Do-it-yourself hydraulic press for a car service drawings. Making a hydraulic press with your own hands: drawings, photos, videos
Quite often in everyday life there is a need to perform all kinds of repair work or dispose of waste, in the process of which one cannot do without a hydraulic press. A hydraulic press with your own hands can be made, guided by the rules for the work presented below.
Features of the manufacture of a hydraulic press
In order to make a hydraulic press, you will need to prepare a traditional jack, which will act as the main working element. It must be remembered that jacks can be different. For this reason, before starting the manufacture of the press, you need to determine what maximum effort you will need when carrying out the work. Thus, if a hydraulic press is used, the gain of which does not exceed 200 kN, then only human force will need to be applied, which will have to be applied through a special lever. If you plan to use more powerful pressing equipment, then you will need to use an electric drive.
Before you make a hydraulic press with your own hands, you need to consider that there are many varieties of this equipment, each of them differs in design features, location and number of main components.
Work technology
In order to make a hydraulic press with your own hands, you will first need to prepare steel billets of various shapes and sizes. Thus, in order to get the base of the press, you need to use a thick steel sheet, if there is none, then you can make it from individual segments of a steel profile, the cross section of which is 100 millimeters. The dimensions of the base will depend on the type of work to be performed. The stability of the installation during operation will also depend on this parameter.
Production of additional elements
Before you start making a hydraulic press with your own hands, you need to take into account that as guide posts you need to use pieces of a metal corner, the size of which is 100x100 millimeters, its height should be 1.5 meters. There should be 4 such blanks. These elements must be welded vertically to the steel base, placing two on both sides. The step between adjacent corners should be equal to 100 millimeters, which is necessary in order for the ends of the working stop of the structure to fit. They must be made the same width. In the upper zone, all racks must be connected to each other by means of a steel profile welded to them, it must be made according to the appropriate size. The same element will act as a fixed stop when you make a manual hydraulic press.
Advice from a hydraulic press manufacturer
According to this technology of work, the jack is supposed to be fixed on the base. This suggests that the work must be carried out during the upward stroke of the rod. As for the guide posts, which should be located at the bottom of the height of the jack, they must be strengthened with two bolts on each side for more impressive rigidity. Why do you need to make through holes in adjacent corners, which should match the diameter of the bolts?
Removable stop assembly
The manual hydraulic press is manufactured according to a certain technology, which at the next stage involves the beginning of the assembly of one of the elements of the hydraulic press, it is called a removable stop. It should be installed in such a way that the jack rod is fixed in its central part. While the removable stop itself during operation must slide between the guide posts. For this reason, its length should be equivalent to the distance between the outer edges of the uprights, which are the corners. The work of the hydraulic press must assume the rigidity of the structure; for this, the removable stop must be made of steel sheet, the thickness of which is 10 millimeters. From it, using a metal-cutting tool, you need to cut out 10 equal-sized plates, the width of each of which should be equal to 100 millimeters. Two plates must be made shorter than the rest by 10 millimeters. After the long plates need to be strengthened among themselves at separate points or with a seam. Whereas short plates should be welded on both sides of this block with a deviation from the ends of 10 centimeters. When starting the equipment, these protrusions will not allow the removable stop to move to the side.
In the manufacture, it is also necessary to make a hydraulic press piston, as well as a return mechanism, which is necessary to return the working part after work has been completed. It is made using a spring in the amount of two pieces, as well as plates in which holes are made in the central part. When you draw up a diagram of a hydraulic press, you need to take into account the dimensions of the return mechanism, which should be slightly larger compared to the diameter of the screw rod. This element will not allow the plate to move during operation. The upper end of the spring must be fixed to the plate, while the lower plate is attached to the sole of the jack. In order to make the stroke of the rod somewhat smaller, you need to use additional inserts that are fixed on the stop. Among other things, you can change the pitch to the top stop by reinforcing another plate slightly below this element.
Finally
The manufactured press, with a slight effort in the cylinder, should increase the pressure several times. Due to the fact that the liquid used in such presses is not compressed, it will completely flow into another cylinder, which has a larger working area. The force in the large cylinder will increase as much as the area of its piston is greater than the area of the pistons in the small cylinder. Before starting work, you should draw up a diagram of a hydraulic press, which will simplify the process.
The hydraulic press belongs to the class of hydraulic machines designed to provide significant pressure on the required surface. Its main advantage is the possibility of creating such an effort, which is many times greater than the initial impact. In the technical literature, such machines bear the name of their inventor. Back in 1795, the English inventor Joseph Brahm received a patent for this apparatus. From this article you will learn how to make a hydraulic press with your own hands.
The term "press" is rather conditional. In modern industry, these machines solve a large number of important technical problems. Due to the powerful applied force, the parts are pressed and stamped. Bearings are pressed out at service stations. In the processing industries, liquids are squeezed out of various crops. The application of this hydraulic principle is not limited to pressing tasks. In addition to industrial presses, there are many similar machines that solve simpler, but no less important tasks, for example, a press for a car service. Hydraulic jacks and lifters allow you to lift multi-ton loads, hydraulic clamps allow you to fix parts for further processing. Small presses are used in car workshops and private garages.
The popularity of such mechanisms is due to the fact that with the help of a relatively simple device it is possible to obtain a huge compression energy.
Operating principle
The principle of operation of any hydraulic mechanism (including the press) is based on one of the basic laws of hydrodynamics - Pascal's Law. In accordance with this law, the pressure of a liquid or gas is distributed evenly to all points on the inner surface of the vessel in which it is located.
If a surface that can move is used as one wall in a vessel, the liquid will exert pressure on it, and it will begin to move. In presses, such a surface is made in the form of a piston. The magnitude of the force acting on the piston, other things being equal, will be determined by the surface area of the piston. The larger the surface area of the piston, the greater the magnitude of the force acting on it. This effect allows you to get a serious gain in the resulting force. This physical law makes it possible to implement the hydraulic circuit of the press.
Structurally, the device of hydraulic presses is very similar. They are made in the form of two communicating vessels. Therefore, all physical laws that operate in communicating vessels are applicable to them. If in one of the vessels the liquid level changes in the direction of decrease, then in the second vessel the liquid level will increase. This will lead to an increase in pressure on all walls of the vessel. In a hydraulic press, this is the pressure on the piston.
To increase the volume of working fluid in the hydraulic cylinder, a special reservoir is provided in the design of the press. Since the liquid is under high pressure in the hydraulic press, a special safety system is provided. It includes two valves: a pressure valve and a shut-off valve.
Classification of hydraulic presses
All hydraulic presses are structurally composed of parts of the same purpose. The fundamental difference is the method of increasing the pressure of the working fluid (usually the so-called industrial oil). In modern presses, this process occurs in two ways: manually (for small presses, this is done using manual structures), using an automatic drive (for high-power stationary presses).
In the literature on metalworking, the classification of presses is made according to the following distinctive features:
- technical purpose: for compression (direct) pressing or injection (transfer) pressing;
- frame structures. They are of two types: column or frame;
- the level of automation (with manual control, semi-automatic or fully automatic control);
- the direction of the applied force: in the horizontal direction, strictly vertically or at a predetermined angle;
- the location of the working cylinder in the design of the press: with the location in the lower part of the press or the upper part;
- number of allowed pressing positions: in one position or multi-position presses.
In addition to the layout, classification is carried out according to the following technical parameters:
- dimensions;
- weight in a complete set;
- piston stroke;
- power (the amount of force generated)
- the presence in the design of the press of sensors and measuring instruments, for example, a pressure gauge;
- characteristics of the bed used (shape, location, material).
Hydraulic press for service stations
At vehicle service stations, individual repairs can only be carried out using a hydraulic press. The tasks of the automotive press include:
- installation and dismantling of bearings, bushings, washers, and other parts that need to be pressed in;
- work related to stamping and calibration;
- bodywork and repair work where a change in the configuration of a metal part is required. Production of alignment, editing or bending, that is, giving the required shape.
In most cases, the press for service stations has a manual control or an automatic drive. Such units have the following layout:
- the movement of the working piston occurs from top to bottom;
- the creation of the required pressure in the working cylinder is carried out manually or with the help of a connected compressor. The second method significantly increases the speed of the entire unit;
- functionally they are multi-position presses. There is a possibility of additional installation of various nozzles. This significantly expands the number of operations performed.
The main technical characteristics include the allowable maximum force (it usually varies from five to twenty tons) and the piston stroke. The first parameter allows you to determine the ability of the press to work with what thickness of parts you can work with. The second parameter determines the dimensions of the machined parts.
Sometimes at service stations, repair shops, private garages, so-called desktop models of hydraulic presses are used. Such presses are subject to the same requirements as stationary ones, taking into account their placement and structural layout.
When operating a hydraulic press in a workshop, one should take into account the restrictions imposed on the dimensions of the workpieces and the actual dimensions of the room where the press is installed. Therefore, to optimize the working space in a service station or in a garage, a hydraulic press is used, which has small geometric dimensions and weight.
DIY hydraulic press for home
For many fans of repairing their car on their own, being self-employed in car repair, or just doing something useful for the house, cottage, garden plot, it becomes necessary to have a small hydraulic press among their tools.
A homemade press for the garage will help the motorist to replace bearings and silent blocks. Bending metal parts, gluing, making briquettes, squeezing out oil and various liquids. For this, the following can be used: a hydraulic manual press, a manual press for metal, a press from a hydraulic jack. Garage press is quite easy to make with your own hands. Such a press can be hydraulic or mechanical. According to the form of execution, home-made can be desktop, floor, mini press, screw. If you plan to carry out only non-complex work, it is advisable to make a simple manual press. To do this, you can use a simplified hydraulic circuit and a not very massive machine design.
Even a simple manual hydraulic press, manufactured in an industrial environment, is quite expensive. Therefore, many home craftsmen try to make a press in the garage with their own hands. Usually they try to make a press with a jack with their own hands. Costs are determined by the price of the required materials.
The material for the frame of such a press is to choose rolled metal:
- steel sheet. The base of the press is made from it, so the thickness is at least 8 mm;
- steel strip. It is necessary for the manufacture of guides. In addition, such a strip can be useful for creating stiffeners, if they are required. Its thickness is selected in 10 mm;
- rectangular or square channels;
- metal corner. It is advisable to use a corner with a shelf size of at least 50 mm;
- a small piece of metal pipe. It is necessary for the manufacture of special nests that will secure the jack.
Therefore, in order to undertake the manufacture of a hydraulic press at home, it is necessary to have the skills to work with metal processing, to master the simplest welding techniques, and to have experience in assembling metal structures. If you assemble everything correctly, the press will be a good helper in your work in the garage or in the country.
Do you need a press? No problem, you can make it yourself! I bring to your attention just such an instruction. It will allow you to make an excellent electro-hydraulic press, and if you want, it can be just hydraulic.
The device works on the basis, the device is driven by a small motor similar to an old washing machine. All parts are inexpensive, but in the end we get a very cool and useful car!
Materials and tools used
List of materials:
- ;
- an old grinder (you need a gearbox from it);
- steel pipes (square);
- corner;
- channel;
- steel plates and other scrap metal;
- the engine from the washing machine (or similar);
- powerful spring;
- bolts with nuts;
- cable and switch (keyboard);
- dye.
List of tools:
- drilling machine and drill;
- grinder, preferably a tape cutting machine;
- vice;
- hammers, pliers, wrenches, etc.;
- ;
- ruler;
- marker;
- clamps.
Press making process:
Step one. We make a frame
The conditional entire assembly process can be divided into just two parts, this is the manufacture of the frame, as well as the installation of the jack and engine.
Let's start in order, how the frame is made.
The frame consists of two guides, steel pipes of square section are used as them. They need to be thoroughly cleaned of rust so that nothing wedged. In the drains, the author drills rows of holes. Thanks to these holes, a thrust platform will be installed; it rests on bolts with a large cross section. If desired, you can always raise or lower the platform.
Now we proceed to the manufacture of "square pipes", to which the "elevator" is attached and on which the "elevator", that is, the pressure platform, rides. To make these details, take the cardboard and wrap it around the guides. Next, we take a corner, cut off the necessary pieces and press them on top with clamps. We weld the resulting structure, then carefully knock it down. Thanks to the cardboard, we will get a gap between the rack and the pipe. Cut the manufactured part into two parts, weld the seams well and clean with a grinder.
Racks can be installed! We use a corner or pipes as a base, weld a good stop so that the installation does not stagger. From above, we also weld a piece of pipe, and preferably a channel, since high loads are formed here. The author also decided to plug the holes in the pipes, he cut out steel plates for this and welded them on.
Step two. We fix the "elevator"
"Elevator", that is, a pressing platform, the author makes from a massive channel. The material must be strong and withstand loads of several tons. We weld it well in the right places.
The thrust platform must also be very strong; the author makes it from two channels. We cut off two pieces, and then we drill holes in them and tighten them with threaded rods and nuts. Massive bolts with nuts are used as a stop for the platform.
Step three. Place to install a jack
The jack is installed on the machine in the classic form, that is, “head up”. To prevent the stop from coming off, you will need a piece of round pipe of a suitable diameter. We cut off, try on, weld to the upper support.
As for the base, here several steel plates can be welded as a stop so that the jack, God forbid, does not jump off under load.
Almost everything is ready, we already have a press, which is put into operation by the muscular strength of a person. As a working tool, the author welds a “finger” under the heads, now you can always install the desired nozzle.
Between the upper support and the "elevator" you need to install a powerful spring, it allows you to transfer the machine to its original state after turning it off. I think you can guess how it's done. It is advisable to use two springs, one on each side.
Step four. Preparing the gearbox
As a gearbox, the author uses spare parts from an old angle grinder. We disassemble the grinder and pull out the anchor. From the anchor you need to cut off the bow, which is inserted into the gearbox. A nut is attached to this axis, the author puts it on on an already made press, having previously adjusted the thickness of the axis on a drilling machine. For fidelity, the nut can be grabbed to the axis by welding.
Step five. Mounting plate on the engine
The body of the engines is usually made of aluminum, and this is not very good, because nothing can be welded to it. We take a steel plate, drill holes, fasten it to the engine using bolts.
Step six. Installing the gearbox on the engine
Using steel plates, install the gearbox on the motor. Now, after switching on, the torque from the motor shaft will go to the gearbox!
You need to install a crank on the gearbox axis, it is done very simply. You will need a strong steel plate as well as a nut. We weld one to the other and install on the axis. To transmit movement, you will need another bolt with a nut and two bearings.
Step seven. Working pedal
On the jack you need to arrange a pedal that will receive movement from the crank. Here you will need a square pipe. Cut a “window” inside it, two bearings will be installed here. We fasten the pedal with a bolt and nut and do not forget about the washers.
Now you can connect the gear crank to the pedal!
Step eight. Connecting the engine to the jack
The engine must be fixed on a jack, for this we make a special bracket from the corners, which clamps the jack when tightening the nuts. Weld the engine with the gearbox to this bracket using square pipes and connect the transmission unit (crank). Order! Power up and see how the electro-hydraulic jack works!
In the realities of everyday craftsmanship, there are not only home-made products, but also tools for their manufacture. A master of the highest class, who has extensive experience in needlework, is able to make even a tool of labor, on which another masterpiece will subsequently be created.
Sometimes this happens because buying new equipment in a store can often be expensive. In addition, the master, as a person of art and creativity, is not averse to once again testing his skills and making something that will serve him faithfully for a very long time.
Do-it-yourself hydraulic presses can really be a faithful assistant.
Some parts require flat pressure to give them a certain shape or degree of strength. This requires a hydraulic press.
Press design
The hydraulic press itself is equipment designed to create high pressure on parts. It can be measured in a range of values such as from a few tons to thousands of tons.
The structure of the hydraulic press implies the presence of a small and large cylinder. Cylinders can be placed horizontally, but in most cases they are vertical.
The principle of operation of the device is reduced to Pascal's law. Fluid from one cylinder creates pressure, which creates movement and pressure in the other. The other cylinder acts on the piston, which in turn transmits pressure to the tool in contact with the part.
How can I use the press at home
The use of a hydraulic press in domestic conditions is quite popular. As a rule, it is located in the garage and is used for completely different purposes. With it, you can adjust the dimensions of parts for machines, as well as other household parts, such as bearings and silent blocks.
The press can bend, shape and flatten any metal part. It is suitable for surface bonding, waste briquetting. Or, for example, an apple press, as well as do-it-yourself presses.
As already noted, many simply cannot afford to purchase new professional equipment. Moreover, this is not always necessary.
A hand-made press will not take up much space, and its functionality can be customized for you, depending on your goals.
Press structure
A press made at home does not need high technological performance. As noted above, it is used to create and correct simple and small parts or simple operations. Based on this, home presses, as a rule, have a force of no more than 20 tons.
However, the parameters by which the press is classified are suitable both for production models and those made independently.
These options include:
- Geometrical values of the equipment;
- Mass of the press;
- Piston amplitude;
- The presence of a manometer;
- Type of bed.
Nuances in the manufacture
How to make a press with your own hands? When you decide to handcraft your hydraulic press, there are many factors to consider. And one of the main ones is the reliability of the design.
The fact is that the hydraulic press is an equipment in which very powerful loads are allowed. Although home-made equipment is significantly inferior in strength to production samples, the first option must also be robustly designed.
First of all, it is worth remembering that everything must be made of solid and durable materials. It can usually be steel, and the higher its grade, the better.
Ideally alloyed stainless steel can be used. Of course, titanium alloy can become more attractive, but at the same time expensive.
The most important element of the press is the frame. It is on her that the greatest burden is placed. And this is in addition to the fact that it is the supporting part of the structure, which takes up the most space. The jack, installed inside the structure, exerts pressure in two places, horizontally and vertically.
Do not forget also that the design of even such a small structure also requires preliminary calculations and drawings (at least primitive ones) like any technological device. Do-it-yourself press drawings can be made by yourself, without any skills.
Do-it-yourself photo press
If you plan to manufacture fuel briquettes, collect paper, or as a result of your economic activity, recyclable materials are generated in large quantities, then in order to save space, you need to acquire a waste paper press. There are proven ways to make such a press with your own hands.
What is a waste paper press?
To store and give waste paper a "tradeable appearance" it is necessary to reduce it in volume or allocate a separate room for its storage. Trying to jump on it with the whole family or inviting friends from the sumo section for this will not solve the problem.
This requires special factory-made or home-made pressing equipment, which makes it possible to reduce the waste paper mass by dozens of times.
We will treat the offer to buy a factory mini-press with caution. Its cost can reach 200 thousand rubles, and therefore it will pay off painfully for a long time. There is an easier option - do it yourself. The press is quite versatile, it is easy to convert it into something else: for example, if you have lost the desire to deal with waste paper, then it will be quite simple to convert it to repair vehicles.
The principle of operation of various types of presses is extremely simple. In a mechanical press, muscular effort or the energy of a working power plant is converted by a system of levers into a pressure force, which is transmitted to a movable work surface. In hydraulic, a similar force is transmitted using a fluid using the principle of communicating vessels and Pascal's law.
So, you've decided to do the press yourself. Where to begin?
- First you need to decide on the type of press: decide whether it will be mechanical or hydraulic, floor or table, stationary or portable.
- Make a drawing and diagram.
- Prepare the necessary tools and materials, be patient.
The structure of the mechanical press is simpler, but the hydraulic press is characterized by high pressure. The decision on what will be the press - floor or desktop, as well as the issue of stationarity directly depends on the mass of the equipment, the use of the power plant (engine).
hydraulic type
A hydraulic press on the farm is the dream of any villager. Having a high efficiency (80%), it performs high-quality pressing with somewhat larger dimensions and weight than a mechanical one, and is somewhat more whimsical in maintenance. If you change the oil in a timely manner, monitor the condition of the valves, seals, fluid level, then this type of press will faithfully serve for a long time.
The invention of the principle of operation of the hydraulic press dates back to 1795 and consists in the use of two interconnected cylindrical vessels of different diameters with pistons. The greater the difference in the diameters of the cylinders (pistons), the greater the pressing force the press can produce, since the forces acting on the pistons are proportional to the areas of these pistons. It's kind of like driving a car uphill in first gear.
The hydraulic press considered in our case is a hydraulic jack mounted on a massive frame (frame) with a movable rod that acts as a pressing element. The role of the power plant is performed by a jack.
With mechanical or electrical injection of liquid into the main cylinder, an increase in internal pressure occurs. When the pressure in the jack increases, the liquid squeezes out the rod with the pressing platform (plunger) installed at its end from the working cylinder towards the fixed part of the frame, reducing the distance to it and compressing (compressing) the paper mass located in this space.
The hydraulic press is a hydraulic jack with a movable stem mounted on a massive frame (frame).
Tools and equipment
To make a press you will need:
- Hydraulic jack. The degree of compression of the waste paper will depend on the load capacity of the used jack;
- Tools for working on metal: grinder, drill with drills of different diameters, wrenches, welding machine with electrodes;
- Metal channels, angles, bolts with nuts, steel plates, springs, pins, pipes;
- One, or rather a couple of intelligent assistants who will not only prompt and help, but also insure that you are not rolled over with metal pipes, channels and corners.
Training
When creating a drawing, the dimensions of the frame, rack, legs, plunger, the direction of movement of the rod and the fastening of the jack are determined.
The size, weight and performance of the installation directly depend on the stroke of the rod and the lifting capacity of the jack.
For example, let's give a set of material required for the manufacture of a press with a power block with a load capacity of 16 tons.
- Upper support bar. Material: Metal U-shaped channel. Dimensions: 160 x 800 mm.
- Lower movable beam. Material: Metal U-shaped channel. Dimensions: 160 x 800 mm.
- Rack - 4 pcs. Material: Metal L-shaped corner. Dimensions: 100 x 100 x 1780 mm.
- Leg - 2 pcs. Material: Metal L-shaped corner. Dimensions: 65 x 65 x 800 mm.
- Spacer - 2 pcs. Material: Metal L-shaped corner. Dimensions: 32 x 32 x 800 mm.
- Return springs - 2 pcs. Dimensions: Selected individually according to the length of the jack when the rod is in the top dead center (compressed).
- Plunger. Material: Metal U-shaped channel. Dimensions: 70 x 600 (580) mm.
- Stubborn platform. Material: Metal plate. Dimensions: 50 x 200 mm.
- Guide plates - 4 pcs. Material: Metal plate. Dimensions: 30 x 100 mm.
- Hydraulic car jack. Carrying capacity - 16 tons. Stroke: About 195mm, depending on brand.
- Bolts, nuts, pins. The M 8 x 28 option will do. But your drill and the availability of spare drills will have the final say.
Drawing and manufacturing
We start with preparations. Armed with a meter, a grinder and a hacksaw, we begin to measure and cut out the details of the press of the desired size. Mark the holes in the right places. We weld or fasten the thrust pad and plunger to the hydraulic jack. We weld guide plates to the plunger on the sides.
Hydraulic Press Drawing Example
When assembling the press, we will proceed from the fact that the corners, channels have already been cut off, a plunger and a thrust platform (plate) are attached to the jack, and guide plates are attached to the sides of the plunger.
Press collection steps:
1st stage
- We connect the racks with the upper thrust beam at the top, for this it is necessary to drill two holes in each rack. The holes should coincide with similar holes in the channel of the upper thrust beam, twisted with bolts (in some sources it is recommended to additionally grab by welding).
- Then we fill up the structure on its side and outline and drill five or six holes on the sides of the racks symmetrically to each other. Hole diameter - about 30 mm. Appointment - for fixing the level of the lower movable beam with the help of studs. The studs must be strong enough to withstand the indirect pressure of the plunger through the material to be pressed. You can start drilling holes at a distance of 135 mm from the bottom of the rack. The distance between them is better to withstand about 150 mm, so as not to weaken the strength of the structure.
2nd stage
- Having attached the upper beam, we turn the frame over and on the channel of the upper beam we outline (if we have not already done so) and drill holes for attaching the thrust pad with a jack and two springs. In this position, the jack rod will be directed upwards.
- We attach a plunger with fixed guide plates and two return springs directly to the jack rod or through the plate, passing it through the top. Please note that the plunger must walk in the internal space of the racks with a minimum clearance and not be able to go beyond the boundaries of the press to the left or right due to the restrictive guide plates. The springs must be fastened with one end behind the back side of the plunger, and with the other end behind the back side of the upper thrust beam and be parallel to avoid distortions and uneven distribution of forces.
3rd stage
- We launch the lower movable beam through the top into the structure. We check the fixation of the surface with the help of pins, paying attention to the horizontal position and its uniform contact with the stops (pins).
- We finally fix and strengthen the frame with spacers, welding them to the rack by welding, this time from the opposite side with respect to the upper thrust beam.
- We weld the legs to the uprights by welding - two parallel corners (perpendicular to the welded spacers).
4th stage
And, finally, the most difficult final action - we are trying to lift this colossus and put it on its feet.
Usage
To start pressing waste paper, you need to place it under the plunger. You can make a mold, and then you will get paper ingots. Before pressing, the paper can be moistened with water, then it will be formed into a denser mass. Naturally, paper with different densities will be pressed differently. So, for example, corrugated cardboard in size will decrease many times. When wetting the waste paper, leave the paper to dry after pressing, no special conditions need to be created for this.
The design is universal and without any alterations can be used for pressing or pressing out not only waste paper, but also other materials.
Given that the installation has not been tested, increase the pressure when pressing carefully and progressively, listening to the operation of the mechanisms and controlling the oil pressure in the jack. Needless to say, the bolts must be tightened and tightened, the welds must be intact, and the stability must be reliable.
Video: A story about a homemade press with a power plant based on a hydraulic bottle jack
Do-it-yourself mechanical press
Model of a simple mechanical press
Tools and equipment
- Electric tools: grinder, drill, screwdriver, welding machine;
- Turning and milling machines. If there are no machines or the ability to work on them, then the necessary parts can be ordered from a qualified turner.
- Corners, steel sheets, bolts with nuts, etc.
Drawing and manufacturing
Preparatory stage
A prerequisite for creating a press for waste paper is the correct selection of material. Stainless and easy-to-work materials (aluminum, stainless steel and other metals with an anti-corrosion coating, plexiglass, etc.) are best suited, since water is used when using a hand press.
Before assembling the press, it is necessary to determine the dimensions of the structure, for which you will need to carefully measure everything and form a drawing.
The basis of the press is a frame made of metal channels or corners, sheathed with metal sheets and reinforced with transverse beams.
Assembly
The basis of the press is a frame made of metal channels or corners, sheathed with metal sheets and reinforced with transverse beams:
- It is necessary to take four metal corners or bars 80 cm long and four 60 cm long and fasten together using electric welding, bolts or screws so that two rectangles are obtained. This will be the top and bottom of the box.
- Further, these two metal rectangles are fastened in height with vertical beams (the height is determined independently) also using electric welding or bolts for a more rigid hitch. After that, the resulting box is sheathed with metal sheets and reinforced with transverse beams.
- On one, wider side, a door is made to remove compressed waste briquettes.
After collecting the metal box, we proceed to the formation of the so-called piston:
- It is assembled from metal channels 45–50 cm long, welded together by electric welding from the sides. The number of channels is determined independently depending on the width. The piston is reinforced with a cross beam or the same channel, which gives the assembly the necessary strength.
- A flange is welded in the center of the transverse beam, into which a threaded rod is inserted. The thread on the rod must be applied using hand tools or a stationary machine. It is best to give the material to the turner for the reliability of the manufacture of the part.
- Two channels or metal beams with a width of at least 10 cm are attached to the main box (on the longer sides) opposite each other using electric welding or bolts.
- From above, on the sides of the channels, two beams are fastened, and between them a bearing is fixed in a cage, into which a metal rod with a thread is inserted and then fixed on the piston flange.
- After assembling the entire structure, a washer is put on the rod, and then a nut, which allows it to rotate on the bearing and set the piston in motion. You can rotate the nut with a lever or wheel, without spending a lot of effort. If desired, or to enhance the compression effect, the lever can be increased.
Video: Demonstration of the operation of a mechanical screw press for waste paper
Usage
- Waste paper pre-moistened with water for more efficient compression is loaded into the finished design of the press. The degree of moisture must be selected empirically.
- After loading the box with waste paper, the pressing movable surface is lowered: by rotating the nut with a lever or wheel, the piston is forced to lower and compress the waste paper. When the maximum compression of the piston is reached, it is necessary to let the press stand for at least 10-15 minutes, this allows you to remove excess moisture from the pressed mass.
After pressing, the waste paper mass is removed from the press and dried. As after squeezing with a hydraulic press, the mass removed from the box is placed to dry on a flat surface in the open air.
Rotational movements of the nut using a lever or wheel cause the piston to descend and compress the waste paper
Thus, the method of operation of the press is very simple, which makes it easy to compress waste paper even in a limited space, such as a garage or a barn.
Other manufacturing methods
Unusually easy to manufacture is a compact manual paper press, which, in principle, resembles a kitchen garlic crusher.
- It is necessary to take a metal bar or channel 80 - 100 cm long.
- A small metal box with an approximate size of 20x20x10 cm is attached to the lower part using electric welding.
- A hinged lid is mounted at the bottom of the box to extract waste briquettes. Small through holes are made on the sides of the box with a drill to remove excess moisture from the waste paper.
- A movable lever is attached to the upper part of the channel, fastened with a metal “finger” at least 100 cm long. A piston, which is also movable, is attached to the movable lever, also with the help of a metal “finger”. The piston is a rectangular metal sheet with a bar welded to it in the center, long enough to achieve parallelism with the main frame channel in a state of full compression.
- The whole structure is bolted to the wall at a height of 100–150 cm.
After fixing the structure to the wall, everything is ready to test the mechanical manual paper press.
Operating principle
First you need to grind the paper with a mixer:
- We put paper in the container, fill it with water and let the mass stand for a while.
- After softening the paper pulp, we take an electric drill with a construction mixer at the end and begin to mix everything thoroughly.
- The resulting paper mass is placed in a metal box of the press.
- We insert the piston into the box and press the lever down until it stops. We perform this manipulation several times to achieve the effect of maximum compression of the waste mass, getting rid of excess moisture and forming waste briquettes.
We remove the formed briquette from the hand press by opening the hinged bottom cover on the box. Dried waste briquettes can be safely used in solid fuel boilers at home to heat houses.
According to the above principle of operation, it is possible to design a stationary manual press for waste paper with a larger loading and productivity. The size and shape of the box or container for loading waste paper can be different.
Photo gallery: Full cycle of paper pressing
Dried waste briquettes can be safely used in solid fuel boilers at home to heat houses. Removal of the formed briquette from the manual press by opening the hinged bottom cover on the box Pressing is performed several times to achieve the effect of maximum compression of the waste paper After loading with waste paper, the piston is inserted into the box and the lever is applied down to the stop Alternative scheme of a low power manual press fixed on the wall After filling the piston is inserted into the box for further steaming The resulting paper mass is placed in the metal box of the press Preparation of raw materials - shredded wet waste paper
At present, it is not too difficult to assemble a waste paper press. Enough average skills that most of the inhabitants of our country have to collect and manufacture parts. All the necessary material for the press can be found at the scrap metal collection point, and the rest can be bought in specialized stores or markets.
The very design of the press, hydraulic and even more so mechanical, is an elementary mechanism that does not require any energy costs. Unpretentious in operation, convenient and easy to use.
Such an invention as a home-made press for waste paper will become a good "helper" in the household and an indispensable "companion" in the field of pulp industry waste disposal.