How to find out who I am a choleric. Mixed type of temperament sanguine choleric

Tests::: Who are you - phlegmatic or melancholic?

In addition to the previous two types of temperament, there are two more - phlegmatic and melancholic. If sanguine and choleric people are distinguished by a high level of energy, active and mobile, their emotional state is easy to guess by the face, then the situation is different with phlegmatic and melancholic people. Their main similarity is a weak external manifestation of feelings. For example, you are talking with a person, he is absolutely calm, though not particularly talkative, and after some time you will find out that it was on this day that he got married, and to his beloved woman. But there is still a difference between a melancholic and a phlegmatic. The melancholic is very impressionable, he can suffer for two weeks because the neighbor forgot to say hello to him. And the phlegmatic, on the contrary, is very calm, it is almost impossible to knock him out of his usual rut. At the same time, phlegmatic people are slow: it takes them fifteen minutes to tie their shoelaces. If you "didn't find yourself" in the previous two tests, try this one.

1. You spent the whole weekend cleaning, went to take out the garbage, and when you returned, you found that your child had brought home a street puppy and after their five minute game, you would have to start all over again. You:
lie down on the sofa and wait - maybe at least once in your life you will be lucky and it is in the next half hour that the end of the world will begin. After it, they say, there will be no time for cleaning.
shrug your shoulders, send them to play outside and start all over again.

2. An acquaintance with whom you have never had a particularly warm relationship offers you a basket of mushrooms that he has collected with his own hands. Will you take them:
no, suddenly he wants to poison.
yes, but just in case, carefully sort them out, what if he doesn’t understand them very well?

3. Imagine that you have won a very large sum in the lottery. You:
you assume that people will become jealous of you, and therefore you begin to get nervous and avoid friends.
buy the essentials in such a way that there is something left for a rainy day.

4. Let's say your spouse (wife) in the service is not appointed to the position that you hoped for. You:
think it's better than being fired and start saving on household expenses.
you worry as if something irreparable had happened - what could be worse than injustice towards the dearest person.

5. You get sick, the doctor wrote you a prescription for medicines. You:
find out from the doctor which of the medicines is the most necessary, buy it for sure and will take it strictly in accordance with the instructions.
buy everything that the doctor prescribed, at the same time find out in the pharmacy if there is anything else for your illness and replenish your home first-aid kit with stocks of this remedy - what if it is it that will save you in the future?

6. Do you feel the desire to drop everything and run away somewhere?
such thoughts come to mind very rarely, besides, all things are planned for the year ahead and you don’t want to break this order at all, since you are used to doing everything on time.
yes, this happens quite often, but you think that not only the statement is true that it is good where we are not, but also bad where we are. So thinking about running away is pretty pointless.

7. You have been assigned a very difficult and responsible job. Your knowledge and skills are enough, but you will have to make every effort. Before you had even completed a quarter of the task, you encountered a difficulty that seems insurmountable to you. You:
ask for an extension of the deadline. If you try to do everything even more carefully and accurately, everything will definitely work out.
put your hands down immediately. If they want, let them fire you, but you can't do it.

8. You are already late for work, stuck in traffic, although you are in the middle of the road.
you will rush with all your might, fighting for every minute, try to change the mode of transport, if only the delay was less significant.
this happens quite rarely. Usually you calculate your route taking into account all the possible troubles that can happen along the way. But since you are already late, then take it philosophically - wait until the movement improves.

9. You were spending the evening at home in the company of your own person, when the lights suddenly went out. After twenty or thirty minutes spent in complete darkness, silence and solitude, you:
yawn and go to bed - it seems that you won’t be able to do the things planned for the evening, so let at least time not be wasted.
you will go crazy with fear and anxiety - from childhood you are afraid of the dark. In addition, the disruption of plans completely unsettles.

10. Do you check the front door several times before you go to bed:
no, because you are firmly convinced that you closed it, never forget to do it.
yes, it's just some kind of misfortune - it immediately flies out of your head, whether you did it or not.

This online Hans Eysenck temperament test also measures two personality dimensions:
Extraversion / Introversion and Neuroticism / Stability, which give a great variety in the manifestation of individual characteristics. The test includes 57 non-repetitive yes-no questions. The test includes a lie scale that reveals distortions in the answers. The objects of measurement of the test are Extraversion-Introversion and Neuroticism-Stability.

1. "Scale of Lies" - includes a maximum of 9 points. Measures how socially desirable your responses are. Those who scored 5 or more on this scale may try to avoid honest answers because of the desire to be socially acceptable.
2. The Extraversion scale has a maximum of 24 points and measures how extroverted you are.
3. The Neuroticism scale includes a maximum of 24 points and changes the degree of yours.

To interpret the scores, the E and N scales are plotted on a chart from which you can read your personality characteristics. The closer you are outside the circle, the more vivid personality traits. Please note that this online test is a very simplified scale. Therefore, if it turned out that the test showed something completely different from what you thought, then you are more likely right, and the test is wrong.

Instruction

These are questions about the way you behave, react, and feel. Each question has two answer options - Yes or No. Try to determine if your usual response is closer to Yes or No. Answer quickly, do not spend too much time on each question, the first spontaneous reaction in the answer is usually the most accurate. It will take you no more than a few minutes to complete the test. Make sure you don't miss any of the 57 questions on the Eysenck Temperament Test. Start now, fill out quickly and don't miss out! There are no right or wrong answers and this is not a test of intelligence or ability, just a test of how you carry yourself.

Theoretical basis

G. Eysenck, after analyzing the survey materials of 700 neurotic soldiers, came to the conclusion that the entire set of traits describing a person can be represented by 2 main factors: extraversion (introversion) and neuroticism.

The first of these factors is biopolar and represents a characteristic of a person's individual psychological make-up, the extreme poles of which correspond to the personality's orientation either to the world of external objects (extraversion) or to the subjective inner world (introversion). It is generally accepted that extroverts are characterized by sociability, impulsiveness, flexibility of behavior, great initiative (but little perseverance) and high social adaptability. Introverts, on the contrary, are characterized by lack of communication, isolation, social passivity (with sufficiently high perseverance), a tendency to introspection and difficulties in social adaptation.

The second factor - neuroticism (or neuroticism) - describes some property-state that characterizes a person in terms of emotional stability, anxiety, self-esteem level and possible autonomic disorders. This factor is also bipolar and forms a scale, on one pole of which there are people who are characterized by extreme stability, maturity and excellent adaptation, and on the other - an extremely nervous, unstable and poorly adapted type. Most people are located between these poles, closer to the middle (according to the normal distribution).

The intersection of these 2 bipolar characteristics allows you to get an unexpected and rather curious result - a fairly clear assignment of a person to one of the four types of temperament.

Interpretation of test results

Extraversion / Introversion:

• more than 19 - a bright extrovert,
• more than 15 - extrovert
• 12 - average value,
• less than 9 - introvert,
• less than 5 - a deep introvert.

Neuroticism/Stability:

• more than 19 - a very high level of neuroticism,
• more than 14 - a high level of neuroticism,
• 9 - 13 - average value,
• less than 7 - low level of neuroticism.

Lie:

• more than 4 - insincerity in the answers, also indicating some demonstrative behavior and orientation of the subject to social approval,
• less than 4 is normal.

Presentation of results by scales extraversion And neuroticism carried out using a coordinate system. The interpretation of the obtained results is carried out on the basis of the psychological characteristics of the individual, corresponding to one or another square of the coordinate model, taking into account the degree of severity of individual psychological properties and the degree of reliability of the data obtained.

Drawing on data from the physiology of higher nervous activity, Eysenck hypothesizes that the strong and weak types, according to Pavlov, are very close to the extroverted and introverted personality types. The nature of introversion and extraversion is seen in the innate properties of the central nervous system, which ensure the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition.

Thus, using survey data on the scales of extraversion, introversion and neuroticism, we can derive temperament indicators personality according to Pavlov's classification, who described four classical types:

1. sanguine(according to the main properties of the central nervous system, it is characterized as strong, balanced, mobile),
2. choleric(strong, unbalanced, mobile),
3. phlegmatic person(strong, balanced, inert),
4. melancholic(weak, unbalanced, inert).

Definitions of temperament types

sanguine

"Clean" sanguine quickly adapts to new conditions, quickly converges with people, sociable. Feelings easily arise and change, emotional experiences, as a rule, are shallow. Facial expressions are rich, mobile, expressive. Somewhat restless, in need of new impressions, insufficiently regulates his impulses, does not know how to strictly adhere to the developed routine, life, system at work. In this regard, he cannot successfully carry out a task that requires an equal expenditure of effort, prolonged and methodical effort, perseverance, stability of attention, and patience. In the absence of serious goals, deep thoughts, creative activity, superficiality and inconstancy are developed.

Choleric

Choleric characterized by increased excitability, actions are intermittent. This type of temperament is characterized by sharpness and swiftness of movements, strength, impulsiveness, and a vivid expression of emotional experiences. Due to imbalance, carried away by business, he is inclined to act with all his might, to be exhausted more than he should. Having public interests, temperament shows in initiative, vigor, adherence to principles. In the absence of spiritual life, the choleric temperament often manifests itself in irritability, efficiency, intemperance, irascibility, inability to self-control under emotional circumstances.

Phlegmatic person

Phlegmatic person characterized by a relatively low level of activity of behavior, new forms of which are developed slowly, but are persistent. It has slowness and calmness in actions, facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy, depth of feelings and moods. Persistent and stubborn "worker of life", he rarely loses his temper, is not prone to affects, having calculated his strength, brings the matter to the end, is even in relationships, moderately sociable, does not like to talk in vain. Saves energy, does not waste it. Depending on the conditions, in some cases, a phlegmatic person can be characterized by “positive” traits - endurance, depth of thought, constancy, thoroughness, etc., in others - lethargy, indifference to the environment, laziness and lack of will, poverty and weakness of emotions, a tendency to fulfill just habitual actions.

melancholic

melancholic. His reaction often does not correspond to the strength of the stimulus, there is a depth and stability of feelings with their weak expression. It is difficult for him to concentrate on something for a long time. Strong influences often cause a prolonged inhibitory reaction in a melancholic (hands down). He is characterized by restraint and muffled motor skills and speech, shyness, timidity, indecision. Under normal conditions, a melancholic is a deep, meaningful person, can be a good worker, successfully cope with life's tasks. Under adverse conditions, it can turn into a closed, timid, anxious, vulnerable person, prone to difficult internal experiences of such life circumstances that do not deserve it at all.

Sources:

• EPI personality questionnaire (method of G. Eysenck)/ Almanac of psychological tests - M., 1995. S.217-224.

From a young age, we are familiar with the concept of temperament. More precisely, not even his definition, but the division of people into sanguine, melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic. But is this approach relevant in the 21st century? What is temperament? Have more modern classifications emerged? How fair is it to say that temperament is the basis of our behavior? What gives the knowledge of one's temperament or the understanding of what temperament the interlocutor has? Is it possible to change your life if you understand this issue?

What is temperament?

Temperament is a persistent personality characteristic that determines its vital activity and is associated with the type of higher nervous activity. Unlike character, which is formed and changed during life, Human temperament is set before birth.. It is due to hereditary factors. Therefore, it would be a mistake to believe that temperament and character are one and the same. They are certainly related, but not identical. Character develops under the influence of temperament, but also depends on upbringing, life experience.

Rumors that the temperament of a person is changing are caused by a misunderstanding of a person's belonging to one or another psychological type. Pure temperaments are not found so often. Basically, they are combined, just the degree of their manifestation depends on the influence of external and internal factors. For example, a person with pronounced sanguine properties, by coincidence, begins to behave like a choleric. Someone will decide that the temperament has changed. In fact, this person had the makings of both types of temperament. There was just an emphasis in the direction of the sanguine demeanor, which was replaced by the impulsiveness of the choleric.

Temperament types

The division of people into basic types of temperament was done back in the days of the ancient Greeks. For the first time, ideas about the existence of four groups of people were formed by Hippocrates, who singled out (merry people), (crybabies), (scandalists), (nihilists). Half a millennium later, his ideas were finalized by Galen. The doctrine turned out to be so successful that the classification proposed by them still exists.

Characteristics of temperament were explained by the dominance of one of the four "vital juices". Sanguine people are dominated by blood ( sangua), giving them energy and fun. Melancholics are under the control of "black bile" ( melane chole), instilling a feeling of sadness and fear. Cholerics cloud the mind with bile ( hole), due to which they cannot control outbursts of anger. Phlegmatic people are led by "sputum" ( reflux), soothing and slowing them down.

Despite the fact that such a classification of temperaments was created a long time ago, it has not undergone significant changes even now. Although attempts are regularly made to update our ideas about what temperament is. Psychology is developing, along with it the key postulates of this science do not stand still.

Modern theories of temperament

The four basic types are one of the classifications of temperament. Although, it is worth paying tribute to the Greeks - the most popular. Contributed to the study of temperament Carl Gustav Jung, Hans Jurgen Eysenck, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Boris Mikhailovich Teplov and etc.

Temperament according to Pavlov is determined by understanding the type of nervous system. The scientist identified three main criteria for identifying temperament. It is strength, mobility, balance. He compared his teaching with the classification of Hippocrates, describing the known temperaments:

• sanguine- strong, balanced, mobile;
• Choleric- strong, unbalanced, mobile;
• Phlegmatic person- strong, balanced, inert;
• melancholic- Weak type.

Pavlov finalized the existing structure, supplementing it with data from the field of physiology of higher nervous activity.

Another Soviet psychologist, Boris Teplov, described temperament in his own way, the definition of which included the dynamic characteristics of the course of mental processes. Their strength, as well as the speed of occurrence, change, termination.

Carl Jung in his works combined temperament and personality, applying the concepts and . He took as a basis the desire of a person to communicate, or orientation to his inner world. Jung also studied in detail the influence on temperament of each of the main psychological functions: sensations, feelings, thinking, intuition.

One of the most popular systems describing personality typology was created by Hans Eysenck. Temperament, according to his ideas, in addition to extraversion and introversion, depends on the emotional stability of the individual. Having brought together all the information about temperament that was available at that time, he proposed a unique methodology for testing personality. This approach was named after the author -. It allows you to determine with high accuracy the type of temperament, the degree of its expression in a person.

Temperament Properties

Temperament in psychology is considered most closely. To make it easier to characterize its types, scientists analyzed the following properties of temperament:

• Activity- perseverance and energy of the individual in achieving goals;
• Reactivity- the level of involuntary (passivity) of a person and his reactions;
• The ratio of activity and reactivity- an indicator that determines the level of awareness of a person's own role in life;
• extraversion- interaction with the world;
• introversion- emphasis on "immersion" in oneself;
• Plastic- the ability of the individual to adapt to external changes;
• Rigidity- reduced adaptive capabilities of a person;
• sensitivity- the smallest threshold value of exposure that can cause a response mental reaction;
• Emotional excitability- a similar property, only manifested on an emotional level;
• Reaction rate- the speed of mental processes and body reactions, including facial expressions, gestures, speech dynamics.

The characteristic of temperament is formed on the basis of the analysis of all its properties. For example, phlegmatic people are distinguished by the dominance of introversion, increased rigidity and reactivity, they are characterized by reduced emotional excitability, as well as the rate of reactions. A psychic response from the phlegmatic can only be evoked by applying a tangible impact, which is determined by its "impenetrable" sensitivity.

Why define temperament?

Understanding your own temperament makes life much easier for a person. It becomes much easier for him to look for a job, make new acquaintances or build relationships. Not knowing himself, a person runs the risk of getting lost in this world, not finding his life path.

There are people who claim that temperament is psychology, so let the scientists deal with it. They are clearly wrong, misleading others. A person can independently understand the issue of determining his temperament. And, after reading a couple of feature articles, understand what to do with the information received next. Ours will help you find out your type of temperament, the passage of which will take only five minutes.

It is also important to understand the temperament of the interlocutor, because the quality of the dialogue depends on it, understanding the direction in which the conversation can lead. It is useless to “load” a phlegmatic person, to tease a melancholic person, to provoke a choleric person, to whine in front of a sanguine person. Each type has its own approach, and the sooner it is found, the greater the chances for the successful development of communication. And since it is difficult to overestimate the role of communications in society, the ability to build a dialogue is one of the most important at any age and social environment.

Temperament is one of the most popular topics. Moreover, this statement is true both among scientists and among ordinary people. It's just that not all people know how understanding their temperament will help them. In this post, we have answered many questions. Updated knowledge about the four basic types of temperament. More information can be found in the thematic articles on our website, where all types of temperament are considered in detail. They contain the main features of each of the types, tips for applying this knowledge to building a career and personal life.

- this is an individual property of a person, which to the greatest extent depends on his innate, natural psychophysiological qualities. Temperament is an individual characteristic of a person in terms of the characteristics of his mental activity, such as the intensity, speed, pace of mental processes.

Usually there are three areas of manifestation of temperament: the level of general activity, features of the motor sphere and the level of emotionality.

General activity is determined by the degree of intensity of human interaction with the environment - natural and social. There are two extremes here. One type of people is distinguished by its pronounced lethargy, passivity, and the other - by high activity, speed in action. Representatives of other temperaments are located between these two poles.

Movement or motor activity It is expressed in the speed and sharpness of movements, in the pace of speech, as well as in external mobility or, conversely, slowness, talkativeness or silence.

Emotionality - expressed in the speed of change of emotional states, susceptibility to emotional influences, sensitivity.

Since antiquity, temperament has always been associated with the physiological characteristics of the human body. Hippocrates(5th century BC) described four types of temperament, determined by the fluid that supposedly predominates in the body: sanguine(from lat. sanguis- blood), choleric(from Greek. chole- bile) phlegmatic(from Greek. phlegma- slime) and melancholic(from Greek. melainachole- black bile). Temperaments were understood by Hippocrates in a purely physiological sense.

In the XVIII century. four psychological types were compared with the Hippocratic types of temperament, which marked the beginning of a psychological line in the study of temperaments. General ideas about temperaments at the present time are not much different from the ideas of the 18th century: choleric temperament is associated with irritability, sanguine temperament with cheerfulness, phlegmatic temperament with calmness, and melancholic temperament with sadness and vulnerability.

In modern psychology, temperament is defined as permanent and stable natural properties of a person that determine the dynamics of mental activity, regardless of its content.

As properties of temperament, extraversion and introversion, the rate of reactions, plasticity and rigidity are distinguished.

extraversion-introversion- temperament characteristics introduced K. Jung - determine the dependence of a person's reaction and activity on external impressions that arise at a given moment (extrovert), or on internal mental processes and human states (introvert). Extroverts include sanguine and choleric, introverts - phlegmatic and melancholic.

The rate of reactions characterizes the speed of mental processes and reactions (speed of mind, rate of speech, dynamics of gestures). The rate of reactions is increased in choleric, sanguine and well-rested melancholics and lowered in phlegmatic and tired melancholics. People with a fast rate of reactions and low sensitivity (sanguine and choleric) do not notice. that others (phlegmatic and melancholic) do not have time to follow the course of their thoughts, and on the basis of this they make completely unfounded conclusions about their mental abilities, which can cause direct damage to relationships between people, in particular business relationships.

Inactivity - the degree of involuntary reactions to external and internal influences and irritations (critical remark, offensive word, harsh tone, external influence). These are automated defense and orientation reactions. High reactivity in choleric and sanguine, low in phlegmatic.

Activity- characterizes the severity of the energy potential of the individual, with which a person overcomes obstacles and achieves a goal. Activity is expressed in perseverance, focus, concentration of attention and is the main quality of temperament that contributes to the achievement of the goal. The phlegmatic person has the highest activity, although, due to low reactivity, he is included in the work more slowly. The phlegmatic is highly active, he is not in danger of overwork. In choleric, high activity is combined with reactivity. Sanguine people are quite active, but if the activity is monotonous, they may lose interest in her. Melancholics are characterized by low activity.

The ratio of reactivity and activity determines what human activity depends to a greater extent: random external or internal circumstances - mood, random events, or goals, intentions, beliefs.

Plasticity and rigidity indicate how easily and flexibly a person adapts to external influences (plasticity) or how inert his behavior is (rigidity). The highest plasticity in sanguine people, rigidity characterizes phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic.

Emotional excitability reflects the threshold of the minimum impact required for the occurrence of an emotional reaction and the rate of its development. Emotional excitability is increased in the sanguine, choleric and melancholic, and in the phlegmatic it is lowered.

A peculiar combination of activity, determined by the intensity and volume of human interaction with the environment - physical and social, and the severity of emotional reactions, determine the individual characteristics of temperament, i.e. "dynamic aspects" of behavior. Researchers remain confident that the dynamic properties of behavior have a certain physiological basis, i.e. are determined by certain features of the functioning of physiological structures, but what these structures and features are currently unknown. One thing is clear that temperament, being innate, is the basis of most personality traits, including its character. Temperament is the sensual basis of character. Being transformed in the process of character formation, the properties of temperament turn into character traits, the content of which is associated with the direction of the individual's psyche.

Temperaments and their characteristics

Phlegmatic person unhurried, imperturbable, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy with the manifestation of emotions and feelings. He shows perseverance and perseverance in work, remaining calm and balanced. In work, he is productive, compensating for his slowness with diligence.

Choleric - fast, passionate, impulsive, but completely unbalanced, with sharply changing moods with emotional outbursts, quickly exhausted. He does not have a balance of nervous processes, this sharply distinguishes him from a sanguine person. Choleric, carried away, carelessly wastes his strength and quickly depletes.

Sanguine - a lively, hot, mobile person, with frequent changes of mood, impressions, with a quick reaction to all events taking place around him, quite easily reconciled with his failures and troubles. Usually sanguine people have expressive facial expressions. He is very productive at work, when he is interested, getting very excited about this, if the work is not interesting, he is indifferent to it, he becomes bored.

Melancholic - a person is easily vulnerable, prone to constant experience of various events, he reacts little to external factors. He cannot restrain his asthenic experiences by an effort of will, he is too impressionable, easily emotionally vulnerable.

Every temperament can be found both positive and negative properties. Good upbringing, control and self-control makes it possible to manifest: melancholic, as an impressionable person with deep feelings and emotions; phlegmatic, as a seasoned person without hasty decisions; sanguine, as a highly responsive person for any work; choleric, as a passionate, frantic and active person in work.

The negative properties of temperament can manifest themselves as follows: in a melancholic - isolation and shyness; phlegmatic - indifference to people, dryness; in a sanguine person - superficiality, dispersion. inconstancy; choleric - hasty decisions.

As already noted, there are four main types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic (Fig. 1, Table 1).

Sanguine temperament

I. P. Pavlov gives the following description of the features of the sanguine temperament: “A sanguine person is a hot, very productive worker, but only when he has a lot of interesting things to do, that is, constant excitement. When there is no such thing, he becomes boring, lethargic.

The sanguine person is distinguished by easy adaptability to changing living conditions, increased contact with people around him, and sociability. Feelings of a sanguine person easily arise and quickly change, his stereotypes are quite mobile, conditioned reflexes are quickly fixed. In a new environment, he does not feel constraint, is capable of quickly switching attention and changing activities, and is emotionally stable. People with a sanguine temperament are most suitable for activities that require quick reactions, significant efforts, and distribution of attention.

choleric temperament

“The choleric type,” I. P. Pavlov notes, “is clearly a fighting type, provocative, easily and quickly irritated.” “Carried away by some business, he puts too much effort on his means and forces, and in the end he is torn, exhausted more than he should, he is being worked out to the point that everything is unbearable for him.”

Choleric is characterized by increased emotional reactivity, fast pace and sharpness in movements. The increased excitability of a choleric person under adverse conditions can become the basis of irascibility and even aggressiveness.

Rice. 1. Reactions of people with different temperaments in the same situation (Figure X. Bidstrup)

Table 1. Types of temperament and their corresponding mental properties of a person

With appropriate motivation, the choleric is able to overcome significant difficulties, devoting himself to business with great passion. It is characterized by a sharp change of mood. A person with a choleric temperament achieves the greatest effectiveness in activities that require increased reactivity and a significant one-time effort.

Phlegmatic temperament

"The phlegmatic is a calm, always even, persistent and stubborn worker of life."

The reactions of the phlegmatic are somewhat slow, the mood is stable. The emotional sphere is outwardly little expressed. In difficult life situations, the phlegmatic person remains quite calm and self-possessed, he does not allow impulsive, jerky movements, since the processes of inhibition in him always balance the processes of excitation. Correctly calculating his strength, the phlegmatic shows great perseverance in bringing the matter to the end. Switching attention and activity is somewhat slow. His stereotypes are inactive, and in some cases his behavior is not flexible enough. The phlegmatic achieves the greatest success in those activities that require a uniform exertion of strength, perseverance, stability of attention and great patience.

Melancholic temperament

The melancholic temperament is clearly an inhibitory type of the nervous system. For a melancholic, obviously, every phenomenon of life becomes an agent that slows him down, since he does not believe in anything, does not hope for anything, sees and expects only the bad, the dangerous in everything.

The melancholic is characterized by increased vulnerability, a tendency to deep feelings (sometimes even for minor reasons). His feelings arise easily, are poorly restrained, outwardly distinctly expressed. Strong external influences hinder its activity. He is introverted - busy with his experiences, closed, refrains from contact with strangers, avoids new surroundings. Under certain conditions of life, shyness, timidity, indecision and even cowardice are easily formed in him. In a favorable stable environment, a melancholic can achieve significant success in activities that require increased sensitivity, reactivity, quick learning, and observation.

Each person is unique and original from birth. All people behave differently, have their own character, their own emotions, experiences and views.

But at the same time, in sociology, pronounced features of certain personalities are distinguished, which make it possible to divide people into four types of temperament - choleric, sanguine, melancholic and phlegmatic. How are these types different? And what is meant by temperament?

What is temperament?

Translated from Latin temperamentum means "proportionality" or "certain ratio of individual parts" . Temperament is a stable combination of various features and individual properties of a person, which largely depend on his innate qualities. In simple words, temperament is those qualities and character traits that have been laid down in a person from her birth.

It is believed that temperament is manifested in the general level of activity of people, their mobility, motor skills, expression of emotions. One person can be mobile, receptive, have a fast pace of speech and a high speed of thinking, another is lethargic, passive, slow and silent.

Such differences in the 18th century allowed sociologists to divide people into types, which were based on the ancient teachings of Hippocrates about the psychological characteristics of the individual.

Who are choleric people?

Cholerics include people who have high mobility, impulsiveness, excessive emotionality. Such a person passionately gives himself to any business and is able to overcome many difficulties. On the other hand, he is often unbalanced, prone to sudden mood swings, and sometimes quite aggressive.

Looking at the choleric, it seems that he manages to be in several places at once and do many things at the same time. He can instantly make any decisions and immediately execute them, but often his excessive aspirations give the impression of frivolity and lack of concentration.

Who is called sanguine?

Sanguine people are considered universal favorites. They are always cheerful, cheerful, talkative. These people are distinguished by great charm and amazing ease of communication. Thanks to these qualities, they have many friends and often occupy leadership positions.

Among the positive aspects of sanguine people are sociability, openness,. They easily adapt to any life situations and have high performance. However, under adverse conditions, their high mobility and energy can result in hasty actions and lack of concentration.

Who is a phlegmatic?

Phlegmatic people are calm, unhurried people who have stable aspirations and are stingy with emotions. Like sanguine people, they show increased perseverance in work, but at the same time remain balanced and calm.

The phlegmatic temperament can be described as unflappable and slow with little expression of emotion. It is difficult for people with this character to switch from one activity to another and adapt to existing conditions, but even in emergency situations they show calmness and endurance.

Melancholic - who is it?

Melancholics are characterized by such features as slight vulnerability, deep feelings, external lethargy and a bad reaction to others. Such people are considered the most vulnerable and are distinguished by softness and humility. Friendship with a melancholic can be a real test, as he is extremely touchy and gets upset over every little thing.

He constantly feels that he is underestimated, not loved or not given enough attention. At the same time, melancholic people have a significant supply of energy and are better than others at listening and understanding. Their timidity and shyness are combined with impeccable taste, romance and a sense of beauty.