Do-it-yourself Kuznetsov's stoves official ordering. Kuznetsov's bell-type furnace: a simple design for building your own hands

The so-called "Kuznetsovka" appeared back in 1962. Igor Kuznetsov, the inventor of these furnaces, has been developing and improving them to this day. Currently, there are about 50 inventions that cover almost the entire range of household stoves. Let's take a closer look at what Kuznetsov's furnaces are. Orders are popular today, so the topic is extremely relevant.

Why is Kuznetsovka better than others?

Consumers are always wondering why it is worth buying this particular product, and not the one that stands nearby. A perfectly legitimate and logical question. We always look at the strengths and weaknesses of products before buying, and only then draw the appropriate conclusions. As for Kuznetsov's furnaces, they are famous for their high efficiency. As a rule, we are talking about figures such as 80% or more. For example, a standard order of 4 kW can heat a house of 100 square meters. At the same time, Western branded fireboxes must have a power of at least 10-12 kW. By the way, orders for Kuznetsovka from the USA, Sweden, Canada and a number of other countries are not uncommon. It is impossible not to mention that Kuznetsov's furnaces (orders) are "omnivorous", that is, low-grade combustible materials, for example, sawdust, can be used as fuel. There is also the possibility of providing domestic hot water. At the same time, performance does not deteriorate.

Foundation - first of all

It was Kuznetsov who first used the automatic distribution of thrust through the channels. This method is good because waste is excluded, so the view can be kept open. The system of such chimneys is distinguished not only by its uniqueness, but also by its simplicity. If furnaces with a complex chimney configuration usually have an efficiency of about 60%, then Kuznetsovka is 80% and higher. In addition, the principle of free passage of gases follows from this. That is why the orders are often compared with The fact is that the energy of gases, unlike a gas view, does not twist into a whirlwind, but immediately impregnates the furnace. Naturally, the generated heat goes either to heat the room, or to hot water, depending on the needs.

Two-bell Kuznetsov furnaces: ordering and its features

The principle of building furnaces, in which it is possible to implement the law of free movement of gases, has been known for a relatively long time. The most common and well-known option is a two-furnace furnace.

The principle of its operation is that air from the environment enters through the blower into the furnace. At the first stage of combustion, when the lightest fuel fractions are burned, the process is somewhat reminiscent of pyrolysis. This mode is the most efficient. But before Kuznetsov, few people enjoyed these advantages. But the orders have such a design that allows them to work in the pyrolysis mode. As a result, pyrolysis gases burn under the dome of the third hood. The process itself is interesting. Its features are that combustion is self-regulating. If the flame is too dispersed, then the draft worsens, and the combustion process slows down, if the heat is not enough, the draft increases, and the combustion process intensifies. Two-bell Kuznetsov furnaces (ordering) have a second dome so that the combustion process is not disturbed. The temperature in the second cap at an efficiency of about 80% reaches 300-400 degrees, and this is quite enough to transfer heat to the coolant.

Multi-bell furnaces

Often the usual one is made multi-stage. Each cascade consists of two caps with a hole at the top. The presence of three cascades allows us to call this furnace a classic order, since there is a free flow of gases here. In almost any mode of the furnace, such equipment has a very high efficiency, reaching 97%. In this case, the fuel used practically does not play a role. It can be fuel oil, coal and anything else.

Usually an even number of hoods achieves 90% efficiency. In this case, much depends on the combustion mode and the fuel used. However, the main disadvantage of this method is that the furnaces are quite difficult to maintain. Often there are problems during the cleaning of caps from carbon deposits. In addition, the first cap (with an even number) is very small, the temperature under it will be about 1500 degrees, as a result of which the metal will not withstand it, and the lining on weight is unreliable.

Well, we have already figured out what Kuznetsov's bell-type furnaces are. The order is often built at home. Let's see how to do it and what to look out for.

Kuznetsova: do-it-yourself ordering

Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the main function of the furnace. Let's look at conventional heating equipment of the simplest design. I would like to note that together with the house it is advisable to immediately build Kuznetsov's furnaces with your own hands. Ordering can also be erected if the building is already standing - this, of course, is undesirable, but possible.

The first step is to prepare the foundation. It should be made of concrete and have a width of 10-15 cm more than the dimensions of the furnace. This is one of the most time-consuming jobs that you will have to perform, so in some cases it makes sense to call a specialist. The foundation should not be connected with the foundation of the house, do not forget about it. Its absence is also unacceptable, since the floors will not withstand the high load. Further, it is extremely important to properly equip the chimney on the roof of the house. To perform these works, it is advisable to use the laughter and advice of professionals. Let's see how Kuznetsov's furnaces are being built. Orders in their simplest design are made quite simply and quickly.

Required material

It is extremely important to choose a quality material, in particular, it must withstand high temperatures. So, for internal masonry, its quantity is determined according to the drawing. Often there are structures made of ordinary bricks, which is done in order to save money. This is acceptable, but the durability of the masonry is reduced. For external masonry, M150 is suitable - clay brick.

You can not do without 100-130 kilograms of clay. It is better to spend a little more money and pay for quality material. In this case, when crimping, the clay will not crack and will serve for quite a long time. Twice as much as clay, you need sand. For approximately 500 bricks, it is necessary to make a mixture of clay and sand in a volume of 0.2 cubic meters.

All that's left is the metal fittings. This includes a valve, steel corners, a grate and two doors. Well, now we will consider how the Kuznetsov order is made.

Laying and checking

If you have already had experience in laying furnaces, then you will not have problems. The only thing you should pay attention to is the quality of the bundle. To improve this characteristic, it is necessary to lay a wire on every 2nd row of bricks. For laying a channel from the first tier, it is better to lay ¼ bricks. This will slightly increase the length of the firebox. In this case, the upper overlap between the tiers is organized on the 17th-18th tier.

At the end of the masonry, it is necessary to wait some time until the mortar hardens. Then you can mount doors and other metal products. Only after that proceed to the first kindling. This step tests how well the oven works. They look at the draft, the tightness of valves, doors, etc. In principle, this is all that can be said about how Kuznetsov's furnaces are laid out. Do-it-yourself orders can have different capacities.

Something else about masonry

Often, Kuznetsov's stoves are made for a bath. The order of such an appointment is very rarely erected with his own hands. This is due to the rather complex design. But it is worthwhile to understand that a well-made sauna stove performs a huge number of tasks. For example, it provides heating for several rooms: a steam room, a dressing room, a washing room. In addition, it prepares steam, provides ventilation and heats water.

Oddly enough, but only one Kuznetsov's sauna stove can cope with all this. Ordering practically does not have any fundamental differences, but manufacturing accuracy is important.

Conclusion

Here we have examined Kuznetsov's two-bell and bell-type furnaces. Do-it-yourself ordering is not as common as we would like. Often such stoves can be seen in cottages and villages. Sometimes they are purely decorative, as they are made in the form of a fireplace.

Nevertheless, such heating equipment should not be ignored. Considering its high efficiency compared to some other higher cost stoves, this is the best solution for a country house. Moreover, you can build such a furnace yourself, and sometimes you even need to. So you can not only effectively heat your home, but also gain precious experience.

This is all that can be told about what they are famous for and how Kuznetsov's furnaces are laid. Orders are good and, no doubt, will be popular for a long time to come.

Traks, any test of the furnace to identify its characteristics, as well as operation, are carried out on wood according to the humidity of certain GOSTs. If you want to heat with raw firewood, it’s your right, but you will be warned about the consequences by the manufacturer and naturally you won’t get the characteristics that were declared, well, you yourself are tormented and ruin the stove.
It is tantamount to pouring 80 in a car, where it is written that gasoline is not lower than 91, and even slathered in the village. Who cares? After all, gasoline.
How long will your car last?
Well, it's a lyric.
And if you heat the firebox to a certain temperature, then the raw ones will go into action, but for this the stove should no longer be heating for the house, but of a completely different design.

Now about your index D/V
Money is a relative concept. For someone and 1000r. expensive.
In the regions, it has approximately developed to calculate the cost of the work of a stove-maker from a brick. And that's right. But the stove is different from stove to stove, as well as the skill of the stove-maker. Therefore, it is not ethical to talk about the cost in isolation from the requirements of the customer. If you take the economy class, i.e. without pretentiousness, strict design, for example, in the size of the well-known Swede, then I think no more than 60 tr last year for the oven.
Time is also relative. A bricklayer will add up a volume of 2 cubes in 2 days, a stove-maker - no more than 60-80 bricks per day. A different approach, different techniques, different thinking ... and the masonry technology will not allow, unless, of course, disrupting the technological process (for example, add cement to the mortar, knead on fireclay clay, etc.) Therefore, the oven takes about 3 weeks per circle with a pipe, PP cutting, washing and delivery.
This is the norm and the law for the stove-maker.

Now D/V for operation
The money is mainly for the purchase of a service tool (poker, bucket, ax, dustpan, broom, welder's insulated leggings ..) and the purchase and storage of combustible material.
The furnace is not a barrel for burning garbage! And if you expect to drown it with garbage from the construction site, all the more so to drain and create comfort for the workers during construction, then immediately consider that the stove will be ruined for you. Irresponsibility has never led to good.
The quality of the fuel must match.
Time - open the stove valve, open the furnace door, put firewood in the furnace, light a piece of birch bark, close the furnace door, open the blower door at an angle determined by weather conditions, close the door and valve in an hour.
Rake out the ashes from the blower as they accumulate, once a year to control the condition of the internal walls of the furnace. As a rule, with proper operation, it will be necessary to clean the furnace no earlier than after five years.
Norov at the furnace should be automated to the maximum understandable by the user and keep the stoker, as well as making more than 2 valves in the design of the furnace, will not lead you to anything good.
Well, if there is not a lot in your pocket and you want a high-quality stove, then for this Kuznetsov posted the order on his website. But I still recommend that you first read the theory, ask the stove-makers on a specialized forum, make an order for yourself in a pencil or in a computer program, but it’s better to assemble a layout. That's when everything will fall into place. And depending on the skill, you will build at least 2-3 weeks. So count your time into money.

But the efficiency of the furnace cannot be measured with money.
If the furnace warms up in a horizontal section along the row from all sides equally, mainly from below, does not cool down quickly when the furnace valve is open and gives off heat evenly throughout the day, then we can talk about it.
If you suffer from not being able to melt, smoke constantly comes out of the door, the need to control combustion in the furnace, one-sided heating and usually above your head or only the firebox area, cracks after the first cold night, in the morning under the covers with your nose - then about what efficiency you can speak.

13.03.2017
9154
Pechnik (Moscow)

Kuznetsov's stoves are a whole story. Over the years, a lot of various models have appeared, designed under the guidance of this person, which continue to improve and become better, more thoughtful and more functional every year. Kuznetsov's fireplace stove, the order of which must exactly correspond to the declared scheme, is distinguished by its small overall dimensions, impeccable design and functionality.

Design features and result

Kuznetsov's fireplace is, first of all, a certain method, which consists in the fact that gases as a result of combustion can be evenly distributed into two equivalent streams with hot and cold vapors.

The main advantages of such installations include:

1. The highest efficiency, for some installations reaching 90 percent;
2. Uniform and as fast as possible heating, both of the installation itself and of all premises of the house;
3. Good draft (what to do if there is no draft in the chimney) and duct ventilation;
4. Small overall dimensions and possibility of installation in any place and room.

Important: if you want to use this constructive method, before starting work, you need to determine the size, shape, method of operation, heat transfer and other equally important characteristics of the heating installation, and only then choose one of the most suitable options. To date, the number of models presented by Kuznetsov exceeds 150.

Fireplaces of the Kuznetsov stove have their own distinctive features and are divided into:

• Fireplace. In their appearance and functionality, they resemble standard fireplaces. Used as an element of decor or a source of additional secondary heating;
• Cooking. They include not only the heating function, but also other equally useful functions, such as: hob, oven. All these features allow you to cook food through such a unit;
• Heating installations. Used exclusively for space heating. Depending on their overall dimensions, location and power, they are able to heat a house of a certain area;
• Grills. Are established on streets, in the open air or under a canopy. Installations are necessary for cooking, they work exclusively on solid fuel;
• Complex installations. They include the most complete set of functions and can combine several elements at once. Such furnaces have the largest overall dimensions, are distinguished by their high power and are mainly installed in rooms with a large area.

Important: using the detailed drawings and diagrams developed by Kuznetsov, you can assemble any stove or fireplace with your own hands.

Application of the bell method

Kuznetsov's fireplace stoves are assembled according to a certain technique, which has the following features:

1. All gases and flows begin to be evenly distributed outside the combustion chamber;
2. Depending on the number of hoods installed inside the structure, warm air is retained to a greater or lesser extent in the interior of the unit, thereby ensuring fast, efficient and even heating;
3. When installing the cap in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber, when melting, hot air vapor instantly gets inside and the installation, as well as the room warms up several times faster;
4. Due to the presence of caps, a minimum amount of soot and other plaque is formed, which greatly simplifies maintenance and cleaning;
5. The heat exchanger must be installed exclusively outside the combustion chamber, which allows the efficiency to remain at the highest level and not to decrease.

The Kuznetsov fireplace stove is designed in such a way that only cold air is released through a special hole located in the lower part of the installation, while hot vapors accumulate in special hoods.

In order to learn more about the finished work of fireplaces and stoves, we recommend that you view the photos located in this article.

Ordering and styling

Preparatory stage of work

In order to fold the Kuznetsov stove fireplace with our own hands, we need the following materials:

1. About 160 kilograms of sand;
2. Red brick (it is recommended to use only full-bodied) - about 800 pieces;
3. Fireclay brick - 70 pieces;
4. Refractory clay - about 140 kilograms;
5. Cast iron door, which, if necessary, can be made on your own using special paired steel sheets;
6. Steel wire;
7. Grate or prepared fittings;
8. Corners and latches for fixing all elements and parts.

In order to get acquainted with the process of ordering and laying in more detail, we recommend watching the video in this article.

Tip: before starting work, first of all, it is necessary to check each brick separately for the presence of all kinds of cracks and irregularities; it is not recommended to use such bricks for ordering.

Foundation preparation

The optimal foundation will be the one that is being built along with the house and is connected. If the construction of the house is already fully completed, it is necessary to build a separate foundation. In order for the furnace to be reliably protected, the foundation must be additionally insulated using metal sheets or roofing material.

Order and features

Kuznetsov's fireplace stove: ordering and step-by-step guide:

• For the correct execution of the ordering, it is recommended to use a special standard drawing, which must be transferred to the selected location and make sure that the chimney will subsequently be installed correctly.

Detailed instructions:

1. The first two rows must be laid out dry using fireclay refractory bricks;
2. The lower part of the heating stove should be slightly thicker than all the others;
3. The first two rows should be laid perfectly even. In order to verify this, use a special building level;
4. The second and subsequent rows are laid in such a way that in the future a place is formed for a blower and an ash pan. Bricks are stacked in a checkerboard pattern;
5. The thickness of the seams should not be more than 5 millimeters;
6. Laying bricks is only necessary on a special clay mortar;
7. Carry out the laying of internal partitions and walls, after which, on the fifth row, install the grate of the required size;
8. The gap between the grate and the walls should be no more than 7 millimeters;
9. The grate itself is mounted so that it is at a slight angle - this is necessary so that during the combustion process all the chips and other combustion products remain inside and do not enter the room;
10. On the fifth row, a hole for installing the fuel chamber is also made. This element must be lined with strictly special fireclay bricks. The laying is carried out by the lining method, that is, the brick must be laid on its side. This masonry method is used in places that are subject to the most severe heat;
11. The sixteenth row is the complete closure of the chamber. Then the second camera is laid out;
12. Using the standard scheme, the laying should be continued up to the 26th row, which is completely closed from above with bricks.

After laying, the stove must be allowed time to dry completely. On average, a trial firebox can be made 3-5 days after the completion of work.

Tip: at the first check, pay attention to the presence of cracks, cracks that can let in smoke and air. For the full functioning of the furnace unit, each hole must be sealed using a special clay solution, and then re-checked, up to the elimination of all design inaccuracies.

Today, many are wondering how and what is the best way to heat your home if there is no gas. Firewood and coal are among the most affordable types of fuel. Therefore, the right decision here would be to build a heating stove, and even better add a cooking function to it. There are a lot of design options both in form and in principles of operation.

In this article I will acquaint you with the features of the Kuznetsov furnace, its advantages and a step-by-step scheme for the construction of such a unit on my own.

The furnaces of the engineer Kuznetsov have been known not only at home, but throughout the world since the 60s of the last century.

Moreover, the relevance of developments half a century ago has not become less at all, but on the contrary, Kuznetsov's furnaces are becoming more and more popular.

The goal of modernizing the old design of the Russian stove with a not so significant change in its internal structure was to create a heating unit with a higher efficiency while saving fuel.

Bell-type furnaces are one of the most common and in terms of characteristics they are in no way inferior to channel furnaces.

This stove is the latest development in the conservative field: installation and design of stoves. This stove is distinguished by a fundamentally new method of using hot gas.

In a standard type design, the movement of cold and hot gas occurs due to the draft of air, the flow of which occurs through the ash pan.

The bell-type furnace is very similar in principle to the operation of rocket furnaces, where hot gases move not under the influence of chimney draft, but due to the gravity of the gases themselves.

Advantages and disadvantages of the furnace

Advantages:

• • high efficiency of 75-85% (efficiency);
  • fuel burns at high temperatures;
  • the stove runs on all types of solid fuels - wood, hard and brown coal, briquettes, etc.;
  • ease of maintenance, no need to clean long channels (low soot formation);
  • durability of the furnace;
  • aesthetic, original appearance;
  • high efficiency, multifunctionality;
  • profitability;
  • long-term heat retention;
  • the shape and design of stoves may vary depending on the purpose;

  with the frequency of fuel bookmarks in the blacksmith shop only twice a day, you can have a thermal regime in the house that compares favorably even with the regime of apartments with central heating.

  An apartment in a high-rise building has more frequent temperature fluctuations than a private house heated by a Kuznetsov stove, which gives a uniform heat output between the fireboxes;

combining the Kuznetsov stove and water heating at home is not difficult and is often used in practice.

A tubular heat exchanger is installed inside the furnace and connected to the heating circuit pipeline. The main plus is that the heat engineering and heat transfer of the furnace during modernization remain unchanged, without the slightest decrease in efficiency;

• the design of the blacksmith allows you to arrange low chimneys, and there is no reduction in thrust. This fact is somewhat surprising to those who first get acquainted with the design and operation of these furnaces;

the features of the internal design of Kuznetsov furnaces allow the unit to be installed in almost any room of any size, regardless of what the room is intended for.

Both in kitchens and in common rooms, the stove looks solid and aesthetically pleasing, and organically fits into many interiors;

the most interesting and unusual feature of blacksmithing in the context of a house oven: you can not close the view. This most important part of the furnace and one of the conditions for safe everyday operation is needed for the Kuznetsov furnace only if an emergency occurs.

The fact is that when the process of fuel combustion comes to an end and cooling begins, the thrust in the furnace channels is redistributed spontaneously, “automatically”.

It was the bell-type stoves that became the basis for the creation of many household, heating and cooking stoves of a new type, which give a much better effect with less fuel consumption.

What can be said about the shortcomings of the furnace.

Technically, they are not, but something still needs to be taken into account.

The Kuznetsov furnace cannot have massive walls - this would nullify many of its advantages. But at the same time, it is subjected to rather high thermal loads.

Therefore, this unit must be carefully calculated and verified at the development stage and just as carefully, with scrupulous observance of all technology requirements, built. At the slightest deviation from the technical regulations, the blacksmithing will turn out to be very short-lived.

The principle of operation of the furnace

It is based on the principle of free movement of gases. For air to circulate in a conventional furnace, external energy is required, that is, the creation of forced draft in the pipe.

When gases are in a closed space, in the presence of a constant source of heat, they are separated under their own weight - cold ones settle down, hot ones rise up. At the same time, in the area of ​​high temperatures, the pressure rises, and where it is cold, it drops and energy is generated.

It turns out that turbulent motion occurs automatically due to the laws of physics. This means that if convection flows are correctly directed, then thermal energy will be transferred by the masses of gas themselves.

With electrical heat supply, no draft pipe is required. If the stove is heated with wood, then invariably the combustion product must go outside.

Thanks to a cunning design, it accumulates at the last stage of its journey, as if under a hood. There it burns out again, giving up its heat to the end, and then it is discharged into the street in the form of useless gas, without cooling the system. Such furnaces are also called bell-type.

The fundamental feature of the gas filling of the cavities is that, no matter how many compartments the furnace has, they are all filled with gas evenly and the same physical processes occur in all. It is impossible to create something similar with the help of traction, the principle of countercurrent (widely used in Europe) or other convective methods.

That is why such stoves are an innovation in the stove heating system.

They regulate themselves and, no matter what configuration they are given, they always work according to a natural principle.

The principle of the furnace device is quite simple: the lower tier and the firebox (it is also called the hearth) are combined into a single space - a cap, inside which hot gases move freely.

The hottest, lighter gases move to the top of the bell, while the “heavy” cold gases are located at the bottom. And between them circulate gases having an intermediate temperature.

The heated air is kept in the furnace for a long time, transferring heat to the walls of the hood, and the cooled air is discharged through a special passage into the chimney. The combustion temperature in the hood is very high. The efficiency of such a stove is three times higher than that of a traditional Russian stove.

Varieties of Kuznetsov furnaces

According to the functions performed, Kuznetsov's brick kilns can be divided into several main groups:

• Heating.

  Their main task is to heat the premises.

  Cooking.

  They are used for cooking. This group also includes bread ovens and stoves adapted for a cauldron.

• The principle of operation of Kuznetsov's bath stoves remains unchanged - the natural movement of gases through two hoods. Another thing is that there is a heater here, which needs to be warmed up well to get high-quality steam.

  The developer proposed and to this day uses the optimal technical solution, where the stone filling is located in an oven made of heat-resistant steel. The oven is located directly above the firebox.

  The thermal energy accumulated in the lower and upper hoods is used to heat water and heat not only the steam room, but also all adjacent rooms. The water coil is installed under the first hood so that it can be easily repaired or replaced.

  The installation location can be determined by examining the drawings of the furnaces.

• Fireplaces.
• Grills and BBQ.
• Combined structures, complexes.
• Perhaps the most popular are Kuznetsov's heating and cooking stoves. They will warm the house and will not leave you hungry.

Kuznetsov also has such projects.

Before you start building, make sure that this is exactly the option that you want to see in your home.

Such furnaces imply the presence of a convenient ledge with a cast-iron surface, with the possibility of partially opening holes to increase the temperature. It is also possible to make a door for a cauldron, like old Russian stoves.

The layout of heating and cooking stoves requires its own approach and individual drawings.

Bell-type furnaces can be erected in almost any room. It can be an apartment, a residential building, an outbuilding or a bathhouse. For example, for a bath, a bell-type stove will be an ideal replacement for a conventional standard stove.

By building this stove for a bath, you can solve several problems at once. This design is able to heat several rooms: a sink and a steam room, as well as a rest room. In addition, it is very convenient to heat water on the stove, creating steam in the required amount in parallel.

The house can be equipped with two-bell heating using a stove, this installation is very functional. Before building such a structure, it is necessary to carefully study the project.

A system that burns raw fuel must be organized in the most optimal way. The furnace must always be maintained at the correct temperature, otherwise the gases that form after combustion can be transformed into harmful soot and tar waste.

Do-it-yourself Kuznetsov oven

The construction of a blacksmith requires not so much skills as the availability of good schemes and drawings, as well as the utmost care. Not even a stove-maker, but a masterful householder can master this task.

It will be easier for those who already have the precious experience of bricklaying, then the only thing you will need to do is quietly and peacefully lay the rows, following the pattern.

Having decided to build a furnace according to one of Kuznetsov's orders with your own hands, get ready for careful and scrupulous work.

On the diagrams, which can be easily found on the Internet, you will see a graphic representation of each row, however, before starting laying, you need to get acquainted with the features of the technique, in particular:

• selection and pre-treatment of bricks;
• purchase of metal parts (plates, dampers, doors, valves);
• determining the most suitable location;
• preparation of the base and foundation;
• the possibility of equipping a chimney, etc.

Fireclay refractory bricks (Sh-5, ShB-8) are recognized as the best material for the internal laying of "blacksmiths", and ceramics (M-150) for external design.

To reinforce brick walls, metal elements (reinforcement, wire) are used.

In order for the furnace to function with maximum heat output, experienced craftsmen hone not only their skills, but every brick - literally. They polish every detail, which is why projects made by professionals look flawless.

The main purpose of any stove is heating, its location must be chosen to provide heat in the most efficient way.

Kuznetsov stoves are infrared heaters that provide the most heat by direct radiation.

Thus, maximum power is achieved with the correct positioning.

Therefore, the center of the room is always the right choice. A wise decision is to place it as a functional space divider, such as a kitchen and living room or living room and bedroom.

Try to avoid placing the stove next to an outside wall or, even worse, place it in a niche in an outside wall (a typical location for conventional fireplaces) if you want to keep the heat inside.

The choice of a stove of one type or another and its location in the house, in addition to the preferences of the owner, depends on the purpose of the stove, the size of the house and the level of its thermal insulation, the number and size of windows.

In addition, for normal operation and repair, access to the stove must be free from all sides, that is, none of the sides of the stove should simultaneously enter into any of the external walls of the house.

To complete the construction process, you need to stock up on a bayonet and shovel, as well as the following materials:

• sand (3 parts), cement (1 part) and water for mortar preparation;
• reinforcing rod of medium section;
• polyethylene film;
• board for the construction of formwork.

Construction stages:

1. It all starts with the foundation. It should be unrelated to the main foundation of the bath. Its size is 10-15 cm larger than the expected dimensions of the furnace. The height of the foundation for the stove is selected based on the height of the foundation of the bath: they must end at the same level.

   On top of the finished base for the furnace, waterproofing (roofing, roofing felt) is laid in two layers. The floor around the future furnace must have a fireproof coating. There are options: these are metal sheets, ceramic or ceramic tiles, natural or artificial stone, brick, etc.

   1. After making the foundation, you need to take care of preparing the mortar for laying the furnace. For the construction of a brick oven, not cement is used, but clay. And not any, but only the one that lies at a depth of at least 2 meters. The clay is sieved and washed out, preparing a solution of the desired viscosity.

   To determine the required amount of bricks for the construction of the furnace, we count the number of bricks in the first row of the order, multiply by 0.8 (average fill factor of the rows) and by the number of rows.

   This amount of brick is enough for the oven for sure, even taking into account the broken and rejection. For a brick pipe, you need to add 4-6 bricks for each row.

   2. After the concrete foundation has completely hardened, you can proceed to the brickwork. The Kuznetsov furnace is correctly lined up only if the order proposed by the inventor is followed.
   3. Before starting masonry, it is worth considering the location of the chimney pipe inside the room and outside on the roof, which must meet certain requirements. Recall that any Kuznetsov furnace has ready-made drawings, in accordance with which construction work is carried out.
   4. Fireclay fire-resistant bricks are used for laying the first two rows. To connect the bricks, a special masonry mortar is prepared. It is not recommended to use a mixture prepared for arranging the foundation.
   5. After completing the laying of the 1st row, the corners are checked, each of which should be 90 degrees. From the 2nd row, the arrangement of chimney channels begins.
   6. To improve the heat output of the device, it is recommended to install 4 cleaning channels for the channels - in the back, in the blower and on the sides. The sizes of cleanings are chosen individually. At this stage, the horizontalness of all surfaces is checked using a corner.
   7. From the 2nd row, an ashpit and a blower are formed. These working chambers are designed to clean the ash and create the necessary draft for combustion. Brickwork is carried out in a checkerboard pattern with a seam 6 mm thick. To fix the bricks, a solution based on refractory clay is used.
   8. Next, partitions are installed for internal compartments, a wall is formed between the blower and the working part of the furnace.
   9. When laying the 5th row, a grate is installed, the thickness of which is determined by the degree of loading of the chamber with fuel.

   When installing the grate, technological gaps of 7 mm are observed between the grate for the grate and the outer wall of the stove. The grille is mounted at a slight angle with respect to the door.

   Here is the installation of the door for the firebox. When arranging the combustion chamber, it is additionally lined with fireclay bricks, which are laid with an edge. This provides reliable protection of the outer walls of the furnace from high temperatures.

   10. Until the 16th row, laying is carried out similarly to the previous rows.
   11. From the 17th row, a cap is installed, after which you can begin to equip the second chamber located above the first. It will be the second cap. At this stage, the cap is covered, and on the 21st row, passages are arranged that are directed along the inner walls on both sides.
   12. The work is carried out in accordance with the proposed order until the 26th row, after which the upper part of the cap is securely closed with brickwork.

1. 24 hours after the completion of the masonry, a test run of the stove can be carried out with the addition of a small amount of fuel material. This will allow you to check the finished structure for tightness and the absence of gaps between the bricks.
2. If even minor deficiencies are found, they must be eliminated immediately.

The firebox is made of fireclay bricks, and the body of the furnace is made of ceramic, which means that when heated and cooled, they behave differently. Therefore, the firebox itself must be floating; for this purpose, a special dry seam is made around it.

This is done so that the masonry of fireclay and ceramic bricks, different in physical characteristics, does not break during operation.
"Dry joint": between fireclay and ceramic bricks, masonry mortar must be removed, and mineral cardboard must be inserted into the resulting void.

3. It is necessary to strictly observe one more rule - the protrusions of fireclay masonry should not enter the recesses of ceramic masonry, and vice versa. Thus, we get a completely independent firebox.

Features of the operation of the furnace

The first is the automatic fuel combustion mode.

In a conventional stove, when kindling, it is recommended to open the blower to the maximum width in order to create more draft in the stove. Then, as the fire in the furnace intensifies, the door is gradually covered so that the temperature of the flame decreases somewhat, and the heat is transferred to a greater extent into the room.

In bell-type furnaces, manipulations with doors and furnace valves do not make sense. The intensity of combustion is regulated by the ratio of the volume of the caps and the combustion chamber. This happens automatically, you just need to kindle a fire and lay the required amount of firewood or other fuel.

The second thing that pleasantly strikes is the absence of the need for daily cleaning of the ash pan.

Any combustible material burns completely in the furnace, without a solid residue. Almost no soot is formed on the walls of the furnace: as a result of pyrolysis, carbon is oxidized to the state of carbon monoxide (and partially carbon dioxide) gas.

A chimney valve that is not tightly closed will not lead to a cooling of the furnace: hot gases will be in the dome until they give up all the thermal energy to the bricks.

In summer mode, the Kuznetsov stove turns from a heating and cooking oven into a cooking one. To do this, it is enough to open a special valve (it is called the valve of the summer run), after which the flue gases will enter the chimney directly, bypassing the caps. Accordingly, only the hob will be heated.

The temperature inside the cooking chamber can be regulated by a damper installed on the exhaust channel extending from it. By closing the valve and the door of the chamber, it can easily be turned into an oven. For ease of use, shelves for baking sheets can be fixed in the walls.

If you need to quickly warm up the room or dry out, the door of the cooking chamber is opened. At the same time, the temperature on the burners remains high enough for cooking.

I. V. Kuznetsov is a man who devoted his whole life to designing furnaces. He invented a huge number of new designs, and also engaged in their improvement. His work in this area began in 1962. At the beginning of his work, he did not need almost any advertising. Fame came thanks to positive feedback from customers. Today, Kuznetsov has his own website and a team of like-minded people. The site presents numerous designs developed personally by I. V. Kuznetsov using his special technology. Let's take a closer look at this technology, because it is great for building stoves in modern homes, since it provides both high-quality room decoration and gives a certain zest to its appearance.

The main indicator that I. V. Kuznetsov strove for in his developments is improving the efficiency of the furnace. Depending on the purpose of thermal devices, they were equipped with improved features. Some have increased heat savings, others have changed the furnace, or added equipment. The quality of these structures is proved by fame and many years of operation. Many, in order to save money, but knowing about the positive reviews of Kuznetsov's furnaces, undertake to make them with their own hands. This is possible if you strictly follow the rules and use the right materials.

Features of Kuznetsov furnaces

As previously mentioned, the main thing in the developments of Kuznetsov is efficiency and productivity. In scientific terms, this is a high efficiency value. The difference between these ovens is fundamentally new and perfect development. The internal gas movement system is thought out most competently. Hot air lingers longer in the furnace and stores heat, while cold air quickly flies into the chimney through a special recess. These ovens are called bell-shaped". Such a name was formed because inside it, according to the project, they make, as it were, a “cap” - the union of the hearth and the lower part of the furnace. It acts as a gas separator for hot and cold gases. Hot ones rise into the hood and linger in it, concentrating heat. The combustion temperature in such a cap is much higher, due to which 95% efficiency is obtained. For a simple comparison, it should be noted that the traditional Russian stove has a value of 25-40%. Used in the furnaces of I. V. Kuznetsov system of "free movement of gases", more natural, limits the formation of soot, and optimizes uniform heating and oven operation.

Other benefits follow from this:

• uniform heating and heat transfer;
• more places to install a steel heating element;
• burning without soot and smoke;
• the need for cleaning is reduced tenfold;
• low level of heat loss;
• profitability;
• crack resistance;
• the opportunity to experiment with the shape and design of the oven.

Depending on their main purpose, household stoves are different.

1. Cooking ovens made for cooking.
2. Heating They are primarily used for home heating.
3. Sauna stoves respectively installed in the bath.
4. street There are both in the form of complexes, and simple barbecues.
5. Bread. They are often combined with cooking and others.
6. The purpose of fireplace stoves is primarily aesthetic.

And this is not the whole list of the variety of furnaces for various special purposes, the projects of which were developed by Kuznetsov. In addition, there is a convenient ability to create mixed views using several functions. And even the creation of entire multifunctional complexes. For example, heating and cooking stoves are very popular in everyday life.

How to build a Kuznetsov oven yourself

Before implementing the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bmaking a Kuznetsov oven with your own hands, you need to decide what function should it perform?. Kuznetsov has developed more than 150 drawings of heating devices, so it will not be difficult to decide and choose the option that is right for you. We will consider the option simple heating stove.

Study the plan of the room in which you are going to install it. If the house has not yet been built, plan the placement so that every room was equally heated. It is not desirable to build heating into a finished house, but if necessary it is possible. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the location of the beams and supporting structures during the organization of the place for the chimney.

Then think about foundation preparation. It is made of concrete, 10 cm wide more than the planned size of the furnace. If possible, it is better to plan the foundation for the stove in advance during the construction of the house. Foundation laying operation laborious. Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, invite a specialist to this stage.

Basic rules to know

• The refractory shell inside the furnace should, as it were, hang in the air, be free from all sides. This is necessary because the brick expands during heating.
• It is not always visible on the drawings, but the internal refractory laying is done necessarily on the edge. This applies to fireclay bricks. Clay bricks on the posts and inner walls are placed at the discretion of the master.
• Every two rows of bricks you need strengthen the bond laying wire.
• Metal elements, doors and other devices must be installed, leaving room for expansion. A special gasket is placed between the brick and the metal element.
• Desirable process brick upon completion of construction with a refractory composition.
• The first kindling starts with minimum temperature and with further gradual heating.

ordering

Laying out the oven on your own for a person with hands is a feasible task. The principle of operation of the furnace can be understood by anyone, it is not difficult. But to create a high-quality furnace, you should still unquestioningly use drawings and orders. Ordering is a set of drawings depicting a step-by-step layout of the furnace, for each row of bricks separately. It is not recommended to change something in the drawings arbitrarily. And even more so, you should not do this if you are taking on such work for the first time. Kuznetsov has spent many years of hard work and painstaking work creating hundreds of perfect and proven blueprints. All you have to do is choose and get started.

What materials will you need

1. Brick for interior masonry. Refractory fireclay bricks are used. The right amount of it is best to calculate it yourself according to the drawing. It is necessary for a simple design, not so much. Some, due to limited financial resources, do not use fireclay bricks. This is acceptable.
2. Brick for outdoor masonry. That is, an ordinary clay brick, the permissible brand is M150. Brick of lower quality for the construction of thermal appliances is better not to use.
3. Clay (100-130 kg). It is desirable to purchase it of good quality, especially since there is now a wide range of decent material in stores. The choice of low-quality materials can negatively affect the first firing of the finished furnace. Such a solution will easily crack.
4. Purified sand. Usually sand is taken twice as much as clay. You can buy ready-made clay-sand mortar in the store. So you will not lose with the proportion. A mixture of clay and sand for 500 bricks needs about 0.2 cubic meters. m.
5. Metal fittings. This is a valve, furnace and blower doors, a grate, 5 meters of wire and two steel corners.

Here is an ordering option. Kuznetsov's "bell-type" furnace. It can be used for self-laying a household heating stove at home without special training. Each row of bricks must be laid out in accordance with the images in a numbered order. At the same time, do not forget about previously described rules. This oven is one of the simplest in execution and versatile in daily home use.

There are few features for building this particular project. Here, the channel between the first and second tiers is made into a quarter of a brick, to lengthen the firebox. And on the 21st row you need to leave two narrow aisles on the sides of the inner walls. They are needed to ignite the furnace. That's all you need to know a novice master. And having made your first job, you will understand that it is simple and clear. The main thing is not to be afraid to start, and things will go by themselves.

Then you can make a more complicated design yourself. Kuznetsov developed such a number variety of interesting options that you will certainly want to implement more than one of them.