How to choose a profession? Tips for parents. The first step into adulthood is choosing a profession

Human life is a series of numerous choices. Serious, on which the future depends (for example, the choice of a life partner), and everyday, household (what to cook for dinner - a casserole or vegetable stew).

A profession is a kind of labor activity that requires certain training and is usually a source of livelihood.

Choosing a profession can be attributed, perhaps, to the most difficult. After all, this is also the choice of what place the profession will take in a person’s life, what he will be able to get from his future work, how the features of the specialty will correlate with other life values ​​​​and plans, whether the profession will interfere with them.

Choosing a profession, on the one hand, is a look into the future (at least not far off): what do I want to do, what difficulties can I encounter on the way to the profession? And on the other hand, a look inside yourself: how ready am I to overcome obstacles to achieve the goal? To make the right decision, it is important to take into account the main factors influencing the choice of profession.

So, since childhood, the girl dreamed of entering the law academy and working as an investigator. The wish came true. Studying at the institute is a real pleasure, interesting subjects, an anticipation of an exciting and extraordinary work, and a police uniform suits her. Closer to the end of the academy, the girl began to have thoughts about creating a family, having children. I must say that she also could not imagine her life without a prosperous and harmonious family. However, the profession of an investigator involves an irregular and intense working day, frequent night trips, urgent business trips. Naturally, there is not enough time for the family. In such a situation, a contradiction between the two life goals inevitably arose. Of course, this does not mean that all investigators, geologists, sea captains are forced to constantly “torn” between work and family. However, when choosing a profession, a person must be aware of its specifics and possible difficulties in advance. Then he will be able to find a compromise, and as a result, "the sheep will be safe and the wolves will be fed."

When a young person chooses a profession, he is interested in making his profession popular with employers not only today, but also in 10-20 years. This is called the stability of demand for a profession. Along with the "eternal" professions - a builder, doctor, teacher, etc., the transport, chemical industry, high technologies, communications, communications, new professions at the intersection of traditional ones, economic management, and the social sphere are becoming relevant.

A person is more successful in the activities that he likes. Therefore, when choosing a profession, you need to pay attention to what is interesting to do, what gives pleasure. For example, if a person likes to organize other people, to be a leader, most likely, professions that involve the ability to work with a team (manager, teacher, coach) are suitable for him.

What influences the choice of profession.

What factors determine a person's choice of a particular profession? In practice, it turns out that inclinations are taken into account last, but the opinion of parents has a huge impact. 8 factors of choosing a profession /According to E.A. Klimov/:

1. Position of senior family members

There are seniors who are directly responsible for how your life develops. This concern extends to the question of your future profession.

2. The position of comrades, girlfriends

Friendships at your age are already very strong and can greatly influence the choice of profession. Only general advice can be given: the right decision will be the one that suits your interests and coincides with the interests of the society in which you live.

3. The position of teachers, school teachers

Observing the behavior, educational and extracurricular activities of students, an experienced teacher knows a lot about you that is hidden from non-professional eyes and even from you.

4. Personal professional plans

The plan in this case means your ideas about the stages of mastering the profession.

5. Ability

The originality of one's abilities should be judged not only by academic success, but also by achievements in a wide variety of activities.

6. Level of claims for public recognition

When planning your career path, it is very important to take care of the realism of your claims.

7. Awareness

It is important to take care that the information you acquire about a particular

professions were not distorted, incomplete, one-sided.

8. Tendencies

Inclinations are manifested in favorite activities, on which most of the free time is spent. These are interests backed by certain abilities.

Mistakes in choosing a profession

1. Choosing a profession “for the company”

Often a person does not have the necessary information, is not confident enough in himself, is not ready to take responsibility for his choice. In such a situation, the choice of profession “for the company” is carried out. No matter how difficult and exciting it may be, you still have to make a decision. And in such a situation, you want to be close to someone who is confident in himself, who has already made a decision and is convinced of its correctness. However, there is a danger that the profession chosen for the sake of the company does not meet the interests and abilities of a person, and after a year and a half of study at a school, college or university, there is disappointment, dissatisfaction, a desire to “start all over again”. It is possible that the profession chosen in this way will not suit you. However, it should be remembered that a profession that your friend likes may not like or suit you.

2. Choosing a profession according to the external idea of ​​it.

Some professions seem very attractive from the outside. But very often a person does not understand what a huge preparatory work needs to be done in order to achieve the desired success.

When choosing a profession, one should not pay attention to its external, attractive side, one must learn as much as possible about the content of labor.

3. Transfer of attitude towards a person to the profession itself.

It happens that you begin to like a profession because it is possessed by a person who is attractive to you. And having already entered such a specialty, the young man little by little discovers for himself that his interest has been mistaken for an interest in the profession.

4. Identification of the subject with the profession.

Even if you really like some school subject, it does not follow from this that you will like the work related to it. It is one thing to emotionally discuss the actions of literary heroes in the classroom, and quite another to earn a living by reading hundreds of pages of text of books preparing for publication every day, correcting all spelling errors in them and editing unsuccessful phrases.

The main thing to remember is that a school subject is not yet a profession. Interest in it does not mean that you will like the work associated with it.

5. Choice solely on the basis of prestige.

For example, some young people choose economic education based on this attribute. And they do not take into account the fact that activities in such an area, as a rule, require specific qualities of character - for example, extreme punctuality and resistance to monotonous, monotonous activities, resistance to stress. Working as an accountant in a bank does not mean turning over millions. It is unlikely that a good employee will turn out from someone who went to study economics, not because he feels interested in just such an activity, but because it is “cool”. It also happens the other way around: a person feels a calling in himself for some kind of activity and wants to do it, but refuses his intention, because, according to his environment, this is not prestigious.

There is a fashion in the profession, like in most other life phenomena. But it is not always exactly what is fashionable that turns out to be the best or suitable for a person personally. Choosing a profession, guided by fashion, is not entirely logical. After all, by the time you graduate and start working, fashion will most likely change.

6. Choice in spite of, in spite of something or someone.

“My parents and friends say that a bear stepped on my ear - well, they’ll see me on the stage, we’ll see what they say then.” There are very few cases when the choice of occupation in spite of any barriers and restrictions leads to life success. If someone has irremediable speech defects, then his attempt to “defy” circumstances by becoming a TV presenter is unlikely to lead to anything other than making him a laughingstock. Although in other areas of activity that do not impose such stringent requirements on oral speech, this person could succeed.

Choosing a profession is a matter that significantly affects the fate of a person, and it is not very smart to do it “in spite” of someone or something. 7. Insufficient consideration of one's abilities.

7. Insufficient consideration of one's abilities.

With a great desire, having spent a lot of time and effort, you can become a specialist even in what you have absolutely no abilities for. That's just very mediocre. And if these efforts were applied to what corresponds to abilities, the results achieved were much better.

8. Orientation to the opinion of random people.

Often, when choosing a profession, adolescents are guided by the opinion of people who have a very vague idea of ​​the profession they are pushing them to choose. Sometimes others are very fond of giving advice on who and who to be, even if their own ideas about the world of professions are limited only to everyday, stereotypical judgments. In principle, to give sound advice on whether any profession is suitable for a person can only be given by someone who knows both the profession and the person very well.

Every year, the closer the final exams, the more nervous parents and future school graduates worry - where to go next? The choice of a profession by parents - what could be more natural in such a situation? And the advantages of such an approach in this matter seem to be obvious.

1. Parents have more life experience.
2. They know life better.
3. Parents will not advise/wish bad things.
4. Parents know their children best.
5. After all, who will pay for all this? In most cases, parents too.

Now let's break this topic down.

Influence of parents on the choice of profession

Let's start with the fact that parents are different. For some, it doesn’t matter at all what profession their child chooses, while for others, on the contrary, it is super-important. Both of them are a clear excess, so we will not consider these two categories of parents. Although we will talk about those parents for whom the topic is super important some other time in another article, because the topic is quite capacious and requires a separate discussion.

What can parents say about their children's career choices?

Of course, you wish your child only good and will not advise bad. And of course, you have more life experience and various instructive stories about right and wrong life choices. And I even agree that you sincerely think that you know your children better than anyone else, including your children themselves. BUT

• experience you have your, and advice you give based on your his experience, your knowledge and ideas about life that may not be suitable for your child at all, even if this child is also yours;
• very often your choice of a profession for your child is influenced by your own preferences, your own beliefs, your own views on what is prestigious and what is not prestigious, what will give a good salary and what will not, etc.;
• it could be even worse - something like: “Over there, MarVanna’s neighbor (from our department, with a friend, etc.) has a daughter who graduated from the Kalinary College, got a job as a cook in the canteen - and she herself is full, and brings home a whole bag of food ! Why not live?!”
• life is changing so fast that the experience and views on life 20-30 years ago have already begun to grow a little moss;
• well, and one more factor - parents most often know two general directions, the first is where definitely not necessary, and the second - where it would not be bad, all other options are not considered.

I apologize if I unintentionally hurt anyone's feelings. If everything is completely different for you, I am sincerely happy for you and your children.

Help parents in choosing a profession

If parents do not have special knowledge of career guidance, then help is to arrange for your child to have a consultation with a specialist who will help him choose a suitable profession. Actually at this step, the active role of parents in choosing a child's profession may end.

Of course, many can say that not everyone has the opportunity to get tested and competent professional advice from a career guidance specialist. Someone lives in a small town or in a village where there is simply no such service for the population.

Here we can only say one thing - praise to Heaven, the Internet is available almost everywhere and many services can be paid for and received, as they say, without getting up from the couch.

Empirical observation of the influence of parents on the choice of a profession by children suggests that most often this influence comes down to either the slogan "Do as I do", that is, it is proposed to follow in the footsteps of parents in choosing a profession. Or to the fact that “I didn’t manage to become a musician, artist, doctor - let’s at least you break out into people.”

And somehow a natural question arises by itself.

Choosing a profession is the task of a graduate, or of his parents?

The question is by no means rhetorical. Often parents take on the role of "arbitrators", forgetting that their children will have to make this choice. And adults who were once their little children will also have to live with this. After all, if you think about it, the choice of profession depends not only on what they will do at their workplace, and how much they will be paid for it.

But it will also depend on how they will feel at their workplace, their social circle, their state of health and many other important things in the life of every person will also depend on this.

It remains to mention one more category of people who in some way directly influence the choice of profession by school graduates. These are teachers.

Interaction of teachers with parents on the choice of profession

It is very good if this interaction exists. But here, too, there is one big BUT. The teacher first of all evaluates the student's abilities in his subject, and to some extent can evaluate the psychological characteristics of this student. But teachers do not always know how their students behave in other lessons, or outside the school walls, where school rules, orders and restrictions do not put pressure on students.

Parents, for their part, can evaluate the abilities of their children based on their observations of them at home, in the environment familiar to children, perhaps they can also know what kind of relationship their children have with friends in an informal setting where there are no such strict rules. as in school, and such traditions and rituals as at home in the family.

A little side note: how often have you met parents who objectively evaluate their children?

And it is very good if teachers find a common language with parents and compare the information that parents give them and their own observations and help or suggest something to parents about the future profession of students.

What to do if a graduate did not show much interest in anything during the entire time of studying at school

In all subjects, did he have approximately the same academic performance, was he not fond of anything in childhood or adolescence? At career guidance consultations, too, there is no particular clarity, or the range of professions offered is so wide that, translated into everyday Russian, it could sound something like this: “Go ahead, boy, .... wherever you want."

It is no secret to anyone that there are more and more such children. And the older generation often complains that young people “now are not the same as today” - they do not need anything, they are not interested in anything, they do not want to do anything, etc. There are many reasons for this state of affairs. I will not list and consider them within the framework of this article.

Firstly, I do not know all these reasons, and I am not sure that there is at least one specialist on Earth who knows absolutely all these reasons. Secondly, only one listing with a brief description will take up a lot of space. Thirdly, not all of them are worth mentioning here, etc.

Here I will mention in passing only one of these reasons. I think that this will not be uninteresting to you, since you generally got to the site of esoteric subjects and read my opus to this point. This reason lies in the fact that, in the truest sense of the word, "so the stars rose." What is it and what can be done about it. The answer can be given by an astrologer or an astropsychologist.

How the Formula of the Soul can suggest a suitable profession

The Soul Formula is one of the areas of astropsychology. About what you can learn about a person from the Formula of the Soul, and how this knowledge can be useful in real life, I will write in the very near future. In the meantime, I can say that since about the 70s of the last century, more and more children have been born who have not shown much interest in anything since childhood, or this interest is fading very quickly.

I don’t know what happened in the sky, I can only state it as a given. And many people in the Soul Formula up to 20, although I have even met people who don’t have a single planet in any sign even under 50, we can say that they form a kind of vacuum in the soul formula, more precisely, in the birth chart . All the planets “crowded” in the second part of life, when getting an education, not everyone is able to radically change something in their life. Although there are people who dared to take such a step, and achieved very impressive results.

But these are units, and they are rather a rare exception than a general rule. And there are many reasons for this, and perhaps the most important of them is the tendency that has developed in society to set an age limit for hiring and studying at universities and other educational institutions, based on myths / nonsense / misconceptions that after 40 years, a person is not able to learn and work in a new profession.

How can a consultation with an astropsychologist help in this case?

If you seek advice from an astropsychologist, he will help you choose the profession / type of activity, the most suitable conditions in which a person will work most comfortably (and therefore maintain physical and emotional health longer), and it will also be better for him to work for hire, or organize your own business and many other additional nuances on the topic of the profession and the conditions for future professional activity.

For example, from the picture above, we can say that this person is a born leader, he undoubtedly has the potential to become a good strategist, a high-level manager, in addition, he has an excellent potential for research activities, as well as he can become a very decent doctor in the field of women's and / or children's health. You can define the profession even more specifically, but this is another topic, which I will also touch on in more detail and in detail in the very near future.

And now I want to tell you about a completely different aspect of the life and future of this our hero. In this particular case, we just have the opportunity to observe that this person from birth and up to about 35 years has exactly the same vacuum. What does this mean for this particular person? (By the way, this man is an indigo initiate.)

If in his childhood, or at least in adolescence, he does not meet some very passionate about science (in our case, mathematics, physics, computer technology) person, or a person with a strong will directed in a peaceful direction. and does not involve him in the range of his interests, then at best he will simply live up to 35 years as a squash in the garden, able to play advanced computer toys, and at worst he will embark on the path of serious crime.

And by the time he begins to understand what he wants to do in life, he has already broken so much firewood that the question of choosing a profession may no longer be relevant.

Sometimes it is very sad when people aged 40+ turn to counseling, who somehow want to change their lives, because it is already unbearable to live in the old way, go to a hateful job, communicate with people who are completely uninteresting to them and wait for retirement. And during the consultation, it suddenly turns out that they have excellent abilities for completely different activities.

I'm not talking about the fact that if these people were doing what they are "intended" by the Universe itself, then it would be a completely different quality of life, a completely different level of income, completely different prospects. Of course, even at 40 you can radically change your life and achieve success in it. But let's be honest with ourselves - how many have the courage to do this? What about strength? And what about enduring sidelong glances and twisting a finger at your temple in the wake of your close and other entourage?

This is all to the fact that sooner or later every person “wakes up” and understands which profession would suit him best of all the others, but this awakening can come at 40 and at 60 ... BUT if at 20 someone suggested where to go, so that when you “wake up” at your 40s, you would already have the appropriate education and experience, and then you will rush upwards, at the speed of a rocket, and despite your 40s you will achieve everything you want.

And if parents take the trouble to find out the talents and abilities of their child in the first months after birth, and develop these abilities and talents from the first months of their child's life, through toys, games, mugs, studios - what success in life can your child achieve!

P.S. Of course, astropsychology is not a panacea for all ills. But this, today, is one of the few methods that have confirmed their right to vote for many centuries of its existence.

Of course, there will be people who will say that all your astropsychology with astrology is bullshit, all sorts of “specialists” and “professionals” got divorced here like uncut dogs. But then again - let's be honest with ourselves - there are Teachers, Doctors, Cooks, Tailors, Hairdressers, etc., who are usually called the Master of their Business, or the Doctor from God, the Teacher from God, but there are lazy, mediocre "apprentices" who call themselves "professionals" without a twinge of conscience.

Similarly, among astrologers, astropsychologists, fortune tellers, there are those who are from God, and there are those who passed by nearby ...

It never hurts to get additional information in such an important matter as choosing a profession.

In any case, regardless of whether you choose a profession with the help of astropsychology, or in some other way, I sincerely wish you and your children to make the most correct and most successful choice.

With respect to you and your views

Natalia Vammas

With respect for your views and your values,
Natalia Vammas.

It is difficult for any teenager to make such an important decision, but it is especially difficult for orphans from orphanages and correctional schools. How to build your future correctly, whether a graduate can decide without the help of adults - these and other questions were discussed by the participants of the round table in the press center of Komsomolskaya Pravda: heads of professional lyceums and orphanages, specialists from the employment service and the Ministry of Education and Science of the region.

One of the most important decisions in life - the choice of profession - a person has to make at a very young age. And often it is not desires, dreams and ambitions that become decisive, but completely different, more prosaic reasons: financial situation, the impossibility of moving to another city, family circumstances. The problems faced by graduates of orphanages and correctional schools are even greater. Here are just a few of them: the list of professions and educational institutions where they can get them is limited. Someone is hindered by health problems, someone - the lack of hostels.

The general trend is confirmed by individual examples. The guest of the round table, 20-year-old Galya Rusak, is currently studying at Lyceum No. 33 to become a seamstress, and she says:

I was not going to go into this profession, it just happened. Now I am completing my last year, at the same time I go to evening school, and then I will go to the pastry chef - I wanted this from the very beginning. And then I'll go to work.

Nadezhda Terentyeva is 18, and she was also sent to be a seamstress, and also missed the mark:

Together with Galya I will go to the pastry chef.

These girls are sincerely determined to work, they do not yet know that Russian laws allow orphans to sit back and receive benefits of more than 20 thousand. Such support encourages a dependent mood - and this is also a big problem: I don’t want to study - and it’s impossible to deduct an orphan, I won’t go to work - give me an allowance.

It's true, - confirm Galya and Nadia. - There are a lot of them.

But even if an orphan or a dysfunctional teenager has made his choice and entered a professional lyceum or college, there is simply no one to take care of them: in the orphanage there is one teacher for five pupils, in schools - for 50. And neglect often leads to crime, drug addiction and alcoholism . For those who have overcome all these dubious temptations, fate has already prepared a new blow: it is almost impossible to get a job, and those who find a job are paid a meager amount of 4-6 thousand rubles a month.

Come, the doors are open!

Acquaintance of schoolchildren of the region with professions, as they say, is put on stream: in schools, and in the employment service, and in specially created career guidance centers, graduates and high school students are offered both testing and consultations - all for free, at any time. But still a special role is played by the example of peers and the opportunity to do something with their own hands.

A year before graduation, we begin to take our children to schools, both to visit and to study, so that they make sure whether this profession is suitable for them or not, - says the director of the Krasnoyarsk orphanage "Gems" Lyudmila Sotnikova.

We have a master class for each specialty, and the goal is the same - "fitting" the profession, - adds Lyudmila Ostova, deputy director for educational work of the Kansk Lyceum No. 12.

We make the choice of a profession with the help of a medical and pedagogical council and combine “I want” and “I can” into a single whole. Such work begins in the seventh grade, - says Svetlana Filkina, deputy director for educational work of the Sosnovoborsky orphanage. - Unfortunately, for children with disabilities the list of educational institutions and specialties is small.

We are preparing children for the profession together with the machine-building lyceum - an experimental site of federal significance has been created on the basis of our educational institutions, - says Elena Klochkova, director of the Krasnoyarsk correctional boarding school of the VIII type No. 5. – For two years the children study both at school and at the lyceum. As a result, they receive a certificate of state education (they are not issued in ordinary correctional schools), a profession and social adaptation - children with disabilities become ordinary.

By the way, there are very few orphans in this lyceum: 36 out of 734.

The stereotype that the incapable and unsuccessful go to college really bothers us, - says Tatyana Figurovskaya, a social teacher of the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Lyceum. – That is why we invite everyone to see how good we are. And many of those who were invisible at school, we reveal their abilities. Here they talked a lot about career guidance, and it is certainly needed to prevent what happened to Galya and Nadia: they wanted to become confectioners, but they are studying to be seamstresses. However, in the last year, alarming signals have appeared: the results of our survey showed that already 25% of children are ready to study close to home - what kind of choice of profession can we talk about here?

We regularly hold open days, by the way, the next one is April 1, - adds Elena Nekrasova, deputy director for educational work of the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Lyceum. - Their peculiarity is that our students share their experience: look at me, I already know how to do it, and you will succeed. In addition, we have many clubs and sections in which children from all over the region are involved - and so, through rap and parkour, they then come to us to get a profession.

Leapfrog of budgets

Another problem that hinders the choice of a working profession is the presence or absence of hostels. Children from other cities, most likely, will not go to study where there is no bed for them, and for orphans, the problem of housing becomes decisive. It would seem that the solution lies on the surface: they could stay in the orphanage and go to school by bus, as all "home" students do. And the teenager himself is more familiar, and in the orphanage he does not mind, and the state, it would seem, does not care where exactly the money for the maintenance of the orphan will be spent. It turns out that it is not all the same: the funds are distributed among different departments. Regional problems are added to such a leapfrog of budgets.

For example, the regional law defines: in institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, only low-income people are fed free of charge. But for this you need to bring a certificate. And if mom and dad are not up to the child, then even more so - not up to the certificate. And food is not allowed without a document, - says the chief specialist of the department of primary and secondary vocational education and upbringing of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Krasnoyarsk Territory Tatyana Kondratyuk. - Meanwhile, out of 18 thousand students of technical schools and colleges, a third are low-income, plus a little more than three thousand orphans, about a thousand in a socially dangerous situation - as a result, 70% need free food, and almost all of them require increased attention from teachers and psychologists.

But the most difficult children are those who come from rehabilitation centers, - says Lyudmila Ostova, deputy director for educational work of the Kansk Lyceum No. 12. – They have no habit either to study or to a normal life, the situation is a dead end: they have nothing to do in the orphanage - they cannot continue their education in grades 10-11, and it is difficult for us to work with them - the staffing table does not allow them to take educators.

Specialists also understand that even the most difficult, even with the most modest abilities, children cannot be isolated in specially created educational institutions.

We, fortunately, have left the system of boarding schools, in which children lived and studied. Now they communicate more, better adapt to new conditions, - says the Ombudsman for Children in the Krasnoyarsk Territory Albina Komovich, who writes down all the expressed wishes and problems - first-hand information will be useful for developing new laws of the region aimed at protecting the rights of children.

In social terms, we are sure that our graduates will not have any problems, - confirms the social teacher of the orphanage-lyceum named after. Sovmen Valentin Nenashkin. - They study in different schools, go to circles and sections, graduates are engaged in preparatory courses - Khazret Medzhidovich paid for pre-university training for everyone. All our older children live in blocks for two - they get used to an independent life, they keep order themselves. And although our orphanage, as one of the two non-state in the region, gives graduates good chances to become successful, it is not without problems. In particular, I agree with my colleagues that there are many difficulties in choosing a profession, and they also concern us in full measure. It seems that there are enough educational institutions, but there are no hostels - where to live? We can’t keep it at our place - funding for them is no longer coming. This year, our orphanage will have its first graduates, 12 people: 10 are going to universities, 2 to colleges, seven more 9th grade graduates will need to decide on the choice of primary or secondary vocational education. Maybe it will be more difficult for our children in life - they are used to good conditions, maybe, on the contrary, the acquired knowledge and skills will keep them on the right path.

What to choose: 20 thousand or 5?

But the most difficult problem, according to the general opinion of the round table participants, is employment. The crisis, which threw qualified adult workers onto the labor market, finally cut off the oxygen for specialists with a diploma, but without experience.

To solve the problem of employment of graduates (absolutely all registered with the employment service), a new regional program "Trainee" is aimed, which can be used by 800 people a year: the state will pay them for half a year, and funds are also provided for the remuneration of a mentor. Thus, the program is beneficial for both employers (no need to pay a novice inexperienced specialist), and mentors (additional income), and graduates of educational institutions (gaining experience).

Orphans have a special situation in the labor market. Starting a professional career, they usually receive about five thousand a month, and those who are registered with the employment center as unemployed are entitled to an allowance of more than 20 thousand. True, only six months - then you still have to start working. Or study again. It is clear why orphans do not want to work: even a child will see the difference between 5 and 20 thousand. The fact that the orphan should be supported financially was agreed by all participants of the round table. But you can’t give money just like that - this is also obvious. It would be nice to give the same amount, but only to those who got a job - but for this you need to change the law.

In the meantime, out of 1,766 orphans of the region under the age of 23, who applied to the employment service in 2009, only 210 are employed. Krasnoyarsk Territory Natalya Passazhinskaya.

1. Introduction.

2. Career guidance for orphans

2.1. The essence of career guidance work

2.2 Career guidance work with children from orphanages

H. Conclusion

4. List of used literature

1. Introduction.

Preparing children from orphanages for independent living is the main task of institutions for orphans and children left without parental care. Therefore, work on the social adaptation of orphans becomes the leading task of education. One of the areas of education is work on the professional orientation of children. The choice of a profession is one of the most important life choices made by a person at a young age, since, choosing a profession, he also chooses a way of life. Choosing a profession is a rather complicated process for each person, and especially for an orphan child or a child left without parental care, as it is determined by a specific lifestyle in an orphanage, a limited circle of contacts, and peculiarities of psychophysical development. By the ninth grade, pupils will have to make an important independent decision related to the choice of the way to continue their education: either go to college or stay in a comprehensive school. And the goal of all teachers: both educators and subject teachers, class teacher, additional education teachers, social teachers is to support high school students in choosing the path to continue their education and future professional activities.

2. Vocational guidance for children from orphanages

2.1. Essence of career guidance work.

Vocational orientation is a scientifically based system of preparing young people for a free and independent choice of profession, which is designed to take into account both the individual characteristics of the individual and the need to distribute labor resources. The essence of career guidance as a social problem is that it is necessary to overcome the contradictions between the objectively existing needs of society in a balanced structure of personnel and the professional aspirations of young people. The aims of professional orientation are dictated by the society, its tasks and needs. Traditionally career guidance is built on the basis of the "triad":

The 1st factor includes: professional orientation, interests, inclinations of a person, desires. We can name this factor with one phrase: “WHAT I WANT” (the desires of the educators); - The 2nd factor includes the state of health, personal characteristics: “WHAT I CAN” (abilities, knowledge, skills, skills); -3rd factor includes the needs of the society: "WHAT 11ADOe> (the demand for this profession, the possibilities of the regional employment system).

The objectives of career guidance in institutions for orphans are as follows:

Social - contribute to the formation of a member of society, ready for self-realization;

Economic - regulate the scope of activities and labor flows;

Personal - form the qualities of personality development necessary for choosing a profession, training and successful work;

Educational - bring up diligence, responsibility, conscientiousness and other social and personal qualities;

Educational - give knowledge about the world of professions and individual specialties;

Motivational - motivate pupils to make a reasonable choice of profession.

Areas of activity of the career guidance system:

1) Professional education;

2) Professional diagnostics;

3) Professional advice;

4) Professional selection;

5) Professional adaptation;

b) Professional education.

It should be noted that career guidance contains three main aspects:

1. The informative aspect of vocational guidance is associated with the need to provide educators with comprehensive information about existing professions and specialties based on vocational data.

2. The diagnostic aspect of vocational guidance provides not only a comprehensive study and assessment of personality traits, but also the selection of a number of related professions in which one or another subject could work.

3. The educational aspect is the leading one in the structure of vocational guidance, because it involves the formation of a professional orientation in orphans, the development of interest and desire for the choice of a certain profession, as well as the implementation of psychological preparation for the upcoming professional training and practical activities.

The professional orientation of children from orphanages includes several stages of work:

1. Preliminary professional diagnostics aimed at identifying the interests and abilities of the individual in a particular profession. This stage contains the study of personality traits - value orientations, interests, abilities, needs, inclinations, motives for choosing a profession, character traits, temperament, health status.

2. Professional consultation. This stage is aimed at providing individual assistance in choosing a profession, taking into account the individual characteristics of the person being consulted.

Professional consultations are of two types - individual and group. Features of group consultations - mutual influence and communication of pupils among themselves in the discussion of a particular profession.

1. Professional selection - is carried out in order to identify the suitability of a person for a particular type of activity.

2. Professional selection - providing a person with recommendations and possible areas of work that are most appropriate to his characteristics. 3. Professional information - familiarization of the professional with modern types of production, the state of the labor market, the forms and conditions for mastering professions, the requirements of the profession for a person.

4. Psychological diagnostics is carried out by a specialist psychologist to determine whether the psychological status of the pupil meets the requirements of the chosen profession, to identify the need for remedial measures as part of vocational guidance and subsequent vocational training and employment.

There are a number of criteria for the formation of readiness for professional self-determination, which must be taken into account when conducting professional selection;

Cognitive - the degree of a person's idea of ​​individual psychophysical qualities; the degree of familiarization with the content of the chosen professional activity; degree of awareness about the ways of necessary education,

Motivation and need - the nature of the motivation and activity of students, awareness of the personal and social significance of the future profession, the connection of interests with value orientations, the intensity of emotional experiences, volitional efforts, attention.

Active-practical - the ability of students to correlate their individual characteristics and professional requirements with the length of the profession, possession of the basic methods of work.

In accordance with these criteria, it is possible to single out the main tasks of professional self-determination in the process of teaching the chic of an orphanage:

- "I" - knowledge of oneself, one's qualities, capabilities, abilities, potential, objective needs, strengths and weaknesses of one's personality, development of a system of values, attitudes towards people,

- "Role" - position and expectations in relation to the family, society, future colleagues at work, work and employment in general, - "Job" - own labor opportunities and their use in the open labor market, in other areas, in society, at home ,

- "Career" - awareness of a career as a consistent change in activities. Specialties, professions, places of work throughout life, as the achievement of personal success and job satisfaction,

- "Transition" - the development of personality traits and skills that are necessary to adapt to the changes associated with the transition to the next professional level, i.e. flexibility, the ability to make optimal decisions and constructively solve personal problems.

The basis of career guidance is its psychological support, which combines various forms and methods of professional diagnostics and various types of professional consultations_ There are the following types of consultations:

Inquiry, during which pupils find out employment channels, requirements for employment or study, opportunities for mastering various professions, training periods, remuneration system, prospects for professional growth;

Diagnostic, aimed at studying the personality, interests, inclinations, abilities in order to identify compliance with their chosen or close to it profession;

Medical, aimed at identifying the state of health of pupils, its psychophysiological properties in relation to the chosen profession.

The following methods and forms of work are used for professional diagnostics of the personality of an orphanage educator:

1. Observation. It can be direct (through a direct connection between the researchers and the observed) and indirect (the intermediary between the researcher and the observed is a social pedagogue).

2. Analysis of documents and results of activities:

Personal things,

The results of medical examinations,

cool magazines,

Creative writings, products

Z.Analysis of the practical actions of pupils in the orphanage.

4. Method of questioning.

5. Conversations - interviews.

6. Pedagogical experiment.

7.Method of comparison.

In the process of psychological professional diagnostics of orphanage pupils, those features of their psychological development are assessed, which can significantly impede their mastering the profession and subsequent professional realization. These include:

The peculiarity of mastering communication skills, the level of communicative activity;

The adequacy of the level of claims, self-esteem, criticism.

The breadth of the range of interests, the structure of value orientations;

The degree of dependence on the immediate environment, social infantilism.

Various methods can be used to conduct a minimum career-guidance psychodiagnostic examination of children from orphanages.

In the course of psychological and pedagogical vocational guidance diagnostics of children from orphanages, it is advisable to use a child's vocational guidance card, which includes the following sections:

Personal data;

Data on health status, developmental disorders,

Information about the development and changes of interests,

Information about the personality (temperament, character, abilities, deviations in behavior), the development of communication skills;

Information about professional plans and work experience.

2.2. Career guidance work with children from orphanages

Career guidance work with pupils of children's institutions for orphans should begin much earlier than the child reaches the age at which a professional choice becomes relevant for him. This work is carried out within the framework of general education, the formation of basic personality traits and character traits, the development of a general outlook, a stock of knowledge that contribute to the formation of a future professional. The development of the necessary qualities begins at an early age within the framework of labor education, when the concept of the need for work, its benefits, a sense of satisfaction from the work done and love for it are being formed.

Psychological and vocational education begins in the elementary grades and is the first important stage in the vocational guidance of orphans. Teachers stimulate the pupil's interest in his own personality with its individual characteristics and shortcomings.

The forms of vocational guidance work with younger pupils are simple: storytelling, conversation, watching films, meetings with representatives of various professions, classes in hobby groups - music, drawing, dance, etc. In circles there is an opportunity to create conditions and develop creative abilities. At this stage, it is possible to achieve the following tasks:

Formation of a general positive attitude towards work,

Mental and physical development in accordance with age,

Formation of adequate self-esteem and an adequate attitude to the abilities and inclinations of the child on the part of the staff of the institution.

At the next stage of middle school age, orphans should be included in socially useful and educational work, socially significant motives for choosing professions are formed in them, and interest in a particular type of activity is revealed and developed. Knowledge about professions is expanded due to acquaintance with the content of the work of a particular profession. At this stage, children should be able to navigate the world of professions, have interests in a particular area of ​​professional activity.

The main tasks of professional orientation work during this period are as follows:

Formation of a labor stereotype;

general labor training;

Stimulation of mental and physical development;

Identification of interests and inclinations in the context of the formation of further professional plans.

Forms of vocational guidance work at this stage contain:

labor tests; general labor training; vbshchestveino-useful work; familiarization with the range of preferred professions, the formation of labor discipline, the study of working conditions and production, etc.

At the next age stage (13-15 years), the main attention should be paid to the socio-professional orientation of the choice of profession, taking into account the mental and physical capabilities and inclinations of the pupils.

The main tasks of career guidance work at this stage include:

*Formation of general labor skills and abilities;

*Formation of professional plans;

*Individual interaction with the teacher on the formation of professional plans for the child.

During this period, labor tests are carried out, which involve trying the pupil in various types of labor directly in the training workshops. Forms of professional orientation work in this age period consist in pre-profile labor training, inculcation of business communication skills, organization of domestic work, housekeeping with a focus on its independent implementation.

At the final age stage (15-16 years old), the issue of choosing a profession becomes especially acute.

The main tasks of career guidance work of this stage:

* Formation of adequate professional plans;

* Pre-profile training;

* Expansion of social relations of pupils;

* Socio-environmental orientation;

* Advice on vocational training and employment;

* Assistance in vocational training and employment.

The main tasks of the teacher at this stage are, on the basis of previously acquired knowledge about professions, to form the correct attitude towards the choice of profession among the educator, to generalize the system of knowledge about the modern social economy, production, trade, finance, etc.

The effectiveness of career guidance work at this stage is facilitated by excursions to training and production teams, to educational institutions of vocational education, to enterprises, to employment ...

The main types of career guidance activities within the framework of a children's institution for orphans at each age stage of development have a number of specific aspects that must be taken into account:

Pedagogical, consisting in the formation of the necessary skills, abilities, knowledge;

Medical - diagnostics, stimulation and correction of mental development, psychological counseling and information;

Social - expansion of social ties, social adaptation, social and environmental orientation.

3. Conclusion

Pedagogical activities at each of the age stages of a child's development have different tasks, but the goal of such activities is the development and formation of the necessary skills and abilities for educating the child's personality. The relevance of career guidance assistance to pupils is obvious. Firstly, the most important task of such educational institutions is the formation of full-fledged citizens of their country, and this largely depends on what the matured pupils will do, what profession they will choose and where they will work. Secondly, well-constructed career guidance work also allows solving many pressing problems even during the period of study, since the optimistic perspective of life (and, above all, a real and attractive professional perspective) saves many teenagers from rash steps, from stupidity and various "temptations".

Thus, career guidance is not only a solution to tomorrow's problems, but also an important contribution to the solution of today's acute social problems.

List of used literature:

1. Malenkova N.L., Corrillo Lind K.A. Career guidance program

2. Pryazhnikova E.Yu. Diagnostic materials for self-testing, Academy, 2011

3. Rezapeina G.V. Classroom hours "Conversations about self-determination", Academy 2011

4. Chistyakova S.N., Rodichev N.F. Professional self-determination "Choice of the profile of education and profession", Academy 2011.

Parents can help the child by encouraging him to think and analyze his inclinations, desires and skills, his strengths and weaknesses.

When discussing with a child his future career, it makes sense to follow a few rules.

Rule one. Talk to your child about what he (she) likes, I wonder what I would like to do in the future. Why is it attractive? Is it fashionable? Or maybe the child believes that he has special abilities for this profession? Or maybe he recently watched a movie where the main character was a doctor or a lawyer? The main task here is to encourage the child to introspection and introspection.

Rule two. Do not criticize the child's choice. Better ask what attracts him in this profession. After all, criticism can very often be followed by a backlash - the child will prove to you (and at the same time to himself!), That his choice is the best and correct. And only strengthened in his opinion. It may be the other way around, leaving the conversation for a while, then, as if by chance, “discover”, for example, in the rating of professions, that his chosen specialty is less in demand on the labor market.

Rule three. Understand what your child can. Does it have restrictions. Medical statistics are not encouraging, stating that most children aged 16-17 have diseases that limit them in choosing certain professions. And these are not necessarily professions that place high demands on health, such as a pilot or a military man. For example, if a child has flat feet (just as many people think), he is not recommended professions associated with long standing on his feet, and there are a lot of such professions - and not at all at the machine tool, the teacher also spends a lot of time standing. And this is just one example. What about allergies? Or neurological problems that so many people suffer from? For example, fatigue and reduced attention?

What can experts offer?

The help of psychologists, career guidance specialists can significantly facilitate the laborious process of choosing a profession. And most importantly, make it much more accurate. Here are the main methods we recommend:

special trainings, during which it is possible to observe the behavior of the child in various games and exercises. It is through play that a child learns about himself and the world. For this purpose, games should be modeled so that the child can display and develop certain abilities and skills.

Children try themselves in different roles and in different types of activities. Sometimes they have to take on the function of a leader, sometimes a team player. Participate in negotiations and resolve conflicts. Create a plan and implement it. Show different aspects of your creativity. And as a result you can see:

• Does he tend to take responsibility?
• How developed is his ability for self-organization and self-discipline?
• Can he organize other people's activities?
• What are the switching speed and attention span, and other cognitive functions?
• What is its performance in different conditions?

Research during the training process is useful in that it allows not only to see the skills and characteristics of the child, but also helps him improve his skills, understand his mistakes and correct them.

2. Testing, aimed at identifying the motivation of the child, his system of values ​​and personal characteristics. With the help of tests, the abilities, interests and inclinations of the child are also determined. Tests are conducted repeatedly, and this allows you to see development trends, adjust the plan of training activities.

3. Feedback from a psychologist with parents. This is an opportunity to get expert advice, which helps parents to better see the child's capabilities and his next steps in choosing a profession, discuss emerging issues and develop a future plan together.

Assistance in choosing a profession will be provided by specialists of the Employment Center at your place of residence.

wishGood luck to you!