Heat exchangers, compensators, level gauges, MEO mechanisms, pipeline fittings Heat exchangers, compensators, level gauges, MEO mechanisms, pipeline fittings. Water heater vvp

Connection of heaters for hot water supply systems according to mixed scheme allows for central regulation of heat supply as for heating heat flow, and according to the combined load of heating and hot water supply (with a "limited" coolant flow rate). The most widespread is the heating heat flow control mode, which ensures the independence of the operation of heating systems from the hot water supply mode.

5.4.1. Heating heat flow control

The basis for building a control schedule heating load the reference control mode discussed above is adopted (see section 5.2.).

In the range ≤ φ o ≤ 1 temperature () network water in the supply pipeline of the heating network is determined by equation (5.4), and in the range from \u003d 0.345 to φ o \u003d 0, the temperature of the network water in the supply pipeline is assumed to be constant and equal to t 1i \u003d 70 ° С

The temperature of the network water (t 2) after the heating system in the range ≤ φ o ≤ 1 is determined by equation (5.5).

Estimated consumption of network water for heating in the range ≤ φ о ≤ 1 ( quality regulation) is determined by (5.8).

The consumption of network water in the range ≤ φ о ≤ (quantitative regulation) is determined by the following formula:

(5.21)

5.4.2. Ventilation heat flow control

Regulation of the heat flow of ventilation with a two-stage mixed scheme for connecting the GDP of hot water supply systems does not have fundamental differences from regulation under the parallel GDP scheme discussed earlier, therefore, the calculation of regulation parameters is carried out in accordance with Section 5.3.2.

5.4.3. Regulation of thermal hot water supply

The regime conditions for calculating the parameters of regulation of hot water supply systems are the conditions at the break point of the temperature graph.

The estimated consumption of network water () at the break point passing through the second stage of the hot water heater is determined by the formula:

, (5.22)

where t p - temperature tap water after the first stage of the heater at the breakpoint of the graph, it is taken to be 5 ¸ 10 o C less than t 2i

In the range ≤ φ o ≤ 1, with an increase in φ o, the water temperature after the heating system increases. This leads to an increase in the performance of the hot water heater of the first stage, so the flow of network water through the heater of the second stage decreases. With sufficient accuracy for design, the flow of network water through the second stage can be determined by the formula:

where is the ratio of the average winter heat flow of hot water supply to the calculated heat flow of heating.

In the range of outdoor temperatures from t to 8 ° C, the quantitative regulation of the heating heat flow leads to a decrease in the flow of network water through the first stage of the heater, while reducing its temperature compared to t 2i. In this regard, the heat output of the first stage of the hot water heater decreases, which must be compensated by an increase in the flow of network water through the second stage. The value of this flow G g can be determined by the empirical equation:

The coolant flow rates during the inter-heating period can be determined by the formula:

. (5.25)

The consumption of tap water for hot water supply is determined by the equation:

. (5.26)

The coolant temperature () after the heating system and the first stage of the hot water heater in the range ≤ φ about ≤ 1 is determined from the expression:

, (5.27)

and in the range from to the temperature is determined by the expression: Table 5.4. Parameters of central control modes for heating heat flow with a two-stage mixed connection of the GDP

Heater water water GDP (PV)

Shell-and-tube water heater (GOST 27590-2005) used in the heating and water supply system hot water, the principle of operation of this heater is very simple: water is used as a heating medium, which fills the annular space and heats cold water, which moves through the tubes inside the casing of the water-to-water heat exchanger . The tubes that are in the casing of the water-water heater are made of brass (L-68) and stainless steel 08X18H10, 12X18H10T. The casing in water-water heaters for water heaters (PV) is made of 20 steel and has the following diameters from 57 mm. up to 630 mm. The length of the pipe system in water-to-water heaters of GDP (PV) is 2 or 4 meters, which allows you to pick up in any room. The simplicity of the design of the water-water shell-and-tube heater simplifies it preventive examination and maintenance, which saves on its operation.

Heater water water GDP and its role in housing and communal services

It's no secret that heating in Russia does not always meet the required level. AT summer period this problem temporarily loses its relevance, and with the onset of cold weather begins to be felt in full. At the same time, consumers do not receive enough heat to heat their homes, and suppliers suffer heavy losses due to a number of shortcomings in existing equipment. This happens because the technology becomes obsolete and loses its quality characteristics.
In order to prevent further losses and improve the quality of work, many boiler houses need modernization. Modern equipment is able to correct all the shortcomings of heating systems, recouping the cost of its purchase in the shortest possible time.
An excellent solution to this problem is a modern water-water heater, which has proven itself well in Russian conditions.

Its indisputable advantages:
- high efficiency - in water-water heater VVP intense heat transfer processes occur with minimal energy loss;
- compactness and ease of installation water heater- the hot water boiler has rationally equipped small sections, their detachable connection is very convenient in the production, transportation and assembly of blocks of any size;
- long term services heater water-water GDP- this is a modern equipment that is manufactured in accordance with the highest quality requirements and is easy to maintain, which allows you to maintain efficient and economical operation;
- favorable price - water-to-water heat exchanger from the manufacturer is always cheaper due to the absence of intermediaries.

The active introduction of this equipment can radically change the situation in housing and communal services for the better, creating conditions under which everyone wins.

Shell and tube hot water heater

Sectional shell-and-tube hot water heater is designed for water supply hot water and heating systems in which the heating medium is water. It comes from boiler houses with water heating and steam boilers from heat mains of combined heat and power plants. The sectional heaters consist of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, connected by means of flange connections into units of a given heat output of combined coils. To connect the network water to the pipeline, transition pipes are distributed between the pipeline and the housing of the heater. Each compartment of a shell-and-tube water-to-water heater is a non-separable heater, which by design consists of a tube plate and a body, as well as heat-exchange brass tubes. Sectional cases of PV heaters are made of steel pipes connected by fittings to each other. The detachable type of these pipes of water-water sections of the supply air makes it possible to carry out practical assembly and on-site installation of blocks of water-to-water heaters with multiple sections, depending on the heat exchange area, purpose, temperature conditions.

In water-to-water heaters of the PV type, the water that needs to be brought to a certain temperature flows through the pipes in the pipe system, and the heating water, as a rule, moves in the annular compartment, of course, in compliance with the counterflow. The operation of this shell-and-tube heat exchanger is characterized by the fact that water heats water: boiling water enters the casing, and cooled network water enters the tubes. The specified principle of operation seems elementary, but from the objective side it is effective. Specifically for the needs of the buyer, a choice of heat exchanger tubes (smooth or profiled) and material for the execution of tubes of a shell-and-tube water-to-water heat exchanger (brass and stainless steel). Operation, assembly of blocks - sections, preventive work provide transitions and rolls, performing the functions of combining sections and connecting the hot water supply system and the hot water heater to the pipeline, respectively. Water-to-water heaters are installed directly in boiler houses, local central heating stations and ITPs, and in other heat supply systems. Shell-and-tube water heaters can also operate in other schemes in which liquids need to be cooled or heated.

The shell-and-tube water heater consists of shell-and-tube sections. These sections are connected into blocks with the help of connecting ropes. Conical transitions are attached between the pipeline and the heater body. This is done in order to join the pipeline. Each section represents a block that is non-separable, consisting of tube sheets, a body, heat exchange tubes and baffles. There are smooth tubes in the pack and are fixed in the tube sheets with the help of rolling. Sections of a shell-and-tube hot water heater are manufactured in diameters from 55 to 535 mm. In length, one section can be from 2 to 4 meters. But the dimensions of the shell-and-tube hot water heater may not correspond to the above data, they simply do not match the individual drawings. In working condition, the maximum pressure is 1 MPa. Concerning maximum temperature coolant, then it should not go off scale, beyond 150 ° C. Operation of a shell-and-tube hot water heater

This heater is a device made in high-tech conditions that requires special care, proper activation and compliance with all operating rules.

To ensure stable operation normally, it must be equipped with measuring instruments, shut-off valves and safety devices. These devices, as well as their purpose, are described in detail in the project application documentation. Specialists are obliged to regularly check the serviceability of the heater once a year. The requirements for the operation of the heater must also be observed. It is strictly forbidden to carry out any adjustment and repair work device during the operation of the heater.

When turning on the water heater, follow the following sequence of operations:

1. cold water start
2. launch of boiling water - into the annular compartment

In case of short-term forced shutdowns, its commissioning is allowed only after the tube sheets have cooled down.

The shell-and-tube hot water heater must be switched off in the following situations:

• with increasing pressure;
• in case of defect or breakage of valves;
• in case of breakage of the manometer;
• when cracks, gaps or leakage of welds are found on the body.

This device can last about 25 years.

Principles of operation of the GDP heater

The principle of operation of the GDP heat exchanger is very simple. Heating or cooling water, which is a heat carrier, passes through the internal space of the heater, and the liquid that heats up flows through the annulus.

The HPP heat exchanger is designed from separate non-separable sections, which are connected to the system with the help of transition pipes. The hot water heater section consists of a shell, heat exchange surface tubes and tube sheets. Standard sections of heaters are manufactured with a diameter of 55 to 535 mm. The length of the sections can be 2 and 4 meters. However, the dimensions of the heater can be changed according to individual drawings. The maximum operating pressure is 1 MPa, and the maximum operating temperature of the coolant must not exceed 150°C. Average term heater service - 25 years.

The team of the Ural Boiler Plant offers a wide range of hot water heaters, as well as the manufacture of the latter according to your drawings. Years of experience I provide work and high-tech equipment high quality our heaters. We also provide a guarantee for our products. By purchasing heat exchangers from professionals, you get high quality, long service life and a reasonable price!

Using the GDP Heater

The GDP heat exchanger is used at various facilities with a water heating system operating from heating networks of thermal power plants and industrial mains. Thus, for this type of heater, the heat carrier is hot water from a third-party system.

The GDP heat exchanger is effectively used for heating domestic, public and industrial buildings. It is also used for hot water supply. The hot water water heater can also be used in other systems that require heating or cooling of the liquid. For example, the heater is used in the gas and petrochemical industries. In such cases, the heat exchanger is used for heating, cooling and condensing steam, mixtures of various gases, which is necessary in certain technological processes. The GDP heat exchanger is a universal device with a number of advantages and application possibilities.

Rules for the operation of the GDP heater

At first glance, the GDP heat exchanger may seem like a fairly simple device, however, it is not. The heater is a high-tech device that requires some care, proper start-up and compliance with operating rules.

To ensure normal stable operation, as well as to control the heater, instrumentation, safety devices and shut-off valves must be installed on it. These devices and their purpose are described in detail in the project documentation. The operating personnel must regularly and at least once a year check the correct operation of all auxiliary devices of the heater. The requirements for the mode of operation of the water-water heater must also be strictly observed. It is strictly forbidden to make any repairs or commissioning work device and its components during heater operation.

When starting the HP Heat Exchanger, the following sequence of operations should be observed:

• start-up of cold heated water;
• start-up of hot water - the heat carrier in annulus zone.

In case of forced short-term stops of the heater, its commissioning is allowed only after the complete cooling of the tube sheets.

The water-to-water heat exchanger must be switched off in the following cases:

• when the pressure rises above the permissible norm;
• in case of breakage or defect of safety valves;
• when there are gaps, cracks or sweating of welds on the body and elements of the heater;
• in the event of a pressure gauge failure, as well as in the absence of the possibility of determining pressure using other instruments.

For stable and durable operation of the heater, network water must comply with the standards of OST 24.030.47-75.
Subject to these rules, as well as the annual service inspection of the device, the GDP heat exchanger will serve you for many years.

Heat exchanger GDP - maintenance

The main operation in the process of servicing a water-to-water heater is monitoring the condition and performance of instrumentation, electrical equipment, control valves, booster and circulation pumps, the tightness of the heater, as well as periodic analysis of network water for its hardness.

Particular attention is paid to the control of the temperature of the water entering the water supply system. If the water temperature exceeds 65 ° C, cleaning should be done more frequently. pipe systems devices, since at such temperatures the water-to-water heat exchanger begins to lose its thermal conductivity and, as a result, power. In addition, the process of sludge and scale formation is enhanced.

The GDP heater is subject to periodic inspection and current repairs, which includes cleaning from sludge and scale. Repairs should be carried out at least once every 2 years, as mentioned above, at operating temperatures above 65 ° C, cleaning is carried out more often.

During the repair, the VVP heater is disconnected from the heating network, water is removed from the pipe and annulus space, rolls and transitions are removed. Next, the heat exchange pipes, rolls, transitions and tube sheets are cleaned from sludge and scale. For cleaning, it is most effective to use the Zeus-1 electrohydropulse device.

In case of leakage of brass tubes, they are replaced. After replacement, the tubes are expanded in tube sheets and produced hydraulic test at a pressure of 1.36 MPa for 10 minutes. With satisfactory test results, the water pressure is reduced to the working one and the HPP heat exchanger is put into operation.