Hissing consonants. About the origin of the word
Hissing consonants received such interesting name it is no coincidence - they really seem to hiss, because they pronounce them in a special way. Our article for grade 2 students tells in detail about them: what groups such sounds are divided into, which ones have features and phonetic characteristics.
What are these sounds and how to pronounce them
Hissing sounds are distinguished from the rest by the acoustic noise that they produce, that is, hissing. You can pronounce them correctly only with the lips open and slightly extended forward, while the teeth are almost closed. Thus, a gap is obtained, passing through which the air hisses. So, a prime example the hissing consonant sound is the sound [u], which is clearly pronounced in this way, without the addition of a voice. All four of these sounds are always pronounced on the exhale. At the same time, the sound does not pass from the sides: it is blocked by the tongue pressed against the molars and the hard palate. That is, in order to pronounce the hissing sound correctly, you need to “make” a ladle from the tongue.
We can say that they have a difficult character - it is difficult to pronounce them not only for children, but also for many adults. To learn how to do this correctly, you need to follow not only the setting of the tongue and lips, but also the exhaled air: its jet passes approximately in the middle and should be wide enough. You can check this by raising your hand to your mouth.
If you follow your articulation, you will notice that all hissing sounds are based on one - [w]. So, [g] appears if you add a voice to it, that is, a trembling of the vocal cords. With [u], the middle part of the tongue rises, and with [h], a bow in front of the labiodental fissure is also added to such a rise.
Unpaired or paired?
The science of the Russian language considers unpaired sounds[h] and [u], and [g] and [w] - paired only on one basis. And indeed, since other sounds that have a pair, they cannot be completely combined. However, there are two signs by which they can be combined into groups - this is sonority / deafness and hardness / softness. So, [g] and [w] are only hard sounds, and [h] and [u] are soft. It doesn't matter what vowels come after them. Even if you put a soft sign after the letter denoting a hard hissing, the sound will be pronounced firmly.
As for the division into deaf and voiced, [w], [h] and [u] belong to the first category, and only [g] to the second, since a voice is added when it is pronounced. Thus, [g] and [w] are paired on the basis of deafness / voicedness.
Once it was different - [w] and [w] were soft, but since the 14th century they began to become the same as today, that is, hard.
Phonetic characteristics of hissing sounds
So, each sound has its own characteristics. To consolidate the information, you need to parse all four separately, without mentioning in the classification that they are hissing:
- [g] - solid, voiced, paired.
- [w] - solid, deaf, paired.
- [h] - soft, deaf, unpaired.
- [u] - soft, deaf, unpaired.
What have we learned?
There are only four hissing sounds in Russian - these are [w], [zh], [h] and [u]. They are so called because of the special manner of pronunciation. Their phonetic characteristics, the way they are pronounced, make these sounds special and complex.
The topic of the lesson is "Hissing consonants."
Goals: conduct observations on the peculiarity of the pronunciation of hissing sounds; to form the ability to recognize hissing consonant sounds in words; develop a skill correct spelling words with learned spellings; learn to work with text; give ideas about solid consonant sounds [Ж] and [Ш] and soft sounds[H"] and [SCH"].
Planned results: students will learn how to correctly pronounce hissing consonant sounds; distinguish hissing consonant sounds in words.
Lesson objectives:
creating conditions for replenishing children's knowledge about the hardness-softness of consonant sounds ([w] - [w] - always hard);
to promote the formation of literate writing skills;
to develop in students coherent oral and written speech.
instilling interest in Russian language lessons through the use of information technology.
During the classes:
Organizing time.
A cheerful bell rang
We are starting our lesson.
We are on the road with the Russian language.
And we take a good mood to help.
What is the mood?
WO-Oh-Oh!
slide 1.
Children, today we are going to have an extraordinary trip to the country of animation. We found ourselves in a wonderful fairy-tale meadow. Where are we?
slide 2
Drawn country
cute round animals
From end to end she
In a thousand rabbit jumps.
So who are we visiting?
Correctly. We were invited to Smeshariki. (slide3 )
Knowledge update.
So, let's start the journey.
This house is colorful
Like a master of long ears!
And visible from afar
And boom boom!
From it, well, very often,
Because you won't understand
Why so restless
This cute rabbit Krosh! (slide4)
Guys, Krosh loves to joke, he is such a fun guy. I hid the topic of our lesson, encrypted it. Let's play with Krosh in his game.(Slide5)
Suggestion board:
A hedgehog lies by the Christmas tree, the hedgehog has needles.
Six mice rustle in a hut.
Wolves roam, looking for food.
What are these offers called?
How are tongue twisters read?
Let's say it slowly first and then quickly.
Was it difficult to pronounce? Who guessed what sounds these tongue twisters teach to pronounce?
goal setting
What do you think is the topic of our lesson today? (slide 6) (hissing consonants)
What goals will we set? (Learn to pronounce hissing consonants correctly; learn to distinguish them in words)
Cognitive task lesson: what are hissing consonants.
(slide 7)
Work on the topic of the lesson.
1. Organization of perception and comprehension new information, that is, the assimilation of the initial data.
Textbook work.
Ex. 1 (p. 104)
Read.
What is this text about?
Find words that have hissing sounds. Say each hissing sound. Name the letter with which it is designated on the letter.
Find in the text words with hissing consonants. Name the letters they represent.
Ex. 2 (p. 104)
Review the drawings. Name the items.
Listen to the sound of the hissing consonant in each of the words.
Which of the hissing consonants in these words are hard and which are soft?
Let's all get up. introduced themselvesballoon . We start to deflate, we make a sound. And now we -beetles . They buzzed. What sounds did we make? Are they hard or soft?slide 8, 9)
2. Primary check of understanding. Slide 10
These tasks were invented for you by the Hedgehog.
slide 11
Working with tongue twisters. (One write off in a notebook, emphasizing the letters that indicate the hissing sounds.)
slide 12
Here we see a beautiful house,
And flowers grow all around
And the hostess is just
Queen of beauty.
No, not a queen yet
But princess, yes,
Inspire everyone you know
For great things!
Who is this clumsy
Who is the fastest of all
Gathered guests?
Well, of course it's Nyusha!
She really loves to read books. And then one day she was reading her favorite poem, and the butterflies, playing, covered a few words in it. Let's read this passage and fill in the right words.Slide 13-16
Well done! You did it.How pleased with your answers Nyusha.
Physical education minute. ( slide17 ) Sovunya invites you to rest. She loves to organize morning exercises. Her motto is "Give a healthy and cheerful lifestyle!"(Musical physical education)
And we go to the next house.
Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson.
3. Organization of the assimilation of methods of activity by reproducing information and exercises in its application according to the model.
VIII . Vocabulary work. slide18
Here we see the house
And a heart on the door
And inside is full of paper
On the paper of that verse.
He is a romantic, he is a dreamer
He is afraid of heights
Gore is an ardent contemplator,
With Nyusha, the muse of beauty.
To be inspired
Make a sharp turn
What is this creation?
Well, of course - Barash.
Barash offers you a proverb. Read it.
slide19
Introduction to a new word.
AnyJobeasy if you do it willingly.
How many syllables are there in a word?
What percussion?
What unstressed vowel do we need to remember?
Split the word to hyphenate.
Write the word in your notebook. Place the stress and underline the unstressed vowel A.
2. Work on the development of speech.
Orally - make a sentence with a new dictionary word.
3. Creative application and acquisition of knowledge, development of methods of activity by solving problematic tasks built on the basis of previously acquired knowledge and skills.
slide 20.
This house smells like honey
Garden around the house.
Unfamiliar with ice
The disco dancer lives in it.
There is no better landowner,
He is talented here and there
good-natured bear
Everyone calls Kopatych.
Kopatych is a very active bear, hardworking, generous. He loves his friends very much and hopes to test your knowledge of hissing consonants with their help.
Work in pairs. slide 21.
In this fabulous country, everyone is friends, help each other in difficult times, rejoice together and grieve together. But it's great when you have friends.
Exercise: restore the poem. Emphasize sizzling. Come up with a title for the poem.
1 .In the morning, grandfather asked his granddaughter
– Why don't you wash your hands?
Granddaughter answers:
– I'm not white! (7 hisses)
2 .The spring day has come.
I run out onto the porch.
Sun in the sky, sun in a puddle.
Both shine in my face. (3 hisses)
3 . The pike swallowed the brush
Brushherticklesthroat
Amazing thing!
What kind of fish did I eat? (5 hissing)
slide 22
Before us is a green house
He's like that because of the grass
A scientist lives there
He is a connoisseur of beauty!
There are many books in this house
And this dummy planet,
Call it the globe.
Well, of course - Losyash!
Look guys, how many books. Losyash read them all. He knows a lot of interesting things. And for you, he has prepared such a task.
Choose appropriate words with hissing consonants
A game"Black White"
slide 24.
Pin has prepared puzzles for you .
He can assemble anything from a pile of metal, and this “anything” will work as he pleases. The result is almost impossible to predict. But for him the main thing is not the result, but the process.Slides 25-27.
IX. Reflection . slide 28.
Complete the sentences:
In class, I learned...
The most interesting task was...
The difficulty caused me...
I can commend myself for...
X . Summing up the lesson.
slide 29.
Smeshariki really liked your work at the lesson, and they prepared gifts for you. These are coloring pages with the characters of your favorite cartoon.
But before the presentation, they would like to hear again about the hissing sounds:
What consonants are called hissing sounds?
How many?
What groups are hissing divided into?
Here we know all the animals,
Round like balls
And tell us in the final
Their name is Smeshariki! List all Smeshariki whose names contain hissing sounds. (Krosh, Hedgehog, Nyusha, Barash, Losyash, Kar-Karych, Kopatych)slide 30
Children are given gifts-coloring books from Smeshariki.
What is your mood at the end of the lesson? (Slide 31).
Thank you for the lesson!
ADDITIONAL TASK:
Cows - squeak
magpies - crackle
mice - fly,
bears - moo,
roosters - graze,
woodpeckers - knock,
growl,
are sleeping
Once upon a time there were four hissing letters almost at the very end of the ABC: H, C, W and SCH. The oldest among them was the letter W. She was all w rough, a little w fluffed up, talked most of the time w a faggot and loved to dress in w furry things.
She had a sister - letter SCH- creepy sch faggot and fashionista. She wore bracelets not only on both hands, but also on sch ankles. eyebrows she sch plucked with iptsami into a thin thread, and for sch ek did not spare blush. She often sch urinated because she had poor eyesight, and she was embarrassed to wear glasses. She was very cheerful and mischievous: constantly sch fucked yes sch I fell. Letter SCH did not want to be like her older sister, and therefore attached herself a ponytail. With this ponytail she loved sch kotat letter W, and that w arahala from her and angrily w sizzled, wrapping herself in w al:
Well enough already w duck and w pour, otherwise I will make you pay w traffic!
Letter u u pissed and laughed, but then she felt sorry for her sister, she sch adila kissed her in sch Echka and heartily wished her " sch astya".
Still had a letter W her quirks and passions, for example, for some reason she really did not like the letter S:
What kind of letter is this? - w she messed with other letters. - She is always only small, never capitalized, with an unpleasant thick belly, and even relies on a stick! No, I personally will never stand next to her, it's just unpleasant for me!
But how to be? - tried to persuade her other letters. - You never know how we treat anyone, but in different words we have to stand next to each other. It's our job! We are for that
exist to form different words. For example, in the word SHISHKA you have to stand next to Y.
Never! - stubborn letter W. - Let the letter be better with me And costs. I like her, she looks a little like me, only she has two legs, and I have three ... With the letter And I agree to stand next to you in any words!
But that's not possible! - other letters began to resent! - Indeed, in this word, and in others, for example: Shir, Shyna, Shyfr the letter is clearly heard S, so she should stand next to you.
And I don't want everything! - the letter persisted Sh.
No matter how other letters persuaded her, nothing helped. Moreover, the letter F began to support her:
I also have a letter S I do not like! she said. - And I, like W I will stand next to only the letter And in all words where it should be S, For example: Life, Zhyr, Painting...
And since the letter F stood in the first ten letters of the Alphabet and her voice was much louder than W, the two of them managed to insist on their own. Then I had to come up with a special rule for all writers:
« In all words, the syllables ZhI and SHI are written only with the letter I!
That's how two stubborn letters got their way.
And the letter SCH had a daughter C. Outwardly, she was very much like her mother: exactly the same ponytail, only not three legs, but two, but her character was completely different: she considered herself c center of the world and very c ennoi .
Her mother was to blame for this, who constantly c taunted her and called
daughter "C arena". How then did the letter repent of this SCH because the grown daughter became for her c little problem: she was naughty, capricious and wayward.
Letter C was bright orange c wow, loved it very much c vety and tan c s. She also loved with her ponytail c cling to adjacent vowels.
She had c spruce in life - to please the young and slender G. Seeing him in the next word, she just c epenela.
My C ezar! she whispered, and G didn't pay any attention to her, and never stood next to her.
Hearing that the letters W and F refused to stand next to the letter S, the letter C said:
I don't like letters either. S and in words CYRK, CYLINDR, TSYNOVKA I will only stand
with a letter AND!
Mum sch poked her ponytail on the back of the head:
- SCH ace! You first grow up, and then set your requirements! And voob sch uh, you can't be like that sch epileptic. Must be sch edree, be friends with all the letters: you never know what words you have to stand next to!
What do I do now c fuck with her? - resented C. - Here is my aunt - the letter W- managed to insist on her own, and why am I worse than her? I may be at all c healing!..
What's special about you? - sch mother rolled her eyes. - as thin as sch epka! You only sch the Egyptians
work!
And you want me to c How was your ellulitis? - the letter snapped at the mother C, and c reluctantly continued to insist on her own.
On the general meeting letters of the ABC everyone had to discuss this issue and, in the end, they decided to give in a little to the letter C. I had to adopt a new rule:
At the beginning of a word, after the letter C, always write the letter I, except for a few words that need to be remembered, and at the end of the word, after the letter C, the letter Y is always written.
So, if you want to be considered a literate person, you need to write CI RK, CI LINDR and CI FRA but SHIP TSY and CORI TSY.
And from the words that you need to remember, they made a funny phrase:
"TSYgan came on TSY kidney, said TSY film: TSYc ! »
Each letter has its own character, its own habits, its own friends... The letter SCH was a bosom girlfriend - letter Ch. Among friends, as a rule, one is the ringleader, and the second obeys him or tries to imitate. It was the same with letters. H and SCH: at H was over a strong character, so she commanded the letter SCH, which was softer but wanted to look fashionable and
to be respected among other letters, although she was not very successful in this. A letter H and in the ABC she tried to establish her own rules. She didn't like letters I and YU, didn't want to
words, they stood after her, and, looking at her, and the letter SCH began to demand that only BUT or At. And so the rule was born:
syllables CA and CA always spelled with a letter BUT.
syllables Chu and Schu always spelled with a letter U.
Letter H was very h sensitive, and she n liked two at once to avalera: to racial and to ultra to avaler letter To and n and n a little n earthly - N. Standing next to them in some word, letter h h felt like this n tenderness, to softness and softness to categorically refused the soft sign softening their union.
- H am so good together, she said, h then anyone who sees us will feel n ashu softness, n tenderness and love.
poor letter SCH always looked with envy at her close neighbor and with sch aching pain in
my heart thought that someone had two gentlemen, and someone all his life becomes with random letters. She even once asked for a letter H make her sch a generous gift: give any of the two gentlemen. h h sincerely confessed, h then she can’t burn h eat any of h good friends.
- H then for h awesome offer! - h she exclaimed, fluttering her eyelashes. - H then you offer me?
Letter SCH understood all sch the stinginess of this situation, but she so wanted to snuggle her back against n on the back of a friend, without leaving any sch Christmas trees for other letters.
Oh please! - affectionately sch the letter vanished SCH.- And then I'll start you sch eep!
Well, I don’t know ... - the letter hesitated Ch. - To I to love hard, n oh and H such n steady, n a little even n breathtaking… Well, if you want, get up next to him.
SCH happy immediately sch fucked and happily snuggled up to n a little n perplexed N. She is
immediately announced to all the letters that she had H- love, and asks for extraneous letters, including a soft sign, n to interfere with them.
And now all the writers had to remember that in combinations CHK, CHN, LF, SC and NS in words such as "before chk a", "whether ch th", "bli LF uk" "kame" nsch ik", "help schn ik "although a soft sign is heard, but writing it not necessary!
Nothing wanted the letter SCH get behind your girlfriend H, tried to imitate her in everything, therefore, having learned that the letter H often in the suffix - chik , letter SCH began to ask her sometimes to replace her. Letter H thought for a bit and decided:
Okay, I'll stand after the letter D because I like him - he is kind. Then after the letter T- because he is the nephew of the letter D. More after the letters W and With- because you can’t make out when one of them is in the word, because the letter W constantly asking for trouble-free With replace it in different words. Well, and perhaps after the letter F, because it is better not to mess with her ... Well, in other cases, so be it, you become. After all, we are friends! I don't feel sorry for you!
So all writers have to remember one more spelling rule:
in suffixes - chik - and - chik - nouns
-h ik - written after D, T, W, S, F:
eg: translation DC ik, re ZCH ik, interrupt ZhCh ik.
-sch ik - after all other consonants: kame NSC ik, pi LSCH ik.
It turns out that the rules of grammar in Russian depend on the nature of the letters and their mood.
Zh, Sh, Ch, U - hissing consonants.Zh, Sh - solid consonants.
H, W - soft consonant sounds.
ZhI - SHI - write with the letter I.
CHA - SCHA
And on the river reeds
Past the field, past the rye
There were prickly hedgehogs.
ma ka
n wounds
lan ru
d 
a ly
shi shi
well 
and
PEARS
Ruffs
BABY REEDS
huts
SILENCE
CONES
lilies of the valley
FRAGRANT
THE CAR
OVERCOAT
MEN
CHIZHI
UZHI
LIVE
BE FRIENDS
CIRCLE
SWIFTS
LIVE
SKIS
SNOWFLAKE
PREPOSITIONS- IN, ON, IN, WITH, FROM, OVER, UNDER, ON, TO, FROM, WITHOUT, K, Y, O, ABOUT, ABOUT, FOR.
Selective dictation.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it
Drowsing upside down.
Selective dictation.
Write out words with a combination of zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it
Clouds float in the lake
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Drowsing upside down.
Selective dictation.
Write out words with a combination of zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it
Clouds float in the lake
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Drowsing upside down.
Selective dictation.
Write out words with a combination of zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it
Clouds float in the lake
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Drowsing upside down.
Selective dictation.
Write out words with a combination of zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it
Clouds float in the lake
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Drowsing upside down.
Selective dictation.
Write out words with a combination of zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it
Clouds float in the lake
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Drowsing upside down.
Selective dictation.
Write out words with a combination of zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it
Clouds float in the lake
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Drowsing upside down.
Selective dictation.
Write out words with a combination of zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it
Clouds float in the lake
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Drowsing upside down.
suggestions.
cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.
suggestions.
cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.
We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .
1. Compose and write from words
suggestions.
cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.
We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .
1. Compose and write from words
suggestions.
cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.
We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .
1. Compose and write from words
suggestions.
cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.
We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .
1. Compose and write from words
suggestions.
cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.
We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .
1. Compose and write from words
suggestions.
cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.
We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write , correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.
1. Compose and write from words
suggestions.
cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.
We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.
Selective dictation.
Selective dictation.
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
What words are hidden here?
BEYVORO
VAKORO
COYABLO
DYYAGO
CASORO
CASOBA
KOMOLO
TAKAPUS
TALOPA
She invited eight seagulls: She brushed the bottom with a brush,
Selective dictation.
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write out only words with combinations cha - scha, chu - shu.
The seagull warmed up the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She brushed the bottom with a brush,
Come all for tea! Shchi cooked for guests,
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write out only words with combinations cha - scha, chu - shu.
The seagull warmed up the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She brushed the bottom with a brush,
Come all for tea! Shchi cooked for guests,
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write out only words with combinations cha - scha, chu - shu.
The seagull warmed up the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She brushed the bottom with a brush,
Come all for tea! Shchi cooked for guests,
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write out only words with combinations cha - scha, chu - shu.
The seagull warmed up the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She brushed the bottom with a brush,
Come all for tea! Shchi cooked for guests,
LE ZHOI
P O D N O S
C O V O R O D A
POT
MUG
B L Y D C E
This article is about what are hissing sounds in the alphabet. About how they are pronounced correctly, about their origin.
There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet. We see letters, but we pronounce and hear sounds. There are 10 vowels, 21 consonants, and the letters b and b have no sounds. But the consonants Zh Sh Ch Shch have a hissing sound and are hissing letters. Ever since elementary school, I remember well the rule about hissing: "zhi-shi" write with "i", "cha-cha" write with "a", "chu-shu" write with "y", it is also useful to remember and know, but This is a topic for another question.)
The hissing sound in the Russian alphabet is given by four consonants: Zh, Sh, Ch, Shch. The letters Zh and Ch are voiced consonants, the other two letters Sh and Shch are deaf. When pronouncing these letters, the lips behave in exactly the same way - they tighten and slightly stretch forward. It will not be possible to pronounce these sounds with closed lips (compare, for example, with the pronunciation of the letter "M" - it can also be "spoken" with closed lips). At the same time, the tip of the tongue is slightly pressed against the palate, leaving a small space in the center of the tongue. It is through this space (or gap) that the air passes, which forms a hissing sound from the pronunciation of these letters. The air is exhaled. When you pronounce the sound "zhzhzhzhzh", the vocal cords are turned on, so this sound is louder.
Pinching consonants - consonants [w], [zh |, [""], as well as [w "] [zh"], so called by the acoustic impression they produce. ], [zh"], [V] were originally soft: they arose as a result of the first palatalization (see) or as a result of a change in combinations of consonants with /: "chj," sj>$", * gj, "zj, "dj >z\ "kj", "tj>c" . The primordial softness \w "], [w"], [h" \ determined that in the written monuments the letters denoting these consonants were used with the subsequent vowels b, and, as well as l (ed) and y: mouse, husband , sLch; nessshi, you run, clean; didn’t go, zhlti, hour; I write, kozhuh, comfort. that the consonants [and / "], [zh"], [h"] did not have a solid pair and there was no need to differentiate the spelling of vowels after them.
Learning letters
In the history of Russian the language [shg] and [g "] were hardened, and [h" \ was preserved as a soft consonant; hardening Sh. refers to the 14th century: during this period, the writings w and w appear in the monuments, followed by the letter y: live, de-rzhyt, Shyshkina (Dmitry Donskoy's Spiritual Letter, 1389). Modern orthography retains the traditional spellings of letters and and ъ (at the end
nouns wives. gender and some forms of verbs) after w and w: sew, fat, mouse, rye, carry, do not disturb.
Modern long sh. [YG] and [zh "] arose from
Old Russian combinations [w"t"w"], [zh"d"zh"] (ascending to the combinations respectively "stj," skj, *sk and "zdj, *zgj. "zg) as a result of the loss of the explosive element in these combinations in such words as looking for - [ish "t" w "y]> > [ish" y], bream - [l "ssh" t "w" in]> [l "esh" a], yeast - [dr6zh"d"zh"and\>\dr6zh"and], rain -
\d6zh"d"zh"ik]>[d6Ж"ik]. They retain softness in many Russian. dialects and in Staromosk. pronunciation, which formed the basis of the oral form lit. language (see Moscow pronunciation); in other dialects they were hardened, and
sometimes saved as [shh"), [zhdzh"] or [pcs"], [zhd"]. In modern Russian lit. language, there is a tendency to pronounce a solid [zh \: hedgehog], [vbzhy], [v "iZhat"] or a combination of [zhd"]