The death of Mayakovsky: the tragic ending of the poet. Brief biography of Mayakovsky

Mayakovsky V.V. - biography Mayakovsky V.V. - biography

Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893 - 1930)
Mayakovsky V.V.
Biography
Born on July 19 (old style - July 7) 1893 in the village of Baghdadi near Kutaissi (Georgia), in the family of a forester. In 1901 - 1906 he studied at the classical gymnasium in Kutaissi. In 1906, after the death of his father, Mayakovsky moved to Moscow with his mother and sisters. He studied at the fifth gymnasium, in 1908 - in the preparatory class of the Stroganov School, in 1911 - 1914 - in the figure class of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, from which he was expelled for participating in scandalous performances of the Futurists. In 1908 he joined the RSDLP (b), took up propaganda, worked in an illegal printing house, and was arrested three times. In 1909 he spent 11 months in Butyrka prison, later calling this time the beginning of his poetic activity. On November 17, 1912, he gave his first public reading of poetry at the St. Petersburg café-cabaret "Stray Dog". The first publication of poems took place in 1912, in the futuristic collection “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.” About 30 poems were published in 1912 - 1913. In December 1913, the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky” was staged at the Luna Park Theater in St. Petersburg, where he acted as director and leading actor. In 1913, his first film work took place - the script for the film “The Pursuit of Glory.” In 1912 - 1913 in St. Petersburg he met Blok and V. Khlebnikov, in 1914 - with Gorky Maxim, in 1915 - with I. E. Repin, with K. I. Chukovsky. From 1915 to March 1919 he lived in Petrograd. From October 1915 to October 1917 he spent military service as a draftsman at the Petrograd Automobile School. After the October Revolution, he worked in the People's Commissariat for Education. In November 1918, in the hall of the Musical Drama Theater (now Big hall Conservatory) Mayakovsky's play "Mystery Bouffe" was staged (directors V.E. Meyerhold and Mayakovsky, artist K.S. Malevich). In 1919, the first collection of works, “Everything Composed by Vladimir Mayakovsky,” was published.
In March 1919 he moved to Moscow, where he worked at Okna ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency) - he drew posters with poetic texts of a propaganda nature (about 1,100 "windows" were created in 3 years), and was engaged in industrial and book graphics. He made many trips to the USA (for 3 months in 1925), Germany, France, and Cuba. Mayakovsky headed the literary group LEF (Left Front of the Arts), and later REF (Revolutionary Front of the Arts); in 1923 - 1925 he edited the magazine "LEF", and in 1927 - 1928 - "New LEF". Having come to the conclusion that closed groups prevented normal creative communication between Soviet writers, in February 1930 he joined RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers), which caused condemnation from his friends. Alienation and public persecution were aggravated by a personal drama: they persistently refused to allow him to travel abroad, where he was supposed to meet the woman with whom the poet intended to connect his life. Since April 1926, Mayakovsky lived mainly in Moscow, in Gendrikov Lane (since 1935 - Mayakovsky Lane; since 1937 the Mayakovsky Library-Museum has been located in the house), 15/13, together with the Brik spouses. A.V. was here. Lunacharsky, V.E. Meyerhold, S.M. Eisenstein, M.E. Koltsov, I.E. Babel, V.B. Shklovsky. On April 14, 1930, Vladimir Mayakovsky died by committing suicide. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery.
During a trip to the USA, Mayakovsky entered into a relationship with an American woman, Ellie Jones, with whom he had a daughter, Patricia, who became a famous feminist, a specialist in philosophy, sociology and family economics, the author of 15 books (including the book "Mayakovsky in Manhattan" (Mayakovsky in Manhattan) and a teacher at New York's Lehman College. Ph.D. Patricia Thompson, who claims to have inherited her father's rebellious character, considers herself "Mayakovsky in a skirt" and has been coming to Russia periodically since the 1990s.
According to the All-Union Book Chamber, as of January 1, 1973, the total circulation of V. Mayakovsky’s books was 74 million 525 thousand; his works were translated into 56 languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR and into 42 foreign languages.
Works by Mayakovsky the artist: portrait sketches, sketches of popular prints, theatrical works, posters, book graphics.
Works in cinema: scripts for the films "The Pursuit of Glory" (1913), "The Young Lady and the Hooligan" (based on the work "The Workers' Teacher" by E. D'Amicis, 1918, starring in the title role), "Not Born for Money" (based on "Martin Eden" J. London, 1918, starred), "Chained by Film" (1918, starred), "To the Front" (1920, propaganda film), "Children" ("Three", 1928), "Dekabryukhov and Oktyabryukhov "(1928), "The Elephant and the Match" (1926 - 1927, was not staged), "The Heart of Cinema" (1926 - 1927, was not staged), "Lyubov Shkafolyubova" (1926 - 1927, was not staged), "How how are you?" (1926 - 1927, was not staged), "The Story of One Revolver" (1926 - 1927, was not staged), "Comrade Kopytko" (1926 - 1927, was not staged; certain moments were used in the play "Bathhouse"), " Forget about the fireplace" (1926 - 1927, was not staged; the script was reworked into the comedy "The Bedbug").
Literary works: poems, poems, feuilletons, journalistic articles, plays: “Vladimir Mayakovsky” (1913, tragedy), “State Shrapnel” (November 1914, article), “War Declared” (July 1914), “Mother and the Evening Killed by the Germans” (November 1914), "Cloud in Pants" (1915 lyric poem), "The Spine Flute" (1916, poem), "War and Peace" (1916, separate edition - 1917, poem), "Man" (1916 - 1917, published - 1918, poem), "Mystery Bouffe" ( 1918, 2nd version - 1921, play), "Left March" (1918), " Good attitude to the horses" (1918), "150,000,000" (1919 - 1920, 1st edition without the author's name, 1921, poem), "The Sat" (1922), "I Love" (1922), "About This" (1923 ), "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1924, poem), "Paris" (1924 - 1925, cycle of poems), "Poems about America" ​​(1925 - 1926, cycle of poems), "To Comrade Nette, the Steamship and the Man" (1926) , “To Sergei Yesenin” (1926), “Good!” (1927, poem), “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva” (1928), “Pompadour” (1928), “The Bedbug” (1928, staged in 1929, play), “Conversation with Comrade Lenin" (1929), "Poems about the Soviet Passport" (1929), "Bathhouse" (1929, staged in 1930, play), "At the top of my voice" (1930, poem), poems for children, "I myself" (autobiographical story).
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Information sources:
Encyclopedic resource www.rubricon.com (Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Encyclopedic Directory "St. Petersburg", Encyclopedia "Moscow", Encyclopedia of Russian-American Relations, encyclopedic Dictionary"Movie")
Project "Russia Congratulates!" - www.prazdniki.ru

(Source: “Aphorisms from around the world. Encyclopedia of wisdom.” www.foxdesign.ru)

Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms. Academician 2011.

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Russian poet. In pre-revolutionary works, the confession of a poet, forced to the point of screaming, perceives reality as an apocalypse (tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky", 1913, poems "Cloud in Pants", 1915, "Spine Flute", 1916, "War and Peace", 1917). After 1917, the creation of the myth of the socialist world order (the play "Mystery-Bouffe", 1918, the poems "150,000,000", 1921, "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", 1924, "Good!", 1927) and the tragically growing sense of its depravity (from verse "The Sat", 1922, before the play "Bath", 1929). In the poem "At the top of my voice" (1930), there is an affirmation of the sincerity of his path and the hope of being understood in the "communist distance." Reformer of poetic language, rendered big influence on poetry of the 20th century. Committed suicide.

Biography

Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893-1930), poet.

Born on July 7 (19 NS) in the village of Baghdadi, near Kutaisi, in the family of a forester, a man of progressive views, humane and generous. He studied at the Kutaisi gymnasium (1902 06). It was then that I read revolutionary poems and proclamations for the first time. “Poems and revolution somehow came together in my head,” the poet later wrote.

In the turbulent year of 1905, a twelve-year-old high school student took part in demonstrations and a high school strike.

In 1906, after the sudden death of his father, the family moved to Moscow, where Mayakovsky continued his education. However, he soon took up serious revolutionary work and was arrested three times (in 1909 he was imprisoned in Butyrka prison). Released from prison due to his minority in 1910, he decided to devote himself to art, entered the studio of the artist P. Kelin to prepare for exams at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where he began studying in 1911. Here he met D. Burdyuk, the organizer of a group of Russians futurists. In 1912 he began publishing his poems, becoming a professional poet. Published in futuristic almanacs. For participation in public speaking was expelled from the school in 1914.

In the same year, he travels with a group of futurists to seventeen cities of RUSSIA, promoting new art among the masses. However, in his work Mayakovsky was already independent and original in these years. In 1915 he created his best pre-revolutionary poem, “A Cloud in Pants,” about the belief in the inevitability of an imminent revolution, which he expected as a solution to the country’s most important problems and the determination of personal destiny. The poet even tries to predict the timing of her arrival (“In crown of thorns revolutions // The sixteenth year is coming").

The poems of 1916, which formed a special cycle, sound gloomy and hopeless ("Fed up", "Sale", "Gloom", "Russia", etc.).

Gorky invited Mayakovsky to collaborate in the journal "Chronicle" and the newspaper " New life“, helped in the publication of the second collection of poems, “Simple as a Moo.” During these years, Mayakovsky created the poems “War and Peace” and “Man,” which seem to present an anti-war panorama.

He called the October Revolution “My Revolution” and was one of the first cultural and artistic figures who responded to the call of the Soviet government to cooperate with it; participated in the first meetings and gatherings of cultural representatives. At this time he published “Our March”, “Ode to the Revolution”, “Left March”. The play "Mystery-bouffe" was written and staged. During 1919 he worked on the poem "150,000 LLC".

In October 1919 he produced the first posters in "Windows of ROSTA", which marked the beginning of his work as an artist and poet (until 1921).

In 1922 1924 he made his first trips abroad (Riga, Berlin, Paris, etc.), the impressions of which he described in essays and poems.

In 1925, he went on his longest trip overseas: he visited Havana, Mexico City, and for three months performed in various cities in the United States, reading poetry and reports. Later, poems were written (the collection “Spain. Ocean. Havana. Mexico. America.”) and the essay “My Discovery of America.”

Travels around his native country were of great importance in the poet’s life. In 1927 alone, he performed in 40 cities besides Moscow and Leningrad. In 1927 the poem “Good!” appeared.

Drama plays an important place in his work. He created the satirical plays “The Bedbug” (1928) and “Bathhouse” (1929). In February, Mayakovsky joined RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers), for which many of his literary comrades broke ties with him. On the same days, the exhibition “20 Years of Mayakovsky’s Work” opened, which was not successful due to the deliberate isolation of the poet. His personal life also remained difficult and unsettled. Mayakovsky's health and mood in the spring of 1930 deteriorated sharply.

The brilliant works of Vladimir Mayakovsky evoke true admiration among millions of his admirers. He deservedly ranks among the greatest futurist poets of the 20th century. In addition, Mayakovsky proved himself to be an extraordinary playwright, satirist, film director, screenwriter, artist, and editor of several magazines. His life, multifaceted creativity, as well as personal relationships full of love and experiences remain an incompletely solved mystery today.

The talented poet was born in the small Georgian village of Bagdati ( Russian empire). His mother Alexandra Alekseevna belonged to a Cossack family from Kuban, and his father Vladimir Konstantinovich worked as a simple forester. Vladimir had two brothers - Kostya and Sasha, who died in childhood, as well as two sisters - Olya and Lyuda.

Mayakovsky knew the Georgian language very well and from 1902 he studied at the Kutaisi gymnasium. Already in his youth he was captivated by revolutionary ideas, and while studying at the gymnasium, he participated in a revolutionary demonstration.

In 1906, his father died suddenly. The cause of death was blood poisoning, which occurred as a result of a finger prick with an ordinary needle. This event shocked Mayakovsky so much that in the future he completely avoided hairpins and pins, fearing the fate of his father.

In the same 1906, Alexandra Alekseevna and her children moved to Moscow. Vladimir continued his studies at the fifth classical gymnasium, where he attended classes with the poet’s brother, Alexander. However, with the death of his father, the family's financial situation worsened significantly. As a result, in 1908, Vladimir was unable to pay for his education, and he was expelled from the fifth grade of the gymnasium.

Creation

In Moscow, a young guy began to communicate with students who were keen on revolutionary ideas. In 1908, Mayakovsky decided to become a member of the RSDLP and often propagandized among the population. During 1908-1909, Vladimir was arrested three times, but due to his minority and lack of evidence, he was forced to be released.

During the investigations, Mayakovsky could not calmly stay within four walls. Through constant scandals he was often transferred to different places conclusions. As a result, he ended up in Butyrka prison, where he spent eleven months and began writing poetry.

In 1910, the young poet was released from prison and immediately left the party. The following year, the artist Evgenia Lang, with whom Vladimir was on friendly terms, recommended that he take up painting. While studying at the school of painting, sculpture and architecture, he met the founders of the futurist group “Gilea” and joined the Cubo-Futurists.

Mayakovsky's first work to be published was the poem “Night” (1912). At the same time, the young poet made his first public appearance in the artistic basement, which was called “Stray Dog.”

Vladimir, together with members of the Cubo-Futurist group, participated in a tour of Russia, where he gave lectures and his poems. Soon they appeared positive reviews about Mayakovsky, but he was often considered outside the futurists. believed that among the futurists Mayakovsky was the only real poet.

The young poet’s first collection, “I,” was published in 1913 and consisted of only four poems. This year also marks the writing of the rebellious poem “Here!”, in which the author challenges the entire bourgeois society. The following year, Vladimir created a touching poem “Listen,” which amazed readers with its colorfulness and sensitivity.

Attracted genius poet and dramaturgy. The year 1914 was marked by the creation of the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky”, presented to the public on the stage of the St. Petersburg Luna Park Theater. At the same time, Vladimir acted as its director, as well as the leading actor. The main motive of the work was the rebellion of things, which connected the tragedy with the work of the futurists.

In 1914, the young poet firmly decided to voluntarily enlist in the army, but his political unreliability frightened the authorities. He did not get to the front and, in response to neglect, wrote the poem “To You,” in which he gave his assessment of the tsarist army. In addition, Mayakovsky’s brilliant works soon appeared - “A Cloud in Pants” and “War Has Been Declared”.

The following year, a fateful meeting between Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky and the Brik family took place. From now on, his life was a single whole with Lilya and Osip. From 1915 to 1917, thanks to the patronage of M. Gorky, the poet served in an automobile school. And although he, being a soldier, did not have the right to publish, Osip Brik came to his aid. He acquired two of Vladimir's poems and soon published them.

At the same time, Mayakovsky plunged into the world of satire and in 1915 published the cycle of works “Hymns” in the “New Satyricon”. Soon two large collections of works appeared - “Simple as a Moo” (1916) and “Revolution. Poetochronika" (1917).

October Revolution great poet met at the headquarters of the uprising in Smolny. He immediately began collaborating with new government and participated in the first meetings of cultural figures. Let us note that Mayakovsky led a detachment of soldiers who arrested General P. Sekretev, who ran the automobile school, although he had previously received the medal “For Diligence” from his hands.

The years 1917-1918 were marked by the release of several works by Mayakovsky dedicated to revolutionary events (for example, “Ode to the Revolution”, “Our March”). On the first anniversary of the revolution, the play “Mystery-bouffe” was presented.

Mayakovsky was also interested in filmmaking. In 1919, three films were released, in which Vladimir acted as an actor, screenwriter and director. At the same time, the poet began collaborating with ROSTA and worked on propaganda and satirical posters. At the same time, Mayakovsky worked for the newspaper “Art of the Commune”.

In addition, in 1918, the poet created the Komfut group, the direction of which can be described as communist futurism. But already in 1923, Vladimir organized another group - the “Left Front of the Arts”, as well as the corresponding magazine “LEF”.

At this time, several bright and memorable works of the brilliant poet were created: “About This” (1923), “Sevastopol - Yalta” (1924), “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924). Let us emphasize that during the reading of the last poem at the Bolshoi Theater, I myself was present. Mayakovsky's speech was followed by a standing ovation that lasted 20 minutes. In general, it is precisely the years civil war turned out to be for Vladimir best time, which he mentioned in the poem “Good!” (1927).

No less important and eventful was the period of frequent travel for Mayakovsky. During 1922-1924 he visited France, Latvia and Germany, to which he dedicated several works. In 1925, Vladimir went to America, visiting Mexico City, Havana and many US cities.

The beginning of the 20s was marked by heated controversy between Vladimir Mayakovsky and. The latter at that time joined the Imagists - irreconcilable opponents of the Futurists. In addition, Mayakovsky was a poet of the revolution and the city, and Yesenin extolled the countryside in his work.

However, Vladimir could not help but recognize the unconditional talent of his opponent, although he criticized him for his conservatism and addiction to alcohol. In a sense, they were kindred spirits - hot-tempered, vulnerable, in constant search and despair. They were even united by the theme of suicide, which was present in the work of both poets.

During 1926-1927, Mayakovsky created 9 film scripts. In addition, in 1927, the poet resumed the activities of the LEF magazine. But a year later he left the magazine and the corresponding organization, completely disillusioned with them. In 1929, Vladimir founded the REF group, but the following year he left it and became a member of RAPP.

At the end of the 20s, Mayakovsky again turned to drama. He is preparing two plays: “The Bedbug” (1928) and “Bathhouse” (1929), intended specifically for Meyerhold’s theater stage. They thoughtfully combine a satirical presentation of the reality of the 20s with a look into the future.

Meyerhold compared Mayakovsky's talent with the genius of Moliere, but critics greeted his new works with devastating comments. In “The Bedbug” they found only artistic shortcomings, but even accusations of an ideological nature were brought against “Bath”. Many newspapers carried extremely offensive articles, and some of them had the headlines “Down with Mayakovism!”

The fateful year of 1930 began for the greatest poet with numerous accusations from his colleagues. Mayakovsky was told that he was not a true “proletarian writer”, but only a “fellow traveler”. But, despite the criticism, in the spring of that year Vladimir decided to take stock of his activities, for which he organized an exhibition called “20 years of work.”

The exhibition reflected all of Mayakovsky's many-sided achievements, but brought complete disappointment. Neither the poet’s former colleagues at LEF nor the top party leadership visited her. It was a cruel blow, after which a deep wound remained in the poet’s soul.

Death

In 1930, Vladimir was sick a lot and was even afraid of losing his voice, which would put an end to his performances on stage. The poet's personal life turned into an unsuccessful struggle for happiness. He was very lonely, because the Briks, his constant support and consolation, had gone abroad.

Attacks from all sides fell on Mayakovsky with a heavy moral burden, and the poet’s vulnerable soul could not stand it. On April 14, Vladimir Mayakovsky shot himself in the chest, which became the cause of his death.

After Mayakovsky's death, his works came under an unspoken ban and were almost never published. In 1936, Lilya Brik wrote a letter to I. Stalin himself asking for help in preserving the memory of the great poet. In his resolution, Stalin highly appreciated the achievements of the deceased and gave permission for the publication of Mayakovsky's works and the creation of a museum.

Personal life

The love of Mayakovsky's life was Lilya Brik, whom he met in 1915. At that time, the young poet was dating her sister, Elsa Triolet, and one day the girl brought Vladimir to the Briks’ apartment. There Mayakovsky first read the poem “A Cloud in Pants”, and then solemnly dedicated it to Lila. It is not surprising, but the prototype of the heroine of this poem was the sculptor Maria Denisova, with whom the poet fell in love in 1914.

Soon, a romance broke out between Vladimir and Lilya, while Osip Brik turned a blind eye to his wife’s passion. Lilya became Mayakovsky's muse; it was to her that he dedicated almost all his poems about love. He expressed the boundless depth of his feelings for Brik in the following works: “Flute-Spine”, “Man”, “To Everything”, “Lilichka!” and etc.

The lovers participated together in the filming of the film “Chained by Film” (1918). Moreover, since 1918, Briki and the great poet began to live together, which fit well into the marriage and love concept that existed at that time. They changed their place of residence several times, but each time they settled together. Often Mayakovsky even supported the Brik family, and from all his trips abroad he always brought luxurious gifts to Lila (for example, a Renault car).

Despite the poet’s boundless affection for Lilichka, there were other lovers in his life, who even bore him children. In 1920, Mayakovsky had a close relationship with the artist Lilya Lavinskaya, who gave him a son, Gleb-Nikita (1921-1986).

The year 1926 was marked by another fateful meeting. Vladimir met Ellie Jones, an emigrant from Russia, who gave birth to his daughter Elena-Patricia (1926-2016). The poet also had fleeting relationships with Sofia Shamardina and Natalya Bryukhanenko.

In addition, in Paris, the outstanding poet met with emigrant Tatyana Yakovleva. The feelings that flared up between them gradually grew stronger and promised to turn into something serious and lasting. Mayakovsky wanted Yakovleva to come to Moscow, but she refused. Then, in 1929, Vladimir decided to go to Tatyana, but problems with obtaining a visa became an insurmountable obstacle for him.

Vladimir Mayakovsky's last love was the young and married actress Veronica Polonskaya. The poet demanded that the 21-year-old girl leave her husband, but Veronica did not dare to make such serious changes in life, because 36-year-old Mayakovsky seemed contradictory, impulsive and fickle to her.

Difficulties in his relationship with his young lover pushed Mayakovsky to take a fatal step. She was the last person Vladimir saw before his death and tearfully asked her not to go to the planned rehearsal. Before the door could close behind the girl, the fatal shot sounded. Polonskaya did not dare to come to the funeral, because the poet’s relatives considered her to be the culprit in the death of a loved one.

Date of birth: July 19, 1893
Date of death: April 14, 1930
Place of birth: Baghdati, Kutaisi province, Georgia

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky- popular Soviet poet, Mayakovsky V.V.- playwright, director, journalist and artist was born in Baghdadi (Kutaisi province) on July 19, 1893. His father, Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky, was an ordinary forester, and his mother came from a poor Kuban family of Cossacks. She moved to Kutaisi province with her family.

In 1902, Mayakovsky began his studies at the Kutaisi gymnasium, he managed to complete four classes, after which his father died and in 1906 the whole family moved to Moscow. Here Mayakovsky continued to study at the classical gymnasium, he was unable to finish it; due to lack of money, the family could not pay for his education. Perhaps this event was one of the reasons for Mayakovsky’s revolutionary ideas. After being expelled from the gymnasium, he met rebel students and then joined the RSDLP.

He was an activist in the Marxist movement and in 1908 he was first arrested. Over the next year, he went to prison 2 more times. He was mainly accused of having connections with anarchists, working in underground printing houses, and he was also accused of organizing the escape of political prisoners from the Novinsk women's prison.

Each time he was released due to lack of evidence and his age. In total, he served 11 months during this period.

In prison he began to study literature. It was in the dungeons that he wrote his very first uncertain poems, which he later considered very bad. However, his notebook with handwritten notes has survived, which contains his first poems written in prison. In 1910, after his release, he took up painting.

He entered Moscow school painting, sculpture and architecture. Two years after admission, he began to publish his poems in various almanacs. Due to the revolutionary and provocative nature of his poems, he was again expelled from the school, but he had already become infected with the ideas of futurism. Together with a group of associates, he went on a trip to Russia to promote the ideas of futurism. At this moment, his work already becomes completely independent and original.

Mayakovsky protested against Russia's participation in the First World War. In his work, he tries to draw public attention to how senseless and cruel any war is. In 1915, the play “A Cloud in Pants” became available to the public. This play predicted an imminent revolution, which was destined to cleanse society.

It was this work that became key in the development of the writer Mayakovsky, who became convinced of the need for an immediate revolution. He, of course, greeted the October Revolution with delight. New policy state becomes for him one of the most important lines in creativity. He stands for communist ideals, sometimes too zealously.

Even Lenin did not always speak with joy about Mayakovsky’s work; he criticized his poem “150,000,000,” which seemed to him too “futuristic.” To be fair, it is worth noting that the leader of the revolution was generally somewhat skeptical about futurism.

Mayakovsky actively works not only as a writer, but also as an artist. In 1919 he began working on the series propaganda posters. Over the course of 3 years, he managed to draw 1,100 different posters, which were distinguished not only by their catchy colors, but also by the brevity of their plots. Mayakovsky positioned himself as a “working poet” for whom the brush is a tool.

Since 1920, he began working on works promoting the world revolution. Now his futurism becomes more individual, he joins LEF along with Pasternak, Tretyakov and Aseev. His work is recognized not only in his homeland. During an exhibition in Paris, his posters and advertisements for Rezinotrest, Mosselprom and other enterprises were highly appreciated, he received a silver medal and a diploma.

In 1923, his style of versification was formed with a characteristic ladder, which he used to simplify the perception of the poem, believing that punctuation alone was not enough.

During this period he actively works in the most different areas, writes poems for children, propaganda and propaganda poems, draws posters, and also acts as a correspondent for several Soviet newspapers. His travels to Europe were used to accumulate information and then use it to create poems about the bourgeoisie.

He also performed on stage, reading his poems to ordinary people; he perfectly understood that the common listener also needed entertainment and skillfully used conversational techniques to work with the audience, read notes from the audience, improvised a lot and joked.

Closer to the 30s, he works in the genre of drama. He wrote his best plays during this period. These were "Bedbug" and "Bath". Satire on modern life became interesting for all viewers. In these plays he used familiar artistic techniques: resurrection, time travel. “Bedbug” was somewhat in opposition to the authorities, and they began to criticize him. During this period, a decline in his creativity began, not due to a lack of ideas or poor performance.

The anger of the ruling party caused many of his colleagues to turn away from him, and he failed to attract public attention to his retrospective exhibition "20 years of work." Then the performance of the play “Bathhouse” failed and was criticized by critics, he began to have problems in his personal life, he was seriously ill. Probably, all these misfortunes that befell him at one moment became an unbearable burden for him. He committed suicide on April 14, 1930.

The persecution of Mayakovsky did not end there. After his death, censorship puts a ban on all creativity. For six years, they tried to hide his legacy, but after Lily Brik’s petition, Stalin personally lifted this ban. Posthumously he received even greater recognition. Mayakovsky was a leading artist, avant-garde artist and bearer of the ideas of futurism; he was not only one of the best masters of his time in terms of implementing his ideas in creativity, he was also the most successful in terms of promoting these ideas into society.

He became a beacon of freedom and a desire for experimentation in creativity for many artists and writers of the USSR. He was a messenger of the revolution who was recognized internationally in Japan, Germany, England and other countries.

Important milestones in the life of Vladimir Mayakovsky:

Born in Baghdadi in 1893
- Entered the Kutaisi gymnasium in 1902
- Moved to Moscow after the death of his father and entered the gymnasium in 1906
- Joined the RSDLP (b) in 1907
- Was expelled from the gymnasium and arrested for working in an underground printing house in 1908
- Began studying at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1911
- Publication of a collection of poems "I!" and the production of "Vladimir Mayakovsky" at Luna Park in 1913
- Publication of the poems “Man”, “War and Peace”, acquaintance with Sergei Yesenin in 1916
- Meeting Lenin and beginning creative work with Soviet power in 1917
- The play “Mystery-bouffe” and writing the first script for the film “Not Born for Money” in 1918
- Publication of the collection “Everything composed by Vladimir Mayakovsky” in 1919
- Publication of the futuristic poem "150,000,000" in 1921
- Presentation of the poem "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" in 1924
- Travel to the USA, Mexico and Europe in 1925
- Production of “The Bedbug” and the beginning of persecution by the authorities and the press in 1929
- The failure of the play “Bath” and increased pressure from critics and authorities in 1930
- Suicide of the poet April 4, 1930

Interesting facts from the biography of Vladimir Mayakovsky:

Many colleagues considered Mayakovsky’s “ladder” to be a kind of fraud due to the line-by-line principle of payment for poems
- The poet’s father died due to blood poisoning after being pricked with a needle, and therefore Mayakovsky retained a panicky fear of germs throughout his life and constantly washed his hands
- The poet was a very gambler and visited many casinos during his trips to Europe
- There are versions that he committed suicide due to an extremely unsuccessful game of Russian roulette
- He lost his first fee for a collection of poems at billiards.

The famous and beloved futurist poet Vladimir Mayakovsky in Russia was born in the town of Baghdadi, which is located in the Kutaisi province, on July 19, 1893. He is widely known as an excellent playwright, a talented journalist, a wonderful screenwriter and director, and an excellent artist. Creative biography Mayakovsky made him a symbol of his era. Vladimir Vladimirovich is one of the most famous artists Soviet period.

short biography Mayakovsky

The poet comes from a noble family. His father served as a forester in the Transcaucasian Erivan province. In 1902, Vladimir was sent to study at the city gymnasium. However, four years later, the poet’s father suddenly dies. After this tragic event, the family moved to live in Moscow.

In the capital, Mayakovsky, having passed the exams, becomes a student at the fifth classical gymnasium. But already in 1908 he was expelled from educational institution due to non-payment.

Even in the Caucasus, Vladimir takes part in student demonstrations. After he ended up in Moscow, fate brings him together with young people involved in the dissemination of revolutionary ideas. He becomes one of the members of the RSDLP and conducts propaganda work among the workers, for which he is arrested several times.

Mayakovsky's biography indicates that it was this circumstance that influenced the formation of the poet as a revolutionary. During 1908-09, Vladimir Vladimirovich managed to go to jail three times and was released due to lack of evidence. However, he had to remain in custody for eleven months. It was during this time that the first poems that Mayakovsky wrote appeared.

The biography and creativity of Vladimir Vladimirovich are closely interconnected. His stay in prison marked the beginning of his development as a poet.

After being released from prison, Mayakovsky entered a preparatory class where he studied with artists S. Zhukov and P. Kelin. After some time, the young poet’s poems are already published in almanacs. But soon he was expelled from this educational institution for participating in unauthorized futurists.

In 1912, in one of the almanacs of the Gileya group, a manifesto was published under the authorship of V. Mayakovsky and V. Khlebnikov, etc. It stated the importance of creating a new literary language, corresponding to the modern era, not subject to traditional literary canons. The embodiment of these ideas was the production of the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky” in St. Petersburg in 1913, where the author acted as the leading actor and director. At the same time, a collection of poems entitled “I” was published.

During the First World War, he created works exposing the senselessness and cruelty of military operations. One of them is "Cloud in Pants", which predicts the coming revolution.

Mayakovsky's biography indicates an active social activities poet. In 1918, he created the Komfut association, which translated means communist futurism, published in the weekly Art of the Commune.

In 1920, Vladimir Vladimirovich joined the creative association LEF, where he met S. Tretyakov and B. Pasternak and other figures from various fields of art.

In the twenties, Mayakovsky worked simultaneously in several directions. He is a correspondent for a number of Soviet newspapers. In order to promote new values, he writes ditties, poetry and topical satire. During this period, the poems “Good!” were created. and "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin".

The poet often visits foreign countries, where he gets ideas for creating “anti-bourgeois” poems. He travels around the country a lot, reading his stories from the stage. best works. Vladimir Vladimirovich’s speeches, intended for a simple listener, were accompanied by jokes and improvisations.

Mayakovsky's biography indicates that the 30s were a turning point in the poet's life. In addition to failures in his personal life and constant conflict with the outside world, he is in danger of losing his voice. The last straw was the disastrous production of the play “Bathhouse”. These and other factors provoked Mayakovsky to commit suicide.

After the death of the poet, his works fell under the ban, which was lifted by I. Stalin only in 1939, at the request of L. Brik.