Presentation on the topic: “The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole. How bitter it was for the young heart, When I left my father’s yard, To say goodbye to my home! The beast has a hole,”
The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole.
How bitter it was young heart,
When I left my father's yard,
Say sorry home!
The beast has a hole, the bird has a nest.
How the heart beats, sadly and loudly,
When I enter, being baptized, into someone else's rented house
With his already old knapsack!
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The main theme of the work is the poet’s reflections on separation from his native land in emigration.
The poem is narrated on behalf of lyrical hero, whose feelings are imbued with sadness and melancholy, built on the basis of the leitmotif of loneliness, containing personal and social drama.
The storyline of the work consists of the lyrical hero’s awareness of his difficult fate in the form of eternal wandering in order to find his home, nostalgically recalling his childhood spent in his father’s house.
The compositional structure of the poem consists of two stanzas that carry a huge semantic load, emphasized by the use of constant repetitions, creating the feeling of the lyrical hero’s reasoning spoken out loud, and also emphasizing important details of the events taking place, while the initial quatrain has shades of lyrical hope, and the second has a sad motif of severe hopelessness.
A distinctive feature of the poem is the use of interesting and unusual images in the form of birds, animals, their homes, father’s yard, someone else’s house and an old knapsack, which have a certain symbolism. The image of an old knapsack is presented by the poet not only as a repository of the material objects of the lyrical hero, but also as a haven for accumulated life experience and wisdom. Recalling the old knapsack, the poet emphasizes the poverty of the lyrical hero not only materially, but also spiritually, focusing on the lack of wealth, happiness, as well as hope for a better, joyful future, which consists in the poet finding a home, represented in the form of the Russian land .
By depicting images of animals and birds, the poet conveys the mood of his character, who feels melancholy and sadness at the inability to find peace in his father’s house, in contrast to his smaller brothers, who have both a hole and a nest.
In the image of a stranger, a rented house, depicted in the poem, the poet imagines a foreign country, and remembering his father’s courtyard, he thinks about his abandoned homeland. At the same time, using means of artistic expressiveness in the form of epithets, as well as changes in the ordinal position of words, the poet demonstrates a plaintive cry and a wailing groan combined with sorrowful protest and anger.
The poem is filled with doom and uselessness, in which the lyrical hero does not see a possible way out.
Analysis 2
Bunin is one of the emigrant writers who, soon after the October Revolution, went to other countries away from new government and the new state of affairs. It must be said that the theme of emigration and parting with own home, that is, the homeland, is one of the central themes for the work of this author.
Bunin vividly experienced parting with his own home, although in fact his emigration was not overly difficult and harsh, he had the means, a fairly decent position in society and origin. Therefore, he could settle down in the new land, and could also join other communities that left the country. Nevertheless, for him the change of habitat was not as important as the change of eras.
The revolution became for the poet synonymous with the destruction of the old way of life. Of course, to some extent he was attached to the luxurious life of the landowner, but this was not what his longing was mainly about, and he gives a typical example in the story Antonovsky Apples. Bunin saw how his country was shrinking, how a strict and majestic way of life was being replaced by something worthless and insignificant, and of course he was outraged to a certain extent by the creation of a society in which the proletarians (with all possible merits, a class for that period that was poorly educated and did not have any outstanding merits) receive privileges and become an ideological basis.
In the poem The Bird Has a Nest... he writes exactly about how he left the country, how he ended up in a new home. Of course, the entrance to a new rented house, where he stays with an “old knapsack” is an artistic device; we repeat, the poet was not in poverty, but that’s not the point. What is important here is the image of a traveler who has taken his old belongings from his home and comes to a stranger’s house.
Was he able to take away something worthwhile from his former home? Unlikely. He can no longer preserve the foundations of Tsarist Russia; this way of life has sunk into oblivion and will now remain only in memories.
Therefore, the poet himself truly becomes like an animal without his hole or nest. And therein lies his fundamental melancholy. After all, every living creature in this world has some kind of home, a home in a global sense.
Analysis of the poem The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole according to plan
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Comparative analysis of poems by I.A. Bunin
“That star that swayed in the dark water...” and
That star that swayed in the dark water
Under a crooked willow tree in a dead garden, -
To the village where they went young years,
Where I waited for happiness and joy in my youth,
The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole.
When I left my father's yard,
Say “sorry” to your home!
The beast has a hole, the bird has a nest.
How the heart beats, sadly and loudly,
When I enter, being baptized, into someone else's rented house
With his already old knapsack!
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin... It was the poet Alexander Tvardovsky who called him “in time the last classic of Russian literature.” And he was, of course, right: Bunin matched his great predecessors with the discovery of new spheres of the world, the secrets of human existence, the power of words and the harmony of form.
Bunin is a prose writer and Bunin is a poet... They cannot be opposed, because both the prose and the artist’s poems with equal beauty and power allow the reader to “embrace” life as an instant: from blooming youth to the tragic losses of old age, from reckless aspirations for happiness and love to comprehension of the most intimate, making the best strings of the heart tremble.
About the most complex problems life, you involuntarily think about it when reading Bunin’s artistically perfect poetry. How was he able to combine the heat of feeling and the magnificent cold of skill in the crystal of poetry? The key to the solution, apparently, is that Bunin has a rare nature of feeling, a rich “palette” of flowers and inflorescences, a unique range of sounds.
Already in the nineties of the 19th century, Bunin was developing his own poetic style, constantly looking for fresh touches, bold comparisons, following the traditions of Russian classical poetry. He is alien to the modernist influences of the beginning of the century.
Its landscape and philosophical lyrics To early XIX century acquires amazing specificity, accuracy of designations; the poet chooses combinations of words that, despite their simplicity, evoke a wave of associations in the reader.
Bunin's thematic poems are different: the beauty and harmony of nature; man, his fate, hopes and disappointments; human memory, at any time of the year and at any age, capable of reviving the past; Russia, “eternal” values of life.
In the endless cycle of time, in the joyful renewal of nature, in the beauty of Russia and his native land, Bunin draws colors for his poems.
A unique charm emanates from the poems, which convey sad thoughts about the past, bright memories of their small homeland and sorrow for abandoned lands.
Among such works, two works stand out: and “The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole...”
The first poem was written in 1891. Due to the financial difficulties of his family, Ivan Alekseevich was forced to leave a place dear to his heart - the small estate of Ozerki in Yeletsky district in the Oryol region.
The Ozerkov years of his life brought the writer a lot of happiness and a charming feeling of freedom and spiritual uplift. “I remember that at that time everything seemed charming to me: people, nature, the old house with colored windows, the neighbors’ estates, hunting, and books...” Bunin later wrote.
That's why " days gone by charm" and the loneliness of current days with such artistic power sound in the poem.
And three decades later (1922) the famous appears. Addressed as if to distant years, it is perceived as a mournful farewell to the homeland, as a longing for one’s native nest, and is associated with the loneliness and homelessness of the lyrical hero. It was such a tragic coincidence for Bunin: entering the second half of his life (he had just turned a little over fifty) and leaving Russia to emigrate. Painful experiences about the combination of twists of fate are reflected in this short poem, written in a foreign land.
Both works are united by one theme - the theme of love for the homeland and the bitterness of separation from it.
The relatedness of the poems is not only internal, but also external: they are similar in form (each consists of two quatrains), they have the same number of poetic lines, and the same method of rhyming.
A complex system visual arts in Bunin's poetics is determined primarily by the subject of the image. Longing for his native places and the sad spiritual mood of the lyrical hero, caused by memories of his native places and years of youth, give the poem "That star that swayed in the dark water...", individual paintings and images, romantic and realistic coloring at the same time. This is evidenced by the poet’s favorite “star” picture: a distant star - an integral part of the overall picture of the world - emphasizes the inner meaning of what is happening.
And a purely Bunin technique - the reflection of stars in the depths of water - is associated with the human condition, with the feelings of the lyrical hero (in this context, with sad reflections about what was abandoned forever native land):
The light that flickered in the pond until dawn -
Now I will never find it in heaven.
In the second quatrain, the tragic sensations of the lyrical hero increase: from the enchanting beauty of the night landscape, the author moves on to specific images: a village, an old house, the first songs, a description of happiness and joy in youth, which did not come true. And how much despair and pain there is in the last line of the entire poem:
Now I will never, ever return.
First quatrain of the second poem "The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole..." reveals the painful power of memories over the human soul. They give rise to bitterness and pain in the young heart of the hero. Father's yard, home... A sad farewell to the past...
How bitter it was for the young heart,
When I left my father's yard...
The second quatrain is also a memory, but of recent times. Before the reader are succinct pictures and images depicting the loneliness and loss of a Russian person in a foreign land.
...When I enter, being baptized, into someone else's rented house
With his already old knapsack.
Understanding internal state the soul of the lyrical hero of these two poems is helped by such artistic device, as a comparison of the past with what he is experiencing now: tenderness for his father’s home, dreams of happiness before and disappointment, melancholy, restlessness in the present:
Bunin's poetics are characterized by specific components of space and time. Firstly, they leave no doubt about the authenticity of what is being described, and secondly, these same realities also appear as carriers of various emotional experiences of the hero.
In the first poem you can see specific places of action: “under a crooked willow tree in a dead garden”, “an old house”, “in the sky”, “in a pond”. Time is indicated by words such as "before dawn", "now", "never".
These categories are represented in the second work with the words “nest”, “hole”, “father’s yard”, “someone else’s house”. Time is indicated in a peculiar way: by tenses of verbs (I left - I entered, it was - it beats).
A chain of tropes stretches through Bunin’s stanzas, detailing and deepening pictures and images, enhancing the sound of the lyrical “I”.
In a poem "That star that swayed in the dark water..." the metaphor “...a star that swayed in the dark water” helps to see the beauty of the night, and the author - to create the experience (sadness) of the lyrical hero. The purpose of including the second metaphor “...where the young years passed...” in the text is to emphasize the elusive passage of time in the life of every person.
Bunin's gift of rare imagery also manifested itself in the second poem: complex and strong human feelings are conveyed using the metaphor “... how bitter it was for the young heart.”
The individuality of Bunin's poetic mastery was also manifested in the selection of epithets, lyrical and metaphorical. They are few in number in these works, but they carry a double artistic load.
In a poem "That star that swayed in the dark water..." in the first stanza, the epithets create romantic pictures of a beautiful night: “a light flickering in the pond”, “in a dead garden”, “under a crooked willow tree”, “old house”, “first songs” and at the same time emphasize the sadness of the lyrical hero from charm native places and the need to leave them.
In the second poem, the epithets are chosen to emphasize the suffering of the lyrical hero: “... the young heart was bitter,” “father’s” (yard), “stranger, hired” (house), “old” (knapsack).
In the figurative system of the analyzed poems, one should note such a trope as periphrasis. In a poem "That star that swayed in the dark water..." in the first quatrain, in the first line the word “star” is found, and in the third line this word is replaced by a descriptive phrase “... a light that flickered in the pond until dawn.”
In the second poem "The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole..." The author uses a technique such as allegory: “to someone else’s rented house” and “with an old knapsack.” Having a hard time experiencing his departure from Russia, Bunin does not accept a country that is foreign to him, the bustle of Paris. All his former life remained in his homeland, his native graves, valuables and shrines, without which the artist could not exist, and the burden of the years he had lived. Here it is, “an old knapsack!”
The aesthetic impact on the reader is achieved thanks to the expressiveness and completeness of syntactic and intonation solutions inherent in Bunin’s poetics.
Artistic expressiveness each figure used in both poems helps the remarkable master of words achieve the musicality and rhythm of the verse. Frequent repetitions can be noted individual words and expressions that enhance the internal tension of the verse.
So in the poem "That star that swayed in the dark water..." The word “never” is repeated three times. It preserves the rhythmic harmony and discipline of the lines - each like a string - and conveys the dramatic collision of the lyrical hero, who is no longer destined to admire starry skies native village, and separation from them is forever.
A technique used was repetition - a junction in the second quatrain of the same poem:
…To the old house where I composed my first songs,
Where did I wait for happiness and joy in my youth...
With its help, the artist conveys the details of the past that meant so much to the lyrical hero.
In the second poem "The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole..." anaphora carries a special semantic load - the unity of command of the first and second quatrains (a slight rearrangement of words increases the tension):
The beast has a hole, the bird has a nest...
The dynamics of the lyrical hero’s experiences are conveyed by the second anaphora (the second line of the first stanza and the second line of the second stanza):
…How bitter it was for the young heart...
…How the heart beats sadly and loudly...
The intonation and vocabulary richness of Bunin's verse emphasizes the dimensions. In the first poem it is an anapest tetrameter, in the second it is Bunin’s favorite classic iambic hexameter. The last line in the same poem is written in iambic tetrameter with spandex
IN "The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole..." the rhyme in the first quatrain is cross, masculine, open; in the second it is also cross, but inaccurate. For example, “hole - yard” and “nest - house”, “loudly - knapsack”.
And the first poem was written using also cross rhyme, masculine, open “water - pond”, “garden - I won’t find it”. The second quatrain is a ring rhyme (encircling): the first - fourth lines “year - never”, the second with the third “laid - waited” and a masculine, closed rhyme.
The connection between these poems is unconditional: they reveal the same feeling - love for the homeland and separation from it. They are written in Bunin’s amazingly expressive language. But some differences in content and form should be noted.
“Can we forget our homeland? She is in the soul. I am a very Russian person. This does not go away over the years,” these words of Bunin are confirmed by the lines of the analyzed poems.
Both poems are perceived as the creations of a great, original Russian poet, a singer of Russian nature, of the Russian land.
Bibliography
Afanasyeva V. About the work of Ivan Bunin // Literature at school. - 1995.
Mikhailov O. Poetry of I.A. Bunin // Fiction. - 1990.
Smirnova L.A. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. Life and art. M., 1991.
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After the October Revolution, many famous writers left Russia, among whom was. The famous Russian poet and writer took the change of power and the beginning very painfully. civil war, so I decided to leave the country for a while. In the depths of his soul, he understood that he might be parting with Russia forever, and very soon this assumption was confirmed. However, from the first days, the bitterness of separation from his homeland haunted Bunin, and in 1922 he wrote a poem.
The first lines of this work indicate that the author envies the inhabitants of the forest who have their own home, albeit such an unreliable one, not equipped and devoid of attractiveness from a human point of view. However, it is there that they feel completely safe and are probably happy in their own way, something that Bunin himself lacks. He notes that it was extremely difficult for him to make the decision to emigrate. “How bitter it was for the young heart when I left my father’s yard.”, notes the author. For him, farewell to Russia became the second tragic event in his life. After all, once, as a 17-year-old teenager, he had already left his father’s house to prove to the whole world his own independence. Memories and fresh sensations were layered on top of each other, becoming the cause of Bunin’s rather deep and prolonged depression, as well as the reason for writing a whole series of works, both in prose and in rhyme, which the author dedicated to his experiences.
Trying to describe in words what he feels, Bunin notes: “How the heart beats sadly and loudly”. He is oppressed not only by a feeling of longing for his home, but also by a feeling of hopelessness, his own worthlessness and uselessness. After all, the author found himself in a foreign country with virtually no means of subsistence, and he is unable to call his own the rented furnished rooms in which he is now doomed to live long years. The poet admits that every time he experiences a whole range of conflicting feelings when he enters “to someone else’s rented house with my already shabby knapsack”. The author will retain this feeling of doom in his soul until the end of his life and will make attempts to return to his homeland, if only in order to once again feel part of the land on which he was born. However, Bunin’s dreams will not come true, since after the revolution Russia will become a forever lost country for him, that cradle of joy and tranquility that every person loses sooner or later due to various circumstances.
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