Ivanovo region, Russia. Ivanovo region. History of the Ivanovo region
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Text content of presentation slides: Cultural and spiritual development of the Ivanovo region in the 14th-16th centuries. The first monasteries In the 14-15 centuries, monastic cloisters were founded in the Ivanovo region: Svyatoyezerskaya Hermitage (Yuzha) Founded by Metropolitan Cyprian (Bulgarian by nationality) Macarius Reshemsky Monastery (Reshma village) 1425 - Nikolo-Shartomsky Monastery was founded The merits of Metropolitan Cyprian He introduced a single charter of worship; At the direction of Cyprian, a chronicle of the most important events taking place in Russia at that time was compiled. Ivan Dmitrievich Pozharsky During the Time of Troubles, his father, Dmitry Pozharsky, vowed to build a monastery near Kholuy if the region was liberated from the Polish interventionists. For some reason, he himself could not do this, but I.D. Pozharsky founded the Nikolo-Borkovskaya hermitage there. Holy people of the region. Tikhon Lukhsky (worldly - Timothy) arrived in Moscow together with Prince Belsky, fleeing from the Catholics. He traveled to the monasteries of our region, but did not stay in any of them. Finally. He settled near the village of Kopytovo (near Lukh), founded a monastery here. Icon of the Mother of God Shuya of Smolensk. In 1654-1655, an epidemic raged in Shuya, claiming the lives of thousands of people. Local icon painter Gerasim Tikhonov painted the icon. After it was brought into the temple, the epidemic stopped. Later, this icon worked hundreds more miracles. The icon saved people until the beginning of the 20th century, and then was lost. Nikon reforms. In the middle of the 17th century, Patriarch Nikon introduced a reform of the church, rewriting the New Testament anew. Many did not agree with the innovations in religion. The opponents of Nikon's reform were called the Old Believers. Old Believers are widespread in the Ivanovo region. In Kineshma, this is Kapiton Kolesnikov, near Yuryevets, Archpriest Avvakum. They urged people not to go to church, not to read new divine books, they were opponents of the king. Architectural monuments The temples of Vladimir and Suzdal were built before the invasion of Batu (13th century) St. Nicholas Cathedral and the Kazan Church in the Introduction of the Shuisky district. (17th century) Resurrection Church in Lukha (17th century) Assumption wooden church in Ivanovo (17th century)
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IVANOVO REGION - the subject of the Russian Fe-de-ra-tion.
Ras-lo-same-on in the center of the European part of Russia. It enters the Central Fe-de-ral ok-rug. The area is 21.4 thousand km2. The population is 1087.9 thousand people (2007; 1288 thousand people in 1959; 1297 thousand people in 1989). The administrative center is the city of Iwa-no-wo. Administrative-territorial division: 21 districts, 17 cities, 14 urban type villages.
Is-to-ri-che-sky essay
The oldest ar-heo-logical-gic pa-myat-ni-ki on the ter-ri-to-rii of the modern Ivanovo region from-no-syat-sya to me-zo-li-tu (bu-tov- kay kul-tu-ra) and yes-ti-ru-yut-sya around the 7th millennium BC. e., but are there pa-leo-li-tic pa-myat-nik-kov on the neighboring ter-ri-to-ri-yah in-call-la-et pre-la -gat more-earlier appearance of people here. In non-oli-those, on the basis of these traditions, there is a rise-la-upper-not-Volga culture-tu-ra, someone-rue change-or-lya-lov- kul-tu-ra and b-lakh-nin-skaya kul-tu-ra, later - in-lo-sov-skaya kul-tu-ra. In the Bronze Age, there are ra-pro-country-ny-yut-sya coming fat-I-nov-skaya kul-tu-ra, then - Aba-shev-skaya kul-tu- ra. On the basis of the os-no-ve in-lo-sov-sky, aba-shev-sky and fat-ya-nov-sky traditions of for-mi-ru-yut-sya so-called. fat-ya-no-id-nye antiquities (ter-ri-to-ria of the Ivanovo region is included in the are-al-chir-kov-sky culture). In the middle of the II millennium BC. e. here-yes about-no-ka-yut but-si-te-whether late-nya-kov-skoy kul-tu-ry. In rezul-ta-te syn-te-for local and alien traditions at the end of the bronze-so-in-th-ve-k warehouse tech-stylish-noy ke-ra-mi-ki cul-tu-ra, the development of someone-swarm continued-elk in na-cha-le wound-not-go-lez- but th ve-ka. On its basis, by the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. in the Upper Volga region, which includes the Ivanovo region, one of the variants of the Dyakovo culture was formed. With the continuation of these traditions, connection-zy-va-yut for-mi-ro-va-nie me-ri and mu-ro-we, pa-myat-no-ki-ko -to-rykh on the territory of the Ivanovo region from-no-syat-Xia to the second half of the 1st - the beginning of the 2nd millennium AD. e.
Since the middle of the 10th century, on the territory of the Ivanovo region, it has become splendid. Their most-earliest pa-min-no-ki from the west in the south-west of the pa-de of the Ivanovo region and, ve-ro-yat-but, are connected with Suz-dal -sky opol-eat. For-se-le-niation of the Upper Volga region mainly came from the Novy-go-rod-sky land, in the Kinesh region, we had the same influence the name of the glory-vya-ni-zi-ro-van-nyh Fin-no-Ug-ditch from the bass-this-to the Klyaz-ma river, to the teaching-drain Yur-e-vets - Pu-chezh new-voe-on- se-le-nie came, ve-ro-yat-but, along the Vol-ga from the City-ca-Ra-di-lo-va. By the 12th-13th centuries, the local na-se-le-nie was glorious-vya-ni-zi-ro-va-no and its culture-tu-ra became part of the ancient Russian. The modern ter-ri-to-riya of the Ivanovo region was-la-la-ok-rai-noy Vla-di-mir-of-the-ve-li-ko-go prince-same-st-va, on the rub-be-same XII-XIII centuries, the ancient cities of Plyos and Yury-e-vets arose here. In the XIV-XV centuries, the Volga region became part of Mo-s-kov-th-ve-ve-li-ko-prince-same-st-va, in this period nick-whether the first mo-on-sta-ri - Ma-ka-ri-ev-Re-shem-sky, Ni-ko-lo-Shar-tom-sky and others. In the XV-XVI centuries, ter-ri -to-riya under-ver-ga-las-ka-zan-skih khans on-be-gum. In 1410, the Grand Duke of Moscow, Vasi-li-em I, Dmitri-rie-vi-than in-goiter-nov-le-on the fortress of Plyos, re-sta-nov-len Yur- e-vec. By 1429, from the first mention of the cities of Lukh and Kinesh-ma, by 1539 - about Shuya. During the reign of Ivan IV, Va-sil-e-vi-cha Groz-no-go ter-ri-to-riy of the Ivanovo region entered the op-rich-ni-nu. In the 16th century, the zem-la-mi here ruled the prince-zya Shui-sky, Bel-sky, Me-zetsky, Bar-rya-tin-sky, in the 17th century - the prince-zya Cher-kas- skies, Po-zhar-skies, Go-li-tsy-ny, dvor-rya-not Push-ki-ny (before-kam A.S. -no).
In the autumn of 1608, in the course of Re-chi Po-spo-li-that in-ter-ven-tion on-cha-la of the 17th century, from-row-dy-la-kov and “tu-shin -tsev "- side-ron-ni-kov of False Dmitry II - for-hwa-ti-li Gav-ri-lov-sky slo-bo-du (we are not the city of Gav-ri-lov Po-sad ), the city of Plyos, the village of Iva-no-vo. In February 1609, detachments, sfor-mi-ro-van-nye in Ki-nesh-me under the direction of the me-st-no-go-vo-vo-dy F. A. Bo -bo-ry-ki-na, na-carried-whether in-la-kam and "tu-shin-tsam" in the same way near the village of Du-ni-lo-vo. In May of the same year, Ki-nesh-ma would-la-ra-zo-re-na from-near-the house of A. I. Li-sov-sko-go.
At the end of 1611, in the village of Mug-ree-vo-Ni-kol-skoe (now not the Yuzhsky district of the Ivanovo region), the birth of Prince D.M. go, would there be slates from the Nizh-ne-go Nov-go-ro-yes, including K. Min-nin, here there would be dos-tig-well-so- the announcement that Po-zharsky was the head of the Second militia of 1611-1612. In the spring of 1612, Zhi-te-whether Yury-ev-tsa and Kinesh-we joined the militia, and also gave him help day-ha-mi.
Not-bad-to-ro-die land you-well-well-yes-lo kre-st-yan for-no-mother-Xia various re-myos-la-mi - kuz-nech-nym, gon- char-nym, co-vein-nym and sheep-chin-but-fur coat pro-mys-scrap. Raz-vi-va-las so-same trade-gov-la. The main transport-ports-us-mi ar-te-ria-mi re-gio-na were the rivers Vol-ga, Te-za, Nerl, Lukh, Uvod, for some reason in the XVII century os-shche-st-v-lyal-sya "jet-go-how". Until the middle of the 19th century, one of the main ports was the city of Plyos on the Volga River. Che-rez Gav-ri-lov-sky slo-bo-du, the village of Lezh-ne-vo, the cities of Shuyu and Lukh pro-ho-di-la one of the important su-ho-puts th roads of Russia - Stro-myn-sky tor-go-th tract. After the race-co-la in the Russian Orthodox Church in the Volga region, there were numerous settlements of old-ro-ob-ryad-tsev.
In co-ot-vet-st-vie with the gu-bern-sky re-for-my of 1708, Shui-sky and Lukh-sky counties entered the Mo-s-kov-sky gu-ber -nii, Ki-ne-shem-sky district - in the composition of the Ar-khan-ge-lo-go-rod-sky province. From the beginning of the 18th century, the development of tech-stylish production, the main raw material for someone, was flax, which served in the region. The first tech-style ma-nu-fak-tu-ra rose-nick-la in the village of Koh-ma around 1720 and was attached to the Dutch industrial mouse-len-ni-ku I. Ta-me-su. Tech-stylish ma-well-fak-tu-ry would you also open-a-merch-mi Dirty-but-you-mi and Ta-la-but-you-mi in Ki- Nesh-me, Hol-sche-vi-ko-you-mi, But-with-you-mi, Shi-lo-you-mi, Kor-ni-lo-you-mi in Shuya, Ka-ret-ni- ko-you-mi in the village of Tei-ko-vo. Linen fabrics were made on them (including for ob-moon-di-ro-va-niya army) and pa-ru-si-na for fl- that.
Since 1778, the northern and eastern parts of the modern Ivanovo region have been part of the Ko-st-Roma province, the southern and western parts of the Vla-di-Mir-gu- ber-nii. In the first third of the 19th century, American cotton began to be used in the local tech-style industry. A significant part of the industrial pot-ten-tsia-la was co-medium-to-chi-va-las in se-lakh (Bo-nyach-ki, Vi-chu-ga, Na-vo-lo-ki, Rod-ni-ki, Te-zi-no, Tei-ko-vo, Se-re-da, Yuzha), races-lo-women near large factories, on some worked-di-lis kre-st-I-not.
In the second half of the 19th century, were the Shui-sko-Ivanovskaya railway, as well as the lines Alek-san-d-dov - Iva-no-voz-ne- sensk (1872-1896), Ne-rekh-ta - Se-re-da (1898), Yury-ev-Pol-sky - Tei-ko-vo (1899), etc.
In this period of large-nei-shi-mi, pre-acceptances were fab-ri-ki Ka-ret-ni-ko-vyh (Shui district), Der-be -ne-out (Kov-rov-sky and Shui-sky counties), Kra-sil-shi-ko-out (the village of Rod-ni-ki in the Yur-e-vets-ko-go county), Ko-no -va-lo-vyh (the village of Bo-nyach-ki and the village of Ka-men-ka of the Ki-ne-shem-sko-go district). Many tech-style enterprises would be action-tsio-ni-ro-va-ny. Partnership ma-nu-fak-tour A. Ka-ret-ni-ko-howl with son-nov-ya-mi (os-no-va-no in 1877) vla-de-lo sit-tse-na- bi-noy (opened in 1787), bu-ma-go-spun-dil-noy (early 1800s) fab-ri-ka-mi in Shui district, near the village of Tei-ko -in; Partnership ma-nu-fak-tu-ry of the brothers G. and A. Gor-bu-no-vyh (1882) - ma-nu-fak-tu-swarm on yarn (1826), weaver-koy (1869) and spin-dil-noy (1892) fab-ri-ka-mi near the village of Se-re-da in Ne-rekht district (now-not Fur-ma -new spin-dil-no-weaving factory No. 2). Partnership ma-nu-fak-tour N.T. (1837), from-bel-noy (1892), weaver-koy (1893) and spinning-dil-noy (1897) fab-ri-ka-mi, races-lo-women-we- mi in Kov-rov-sky and Shui-sky districts. To the partnership ma-nu-fak-tour A. Kra-sil-shchi-ko-howl with son-nov-i-mi (os-no-va-no in 1894) attached-over-le-zhal tech-style- ny complex of the half-no-th cycle: kra-strong-but-from-bel-naya (1820), weaving (1860s), spinning-dil-naya (1898) fab- ri-ki, in 1918, on their basis, ob-ra-zo-va-na Rod-ni-kov-skaya ma-nu-fak-tu-ra "Bol-she-vik" (since 1928 Rod-ni-kov-sky me-lan-zhe-vyy com-bi-nat "Bol-she-vik"; we are not an enterprise attached to the company "Rod- ni-ki-tech-style"). The most-bo-lea-largest was-lo Partnership ma-nu-fak-tour Iva-na Ko-no-va-lo-va with his son (set-tav ut-verzh-den in 1898), vla - the neck of a complex complex of enterprises in the factory settlements of Bo-nyach-ki and the village of Ka-men-ka, in 1913 its main capital consisted of about 7 million rubles.
In 1914, at the enterprises of the region, there were 154.9 thousand workers, including 151.3 thousand people in tech-style from races. In-du-str-riyu from-li-cha-la you-so-kai con-centr-tra-tion of production [at the Kra-sil-shi-ko-vyh factory in Rod-ni- kah ra-bo-ta-li 8.2 thousand people, at the factory-ri-ke Skvor-tsov in Se-re-de - 6.5 thousand people, at the factory-ri-ke Ka-ret- nik-outs in Tei-ko-ve (os-no-va-na in 1787) - 6 thousand people].
After the February Revolution of 1917, in the main industrial centers, would you have created So-ve-you, at the head of someone there were more-she-vi -ki. At the end of October 1917, power passed to them in a peaceful way, because there are fewer vi-ki, socialist-revolutionaries and other parties of influence di na-se-le-nia is not useful. 06/20/1918, the creation of Iva-no-vo-Voz-not-sen-skaya province. In the period of the Civil War of 1917-1922, its ter-ri-to-riya was not-la for-tro-well-that large-scale military clashes -mi, dey-st-in-va-whether from a row of “ze-le-nyh” - kre-st-yan, not-to-free by the Soviet authorities. The industry of the province in 1918-1920 was pre-kra-ti-la ra-bo-tu, because not in a stu-pa-lo the main raw material is cotton from Central Asia, renounced assigned from the RSFSR. Factory sho-la would be pre-ob-ra-zo-va-ny in the city-ro-da: Se-re-da, Tei-ko-vo and Rod-ni-ki (1918) , Vi-chu-ga, Yuzha and Kokh-ma (1925) and others. la ra-bo-tat ar-tel hu-dozh-ni-kov-mi-nia-tyu-ri-stov, what-lo-lo-same-but na-cha-lo the art of ho-lui-sky mi -nia-tu-ry.
In 1929, the ter-ri-to-ria of Iva-no-in-Voz-not-sen-sky province in co-ot-vet-st-vie with the new paradise-they-ro-va-ni-em of the USSR would-la include-on in the composition of the about-ra-zo-van-noy of the Ivanovo-pro-mys-len-noy region. 03/11/1936, on its ter-ri-to-rii ob-ra-zo-va-na sa-mo-stoyatelnaya Ivanovskaya region (incl. province and 7 districts of the Kost-Roma province). De-li-las on 19 districts.
In the years of in-du-st-ria-li-za-tion, many enterprises of re-con-st-rui-ro-va-ny, among them - Southern clap-cha-to -bu-mazh-naya factory-ri-ka (1850s, now-not attached to the company “Southern spin-dil-no-weaving factory-ri-ka” »); New Iva-no-vo-Voz-not-sen-skaya ma-nu-fak-tu-ra (os-no-va-na in 1840 as factory Z. L. Ko-kush- ki-na, in the 1950-1990s, but-si-la, the name of N. A. Zhi-de-leu-va).
In 1944, part of the territory of the Ivanovo region (with the cities of Alek-san-d-rov, Vla-di-mir, Vyaz-ni-ki, Go-ro-ho-vets, Goose-Khru-steel-ny, Ka-ra-ba-no-vo, Kov-ditch, Kol-chu-gi-no, Stru-ni-no, Su-do-gda, Suz-dal, Yury-ev- Pol-sky) re-re-da-na into the again-ra-zo-van-nuyu Vla-di-mir-region.
Tourists prefer to come to the Ivanovo region for the rich artistic traditions. The school of icon painting and lacquer miniatures of the ancient settlements of Kholuy and Palekh are very popular. In addition, there are many beautiful churches, ancient monasteries and historical monuments in Shuya, especially monuments of garden and park sculpture. There are also many historical monuments in the city of Yuryevets, founded by Prince Georgy of Vladimir, in 1225. And the main city of the region, Ivanovo, is still considered the textile center of the country, so it was dubbed the city of Brides. It is noteworthy that the Ivanovo region is an ecologically favorable region in the country. All .
History of the Ivanovo region
The official starting point in the history of the Ivanovo region is 1561. According to legend, the name of the region is associated with the name of Ivan the Terrible. Although the official birthday of the region is June 20, 1918. It was this date that marked the signing of the decree on the emergence of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province. The ancient history of the Ivanovo region attracts many travelers and tourists.
In addition, historical documents indicate that the village of Ivan was first mentioned in the 13th century. The oldest city in the Ivanovo region is Yuryevets, it dates back to 1225. As well as a number of cities already existed during the pre-Mongol era, archaeological excavations testify to this.
Since ancient times, the Ivanovo region has been famous as a center for processing flax and weaving in Russia. It is noteworthy that at the beginning of the 19th century the cities of Ivanovo, Kineshma and Shuya, as well as their surrounding villages and villages, were recognized as a textile region, which was engaged in the production of cotton products. Some preferred to compare this region with England. It is curious that the analogue of Manchester was the city of Ivanovo, and Liverpool - the city of Shuya. Today, the specificity of the regions has not lost its relevance.
Cities in Ivanovo Oblast
The cultural, industrial and administrative center of the region has become the city of Ivanovo, which is located on the picturesque territory of the Volga basin, its distance from the capital is 319 kilometers. The city of Ivanovo consists of four districts, its total area is 105 square kilometers, and over four hundred thousand people live here. The first mention of this city dates back to 1609.
In the southwestern part of the Ivanovo region is the city of Gavrilov Posad. Since ancient times, this city has a favorable location, it has fertile lands. According to history, Gavrilov Posad was located in the center of Ancient Russia. In addition, the Nerl River flowed through it, which was once part of the Great Volga Route.
Another ancient city is Kineshma, where in the old days a small population lived, its territory was lost in swamps and forests. The city has a very rich history, the ancient population worshiped pagan gods. The city of Kokhma has a five-hundred-year history; its ancient origin is proved by its name. The name of the city has remained since the time of the Finno-Ugric tribes living on the territory of the Upper Volga.
Sanatoriums of the Ivanovo region
Local sanatoriums are built in the most favorable areas, near lakes, rivers, ponds, pine forests, which has a positive effect on the health of tourists. In addition, it is worth noting the special climatic factors and clean forest air. The sanatoriums are well equipped and beautifully furnished, so they are more reminiscent of health resorts than standard hospitals.
Treatment in Ivanovo sanatoriums is an ideal offer for those who want to cure diseases of the respiratory tract, digestive organs and the circulatory system. Many advantages make it possible to quickly and efficiently improve the metabolism and nervous system, as well as recover from some serious diseases. A feature of the sanatoriums are the sources of mineral waters. This element allows you to get rid of problems with the digestive system. Skin diseases can be treated with peat healing mud, which also has a rejuvenating effect.
They moved on wagons, transporting their light dwellings on them. The family cemetery was the center of the nomadic territory. The male burials contained drilled stone axes, tools made of stone and bone, clay spherical vessels. Dishes, household items, as well as jewelry, including those made of copper, were found in female burials.
Formation of the Ivanovo-Voznesensky industrial region
Ivanovo region has been one of the centers of weaving and processing of flax in Russia since ancient times. Already in the first third of the 19th century, Ivanovo and the villages and villages surrounding it, the county towns of Shuya and Kineshma, were firmly established as a textile region. The region produced most of the cotton products of Russia, it was compared with England, at that time famous for its textiles. At the largest fairs, a “special row” is opened, called Ivanovo. By the end of the 19th century, as a result of the rapid development of industry after the emancipation of the peasants in 1861, a number of large economic regions had developed in Russia. One of them was the Ivanovo-Voznesensky industrial region, covering the northern industrial uyezds of Vladimir Governorate and the southern industrial uyezds of Kostroma Governorate.
The process of concentration of industry and the use of steam engines contributed to the formation and enlargement of industrial centers. By 1879, such centers in the Ivanovo Territory were the cities of Ivanovo-Voznesensk (49 enterprises), Shuya (38), Kineshma (4), the villages of Teikovo (4), Kokhma (9), Yakovlevskoye (5), Rodniki (4) and a number of others, whose enterprises were closely connected with the textile factories of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Good transport conditions also favored the development of the textile industry. The Volga, Oka and Kama rivers connected the region with the grain-growing southeast, the mining Urals, with the center of Russia, with the Baltic and Caspian Seas. In the 60s of the XIX century, a railway was built, which gave Ivanovo-Voznesensk a transport outlet to Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, Kineshma. As a result, the industry of the region received even more opportunities for obtaining raw materials and exporting products to markets. Ivanovo-Voznesensk grew rapidly.
Modern period
Modern borders Ivanovo region acquired in 1994 after the transfer of the Sokolsky district to the Nizhny Novgorod region.
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An excerpt characterizing the history of the Ivanovo region
- He sent Uvarka to listen at dawn, - his bass said after a moment of silence, - he said, he transferred it to the Otradnensky order, they howled there. (The translation meant that the she-wolf, whom they both knew about, went with the children to the Otradnensky forest, which was two miles from the house and which was a small detached place.)- Do you have to go? Nikolai said. - Come to me with Ovarka.
- As you command!
- So wait a minute to feed.
- I'm listening.
Five minutes later, Danilo and Uvarka were standing in Nikolai's large office. Despite the fact that Danilo was not large in stature, seeing him in the room gave the impression similar to when you see a horse or a bear on the floor between the furniture and the conditions of human life. Danilo himself felt this and, as usual, stood at the very door, trying to speak more quietly, not to move, so as not to somehow break the master's chambers, and trying to express everything as soon as possible and go out into the open, from under the ceiling to the sky.
Having finished the questions and forced out Danila’s consciousness that the dogs were okay (Danila himself wanted to go), Nikolai ordered to saddle. But as soon as Danila wanted to go out, Natasha entered the room with quick steps, not yet combed and not dressed, in a large, nanny's scarf. Petya ran in with her.
- You are going? - said Natasha, - I knew it! Sonya said that you would not go. I knew that today was such a day that it was impossible not to go.
“Let’s go,” Nikolai answered reluctantly, who today, since he intended to undertake a serious hunt, did not want to take Natasha and Petya. - We are going, but only for the wolves: you will be bored.
“You know that this is my greatest pleasure,” said Natasha.
- This is bad - he rides himself, ordered to saddle, but he didn’t say anything to us.
- All obstacles to the Russians are in vain, let's go! Petya shouted.
“But you shouldn’t be: mother said you shouldn’t,” said Nikolai, turning to Natasha.
“No, I will go, I will certainly go,” Natasha said decisively. - Danila, tell us to saddle, and Mikhail to ride with my pack, - she turned to the huntsman.
And so it seemed indecent and hard for Danila to be in the room, but it seemed impossible for him to have any business with the young lady. He lowered his eyes and hurried out, as if it did not concern him, trying somehow not to inadvertently harm the young lady.
The old count, who always kept a huge hunt, but now transferred all the hunting to the jurisdiction of his son, on this day, September 15, having cheered up, was about to leave himself too.
An hour later, all hunting was at the porch. Nikolai, with a stern and serious look, showing that there was no time now to deal with trifles, walked past Natasha and Petya, who were telling him something. He inspected all parts of the hunt, sent a flock and hunters ahead to the race, sat on his red bottom and, whistling the dogs of his pack, set off through the threshing floor into the field leading to the Otradnensky order. The horse of the old count, a playful merenka called Viflyanka, was led by the count's stirrups; he himself had to go straight in a droshky to the manhole left for him.
All the hounds were bred 54 dogs, under which 6 people left as dodzhachim and vyzhlyatnikov. In addition to the gentlemen, there were 8 greyhounds, followed by more than 40 greyhounds, so about 130 dogs and 20 horse hunters went into the field with the master's packs.
Each dog knew the owner and nickname. Each hunter knew his business, place and purpose. As soon as they went beyond the fence, everyone, without noise or conversation, evenly and calmly stretched out along the road and the field leading to the Otradnensky forest.
As if horses were walking on a furry carpet across the field, occasionally splashing through the puddles when they crossed the roads. The misty sky continued to descend imperceptibly and evenly to the earth; the air was quiet, warm, soundless. From time to time one could hear the whistling of a hunter, then the snoring of a horse, then a blow with a rapnik or the squeal of a dog that was not walking in its place.
Having driven a mile away, five more riders with dogs appeared out of the fog towards the Rostov hunt. Ahead rode a fresh, handsome old man with a large gray mustache.
“Hello, uncle,” Nikolai said when the old man drove up to him.
- A clean march! ... I knew it, - my uncle spoke (he was a distant relative, a poor neighbor of the Rostovs), - I knew that you couldn’t stand it, and it’s good that you were going. Pure business march! (That was my uncle's favorite saying.) - Take your order now, otherwise my Girchik reported that the Ilagins were willingly standing in Korniki; you have them - a clean march! - under the nose they will take a brood.
- I'm going there. What, bring down the flocks? - Nikolai asked, - dump ...
The hounds were united in one flock, and uncle and Nikolai rode side by side. Natasha, wrapped in kerchiefs, from under which a lively face with shining eyes could be seen, galloped up to them, accompanied by a hunter and a bereytor, who was assigned by the nanny with her, who did not lag behind her, Petya and Mikhaila. Petya laughed at something and beat and pulled his horse. Natasha deftly and confidently sat on her black Arab and with a sure hand, without effort, laid siege to him.
Uncle looked disapprovingly at Petya and Natasha. He did not like to combine pampering with the serious business of hunting.
- Hello, uncle, and we're going! Petya shouted.
“Hello, hello, but don’t pass the dogs,” my uncle said sternly.
- Nikolenka, what a lovely dog, Trunila! he recognized me,” Natasha said about her beloved hound dog.
“Trunila, first of all, is not a dog, but a survivor,” thought Nikolai and looked sternly at his sister, trying to make her feel the distance that should have separated them at that moment. Natasha understood this.
“You, uncle, don’t think that we interfere with anyone,” said Natasha. We stand where we are and don't move.
“And a good thing, countess,” said my uncle. “Just don’t fall off the horse,” he added, “otherwise it’s a pure march!” - nothing to hold on to.
The island of Otradnensky order could be seen a hundred fathoms away, and those arriving approached it. Rostov, finally deciding with his uncle where to throw the hounds from and showing Natasha a place where she should stand and where nothing could run, headed for the race over the ravine.
“Well, nephew, you’re becoming a seasoned one,” said the uncle: don’t iron (pickle).
- As it is necessary, answered Rostov. - Punish, fuit! he shouted, answering this call to the words of his uncle. Karay was an old and ugly, burly male, known for taking a seasoned wolf alone. Everyone got into place.
The old count, knowing his son's hunting ardor, hurried not to be late, and before the travelers had time to drive up to the place, Ilya Andreevich, cheerful, ruddy, with trembling cheeks, on his crows, rode through the greenery to the manhole left to him and, straightening his fur coat and putting on hunting shells, climbed onto his smooth, well-fed, meek and kind, gray-haired like him, Bethlyanka. The horses with the droshky were sent away. Count Ilya Andreevich, although not a hunter by heart, but who knew the laws of hunting firmly, rode into the edge of the bushes from which he was standing, took apart the reins, straightened himself in the saddle and, feeling ready, looked around smiling.
Beside him stood his valet, an old but heavy rider, Semyon Chekmar. Chekmar kept in a pack of three dashing, but also fat, like the owner and the horse - wolfhounds. Two dogs, smart, old, lay down without a pack. About a hundred paces away in the edge of the forest stood the count's other aspirant, Mitka, a desperate rider and a passionate hunter. The count, according to an old habit, drank a silver glass of hunting casserole before the hunt, ate and washed down with a half bottle of his favorite Bordeaux.
Ilya Andreich was a little red from the wine and the ride; his eyes, covered with moisture, especially shone, and he, wrapped in a fur coat, sitting on the saddle, looked like a child who was gathered for a walk. Thin, with retracted cheeks, Chekmar, having settled down with his affairs, looked at the master with whom he had lived for 30 years in perfect harmony, and, understanding his pleasant mood, was waiting for a pleasant conversation. Another third person approached cautiously (it was obvious that it had already been learned) from behind the forest and stopped behind the count. The face was an old man in a gray beard, in a woman's bonnet and a high cap. It was the jester Nastasya Ivanovna.
“Well, Nastasya Ivanovna,” the count said in a whisper, winking at him, “just stomp the beast, Danilo will ask you.”
“I myself ... with a mustache,” said Nastasya Ivanovna.
- Shhhh! the count hissed and turned to Semyon.
Have you seen Natalya Ilyinichna? he asked Semyon. - Where is she?
“He and Pyotr Ilyich got up from the Zharovs weeds,” answered Semyon smiling. - Also ladies, but they have a big hunt.
“Are you surprised, Semyon, how she drives… huh?” - said the count, if only the man was in time!
- How not to wonder? Bold, smart.
- Where is Nikolasha? Above Lyadovsky top or what? the Count asked in a whisper.
- Yes, exactly. They already know where to be. They know the ride so subtly that Danila and I marvel at other times, ”Semyon said, knowing how to please the master.
- Drives well, doesn't it? And what is it like on a horse, huh?
- Paint a picture! As the other day from Zavarzinsky weeds they pushed the fox. They began to jump, from a lot, passion - a horse is a thousand rubles, but there is no price for a rider. Yes, look for such a young man!
“Look…” the count repeated, apparently regretting that Semyon’s speech ended so soon. – Search? he said, turning back the flaps of his fur coat and taking out a snuffbox.
- The other day, as from mass, they came out in all their regalia, so Mikhail then Sidorych ... - Semyon did not finish, hearing the rut clearly heard in the still air with the howling of no more than two or three hounds. He bowed his head, listened, and silently threatened his master. “They ran into a brood ...” he whispered, they led him straight to Lyadovskaya.
The count, forgetting to wipe the smile from his face, looked ahead of him into the distance along the lintel and, without sniffing, held a snuffbox in his hand. Following the barking of dogs, a voice was heard over the wolf, fed into Danila's bass horn; the flock joined the first three dogs, and one could hear how the voices of the hounds roared from the bay, with that special howl that served as a sign of the rut on the wolf. Those who arrived no longer squealed, but hooted, and from behind all the voices Danila's voice came out, now bassy, now piercingly thin. Danila's voice seemed to fill the whole forest, came out from behind the forest and sounded far into the field.
After listening for a few seconds in silence, the count and his stirrup made sure that the hounds had split into two flocks: one large one, roaring especially fervently, began to move away, the other part of the flock rushed along the forest past the count, and with this flock Danila's hooting was heard. Both of these ruts merged, shimmered, but both moved away. Semyon sighed and bent down to straighten the bundle, in which the young male got entangled; the count also sighed, and noticing the snuff-box in his hand, he opened it and took out a pinch. "Back!" shouted Semyon at the male, which stepped out of the edge. The Count shuddered and dropped his snuffbox. Nastasya Ivanovna got down and began to lift her up.
Ivanovo region- an administrative-territorial unit in the European part of Russia, a subject of the Russian Federation, is part of the Central Federal District. She was awarded the Order of Lenin (1967).
The area is 21,437 km².
Population over 1000 thousand people
The regional center is the city of Ivanovo, the distance from Ivanovo to Moscow is 275 km.
The region is located in the center of the European part of Russia. Most of it lies between the Volga and Klyazma rivers. Area - 21,437 km² (one of the smallest regions of Russia, only Kaliningrad is larger). It borders on the Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma and Yaroslavl regions. The length of the territory from north to south is 158 km, from west to east - 230 km.
History of the Ivanovo region
The starting point of the history of the region as an independent region officially formalized in administrative-territorial terms is the decision of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR, which decided to form the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province, the successor of which soon became the Ivanovo region. This historic resolution was adopted on June 20, 1918, so this day is rightfully considered the birthday of the Ivanovo region.
The first mention of Ivanovo dates back to 1561 and, according to legend, is associated with the name of Ivan the Terrible, although according to some data not confirmed by historical documents, the village of Ivan is mentioned as early as 1328. According to the chronicles, the oldest city in the Ivanovo region is Yuryevets (1225). ), and according to the results of archaeological excavations, the cities already existed in the pre-Mongolian period - Shuya (associated with the famous princely family of the Shuiskys), Kineshma, Ples, Gavrilov Posad, Kokhma.
As in other territories of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, many Orthodox churches were built, monasteries were founded.
Ivanovo region has been one of the centers of weaving and processing of flax in Russia since ancient times. Already in the first third of the XIX century. Ivanovo and the surrounding villages and hamlets, the county towns of Shuya and Kineshma are firmly established as a textile region. The region produced most of the cotton products in Russia, it was compared with England, which was famous for its textiles at that time (Ivanovo - with Manchester, Shuya - with Liverpool). At the largest fairs, a “special row” is opened, called Ivanovo.
By the end of the last century, as a result of the rapid development of industry after the emancipation of the peasants in 1861, a number of large economic regions had taken shape in Russia. One of them was the Ivanovo-Voznesensky industrial region, covering the northern industrial districts of the Vladimir province and the southern industrial districts of the Kostroma province. This factory region was divided right along its middle by the administrative border between the Vladimir (Shuisky district) and Kostroma (Kineshma and Yuryevets counties) provinces. This border arose as early as 1778, when during the reign of Catherine II a new division of the Russian Empire into provinces was established. It existed for 140 years - from 1778 to 1918.
On January 28-29, 1918, the II Congress of Soviets of the Ivanovo-Kineshma region declared itself the provincial founding congress. New departments of the executive committee were created, and the district executive committee itself was renamed into the provincial one, headed by M.V. Frunze. Another step towards the organization of the province was taken at the III Congress of Soviets of the Ivanovo-Voznesensky District on April 21-24, 1918. At this congress, the specific boundaries of the province were outlined, it was decided to go to the government with a request to create a new province and approve its borders.
On June 20, 1918, Ivanovo-Voznesensk Governorate was approved by a resolution of the collegium under the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs, with the center in the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk as part of the territories determined by the III Congress of Soviets of the Ivanovo-Kineshma region.
The creation of a new province immediately gave a powerful impetus to the development of the region.
Relying on the acquired provincial status, from the end of 1918, the Ivanovo people began to gradually start up the stopped factories and factories, to establish food supplies for the starving population. The formation of an independent province allowed in 1920-24. fully restore the economic potential of the region.
In 1918-20. in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, a polytechnic institute and an institute of public education, a museum of local lore, a public library, a House of Education Workers, a socio-economic technical school, a number of general education schools, and health care institutions were opened. The powerful potential of the Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya province was used to the maximum for the industrialization of the country in the late 1920s and 1930s. The center of the new industrial region, created in January 1929, was the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province, uniting Vladimir, Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces around itself. The region was named the Ivanovo industrial region.
During the Great Patriotic War, thousands of Ivanovo residents participated in the defense of our Motherland. Their contribution to the Victory was appreciated - 156 people were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 20 were awarded Orders of Glory of three degrees.
Ivanovo region is the birthplace of prominent Soviet military leaders: A.M. Vasilevsky, S.F. Zhavoronkova, A.V. Gorbatova, N.M. Khlebnikova, P.A. Belova.
During the war years, Ivanovo people selflessly worked in the rear, producing the products needed by the front.
Similar to the 20-30s. in terms of economic growth, there was a period of the late 50s - early 60s, when Ivanovo became the center of the Upper Volga economic region, where the activities of the Upper Volga Council of the National Economy (Sovnarkhoz) took place - a large regional economic association in the northeast of Europe parts of Russia. Ivanovo was the economic center of the region.
Governor of the region - Mikhail Alexandrovich Men
Mikhail Alexandrovich Men was born on November 12, 1960 in the village of Semkhoz, Sergiev Posad (Zagorsky) district, Moscow region.
1978-1980
Studying at the Moscow Institute of the Petrochemical and Gas Industry. Gubkin, specialty "Industrial heat power engineering".
1980-1982 Service in the army in the Dalvoenmorstroy division of the Pacific Fleet (in the cities of Vladivostok and Sovetskaya Gavan).
1983-1991 Work in cultural institutions in Moscow and the Moscow region. Studying at the Moscow State University of Culture.
1991-1993 Work in the publishing business.
1993-1995 Deputy of the Moscow Regional Duma from the Sergiev Posad District of the Moscow Region, member of the Committee on Legislation, Issues of Government and Local Self-Government.
1995-1999 Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation from the 104th single-member district, which includes the Sergiev Posad, Klin, Dmitrovsky and Taldom districts of the Moscow region, as well as the city of Dubna near Moscow. Deputy Chairman of the Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation for Culture.
1999-2002 Vice Governor of the Moscow Region, First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Moscow Region.
2002-2005 Deputy Mayor of Moscow in the Government of Moscow.
On November 22, 2005, the Legislative Assembly of the Ivanovo Region unanimously approved the proposal submitted by the President of Russia V.V. Putin's candidacy of Mikhail Men for the post of Governor of the Ivanovo Region.
On October 19, 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev submitted to the Ivanovo Regional Duma the candidacy of the current head of the region, Mikhail Men, to give him the powers of a governor for a second term. Deputies of the Ivanovo Regional Duma on October 22, 2010 extended the powers of Mikhail Men.
Education
Moscow State University of Culture, specialty "Direction".
Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (with honors), specialty "Jurisprudence".
Mikhail Men is the author of a number of books and publications. PhD in Philosophy.
He has state awards and awards of the Russian Orthodox Church. His work was marked by three commendations from the President of the Russian Federation. In 2011 he was awarded the Order of Honor.
He is a member of the All-Russian political party "United Russia".
Mikhail Alexandrovich is married and has five children.
Hobbies - music and sports.
Administrative-territorial division of the Ivanovo region
The composition of the Ivanovo region includes:
- 21 municipal districts,
- 4 urban areas,
- 6 cities of regional subordination,
- 11 cities of district subordination,
- 31 working settlements.
- Urban district "City of Ivanovo"
- Urban district "City of Vichuga"
- Urban district "City of Kineshma"
- Urban district "City of Kokhma"
- Urban district "City of Teikovo"
- Urban district "City of Shuya"
- Verkhnelandekhovsky district
- Vichugsky district
- Gavrilovo-Posadsky district
- Zavolzhsky district
- Ivanovsky district
- Ilyinsky district
- Kineshma district
- Komsomolsky district
- Lezhnevsky district
- Lukhsky district
- Palekh region
- Pestyakovsky district
- Privolzhsky district
- Puchezhsky district
- Rodnikovsky district
- Savinsky district
- Teikovsky district
- Furmanovsky district
- Shuisky district
- Yuzhsky district
- Yuryevets district