer questions no matter what? contrary to what? Examples: Against my desire, they met (V. Garshin); Nezhdanov felt lonely, despite the devotion of his friends (I. Turgenev); Work, despite the early hour, was already in full swing (V. Nabokov).
7. Circumstances of the goal. Describe the purpose of the action. Answer questions why? for what? for what purpose? Examples: Maria Trofimovna does everything in her power to decorate and enrich the land (K. Paustovsky); Everything was given for his salvation: happiness, love, life was given (K. Paustovsky).
8. Circumstances of comparison. Indicates a comparison. Answer the question like what? Examples: As if enchanted, a village is dozing on a hill (N. Gogol); The snow lay in waves and shone like sugar (L. Tolstoy); My companion purrs, like a cat, some song (M. Gorky); I, like a sunbeam, was alive and now I had to sit motionless, like a stone (M. Gorky).
Circumstances are distinguished by their meaning
1) mode of action (answer the questions how? in what way?):
We went on foot.
2) time (when? since when? until when?):
We arrived yesterday.
3) places (where? where? where?):
I ran ahead.
4) reasons (why?):
I'm dizzy from fatigue.
5) goals (why?):
I came to reconcile.
6) measures and degrees (to what extent, degree?) - these circumstances mainly relate to adjectives, participles, adverbs:
He was very attentive and did everything right.
7) conditions (under what condition?):
You can't go there without calling.
8) concessions (despite what?):
Despite the rain, we still left the house.
Circumstances are expressed
1) adverbs (for adverbs this syntactic function- main):
We arrived in the morning.
2) gerunds (including with dependent words - gerunds):
He sat basking in the sun.
3) nouns (including those with conjunctions like, as if, as if, exactly, etc. - comparative phrases):
He read poetry with expression, like a professional reader.
4) infinitive:
I want to go for a walk
5) stable non-phraseological and phraseological combinations:
I lost my notebook two days ago.
He ran headlong, but still came to the hat analysis. The circumstances of the mode of action are subordinate to the verb and express the qualitative characteristics of the action or the way the action is carried out - “the mode of action”. In both cases, the question how to apply to them? a) worked well (quickly, amicably, with pleasure, without stress); b) worked together (alternately, together, manually, in shifts, under a contract, on a self-supporting basis). Like the circumstances of the degree, the circumstances of the mode of action differ from other categories of circumstances in that semantically they are usually closely related to one specific word of the sentence and cannot act as determinants. Expressing various signs of action, they are similar in function to definitions, and with verbal nouns they correspond to definitions; for example, with the word work: friendly, intense, shift, joint, contractual, etc.
The circumstances of the mode of action can be expressed by adverbs, prepositional-case and case forms of nouns and participles: The horses walked briskly ...; Her son ... looked frowningly at Nikita; During the night, the frost covered the trees even thicker. Adverbs are the main mode of expression. The most common forms of nouns in expressing the circumstances of the mode of action are: creation. pad. without a pretext - they entered in a flock, said in a thin voice, arrived by bus; with + creative. pad. (when denoting a symptom by an accompanying action or state) - listened anxiously, spoke with irritation, said with a sigh; form in + adv. pad., synonymous with the form with + creative. pad. in cases of indicating an accompanying emotional state, she listened in alarm, asked in bewilderment, etc.; form without + genus. pad., antonymous to forms with + creative. pad. and in + proposition. pad., - he spoke already without irritation, looked without surprise, asked without a smile.
When designating an accompanying action or state in the language, there are ample opportunities for synonymous expression: they rushed with a cry and whistle - shouting and whistling; looked in bewilderment - in bewilderment, bewilderment, bewilderment of simple sentences on prevalence and completeness.
By the presence of secondary members (definition, addition, circumstance) simple sentences divided into common and non-common. A proposal consisting only of the main (main) members of the proposal is called non-extended. If the proposal, in addition to the main members, has at least one minor member, then such a proposal is called common.
Individual members may be omitted from the proposal. This mainly happens when they have already been used in the previous context:
I went home and he went to the cinema.
Sentences with lexically unexpressed members, which are easily restored in meaning from the context, are called incomplete. Sentences that contain all the main and secondary members necessary for understanding their meaning are called complete. The incompleteness of sentences often occurs in dialogic speech and in cases where simple sentences become parts of a complex one:
Where are you going?
To the library.
Incomplete can be both common and non-common sentences, both two-part and one-part. Wed:
Is anyone else cold? (single-component, common, complete)
To me. (single-component, common, incomplete)
Basic concepts by circumstances
Example of course of action circumstances:
1. (How?) The cuckoo cuckooed loudly in the distance.
2. A lonely ship rushes, rushes (how?) In full sail.
3. The guys walked (how?), Barely moving their legs.
4. Ahead of the detachment (how?), limping, walked the leader.
A variety of circumstances of the mode of action are circumstances of degree that answer the question to what extent? For example:
1. The tourists are (to what extent?) very tired.
2. The number of attackers (by how many times? to what extent?) increased tenfold.
The circumstances of the mode of action and the circumstances of the degree can be expressed by adverbs, nouns, gerunds and participles, as well as comparative turns, that is, words with conjunctions like, as if, etc.
If the circumstances of the mode of action are expressed by gerunds, adverbial phrases and comparative phrases, then they are separated by commas.
The circumstances of the mode of action usually refer to the members of the sentence expressed by verbs. Degree circumstances can apply not only to sentence members expressed by verbs, but also to sentence members expressed by adjectives and adverbs. They indicate the degree of quality, for example:
1. I read a very interesting book (interesting to what extent?).
2. Petya spoke very interestingly about the hiking trip (to what extent is it interesting?).
Compare offers:
1. The children returned home.
2. The children returned home from the hike.
3. The children returned home from a hike in the evening.
Is it possible to say that the third sentence contains the most complete and accurate information: where and when the children returned, where were they?
(Yes, you can. There is a clarification - they returned FROM THE TRIP IN THE EVENING.)
Let's read the text. Let's replace the questions with appropriate words.
Words for reference: motionless, from the hunt, along the alley, from the nest, slowly, onto the path.
1. I was returning (from where?) and walking (where?) of the garden.
2. The dog ran (where?)
3. I looked (where?) and saw a young sparrow with yellowness around the beak and fluff on the head.
4. He fell (from where?) and sat (how?).
5. My dog (how?) approached him.
Correct answer:
1. I was returning (from where?) from hunting and walking (where?) along the alley of the garden.
2. The dog ran ahead of me.
3. I looked (where?) On the path and saw a young sparrow with yellowness near the beak and fluff on the head.
4. He fell (whence?) from the nest and sat (how?) motionless.
5. My dog (how?) slowly approached him.
Circumstance- this is a minor member of the sentence, which indicates the place, time, purpose, method, measure, degree of action (sign) and answers the questions where? when? why? why? as? etc. For example: The days of late autumn are usually scolded(A. Pushkin). Circumstances are more often related to the predicate, less often to other members of the sentence. Ways of expressing circumstances:
1. adverb:
You look around - and the soul is light, And the thought ripens so freely, widely, And the song in honor of the Motherland is sung sweetly.(I. Nikitin)
2. noun in the indirect case with and without a preposition: Fog fell over the river at night(K. Paustovsky);
3. infinitive (with the meaning of purpose): Travelers settled down by the stream to rest and feed the horses.(A. Chekhov);
4. comparative turnover: Well so your name ringing like an August chill?(S. Yesenin);
5. gerund ( participial turnover): Brook, bubbling, runs to the stream(A. Fet);
6. whole phrase: Seven times measure cut once(Proverb);
7. phraseological turnover: ... I hurry to you headlong(A. Griboyedov).
Main types of circumstances
Circumstances are divided into the following groups:
1. Circumstances of the place. Designate a place, a path of movement, etc. Answer questions where? where? where? etc. Examples: Green grass everywhere(I. Turgenev); And day and night through the snowy desert I hasten to you ...(A. Griboyedov).
2. Circumstances of time. Indicate the duration of the action. Answer questions when? since when? How long? etc. Examples: In the morning, the Larins' house is full of guests(A. Pushkin).
3. Circumstances of the mode of action and degree. They denote the quality or method of performing an action, measure, degree of action (sign). Answer questions as? how? how? to what extent? how much? at what price? and others. Examples: The willow leans sadly at the mass soldiers' graves (M. Dudin). Somehow Seryozha fell in the yard, got blood on his knees and came home crying.(V. Panova). The station was about a mile away(M. Lermontov). Each such piece weighs hundreds of pounds.(V. Garshin). He was daring to the point of madness(I. Turgenev).
4. Cause Circumstances. Indicate the reason for the commission of an action or the occurrence of a symptom. Answer questions why? from what? because of which? for what reason? etc. Examples: Why is the sea wave so dear to me?(A. Zharov); Uncut grasses are so fragrant that, out of habit, the head becomes foggy and heavy.(K. Paustovsky); He felt ashamed because of his doubts(I. Turgenev).
5. Circumstances conditions. Indicate a condition under which an action can take place. Answer questions under what condition? in which case? Examples: What would happen to her in case of my illness!(A. Chekhov); Without sowing, do not wait for the harvest(Proverb); If you don't see the bitter, you won't know the sweet either.(Proverb).
6. Assignment Circumstances. Indicate that the action is performed despite the obstacles. Answer questions in spite of what? contrary to what? Examples: Against my wishes, they met(V. Garshin); Nejdanov felt lonely, despite the devotion of friends(I. Turgenev); Work, despite the early hour, was already in full swing.(V. Nabokov).
7. Purpose Circumstances. Describe the purpose of the action. Answer questions why? for what? for what purpose? Examples: Maria Trofimovna does everything in her power to decorate and enrich the land(K. Paustovsky); Everything was given for his salvation: happiness, love, life was given(K. Paustovsky).
8. Circumstances of comparison. Indicates a comparison. Answer the question like what? Examples: Like an enchanted village dozing on a hill(N. Gogol); The snow lay in waves and shone like sugar(L. Tolstoy); My companion purrs, like a cat, some song(M. Gorky); I, like a sunbeam, was alive and now I had to sit motionless, like a stone(M. Gorky).
The circumstance in the sentence is indicated by a dotted line with a dot. To easily remember questions of circumstances, you can learn a rhyme: where? where? when? where? why? why? And How?
1. Read the questions and answers recorded in pairs. Let's determine to which member of the sentence they are given. Let's find an extra pair. Let us explain why it is redundant.
1. It was pouring rain (when?) It was pouring rain at night.
2. (Where?) are the kidneys swollen? Buds swelled on the poplars.
3. The children will go (when? where?) The children will go out of town tomorrow.
4. Dry reeds rustle (why? for what reason?) Dry reeds rustle in the wind.
5. The path went to the alley (from where?) The path went to the alley from the gazebo.
6. Does Vera like (what?) ice cream? Vera loves chocolate ice cream.
7. The hunters were warming themselves (where?) The hunters were warming themselves by the fire.
8. The boy reads (how?) The boy reads expressively.
Questions: where? when? for what reason? as? where? assigned to circumstances.
And the extra pair is a sentence about Vera, because chocolate answers the question which one? (is the definition).
2. Let's do an analysis of the proposals:
1. In the evening, the frogs croaked loudly by the lake.
(Who?) Frogs are subjects.
(What did they do?) croaked - this is a predicate.
Kwakali (where?) By the lake - this is the circumstance of the place.
They croaked (how?) loudly - this is a circumstance of the mode of action.
Kwakali (when?) In the evening - this is a circumstance of time.
2. The owl flies out to hunt at night.
(Who?) An owl is the subject.
The owl (what is it doing?) flies out - this is a predicate.
Flies out (where?) to hunt - this is a circumstance of the place.
Takes off (when?) at night - this is a circumstance of time.
3. A woodpecker drums loudly in the silence of the forest.
(Who?) The woodpecker is the subject.
The woodpecker (what is he doing?) is drumming - this is a predicate.
Drumming (how?) loudly - this is a circumstance of the mode of action.
Drumming (where?) In silence - this is the circumstance of the place.
In the silence (what?) of the forest - this is the definition.
They were heard (where?) Across the river - these are the circumstances of the place.
1. Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A. Russian language 4: Academic book / Textbook.
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O. Russian language 4: Ballas.
3. Lomakovich S.V., Timchenko L.I. Russian language 4: VITA_PRESS.
1. Institute open education ().
Find and underline the circumstances in the sentences.
1) She went to the forest.
2) Thunderstorm is beautiful at night.
3) He sat with folded arms.
4) I did not go to school because of illness.
5) I came to school to study.
Put the right question to the circumstances. Determine what kind they are.
1) We entered the city.
2) We waited for them for about eight hours.
3) I could not speak because of fatigue.
4) In the sanatorium, everything is prepared for the treatment of vacationers.
5) With effort, you can succeed.
6) In the street, despite the frost, it was crowded.
7) Her head is cut like a boy's.
Add circumstances to the sentences according to the meaning, determine their type.
1) The captain ordered to continue moving, despite (what?)
2) Peter came to the library (for?)
3) Wet steps turned out to be wet, like (what?)
4) They are willing to do anything for (what?)
5) The port will be closed if (what?)
*Write two sentences for each type of circumstance.
The group of minor members has a large number of subspecies, is considered the most voluminous. This diversity is explained by the important role assigned to them by the grammatical and stylistic norms of linguistics. important place in takes circumstance: links parts of the text
In contact with
What does
Where? (Place),
Where? (Direction),
When? (Time),
Where? (Direction),
Why? (Cause),
What for? (Target),
And How? (Way).
main questions
- : thinks (how?) correctly;
- : beautiful (how?) very;
- : strong (how?) too much.
Attention! Examples about
distinguish 8 types
Important!
Sometimes you can put right away several types of questions
- when?
- in what setting?
What part of speech is
such parts of speech:
- : Went (where?) there, came (where?) from there, found (where?) there.
The most difficult to understand is the first option.
The difficulty also lies in the fact that the study of cases and sentence members in some programs occurs almost simultaneously.
Children do not have time to learn case questions, they begin to confuse the addition with the circumstance. How the error occurs:
the purpose of its use:
- to determine the case;
Separation in writing
All adverbial turnover
form several words
Important!
D means it has the form of time.
The group of minor members has a large number of subspecies, is considered the most voluminous. This diversity is explained by the important role assigned to them by the grammatical and stylistic norms of linguistics. An important place in the proposal is occupied by the circumstance: links parts of the text, complements and characterizes all members except the subject.
What does
It has the largest number of meanings compared to other minor groups of words. The circumstance in the sentence answers certain questions that are easy to remember using the poetic form:
Where? (Place),
Where? (Direction),
When? (Time),
Where? (Direction),
Why? (Cause),
What for? (Target),
And How? (Way).
Not all are listed here, but only main questions, but they help to understand what a circumstance is, which parts of speech it reveals and explains:
- verb: thinks (how?) correctly;
- adjective: beautiful (how?) very;
- adverb: strong (how?) too much.
Attention! Examples about Circumstances in Russian are easy to find. Any common combination of words can contain several such constructions.
Classification - division into subgroups - is carried out by value. Total distinguish 8 types, each of them answers a specific question and differs in meaning:
- Where, where, from where? - specify the location or direction.
- When, since when, for how long? - specifies the time parameters.
- Why, why, for what reason? - explains the reason causing the event, indicates the reason.
- Why, for what purpose, for what? What is the purpose of a particular action?
- One group combines three characteristics: image, measure and degree. The meaning of the group is the quality and the way. How, in what way, in what way? - what is required to commit, the manner of action. To what extent, to what extent? In what degree? – scope of action, its degree.
- How, like who (what)? comparison is used.
- Under what condition? - an explanation of the conditions.
- In spite of what, in spite of what? - despite what problems, everything happened - concession
Important! Knowledge of the features of the meaning is necessary to know for correct construction speech turns.
Sometimes you can put right away several types of questions(place, time, mode of action). This is more often seen in texts about nature. They are classified as a separate type - situational or situations: in the sun (diminutive form - in the sun), in silence (truncated form - in silence), in darkness, in the wind, in fog, in a shroud. List of questions that can be asked:
- when?
- in what setting?
What part of speech is
The role of circumstance can be played such parts of speech:
- Noun - used in speech in the form indirect case, more often a pretext is required, but you can do without it. Example: He spoke (how?) with humor, walked (where?) through the forest.
- Adverb. Most often used to express the circumstance of a course of action. Answers the same question: how? He sang (how?) loudly, moved (how?) slowly.
- Pronoun: Went (where?) there, came (where?) from there, found (where?) there.
- Gerberal: Lying (how? what doing?) thinking, moving (how? what doing?) jumping.
- Indefinite form of the verb: Went (for what purpose?) For a walk.
The most difficult to understand is the first option.
With primary school teachers explain to children that the question should be asked from an independent part of speech, and not from a preposition, but mistakes still occur.
The difficulty also lies in the fact that the study of cases and sentence members in some programs occurs almost simultaneously. Children do not have time to learn case questions, they begin to confuse the addition with the circumstance. How the error occurs:
- walked along (what?) road. Indirect date. case - addition (wrong decision).
- walked (where?) along the road. Circumstance with the meaning of place.
Case questions can be put to any noun, but you need to learn how to determine the purpose of its use:
- to determine the case;
- to clarify the role of the word in the sentence structure.
There are other errors as well. For example, it is necessary to indicate in which sentence the circumstance is expressed by an adverb. Difficulty is caused by cases when the adverb is formed from a noun. Example: It became scary and cold at night. The right question will prompt the answer: When? At night. If you ask a question in the instrumental case, then a mistake is possible. What should be followed in this case? semantic meaning.
Separation in writing
High school students study syntactic constructions, which require knowledge of the rules for setting commas. So, participial turns or single participles are necessarily distinguished on both sides by punctuation marks. That is why it is called isolated circumstance, that is, marked with signs. All adverbial turnover is one member - circumstance: Relatives gathered for dinner, having prepared delicious dishes in advance.
An exception that complicates the study is the rule of isolation of phraseological units. They are considered integral expressions, one minor member, but are not separated by commas: Ran headlong. Worked through the sleeves.
Common circumstance form several words, united by one semantic meaning: The girl, getting lost in the taiga, was very frightened.
If it consists of one word, then it is not common: The girl, getting lost, began to call and scream for help. Both cases require highlighting with signs on both sides, since there is a gerund in the construction. In this case, it will be possible to ask questions: how, how? and doing what? having done what?
Important! Due to the presence of circumstances, speech becomes brighter and more expressive, do not be afraid to use different groups and correctly coordinate all parts of the text.
How to correctly describe the circumstance in a sentence? Firstly, you need to put the question correctly, and secondly, analyze the entire proposal by members. You should start with the definition of the category, and then the part of speech.
Examples of tasks and work order
Task 1. Describe the types of circumstances in the sentence: A few months ago we learned about special occasions writing words.
We found out (when?) a few months ago. Denotes a specific period d means it has the form of time.
We determine what part of speech each word is: “several” is an indefinite pronoun, “months” is the gender form. pad. noun, “back” is an adverb.
Task 2. Describe the types of circumstances: Despite being tired, the travelers decided to move on.
“Decided to go” (despite what?) despite being tired - a separate circumstance, expressed by a noun with a preposition (derivative). View - concessions. The role in the text is an additional clarification of the nature of the action.
Circumstance in Russian, examples
Circumstance in Russian
Conclusion
During the school course, knowledge is gradually expanding, more and more often in essays and speech, students use adverbial constructions, as this helps to make speech bright, expressive and rich. Offers from using figurative expressions demonstrate erudition and understanding of the peculiarities of the Russian language.