Gorodets murals how to draw. Elements of Gorodets painting: description of the main ornaments (floral, plot, animal images) with pictures and video materials

TOOLKIT

to art lessons

"Gorodets painting"

atprimary school teacher Rudakova Alla Nikolaevna

MBOU secondary school No. 4, Anapa,

Krasnodar region

History

Gorodets painting originates from Gorodets , which had their own peculiarity: a comb and a bottom. To decorate the Donets, Gorodets craftsmen used a peculiar technique - : the figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into a recess corresponding in shape. Inserts made from dark stained , stand out in relief on the light surface of the bottom. Thus, having only two shades of wood and a simple tool, craftsmen turned the surface of the bottom board into a real picture.

Later, masters began to use tint for fine richness, a bright combination of yellow with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made the bottom even more elegant and colorful. A well-known master of inlaid donets with tint was .

The need to increase the production of spinning bottoms prompted the masters to simplify the technique of decorative design. From the second half the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay began to be replaced by simple carving with tint, and since the 1870s, the picturesque manner of decoration has prevailed on the Gorodetsky Donets.

Peculiarities

In Nizhny Novgorod paintings, two types can be distinguished - Pavlovsk and Gorodets paintings, which were used to decorate chests, arches, sledges, children's furniture, spinning wheels and many small household items. The Gorodets style is distinguished primarily by its content. In the murals, genre scenes give the main impression. All these images are conditional in character, very free and decorative in form, and sometimes border on . This is life , , a magnificent parade of costumes. A significant place is occupied by floral motifs - lush "roses", painted widely and decoratively. By expression the master became a true painter. V. S. Voronov, who wrote that “the Nizhny Novgorod style presents us with the purest version of genuine pictorial art that has overcome the limits of graphic captivity and is based solely on the elements of painting…” decorative images of birds and animals.

There are exotic And . Especially often the image of a hot, strong horse or rooster in a proud, warlike pose. Most often these are paired images, facing each other. Gorodetsky master of painting loves flowers. They are scattered everywhere on the field of paintings with cheerful garlands and bouquets. Where the plot allows, the master willingly uses the motif of a magnificent curtain, picked up by a cord with tassels. The decorativeness of motifs is emphasized by the decorativeness of color and techniques. Favorite backgrounds are bright green or intense red, deep blue, sometimes black, on which the multi-colored Gorodetsky color splashes especially juicy. In the characterization of the plot, whitened tones give rich shades of color transitions. The painting is done with a brush, without a preliminary drawing, with a free and juicy stroke. It is very diverse - from a wide stroke to the thinnest line and a virtuoso stroke. The work of the master is fast and economical. Therefore, it is very generalized, simple in technique, free in the movement of the brush. Gorodets flower paintings, multicolored and expressive works by masters A. E. Konovalov and D. I. Kryukov are characteristic.

History of Gorodets painting

The painting, which is now called Gorodets, was born in the Volga region, in the villages located on the banks of the clear and bright river Uzora. In the villages of Koskovo, Kurtsevo, Khlebaikha, Repino, Savino, Boyarskoye and others. In the 18th century. there is a center for the production of spinning donets and toys. Peasants took their products to sell at the fair in the village of Gorodets. Therefore, the painting made on these products was called Gorodetskaya.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language V.I. Dalia explains that the word "bottom" means "a plank on which a spinner sits, sticking a comb into it." Having finished the work, she took out the comb, and hung the bottom on the wall, and it decorated the hut. Therefore, craftsmen paid special attention to decorating boards with carvings and paintings. The spinning wheel was a faithful companion throughout the life of a peasant woman. It often served as a gift: the groom gave it to the bride, the father gave it to his daughter, the husband gave it to his wife. Therefore, the bottom was chosen elegant, colorful, to everyone's joy and surprise. The spinning wheel was inherited, it was protected and kept.
To decorate the boards, the craftsmen used a peculiar technique - inlay, which is very rare in folk art. The figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into recesses corresponding in shape. These inserts, made of dark bog oak, stood out in relief against the light surface of the bottom. Having wood of two shades and using the simplest tool, craftsmen turned the bottom into a work of art.
In the future, the masters also began to use the tint of the bottom. A bright combination of a yellow background with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made it elegant and colorful.
From the second half of the XIX century. the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay was replaced by tinted bracket carving, and then the pictorial style of decoration began to predominate.
The plots of the ancient Gorodets painting were images of birds, flowers, horse riders, young ladies and gentlemen, scenes from folk life.
Today, the traditions of the old masters are being revived and enriched by folk craftsmen working at the Gorodets painting factory of art products in the city of Gorodets. Among them are award winners. I.E. Repin. This is L.F. Bespalova, F.N. Kasatova, A.E. Konovalov, L.A. Kubatkina, T.M. Rukina, A.V. Sokolov.

Secrets of Gorodets masters

Tools and materials. For painting, it is desirable to have three brushes: squirrel art (No. 2 or No. 3), kolinsky art (No. 1 or No. 2) and flute (No. 2 or No. 3). A flute is a flat, soft hair brush used for underpainting and framing.
Nowadays, Gorodets artists paint products with oil and tempera paints. It is better for schoolchildren to use gouache for this, since Gorodets painting is multi-layered, and gouache paints dry quickly and can be applied one on top of the other. You need to learn how to draw on thick white paper.
It is best to have a gouache set of 12 colors, of which eight are required: black, white, scarlet, kraplak red (cherry), cobalt blue light (bright blue), yellow, chromium oxide and iron oxide red. Another paint is also needed - cinnabar (bright red), but it is not included in the set.
To get the color scheme of the Gorodets painting, you need to mix paints. In addition to those that are in the gouache set, you need to get four new colors: light blue, light pink, light ocher and green Gorodets (Fig. 1).
To get light blue, a little cobalt blue light (bright blue paint) is added to white paint (zinc white). Light pink is obtained by mixing white paint with cinnabar or white with scarlet. For light ocher, they take light yellow and a little red iron oxide. Gorodets green paint is obtained by mixing yellow gouache, chromium oxide (dark green paint) and red iron oxide. The result should be a warm green marsh shade of paint. All received paints should be creamy.
To mix new paints, clean gouache jars are taken. So that the paints do not dry out, it is necessary to add a little water to them as necessary.

Elements, plots and techniques of Gorodets painting.

At the beginning of training, it is very important to learn how to hold the brush correctly. It must be in a strictly vertical position relative to the work (Fig. 2). The elbow is fixed, and the hand is completely free to perform inseparable plastic strokes, both on smooth planes and on spherical or cylindrical surfaces. In the process of work, you can lean on the protruding little finger, lightly touching the product with it.

Ornament occupies a significant place in wood painting.

Ornament - This is a pictorial, graphic or sculptural decoration from a combination of geometric, plant or animal elements.

The main elements of the Gorodets painting are circles, brackets, dots, drops, arcs, strokes, spirals.

It is important to understand the difference between the concepts of "pattern" and "ornament".

Pattern - this is a drawing that is a combination of lines, colors, shadows (Fig. 4). They, brought into a certain system, rhythmically ordered, will form an ornament (Fig. 5). When mastering painting of the pictorial type, which Gorodetskaya also belongs to, we must remember that it is performed without first drawing the contour of the drawing.

Gorodets painting is carried out in three stages (Fig. 6).

First - underpainting , i.e. circular motion with a brush, applying one color spot. Underpainting is done with a wide flat brush - flute or squirrel No. 3. The main thing is to learn how to take the right amount of paint on the brush. If there is not enough paint, then the underpainting will turn out to be pale, inexpressive; If there is too much, then the paint will peel off when it dries.
The second stage - shade (or shade), i.e. applying a bracket. To correctly draw a bracket, at first you just need to lightly touch the paper with the tip of the brush and draw a thin line; to the middle, press the brush hard, and complete the bracket again with a thin line. Make sure that the brush is perpendicular to the sheet of paper.

The third stage - revival (or livery), i.e. fine cutting of ornamental forms with whitewash. Animations are always applied to monochrome silhouettes, which gives them some volume.
Mastering Gorodets painting begins with writing flowers, which are depicted mainly in a circle.

Gorodets flowers are diverse

in color and shape.

Flowers in Gorodets painting are a symbol of health and prosperity.

Buds ( rice. 7) - a variety of Gorodets flowers. First, the main color spot (underpainting) is applied in a circular motion with a brush. Then they proceed to the detailed development of the ornament (shadow). Perform it in black, burgundy or kraplak red. The development of the bud movement with a brush, applying one color spot. The shape of the bud depends on how the brackets are located.

It can have one or more brackets. If there are a lot of brackets, you need to start drawing with the smallest one, gradually increasing them in size and bringing them closer to the edge of the underpainting. It must be remembered that the buds are always small in size. At the end, revival is applied with whitewash.

Kupavka (Fig. 8) - the most common flower in the Gorodets ornament. Her underpainting is larger in size than that of the bud. They begin to paint with a small circle along its edge, then make a bracket inside the circle. Brackets are drawn along the edge of the underpainting, the shape is the same as the bracket inside the underpainting, only smaller. Brackets along its edge are drawn, starting from the center, gradually reducing them in size to the core. The final stage of painting - animation is usually done with whitewash. Applying animation requires very careful and precise execution, so it must be done with a confident stroke of a thin brush.Rosan (Fig. 9) reflects the main features of the flower, i.e. has petals and a pronounced center. Silhouette in the form of a circle. The size may be larger than the bathing suit. The center of the flower is drawn in the middle. Rosan in the painting of Gorodets is surrounded by brackets - petals of the same size, the color of which matches the color of the middle. The technique of painting the brackets is the same as that of the kupavka.
Variants of development with animation are so diverse that it is difficult to name even the most common ones. Gorodets artists use dots, brackets, drops, spirals.
chamomile (Fig. 10) the flower is not complicated in terms of technique. Lightly touch the surface of the paper with the tip of the brush, leaving a thin mark on it. Then, without looking up from the paper, quickly attach and lift the brush. The result is a smear-drop - thin at the beginning and wide at the end. Like a rose, it has a core, only drop petals are drawn around it.
the Rose (Fig. 11) the most complex flower. The painting begins with an underpainting - the main volume of a flower-circle, a central rounded petal is added to it below, smaller petals are placed in a circle around it to the very core, which occupies the center of the upper part of the flower.

After the silhouette of the flower is created, they begin to develop it: the elements of the central part are limited by a large bracket and turned to the core. The bracket arc and the core in the upper part of the flower are drawn in black, burgundy and red kraplak. The edges of the petals can be circled with the same paint as the core.
The most difficult thing in a rose is the animation. Inside the bracket arc, first draw a small bracket with a linear cut. Then, two to four drops are drawn on both sides of the arc, depending on the free space inside the arc. Small brackets are drawn outside the arc. Inside the bracket arc, you can draw dots-stamens.

Gorodets leaves (Fig. 12) are very diverse in shape, size and color. They are almost always arranged in groups of five, three or two leaves.

A simple Gorodets leaf is depicted as a pumpkin seed. A more complex one is written like this: draw a smooth arc with a brush and connect it with a curved line, making sure that the sheet at one end remains wide. The leaves are always wide, rounded and splayed.
Leaves are depicted in two stages: with underpainting and animation. If the underpainting is done with Gorodets green paint, then the revival is done with black paint, if with Gorodets dark green paint, then white is added to the revival of black color.

gorodets bird (Fig. 13) is a symbol of family happiness. Birds are depicted in various versions: this is a proud peacock, and a frowning turkey, and a cocky rooster, and a fabulous bird. They begin to write them with a smooth line depicting the curve of the neck and chest, then they draw a line that defines the shape of the head and back, then they define the line of the wing, the filiform beak and legs. Most often, the body is made in black, the wing is painted over with Gorodets green paint. The tail is written in different ways, for example, it is limited on both sides by lines that define its silhouette and painted over. This is best done in scarlet. In another case, each tail feather is drawn in two colors. The development of birds begins with the head and ends with the tail. Animations are made with whitewash, applying thin strokes.

Gorodetsky horse (Fig. 14) - a symbol of wealth. It is mostly black in color, with a small head on a steeply arched neck and a neatly combed mane. Masters depict him in several ways. Some free fly strokes write the outline of the entire figure and only then paint over it. Others build the figure of a horse with color spots, starting with the largest vertical element - the chest and neck. The outlines of the harness and saddle, the back and abdominal parts of the body are added to them. The plane bounded by the harness and saddle lines remains light in this variant. Most often, the saddle and harness are made in scarlet, and the details of the head and legs of the tail are made in white.

Composition in Gorodets painting

All works of art are created according to the laws of composition, non-observance or ignorance of which can lead to a violation of harmony. Composition (from Latin compositio - arrangement, composition, connection) - the construction of a work of art, the ratio of its individual parts (components), forming a single whole.
For the composition of works of arts and crafts, the main thing is the unity of content and form. Another, already specific, sign is the conformity of the form of a work of decorative art with its specific purpose.
To a large extent, the nature of the composition is determined by the rhythm. Rhythm is a uniform alternation of elements of a drawing, contributing to the achievement of clarity and expressiveness of the composition.
A rhythmically organized drawing easily turns into an ornament - the basis of the composition. But an ornament is not only a repeated repetition of similar elements of a pattern. A beautiful and clear drawing of the details of the overall silhouette is very important.
The artist's work on a new work begins with the choice of a theme according to the purpose of the product. A well-thought-out compositional scheme is the basis for creating a work of art. You need to start with a sketch of a compositional scheme in full size. It is not recommended to draw a quarter or half of the product. When developing a decor, it is necessary to determine which part of the product will carry the main ornamental and color load.
When studying Gorodets painting, work on the topic

"Composition" is carried out in three stages.

I. The study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting.
II. Development of a sketch of the future product.
III. Making a full size sketch.
The study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting. A characteristic feature in the plot compositions of spinning bottoms is the image of a horse and a rider. A galloping horse with a proudly raised head was usually placed in the center of the composition.
The image of a rider in folk art is familiar to icon painters (George the Victorious, Dmitry Solunsky, and others). On carved bottoms kept in museums, most often a composition depicting two riders on rearing horses is presented. Riders are located on both sides of a flower tree, from the top of which a swan takes off. On the lower halves of the donets, the craftsmen usually depicted genre scenes of festivities of gentlemen with ladies, hunting scenes, etc. In the 60s. 19th century the same compositions were used in the painted bottoms. By the end of the XIX century. folk masters began to paint genre pictures, scenes of festivities. Later, the leading storyline of the donets, which were part of the dowry, was the illustration of wedding ceremonies: the bride riding in the carriage, the bride, the meeting of the groom.
The brothers Lazar and Anton Melnikov were the first to write on the bottoms of cupavki and buds, brightly colored birds and cockerels. They also developed the poses of horses and riders: the horse was certainly drawn with long legs, and its hind leg was necessarily crocheted. In Melnikov style, horses continue to be painted by modern masters.

By the end of the XIX century. a characteristic form of a floral ornament with certain elements has developed: these are buds, roses and a cupavka flower, which are endlessly repeated in various versions. In the center of the compositional plane, the artists place the main image: a bird, a horse, a person, a group of people or a plant motif.

Folk masters write faces in the same manner - in the form of a white circle, on which their features are indicated with thin black lines. Hairstyles for both men and women are distinguished by great sophistication, but only black is used in their coloring. In the image of the figures themselves, a planar color solution is used, in which the main large spots (skirts, jackets, jackets, trousers) are painted without a contour, in the form of a monochrome colorful silhouette. The favorite decorative motif in the art of the Gorodets masters is bright flowers and decorative green leaves, which give the painting a special charm.

The traditions of narrative Gorodets painting are preserved and continue to be developed at the Gorodets painting factory. Modern artists paint more than 50 types of products: decorative panels, chests, boxes, kitchen cabinets, shelves, cutting boards, bread bins, salt shakers, sets of coasters, as well as toys and children's furniture.

2. After the location of the ornament is found, we select the main compositional center, the proportional ratio of the parts is decided, it is necessary to find the color scheme of the composition. Often children, seeing the multi-colored Gorodets painting, think that they can use the entire set of colors. But, having examined their sketches and remembering the laws of color science, they come to the conclusion that the layout of local color spots obeys only one thing - the general gamut.

3. Having composed the composition and choosing the color, you can proceed to the detailed drawing of the ornament. The development of the composition of the product ends with the design of the frame. Gorodets craftsmen pay great attention to this, as the frame adorns any product. It is performed both in one color (usually scarlet), and in several.

Making a full size sketch.

Before processing wood for painting, it is necessary to familiarize students with its basic properties.
Wood is an excellent ornamental material for creating arts and crafts products.
Linden, aspen, alder wood is widely used for painting. Linden is considered the best of them for painting. It absorbs moisture and therefore is well tinted with aqueous solutions and paints.
Aspen wood is characterized by softness, texture uniformity, whiteness and purity. One of its important properties is light resistance: it does not turn yellow for a long time if it is indoors. Alder wood is soft, light, cuts well, warps little, and is easily pickled and polished.
An important characteristic of wood is color. Any wood of a freshly cut tree, as a rule, has a uniform color throughout the cut. But over time, the wood becomes darker. This must be taken into account in the work. For example, an alder that is slightly tinted with yellow paint will still have a reddish tint to the background. And if this circumstance is not taken into account, then the arrangement of colors in the ornament will not be in harmony with the general tone of the background, which always has a warm tint.
In painting lessons, most often you have to deal with plywood, so its properties should be described in more detail.
Mostly plywood is used, consisting of three, five and seven sheets. Plywood layers are glued together with waterproof glue. Their number is always odd, so plywood does not warp. The layers of plywood are laid in such a way that the direction of the fibers in the layers being glued mutually intersect at a right angle. This gives plywood a special rigidity and strength.
Immediately before painting, the selected workpiece should be processed. It is polished with sandpaper (along the length of the fiber), and then coated with starch paste. After it dries, the workpiece must again be processed with a sandpaper.
The painting on the product is carried out in a strictly defined sequence: first, the central part of the composition is painted, and then the floral ornament is made. After all the underpaintings are done, they should be shaded with dark colors. The painting is finished with animations made in white and yellow paints.
If the sketch provides for the implementation of the background, then the surface of the product must be tinted with the required color. Most often, the following colors are used for the background: light and dark ocher, cinnabar and scarlet, less often black. The color scheme for products made with a background is completely different than for products made without it.
If the background is made of light and dark ocher, the color scheme of the composition should be brighter, and vice versa, if cinnabar or scarlet color was used for the background, then the muted color scheme is chosen. On a black background, white or yellow is used for shade. For the background, it is best to use brushes No. 5 - 8 so that the paint lays down in a more even layer.
After the painting is finished, it is varnished. Before this, it is necessary to familiarize students with the types of varnishes, the general rules of varnishing. Apply each next layer of varnish only after the previous one has dried. The more layers of varnish, the longer it takes to dry between each coat. After each coating, the surface of the product is treated with a fine-grained sandpaper. Such an alternation of operations is necessary for better bonding of the varnish layers and obtaining a mirror surface. A swab for varnishing products is prepared from a flap of any fabric, except for fleecy.
To consolidate the material covered, broaden one's horizons and cultivate artistic taste, as well as in search of plots, it is necessary, if possible, to organize excursions to museums and exhibition halls.

Literature:
Baryshnikov A.A. Fundamentals of composition. M., 1951.
Boguslavskaya I.Ya. Good hands craftsmanship. Leningrad, 1976.
Borodulin V.A. Artistic processing of wood. M., 1986.

Gorodets is a small town in the Nizhny Novgorod region. It was there almost 2 centuries ago that traditional art was born, which is now commonly called "Gorodets painting". The first samples of images of this type are found on old spinning wheels, and later began to be found on furniture elements, doors, and shutters. These bright pictures are somewhat reminiscent of the famous Khokhloma painting, but at the same time they have their own specifics and are a little easier to execute, because. the drawing is applied directly to the wooden base. Let's study the elements for creating a beautiful Gorodets painting.

The drawing is done in bright, saturated colors using black and white strokes. Traditional images in the style of Gorodets painting are floral motifs, genre scenes and even images of various animals (horses, leopards, roosters). Typically, image types are divided into three groups, we will consider each of them in more detail.

We study the main elements of Gorodets painting for needlewomen

Flower painting.

This type of images is used most often, because. he is the easiest to do. The simplest option will be the image of only one large flower, written out in large strokes. Round objects, for example, elements of dishes, are often decorated as follows: on the sides of the product, a floral ornament is depicted, and on the lid - a pattern of buds. To decorate rectangular objects (for example, bread bins), a floral ornament can be inscribed in a diamond shape.

Consider the main elements of the floral type of painting.

"Bouquet".

This type of ornament is a symmetrical image of buds. It is usually used to decorate round objects, such as the lids of some dishes or wooden boards.

"Garland".

An elongated "subspecies" of the bouquet. One large flower is depicted in the center, and smaller buds and leaves diverge from it in different directions. It can be used when painting wooden boards, furniture for children, boxes.

"Rhombus".

At its core, it is a "bouquet", but not round, but diamond-shaped. This element of Gorodets painting can often be found on shutters, cabinet doors or other rectangular objects. The photo shows a kitchen board with a similar pattern.

"Flower Stripe"

One of the oldest types of patterns in the style of Gorodets painting, this is how spinning wheels were painted in the 19th century. As the name implies, it is a dense strip of flowers of different sizes, which alternate symmetrically, and small leaves. Now this type of painting is used when painting round volumetric products, for example, caskets. It seems that Gorodets painting is replete with an incredible amount of flowers. However, if you look closely, you can identify several repeating elements. Among the most popular is rosan.

"Wreath".

As the name implies, it is a "flower strip" closed in a ring.

In addition to flower drawings, images of animals are also often found in Gorodets painting.

Floral painting with motifs "horse" and "bird".

Elements of this type for Gorodets painting can often be found on kitchen boards, but they can also be found on furniture, and even on smaller items, such as wooden spoons. Often the drawings are paired and are depicted symmetrically on both sides of the conditional central line of the product. At the same time, both sides may not necessarily be exactly the same; complementary drawings (black and white horse, cockerel and hen) are also common options. Sometimes there are sets of three elements, where the two extreme ones are symmetrical, and the central one does not have a pair.

Horses and birds are depicted in the middle of trees or surrounded by lush ornaments. It is believed that such motives have a certain meaning. For example, a rooster or a horse is considered a symbol of the sun, good luck, and prosperity. The paired image of a rooster and a hen is a guarantee of family well-being, a wish for happiness and many children.

Narrative Gorodets painting.

The most difficult to draw. These pictures depict scenes from village life - harvesting, dating, dancing. Also often there are illustrations for various fairy tales.

Of course, the image of each figure has its own hidden meaning. The young man on horseback is the groom. The beautiful girl standing near the birch is the bride. The image of feasts is very popular, and the table filled with food is written out no less carefully than the characters. This is a wish for wealth and prosperity.

Gorodets painting is great for classes with children of all ages. For preschoolers, simple floral patterns that are drawn in large strokes are more suitable, and with older children, you can already try more complex images.

Video on the topic of the article

For more clarity, we suggest watching the following videos, which demonstrate the implementation of Gorodets painting in stages.

Gorodets painting, which comes from the Volga villages, originates in the middle of the 19th century. At that time, woodworking crafts were actively developing in Russian villages, surrounded by wide forests. Currently, the elements of Gorodets painting are being studied, starting from preschool institutions in the classroom in arts and crafts.

Technology specifics

In Old Gorodets, from where this painting takes its name, there was a main sale of wooden household items painted in a special style created by the then artisans.

Initially, painting was used to decorate spinning donets. The fact is that the Gorodets spinning wheels themselves consisted of several parts, the bottom itself served to secure the spear with a comb. They sat on the bottom during work, then the spinning wheel was disassembled, it was hung on the wall. So there was a need to decorate the boards, turning them into pictures for a while. With their design decision, the Trans-Volga craftsmen attracted many residents to purchase such a product, which gave the development of Gorodets painting as a folk craft.

Frozen storylines were depicted on the bottoms. Everyday, idle or other events in the life of peasants and merchants. Ladies and gentlemen in magnificent dresses walked at fairs, drank tea, sitting at a round table, the background was not detailed, only protected by columns, flower arrangements, the drawing could not be divided into tiers, framed by simple lines.

Gorodets painting is characterized by black horses, cats, capercaillie birds, peacocks, as well as flower arrangements.

The painting was applied directly on the wooden surface with tempera paints, on egg yolk. Sometimes red and yellow paints could be used for the background for the ground. The color scheme has saturated, as well as diluted shades of red, yellow, black. In later works, green and blue appear.

Drawing technique

The main elements of Gorodets painting have changed only slightly over time. The style and principles of her drawing are studied in the practice of drawing on wood for preschoolers. At the initial level, she practices drawing floral ornaments, recognizable among different types of art. The motifs used schematically depict symmetrical buds of roses, rosans, daisies and cupavkas, and have their own characteristic features. There are quite simple schemes by which you can learn to draw in the style of Gorodets painting.

Drawing takes place in stages and requires the use of paints that dry and do not mix with the previous application, for example, gouache. Flower arrangements can form garlands, rhombuses, or frames.

1. "Fairy lights";

1. "Rhombuses";

1. "Frames" are usually used to frame the main picture.

So, for starters, a pencil sketch is applied, which determines the positions of the main elements of the painting.

It is not necessary to detail the drawing, since the first thing drawing with paints begins with the so-called painting, applying only spots, circles for buds and leaf outlines with basic, slightly diluted flowers. For example, as shown in the photo below. The first step in creating bouquets.

In the second layer, we apply a darker shade with arcs for shading, that is, undiluted, saturated colors or darkened. Drawing defines the contours of the buds.

And the last step is to apply white paint to create a colorful picture. In drawing animals, white strokes have a final meaning in painting wool and plumage. This process is not without reason called "revival".

These are the simplest basics for drawing Gorodets painting, used in arts and crafts classes for children at preschool and school age.

Birds and animals are drawn in the same step-by-step actions, cockerels and pheasants are drawn quite simply and schematically.

Horses are depicted in black paint or ocher, in the Gorodets style they are also dressed up in reins and saddles, have an elegant frame and lush manes.

Application in life

Of course, unlike the old works, a new step in the development of painting occurred due to the emergence of new colors and technologies. The technique of craftsmanship in the modern interpretation of creativity is much brighter and more elegant and is mainly used for souvenir and decorative purposes, as well as for the development of artistic skills. Nowadays, elements of the imagination of artists are added with new images in the form of butterflies and insects, and even drawings of wonderful unicorns are allowed.

Gorodets painting is one of the traditional Russian folk crafts. This wonderful painting is difficult to confuse with another. The colors of the Gorodets painting are bright, juicy, cheerful, and everything in it is symbolic. Black horses with a steep neck and thin legs are a symbol of wealth, unprecedented birds are a symbol of happiness, and flowers are health and success in business. Let's try to draw the simplest pattern - flowers and buds. Here's one.

For this we need: brushes of different sizes, gouache or acrylic paints.

With a wide brush, we tint the circle under the "tree".

We mix white gouache with red and blue, we get shades of pink and blue. Hold the brush vertically. We draw circles, the so-called "underpainting"

With blue and red gouache we draw "underpaintings" of a smaller size, slightly going to the main circle.

We decorate our rosan with petals, draw arcs on the buds.

Now we proceed to the image of leaves and twigs. Applying with a brush, we make symmetrical leaf prints.

And finally, the most important thing. Our pattern needs to be revived. We take the thinnest brush and with a light touch we apply “animations” with white paint in the form of dots, arcs, droplets, strokes. Do not overdo it. The main thing here is to comply

knowing of limits.

As you can see, nothing complicated. Good luck everyone!

Whistle birds.

Decorative plates.

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Master class "Gorodets painting"

To familiarize older preschoolers with Gorodets painting, I painted a wooden board on my own (my eldest son helped me in sawing the board, which I used and will use in the future as a visual material in teaching preschoolers to paint Gorodets masters.

For work we need:

1. Wooden or plywood board in whatever size you want.

2. Tempera or gouache paints, PVA glue (add to gouache)

After mixing with PVA, gouache becomes more durable, fits well on a canvas or other surface, does not crumble, and also holds volume. And all this - for many years

3. Large flat brush, round brushes No. 2, 1,.

4. Water, napkins, palette.

Here are the stages of my master class of Gorodets wood painting:

Step 1. We put various cutting boards or any other flat products on a sheet of thick plywood, trace them around the office with a pencil and cut out wooden blanks with a jigsaw. Our blank turned out in the form of an apple.

Step 2. We sand the cut blanks with sandpaper.

Step 3. We cover the product with plain paint

Step 4. We make sketches of Gorodets painting on sheets of paper - future patterns.

We translate our painting patterns onto wooden products through tracing paper.

I drew without tracing paper. Who is comfortable.

Step 5. Outline the wooden product with gouache paint around the office

Gorodets painting can be easily divided into three stages, since each of them has its own brushes and paints, and a break is needed after each, since the previous layer of paint must dry well.

And so we color the patterns of Gorodets painting in stages: first, we select the elements of a dark color.

Step 6. Draw a bird.

After preparing the surface of the product for painting, if a colored background is not expected. The main elements and colors of the future ornament are applied. This stage is called painting or underpainting, in different sources the names of the stages of Gorodets painting may differ.

For example, the second stage can also be called as shading, shading, or shading. It consists in the fact that a contrasting pattern is applied to color spots, most often with dark paint on a light background.

And the last stage: Reception of animation using white color

The third stage is revival or revival. When glare and small details are added to the ornament, more often white, as if enlivening the drawing.

second stage shading

And the third stage of recovery

Step 8. Draw the leaves and stems in green.

Step 9 Let dry completely.

Step 10. We cover our products with a colorless varnish. (I took - parquet varnish, it dries for a long time, but it gives the product an unusual gloss.)

Here is such GORODETSKAYA BEAUTY I got! What do you wish!

Attached files:

	gorodeckaja-rospis_m1t7b.pptx | 4518.35 Kb | Downloads: 12

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Painting the board with the Gorodets pattern. Activities with older preschoolers

PAINTING A BOARD WITH THE GORODETSK PATTERN DRAWING CLASS

TASKS: -To continue acquaintance with the Gorodets painting, its coloring, features. Learn to highlight the main elements of the pattern -Practice in drawing Gorodets flowers - blue and pink cups, in applying animation with a brush and a cotton swab -Learn to draw new painting elements - daisies and roses -Reinforce the skills of mixing colors on the palette to get the desired color -Learn independently choose elements for your pattern, select their color -Develop a sense of composition, the ability to beautifully arrange the pattern in a given shape

MATERIALS FOR THE LESSON -Products of Gorodets craftsmen -Samples of patterns and sequences of drawing "chamomile", "kupavka", and "rosan" -Sheets of paper tinted under a light tree, cut out in the form of kitchen boards.

Gouache - Soft brushes - Cotton buds

STUDY PROCESS

TEACHER:

Guys, today we will learn how to draw another flower from the Gorodets patterns - rosan. Find, please, cupavkas, chamomiles and roses on the products of the Gorodets craftsmen. Now look at the sequence in which the rose is drawn. 1. Mixing paints to get the right shade. 2. Drawing a large circle in the center of the shape 3. Marking the center of the bud by poking with a cotton swab dipped in dark red gouache. 4. Drawing to a large circle of arcs - petals with the end of a brush with a thin arc, painting over the contour. Petals-arcs of a smaller size are located near the center of the bud, as they move away from it, they increase, then decrease again. 5. When the drawing dries up, an animation is applied: thin arcs of dark red or white color are drawn along the edge of the petals with the end of a brush located vertically. in the center of the rose - a wider arc is drawn with a cotton swab or brush. After the center of the form is filled with a rosebud, the teacher invites the children to independently complete the composition on the proposed form with the help of already known pattern elements - cups. daisies, leaves

TOPIC "PAINTING A BOARD WITH A GORODETSK PATTERN"

Continue acquaintance with the Gorodets painting, its color, features.

Learn to highlight the main elements of the pattern.

Exercise in drawing Gorodets flowers - blue and pink cups, chamomile and roses, in applying animation with the tip of a brush.

Strengthen the skills of mixing paints on a palette to get the right color

Learn to revive flowers in white, blue and dark red with a brush and cotton buds - Learn to make a pattern on a strip, alternating cups and leaves - Develop artistic taste and cultivate love and interest in folk art.

MATERIALS:

Products of Gorodets craftsmen, samples of patterns and sequences of drawing “chamomile”, cupavka, and “rosan”, sheets of paper tinted under a light tree, cut out in the form of kitchen boards, gouache, soft brushes, cotton swabs

STUDY PROCEDURE:

Now close your eyes and imagine that you were given a brush and black paint. Paint everything around with black paint. What are you experiencing?

Now paint everything white. What color was the hardest to paint over? Would you like the world around you to be black and white?

That's right, you are surrounded by a beautiful, colorful world, beautiful things.

Children, who will tell me where beautiful, rare things are kept?

That's right, in the museum.

Guys, this morning when I came to work, I saw an envelope in my place. The address of our kindergarten is written on it and it is indicated “For children of group No. 7” from the director of the museum. Since the letter is addressed to all of you, I did not open it, I waited until we all gathered in a group. Want to see what's in this letter?

"Hello children! Museum staff are writing to you. We want to organize an exhibition of folk products in our museum. But for (children's answers: exposition) there is not enough (children's answers: exhibits). Can you help us? We send a sample. But it did not fit in the envelope, and it had to be cut. Hope you can collect it. »

TOPIC: "UKRAYESHKI AND FRAMES"

GOAL. Mastering the traditional Gorodets ornaments

ORGANIZATION OF THE LESSON. Children carefully examine the presented samples of ornaments and listen to the teacher's story about the features of their construction on the strip. It is worth recalling that the words ornament, decor and decoration are synonymous and that there is no ornament without the object that it decorates. Children are invited to find ornaments on various objects. It is necessary to tell the features of the construction of the ornament in the Gorodets painting, to recall the laws of symmetry.

PERFORMANCE OF THE TASK.

Sample reproduction exercise. Children continue the started ornament on the strip, copying the proposed option as accurately as possible

THEME: "HORDER CROW"

GOAL. Acquaintance with the traditional motif of the Gorodets painting - the "horse".

ORGANIZATION OF THE LESSON. You should consider with children stories in which there is an image of a horse. The majesty and grace of the horse are expressed in the smoothness and rhythm of the form, in which beauty and strength are organically balanced. Children examine and memorize the sequence of painting. There are several ways to draw - only one of them is shown here. The Gorodetsky horse is usually painted with black paint. First, an image is applied that looks like a large drop - this is the chest and neck, then an image of an inverted drop of a smaller size is drawn - this is the croup and hind leg of the Gorodetsky horse. After that, the legs, head are added and, at the final stage of working on the contour, the mane and tail are drawn. After that, they add the head and, at the final stage of working on the contour, draw the mane and tail. After that, they begin to revive, which consists in drawing a harness and a saddle. If the horse is without a rider, then the bridle is depicted tied to the front raised leg, and the harness on the chest is made in the shape of a flower.

PERFORMANCE OF THE TASK.

Children independently complete the symmetrical composition by inscribing the Gorodets horse on the right side of the panel.

THEME: "FAIRY PALACE"

Develop imagination when creating a fabulous image; to teach to see the beauty, grace, originality of the form and details of palaces, to expand children's ideas about fairy-tale palaces, castles and houses; to form an aesthetic taste when getting to know the environment and to educate children in interest in Russian culture, to improve technical skills and brush skills: to correctly paint over space, apply a pattern with the end of a thin brush; to consolidate children's knowledge of the works of oral folklore.

PRELIMINARY WORK: Reading Russian folk tales and examining illustrations for them; conversations on illustrations and content of fairy tales; compiling descriptive stories based on illustrations, highlighting individual fairy-tale images (in this case, palaces, towers, castles, etc.); acquaintance with the elements of paintings of folk arts and crafts; drawing houses for various fairy-tale characters, acquaintance with the work of illustrators based on works of oral folklore.

LESSON METHODOLOGY: The teacher reminds the children that they have become acquainted with the work of illustrators for works of oral folklore: fairy tales, nursery rhymes, proverbs, etc. Invites children to remember how they drew fairy-tale houses: - How does a fairy-tale house differ from an ordinary one? How is a fairytale house different from a fairytale palace? After the children's answers, the teacher offers to consider an exhibition of illustrations that depict various houses, towers, palaces and castles in which fairy-tale characters live. The teacher draws the attention of children to how different artists completed illustrations for the same fairy tale and how they decorated fairy-tale palaces in them in different ways.

– What elements of folk paintings did the artists use to decorate these palaces?

What other elements can be used to paint fabulous palaces? Then the teacher invites the children to draw a fairytale palace for a character from a Russian folk tale.

- Think about how your palace will differ from other palaces and how best to decorate it.

- For which hero will you draw your palace? At the end of the lesson, we build a fairy-tale city with the children, in which various heroes of Russian folk tales live.

– Can you guess who lives in this palace looking at your drawing?

MATERIAL FOR THE LESSON: Paper 12 format, gouache, brushes No. 2 and No. 6, a simple pencil, jars of water, napkins. Illustrations for fairy tales depicting various fairy-tale palaces. “Come here - I don’t know where” By the command of the pike “(thin. T. A. Mavrina); "At the command of the pike" (art. V. V. Kulkov and N. Kochergin); “Magic ring” “Sivka-Burka” (artist A. Azemshi); "Sivka-Burka" (artist S. Yarovaya); "Ivan - Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf" (artist P. Bagina and Yu. Seliverstov); "At the command of the pike" (art. M. Belomlinsky).

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Methodology for studying Gorodets painting

The main goal of general education is the formation of a diversified, spiritually rich, highly moral and educated person who respects the artistic heritage, traditions and culture of the peoples of Russia. An effective means of personal development is folk arts and crafts. The general education school is designed to familiarize children with the artistic traditions of arts and crafts, thereby contributing to the preservation of these traditions. A special role is given to decorative drawing classes, in which preschoolers master certain work skills and get the opportunity to join the culture and aesthetic values ​​of the people. Folk arts and crafts carefully preserves and creatively develops the traditions that came from ancient times. Its basis is the creative manual labor of the master. Beautiful art products made by folk craftsmen help to instill in children a love for their native land, teach them to see and understand nature, and respect the work of people. The works of folk arts and crafts testify to the spiritual greatness, the enormous creative and creative possibilities of the people.

There are quite a lot of folk crafts on the territory of Russia. Each of them is unique and retains the roots of the technological process. Mastering the art of fishing is a complex, long-term task. Folk painted crafts have existed for centuries and retain their original motifs, coloring and painting techniques. All painted crafts combine the generally accepted techniques of brush painting, which can be mastered by preschool children. Gorodets painting is an accessible type of folk arts and crafts for study. And it is in the classes on Gorodets painting that one can form brush painting skills, which are an integral part of the learning process for preschoolers. The formation of such skills develops fine motor skills of the hands, which makes it possible to more successfully master the skills of writing and visual activity; contributes to the development of thinking, as well as the development of aesthetic taste.

Therefore, the study of Gorodets painting by preschoolers is a hot topic.

Object of study: the methodology of fine arts in a preschool institution.

Subject of study: Gorodets painting.

The purpose of the study: collection and analysis of material on the topic "Methods of studying Gorodets painting by preschoolers."

Research objectives:

1. Analyze the literature on the research topic.

2. To study the technology and methodology for performing Gorodets painting.

3. Develop a summary of the lesson on the topic: "The beauty of the Gorodets patterns."

Working hypothesis: it has been suggested that the study of painting will contribute to the development of creative abilities and artistic taste in preschoolers.

1. Analytical (analysis of various works on the research topic).

2. Descriptive (outline of the specifics of the educational activities of the educator).

3. Monitoring the activities of children.

GORODETSK PAINTING

Technology for making Gorodets products

Traditional for Gorodets painting scenes of tea drinking, troika riding, festive festivities. A lush ornament of bathing caps, roses, leaves frames plot pictures arranged in tiers. The flowers of the old masters wrote fantastic, which you will not find in nature, but this is only at first glance. Looking closely, you can recognize cupavkas, daisies, berries, and in the middle of a fabulous bouquet - a lush rose. The center of the rose coincides with the center of the rosette of petals. At kupavka, the center of the flower is shifted to the left or right. A beautiful Gorodets thin-legged horse with a strong neck is a poetic image-mystery. Proud horses are painted on the doors of cabinets, the backs of high chairs, tables, plates on the wall. Fairy-tale flowers surround the horses, sometimes outlandish birds and animals are also depicted here. It seems that horses are galloping through magical gardens.

Gorodets masters write both on a colored background and on unpainted wood. Most often they use the beautiful texture of pine. The palette of Gorodets painting is colorful and varied. Gold, green, yellow, blue, blue, brown, pink and red colors are combined with black and white. However, each master has his own favorite color palette. A special expressiveness of the Gorodets painting is given by an elegant “animation” made with whitewash. Strokes, lines, dots, arcs decorate flowers and figures.

Painting procedure:

A) The painting is done directly on a wooden base or the base is primed with yellow, red, black colors.

B) On the cutting board or surface of another object chosen for painting, the composition of the future pattern is outlined with thin lines in pencil. The main thing is to outline the location and size of the main, brightest spots - for example, flowers. These are the nodes of the composition. Medium details - unblown buds - connect large details between

yourself; small ones - twigs, leaves - complement the theme.

C) At the nodes of the composition, as a rule, spots of regular round shape are applied with a wide brush - the base of the flower.

D) Thin strokes are applied over light spots with a second, darker color scheme of the same shade, for example, blue on blue - a stroke. Outline stroke - drawing, depicts the contours of the flower petals. At the same stage, leaflets are depicted between large elements, the shape of which is obtained with two or three brush strokes.

The whole painting consists of elements: circles - underpaintings, brackets, drops, dots, arcs, spirals, strokes.

E) The final stage of the painting is the application of strokes and dots with black and white paint. This technique is called "animation" and gives the work a finished look. It is carried out with the thinnest brush.

E) After the tempera has dried, the product can be coated with a colorless varnish.

Painting techniques.

The process of Gorodets painting is divided into several stages: painting colored backgrounds, applying the main parts of the picture with the help of gunpowder, applying with a large brush the underpainting of the main color spots, applying shades with small brushes or modeling shapes with hatching, and finally, enlivening the motifs with white or other color tones. The painting is completed by graphic elements in the form of frames and layering, which limit the composition.

A careful study of the sequence of applying paints when performing the most common motifs, such as a horse and a bird, will allow you to write them yourself. But before starting to paint complex images, they learn to write simple motifs. By changing individual elements in them, a wide variety of forms can be achieved. For example, modeling a circle in different ways, one obtains numerous variants of the main Gorodetsky flower - a fantastic rose-cup, buds.

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Flowers - a feast for the eyes

To everyone's surprise.

Nice boards? See how the patterns are arranged differently on them. Here is a branch from the corner up and down, and here the center of the board and the top and bottom are decorated.

There are decorations everywhere. And here I have another surprise for you - separate parts of the pattern - puzzles. They will help us create a beautiful pattern.

Do you know what elements are used by the masters of the Gorodets painting? (Children find them among the puzzles and call them leaves, roses, buds).

And here are the boards. I have already prepared them: I cleaned them with sandpaper and impregnated them with starch glue. Do you want to decorate?

And for whom will we make such beauty? (as a gift to mom and dad for the New Year)

To make the pattern as beautiful as possible, I suggest first laying out the patterns from the puzzles on the boards. Remember how to arrange: you can put a twig up and to the side from the corner; you can decorate the center and top and bottom; can be in the form of a pyramid. (Children arrange the elements of the pattern on the board)

And now you need to circle them with a pencil and you can get to work.

Remind me which color combinations work best? (pink brown, beige, green, blue)

(The teacher, during work, reminds that first the shade is performed, and then the flare with white gouache. Helps the children, encourages, recalls the position of the hand when drawing).

(The teacher varnishes the boards in the absence of children)

Purpose: To continue acquaintance with Gorodets painting. To teach, with the help of an adult, to select a pattern on different forms: salt shaker, balalaika, hanger board.

Learn on your own, choose the shape and compositional solution of the pattern. Develop artistic taste.

STUDY PROCESS

Teacher: Hello, I am a tour guide. Did you order an excursion to the city of Gorodets? I invite you to the tourist bus.

So, we arrived in the ancient city of Gorodets, see how the architraves are painted on the windows of this old street (photo). Do you know how the patterns got on the windows, then on the dishes and toys?

In ancient times, wooden boats were built in Gorodets - boats and painted with cheerful, bright patterns. Then the wooden ships were replaced with iron ones and the craftsmen who painted the boats were left idle.

They went through the villages and offered their skills, began to paint architraves, gates, rocking toys for children, spinning wheels for girls. And the beauty of Gorodets went to walk around the world. They founded a Gorodets painting factory.

Here we are approaching it (photo).

How many masters are here! Everyone is sitting at long tables, in front of them are blanks - “linen” (photo). Imagine that we are also the masters of this factory. Choose the subject you want to paint.

To make the pattern beautiful, I suggest that you first take puzzles, make a pattern out of them, then circle it and color it. Masters of the Gorodets factory apply the pattern immediately, without a pencil sketch. Those of you who are confident and can do the painting without a pencil sketch can start right away.”

(The teacher individually helps the children to choose a compositional solution, color.)

At the end of the lesson, the children go home by bus, take the crafts as a keepsake.

Artistic word for classes and games on acquaintance with the Gorodets industry

Here is an elegant rocking horse

And rosan is here, and kupavka.

Horses gallop across the world

They are more elegant and beautiful!

Thanks from the people to the cheerful horses

From funny horses to the people - a fairy tale.

And from craftsmen -

So that the tow does not split, curled

So that the threads stretch, do not break,

To spin, looking at the cheerful horses,

Not bored, but all smiles!

So that science and memory about funny horses

It didn't end in any year.

On this topic:

Presentation for preschoolers Gorodets painting » PRO-staff

Presentations of classes for children in a preschool institution on decorative drawing are given. The sequence of drawing the Gorodets board, the Dymkovo young lady, the Filimonov cockerel, the Khokhloma plate. Preschool education? Natural science and ecology Teachers and psychologists about children's fine arts.

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Preschool education Pedagogical and psychological foundations for the formation of children's creativity

Possibilities of using elements of Gorodets painting for the development of creative abilities of children of senior preschool age Sample notes of classes.

Methodical development - Familiarization of preschoolers with non-traditional visual techniques DOC Skorolupova O. A. Thematic control in a preschool educational institution DOC RTF

Coursework and projects Sketching elements of Khokhloma painting.

Attention! Your web browser is out of date The value of decorative drawing in the development of the child, its place in the pedagogical process

Features of creative manifestations and abilities of children. Preschool education? PEI process management

The history of the origin of Gorodets painting. Learning to draw in kindergarten. Gorodets painting Free download presentation of the test product the mystery of the name of Danil

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Title: Thematic control in a preschool educational institution The book is intended for senior preschool teachers. The working materials of thematic control on REMP, musical education in the preschool educational institution, the formation of art activity skills in preschool children, etc. are presented. The working materials of thematic control are presented in such sections of the program as

Methodology for introducing children to Khokhloma painting (from the experience of preschool educational institution 40). Children's work. high-strength bolts gost moscow st The manual, written in accordance with the author's program of environmental education of preschoolers, reveals the content and methods, specific pedagogical technologies of environmental education work with children of different age groups. Particular attention is paid to the personal development of preschoolers in connection with environmental education. Visual activity is a means of creative development of preschool children.

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"Magic patterns". Gorodets painting

Teacher: Look carefully at these flowers and say: what are the similarities between them?

Student: Round shape. Petals in arches. White revive.

Teacher: What is the difference between them?

Student: The center of the flower is displaced in the cup, while in the rose it is in the middle.

There are three types of composition in Gorodets painting

1. Flower painting.

Student: Flower painting.

This type is most often used, it is the easiest to perform. In a less complex version, a single flower with leaves diverging from it can be depicted at work. In floral ornament, the following most common types of ornament can be distinguished:

• "Bouquet" - depicted symmetrically. Usually written on cutting boards or dishes.
• "Garland" is a kind of "bouquet", when one or two large flowers are located in the center, smaller flowers with leaves diverge from them to the sides.

2. Floral painting with the inclusion of the motif "horse" and "bird";

Student: Just like in flower painting, in products depicting a horse and a bird, motifs can be symmetrical. They are located on the sides of a flowering tree or inside a flower garland.

Sometimes, among the symmetrically written floral ornament, there are two birds, sometimes different in color. Images "rooster" and "horse" are symbols of the sun, wishes of happiness. Images of "rooster" and "hen" symbolize family well-being, wishing the family many children.

3. Story painting

Student: Performed on large items: panels, chests and large caskets, cutting boards and dishes. Painting in two or three tiers (in the upper part the main plot is written with a feast, date, walk, departure, etc., in the lower part - the plots help to reveal this topic). The middle part separating the tiers is presented in the form of a flower strip. Another option is also possible: the main plot is depicted, girded with a flower stripe.

People's faces are always turned towards the viewer. Very rarely there are images deployed in three quarters.

Crossword puzzle (Each child is given a separate card with a crossword puzzle on the tables. After the guys answer the questions, they change cards and the answers are opened on the board. Students check each other's answers.)

• One of the composition types of Gorodets painting?
• Commonly used background color?
• The color used to write the pattern?
• One of the main elements of Gorodets painting?

Checking answers (Student marks each other. Each correct answer is 1.)

Physical education is held to Russian folk music

They raised their hands up and shook them - these are trees in the forest. Hands bent, brushes shaken - the wind knocks down the dew. Hands to the sides, we wave them - these are birds flying towards us. Where they will sit down, we will also show them Hands closed back,

The main techniques of Gorodets painting

The first and most important thing is to learn how to hold the brush correctly. The brush must be held perpendicular to the surface to be painted. The elbow is fixed, and the hand is completely free.

You can lightly lean on the little finger, which barely touches the surface.

Gorodets painting is performed without preliminary drawing with a pencil.

To get an arc of a beautiful shape, you need to start writing with the tip of the brush lightly touching the surface. By the middle of the arc, we gradually increase the pressure and finish drawing again without pressure.

Gorodets painting is performed in a certain sequence:

• Underpainting (flutz or squirrel No. 3 or No. 4) - making a colored spot.
• Tenevka (brush No. 2) - applying a bracket, i.e. a detailed development of the ornament.
• Animation (brush number 1) - drawing numerous details (as a rule, this is done with whitewash).

Mastering Gorodets painting is necessary to paint flowers.

The main varieties of Gorodets flowers: buds, kupavka, rosan, chamomile, rose.

Gorodets leaves different in shape, size and color. Leaves are depicted in two stages: underpainting and animation. If Gorodets green paint is taken for underpainting, then the revival is done with black paint.

If they take Gorodets dark green paint, then white is added to the black revival.

Gorodets birds of the magic garden: rooster, peacock, dove, swan, cuckoo. The writing of birds begins with the head and ends with the tail. First, the curve of the neck and chest is depicted using a smooth line. Then a line is applied that defines the shape of the head and back.

They end with the definition of the wing line, make a filiform beak and legs. Most often, the bird's body is done in black. Animations are made with whitewash.

Gorodetsky horse.

There are several ways to draw a horse.

Underpainting is usually done in black. First, the chest and neck are drawn in the form of a large black drop, then an image of an inverted drop of a smaller size is drawn - this is the croup and hind leg of the Gorodets horse. Then add legs, head, mane and tail.

After that, they begin to revive, which consists in drawing a harness and a saddle. If the horse is without a rider, then the bridle is depicted tied to the front raised leg, and the harness on the chest is made in the shape of a flower.

Fundamentals of composition in Gorodets painting.

The study of the composition takes place in 3 stages:

• Learning compositional techniques
• We develop a sketch
• We carry out a sketch in natural size.

The main image is placed in the center of the composition: a bird, a horse, a person, a group of people or a plant motif. By the end of the 19th century, a characteristic form of floral ornamentation had developed. The main elements are buds, roses, cupavka, which are endlessly repeated in various versions.

There are traditional patterns for arranging a picture in a rectangular shape: with one large flower and several small ones (scheme 1, 2, 3); with two large (scheme 4) and three large flowers (scheme 5 and 6) in combination with a different number of small flowers. After determining the location and type of ornament, you need to find a color scheme.

The sequence of work on the composition is shown on the example of the garland: first the largest flower is drawn, then the smaller flowers, then the leaves, and at the end the shading and animation of the entire composition is performed. The development of the composition of the product ends with the design of the frame.

The sketches are taken from the workbook on the basics of folk art by Yu. G. Dorozhin "Gorodets painting", where you can read a detailed description of the painting lessons.

Sets for children's creativity: painting on wood. Gorodets

Drawing Gorodets painting

Drawing and painting

Gorodets painting is known all over the world as a great achievement of Russian folk art. In many schools of drawing and necessarily in all schools and specialized schools in fine arts, this amazing and colorful drawing technique is studied.

Drawing Gorodets painting from all other directions with its bright unusual image of black horses, birds with incredible tails, in which such magical images as firebirds are looked out. Animals are depicted in profile, but people, on the contrary, only in full face. And all these exciting characters are surrounded by lovely flowers and their garlands.

Drawing Gorodets painting

All Gorodets painting is symbolic. For example, the horse in it appears as a symbol of wealth, the bird means happiness, and the flowers - as an image of health and prosperity in all the undertakings.

The artists mainly chose such subjects as riders on brave horses, colorful weddings and feasts, family and quiet tea parties and many other celebration scenes from ordinary people's lives. But from the fact that the artists were ordinary peasants, a peculiar style was created in which strict and elegant urban features are mixed with the simplicity of a peasant, the sincerity of the common people of those times. Now, Gorodets painting is adapted for both preschoolers and adults.

What to buy

Initially, in the world, Gorodets painting was like the art of drawing on wood, but in our time, technology has improved, and therefore it is now possible to draw with this style on plain paper. Even at schools, lessons of Gorodets painting are actively conducted, introducing the history and technique of Gorodets masters.

You will need:

1. Paper or board. The first is good for beginners and children, the second is for painting household items - a plate, a board and other natural wooden blanks.
2. Dye. Masters prefer oil, but gouache is also suitable for beginners. A regular set of 12 pieces will do.
3. Brushes. Like any artist, different sizes are required. Better with natural bristles. Three brushes are suitable for Gorodets painting: flute, “squirrel” and kolinsky.
4. Varnish. If the drawing is applied over a tree, it is necessary to fix it with a special protective layer.

Where to start drawing

To fully integrate into this type of art, it is important not only to simply desire to draw and prepare all materials, but also to learn the technique of drawing. After all, writing “in Gorodetsky” is almost worth a separate article: how to hold a brush, how to move a brush, what movements to use in one or another detail.

All Gorodets painting is done in two stages. But before proceeding to them, a photo is applied to the surface, which is also a primer.

Stage 1 - "underpainting". This is a kind of application of large color spots. It all looks so easy that even a five-year-old child can handle it.

After all, the whole point is to first apply the paint in a thin, even layer, so that there are no gaps and sagging anywhere. Use at this stage flat and wide brushes - flutes. Suitable for painting all large figures of the product.

Stage 2 - "revival". This is a technique when a drawing with the help of black and white paint is combined into one whole. At this stage, artistic brushes are used. This stage is very difficult and will require a lot of strength and concentration from the artist.

The whole point of animating is to apply with white or black paint a lot of small dots over the underpaintings. The main thing is not to overdo it and predict the number of animations, because otherwise you can ruin the work of art.

Drawing some elements of Gorodets painting in stages

Pictures of drawingsGorodets painting

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Many of us at the drawing lessons learned about the existence of this naive, but so sunny and kind - Gorodets painting. Young ladies walk on painted boards, thin-legged horses gallop, unprecedented flowers grow ... I would like you to be interested in reading this lesson, at least I aspired to this (from the author)

FOREWORD Gorodets is a city in the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region, on the left bank of the Volga. It is one of the most ancient Russian fortified cities. Gorodets is the birthplace of a wide variety of crafts.

He was famous for wood carving (“deaf” house carving), the manufacture of spinning wheels inlaid with bog oak (a board on which the spin sits), Gorodets painting, and carved gingerbread boards. The dominant color of Gorodets murals is either bright yellow chrome or cinnabar.

They are usually the dominant color, the background of the entire painting as a whole; blue, green and sometimes "whitened" tones (pink, blue) are used to write a pattern, black and white - to work out the details. Gorodets painting as such appears around the middle of the 19th century, when there is a transition from inlaid donets (a wide part of the spinning wheel that served as a seat) to their painting. At the same time, a tradition arose to sign proverbs and sayings on the works (which is also typical for popular prints) or indicate their authorship.

TECHNIQUE FOR PERFORMING GORODETSK PAINTING Materials: Tempera. You can use gouache with the addition of PVA glue. Two shades are made from each primary color: one is bleached, the other is more saturated.

The procedure for painting: A) Painting is done directly on a wooden base or the base is primed with yellow, red, black colors. B) On the cutting board or surface of another object chosen for painting, the composition of the future pattern is outlined with thin lines in pencil.

The main thing is to outline the location and size of the main, brightest spots - for example, flowers. These are the nodes of the composition. Medium details - unblown buds - connect large details to each other; small ones - twigs, leaves - complement the theme and have little effect on the overall composition.

C) At the nodes of the composition, as a rule, spots of regular round shape are applied with a wide brush - the base of the flower. D) Thin strokes are applied over light spots with a second, darker color scheme of the same shade, for example, blue on blue - a stroke.

Outline stroke - drawing, depicts the contours of the flower petals. At the same stage, leaflets are depicted between large elements, the shape of which is obtained with two or three brush strokes.

The whole painting consists of elements: circles - underpainting, brackets, drops, dots, arcs, spirals, strokes. E) The final stage of the painting is the application of strokes and dots with black and white paint. This technique is called "animation" and gives the work a finished look.

It is carried out with the thinnest brush. E) After the tempera has dried, the product can be coated with a colorless varnish.

MOTIVES OF GORODETSK PAINTING.

flowers - roses, cups with symmetrical leaves:

animals - horse, bird.

The "Tree of Life" is a traditional story that personifies nature. On both sides of the "tree", horses or birds can be depicted.

Riders, carriages, ladies, soldiers, cavaliers, dogs are traditional for the plot Gorodets painting. COMPOSITION There are three types of composition in Gorodets painting: flower painting; flower painting with the inclusion of the motive "horse" and "bird"; plot painting.

Such a division is conditional, since the plot painting is not complete without floral motifs, it is diverse in terms of construction schemes. And even if products with Gorodets painting are made on the basis of the same composition, but in different colors, you can not immediately catch the similarity.

So, Flower painting This type is most often used, it is the easiest to perform. In a less complex version, a single flower with leaves diverging from it can be depicted at work.

In a more complex version, for example, a strip of floral ornament is often depicted on the side walls, and the lid is decorated with flowers inscribed in a circle. On the lids of bread bins, flowers are usually arranged in a rectangle or rhombus.

In the floral ornament, the following most common types of ornament can be distinguished: "Bouquet" - depicted symmetrically. Usually written on cutting boards or dishes. "Garland" is a kind of "bouquet", when one or two large flowers are located in the center, smaller flowers with leaves diverge from them to the sides. They can fit into a circle, stripe, or crescent-shaped (on corner screensavers). This type of floral ornament composition is most often used when painting cutting boards, bread boxes, caskets, dishes, and children's furniture.

“Rhombus” is one of the variants of the “garland”, when one or more flowers are written in the center, forming the center, and the buds and leaves, gradually decreasing towards the tops of the rhombus, are located along its imaginary edges. This floral arrangement can most often be seen on rectangular cutting boards, chests, benches, cabinet doors, and bread boxes.

"Flower stripe" - has been preserved in the Gorodets craft from painted spinning wheels, where it separated the upper and lower tiers. Depending on what product it is written on, it can be a repeating ribbon composition of flowers of the same size, separated by pairs of leaves, or the same composition in which the following alternate: flowers of the same size, but different in pattern; flowers of the same size, but different in color; flowers, different in pattern, color and size.

Such ornamental stripes are usually used when painting bulky items, such as round boxes. Narrative compositions encircle the narrow ornamental strip. The wider stripe is the middle tier in the three tier composition.

"Wreath" - resembles a "flower strip", but only closed along the edge of the dish or the lid of the box. Floral arrangements are usually symmetrical in the arrangement of motifs and color distribution.

Floral composition with the inclusion of the motif "horse" and "bird". Just as in flower painting, motifs can be symmetrical in products depicting a horse and a bird. They are located on the sides of a flowering tree or inside a flower garland.

Sometimes, among the symmetrically written floral ornament, there are two birds, asymmetrical in pattern, sometimes different in color. Sometimes, when a master performs a composition of several objects (for example, cutting boards), symmetry appears in the composition of the two extreme ones. On the extreme boards, various motifs of flowers can be depicted, or when writing birds, two motifs will be used: “rooster” and “hen”.

Note: Images of "rooster" and "horse" are symbols of the sun, wishes of happiness. The images of the "rooster" and "hen" symbolize family well-being, the wish for the family of many children.

Subject painting Performed on large items: panels, chests and large caskets, cutting boards and dishes. The composition is similar to the composition of gift spinning wheels, such as: painting in two or three tiers (the main plot is written in the upper part with a feast, date, walk, departure, etc., in the lower part - the plots help to reveal this topic). The middle part separating the tiers is presented in the form of a flower strip. Another option is also possible: the main plot is depicted, girded with a flower stripe.

Interior: scenes of a feast, tea drinking, weddings are performed against the background of a window with the obligatory inclusion of a table. The table is filled with cups, a samovar or a vase of flowers (a symbol of wealth and prosperity). Curtains and clocks can be included in the composition.

People's faces are always turned towards the viewer. Very rarely there are images deployed in three quarters. Exterior: houses with carved shutters and architraves, with chimneys decorated with carved roosters, wells with roofs decorated with horses' heads.

Most often, the scenes of festivities, trips and dates are not divided into parts. Entire streets with houses, fences, churches, plant motifs in the form of trees are reproduced on the panel.

Often, next to the main characters, you can find images of animals - dogs, cats, roosters, chickens. With this construction of the plot, the main characters are depicted in the foreground, larger than the secondary ones, they are often highlighted in color.

More details on the website www.liveinternet.ru

M. Ilchenko, S. Mishin
Methodological guide for
Gorodets painting

The painting, which is now called Gorodets, was born in the Volga region on the banks of the clear and bright river Uzola. There, the peasants of several villages painted spinning wheels and took their products to the Nizhny Novgorod fair to sell. Therefore, the painting was first called Nizhny Novgorod. More precisely, even before the advent of this painting, the spinning wheels were decorated with carvings. Over time, the carving began to be slightly tinted - for greater elegance, and later the carving on the spinning wheels was completely replaced by painting.

You will never confuse with anything the joyful colors of Gorodets painting, its black horses with a hooked leg and swan neck, its birds with outlandish tails in the form of a butterfly wing. Horses are always depicted in profile, and people - only full face. And all this - surrounded by luxurious flower garlands.

Gorodets painting is symbolic. The horse in it is a symbol of wealth, the bird is a symbol of happiness, and the flowers are health and prosperity in business.

The subjects of the ancient Gorodets painting were horse riders, young ladies in crinolines, weddings, feasts, tea parties and other solemn scenes from the life of the townspeople. But because all this was depicted by peasant artists, an extremely peculiar style of painting was created, in which the pomp and pretentiousness of urban elements are naively mixed with the simplicity and sincerity characteristic of the common people.

Today, the heritage of the old masters has not died: their best traditions are being revived by artists working at the Gorodets painting factory in Gorodets. Fortunately, the ancient Volga painting is now in the safe hands of talented contemporary artists. Five of them are Laureates of the Repin Prize. This is the highest award for artists of our country. The names of these artists: Bespalova L.F., Kubatkina L.A., Kasatova F.N., Rukina T.M., Sokolova A.V. There was a time when Gorodets painting almost died, but there were kind and talented people who revived it, and the artists I named were among them. They are our national pride.

In this manual, I will tell you about the elements, plots and techniques of Gorodets painting. These will be the simplest, elementary truths, but they must be well learned and not violated when you start painting.

Gorodets painting, as already mentioned, is wood painting. But we will begin to learn how to draw Gorodets elements on paper. Subsequently, when you master the simplest techniques of Gorodets painting, it will be told how to prepare wooden surfaces for painting, how to paint and varnish them.

Well, now stock up on paper, paint and brushes.

PAPER I need a white one from an album for drawing, drawing paper or semi-drawing paper. For the first trainings in painting, you can take worse paper: then, after all, you will still throw out unsuccessful drawings, and carefully redraw the successful ones into an album with good paper.

PAINTS. Gorodets masters paint their works with oil paints. And we will perform gouache painting.

From the school set of gouache (12 colors), take only eight colors: black, white, scarlet, kraplak (cherry), light cobalt blue (bright blue), as well as yellow, chromium oxide (dark green) and red ocher.

You will use the first five colors directly from the jars, and the last three are not suitable for Gorodets painting, they will need to be mixed with each other to get a range of colors reminiscent of Gorodets. This is discussed in more detail below. By the way, one more paint is needed - cinnabar. This is a bright red paint, but it is not found in the gouache paint set. Although this paint is expensive, you can't make a good painting without it, so you'll have to buy it from an art store.

BRUSHES. For painting, it is desirable to have at least three brushes: squirrel art (N2 or N3), kolinsky art (N1 or N2) and flute (N2 or N3) - this flat brush made of soft hair is used for underpainting, framing, etc.

We have already agreed that we will carry out our Gorodets painting with gouache paints. Do a simple experiment. Take a piece of paper and put on it one stroke of paint from each jar of gouache that are in the kit. Now look critically at the resulting palette of gouache paints. Isn't it a dull gamma? There is nothing to dream of making a decent painting "under the gorodets" using only these colors. To get a cheerful, harmonious color scheme inherent in Gorodets painting, we will have to tinker a bit with mixing colors. So far, we have to get three new colors from the gouache set: light blue, light pink and Gorodets green (that is, green with a warm “swamp” shade). So let's start mixing. Take two clean jars of gouache. In both jars, put half a spoonful of white paint (zinc white) and add a little cobalt blue light (bright blue paint) to one jar, and a little cinnabar to the other. True, cinnabar may not be available, then you will have to do with what is in the gouache set - scarlet paint. Stir well. If the paints are thick, add 2-3 drops of water. Stir again. Two new colors were obtained: pale blue and pale pink. But we will call them like this: blue razbel and pink razbel.

Make sure that when mixing these whites, brushes, paints and jars are completely clean, then the whites will turn out to be bright, clean, luminous. It very often happens that when mixing pink tint to white paint, they add not scarlet, but kraplak, and then the tint of a soft pink color does not work, but bluish paint comes out, which is decent to paint except perhaps a drowned man. But since we are not going to do this, we will have to throw away the unsuccessful break and mix in a new one, already with the addition of scarlet (or better, as I said, cinnabar).

Now, if your whites turned out good, close them tightly with lids and put gouache in your set. You will use them all the time.

In addition to these two whitewashes, we need to mix the Gorodetsky green paint, which is used to make the underpainting of the leaves. Remember, when I said which colors from the gouache set we will use for our painting “under the gorodets”, I named five colors: black, white, scarlet, kraplak and cobalt blue. These are the colors that we will use in painting without mixing.

I singled out these three colors in a special group, because they are not used in painting, but new shades of colors, characteristic of Gorodets painting, are mixed from them. I will tell, for now, only about one, which is obtained by mixing these three colors. So, again we take an empty jar of gouache. We put half a spoonful of yellow gouache in it, add a drop of red ocher and a little chromium oxide (dark green paint); mix, try on a piece of paper - you should get a paint of a warm green swamp shade. That's what it is gorodets green dye. The paint should be creamy. Close the jar with a tight lid and make sure that it does not dry out. If it becomes thicker than you need, add a little water to it. Put a jar of this paint in your kit. Just like the whites, you will need it in your work.

One more note. It is clear that everyone who mixes the paint will get very different shades. Gorodets green, therefore, by changing the number of constituent colors, get the shade of Gorodets green that you like best. It will be your gorodets green. And yet there is a general advice for everyone: take more yellow, and less green, because of this Gorodets green will be lighter, more airy, and black animations will look good on it. If you already mixed a darkish paint, then the animations on it may be yellow.

Gorodets painting is carried out in two stages: underpainting and revival. And flowers - in three stages.

For underpainting, wide flat brushes - flutes are used. The flute is dipped in paint and all the figures of the product being painted are painted over at once (usually in 5-6 colors).

For example, all horses are completely painted over with black paint, except for the harness, which is dyed with cinnabar. Also, the bodies of birds are painted with black paint, the tails of birds are painted with kraplak, the underpainting of flowers is blue and pink, and the wings of birds and leaves are green.

Performing underpainting is a simple painting technique, it is accessible even to five-year-old children. In fact, with the same brush strokes that underpainting is done, we paint the frames and floors at home. The main thing here is to smear the paints with a thin, even layer, so that there are no gaps or influxes of paint anywhere. For this, wide brushes are used.

When the underpainting of the entire product is completed, the second stage begins - revival. The animations are done with white paint. But for animation, other brushes and other painting techniques are needed.

For animation - brushes are needed artistic. And the performance of animations is no longer a painting technique, but an artistic one, and in order to do them well, you will have to practice a lot. The tip of the brush is dipped in white paint and a lot of dots and various strokes are applied over all the underpaintings, which in a matter of minutes so dramatically transform the appearance of our painting that the thought immediately comes to mind, what a lucky word it is - animations! And exactly! From the white, like lace, decoration, Gorodets and birds, and horses, and flowers, which were completely flat before that, instantly come to life. Just don't think that once you've dipped an art brush into white paint, you have the right to scatter white dots with the generosity with which millet is sprinkled on chickens. Beginners, by the way, like to put these white dots in a multitude so much that before you have time to look around, they will already cover up all the work with them. This should not be done in any case: everything is good only in moderation. Shakespeare said: “Be neither a spendthrift nor a miser. Only in a sense of proportion is true good.

Those are golden words! In moderation, there should be animation, only then they are fabulously beautiful, and if you overdo it, all the charm of the work will disappear, as if covered with snow. And note that the author of the painting can sometimes change the colors of the underpaintings, but the animations are always the same, because there is a certain canon, an unbreakable rule, how to make animations on horses, like on flowers, and only on the bodies of birds with animations you can be a little free .

It remains to tell that when we make animations, white strokes come in several forms. These are arcs, droplets, strokes and dots. How they are performed will be detailed later. Most importantly, remember that when making animations, the brush must be held vertically in your hand and touch the product with the thinnest tip of the brush so that the strokes are neat, graceful and elastic: all the beauty of Gorodets work depends on the animation.

Now that we are familiar with what depicted in Gorodets painting, and with what paints and brushes this can be done, let's talk in detail about the various elements of this painting. And start by yourself (simultaneously with reading the text) to depict on paper everything that will be discussed in subsequent chapters.

Gorodets painting comes from the icon, and, just like in the icon, there is a lot of symbolism in it. The bird is a symbol of family happiness.

Look at Gorodets birds - they always have a fat belly. In my long practice of teaching, I met many people who did not like this particular feature of the Gorodets bird. Many who begin to try their hand at Gorodets painting try to “improve the figure” of the Gorodets bird by thinning its body. I want to save you from this gross mistake. Such an outline of a bird is a tradition, and trying to thoughtlessly change it is the same as depriving an ancient symbolic image of its meaning. Some of you will say: “Just think, what a crime! I just wanted to make the bird thinner - so it is even more elegant.

But remember, the bird is a symbol family happiness. Perhaps this “unaesthetic” (according to others) tummy just symbolizes the birth of a new life and is the key to family happiness!

I don’t know if I correctly guessed the intention of our ingenuously wise ancestors regarding the bird, but I simply urge you to respect the tradition and draw birds the way thousands of artists painted them before you.

The bird in the Gorodets painting has a sharp silhouette: it has a flexible line of the neck and chest (sinusoid), a tail in the form of a butterfly wing, a filiform beak and legs. The traditional color of the bird is: the body is black, the tail is cherry (kraplak), the wing is green.

Two of these three colors are available in the set of gouache paints: black and kraplak, and Gorodets green is mixed.

Gorodets birds are depicted in two stages: first, underpainting is done with three colors with a brush - this is the body, wing and tail of the bird, and then animations are painted on it with white paint.

Figure 1 shows the most characteristic variants of the Gorodets bird's revival. Animations are made on the bird with white paint - using a thin artistic brush. Here you can use the entire arsenal of Gorodets animations: arcs, strokes, droplets, and dots.

strokes are very different in length and width, and they are performed as follows: the brush is held vertically in the fingers and, barely touching the paper with the end of the brush, draw a thin line at the beginning and end with more or less pressure in the middle. The strokes made the animations on the wing and tail of the bird, on the neck and at the bottom of the tummy.

Droplets are made using the priming method, known to modern children since kindergarten, where they are taught this technique. Droplets are made like this: sideways with the tip of an art brush (with white paint) easily and smoothly
touch the paper, which leaves a trace in the form of a drop.

How dots are put is easier to understand than to explain.

How to perform arcs is described in detail in the section of this technique “Flowers are a symbol of health”.

I advise you to start drawing a bird of traditional colors. Later, of course, you will try other coloring options for Gorodets birds. And yet, over time, you yourself will come to the conclusion that the combination that I called traditional is the most successful of all.

Have you heard such a word - "horseless"? When it is used even in our time, they mean the extreme poverty of the person about whom they say "horseless". Now times have changed. I have a lot of acquaintances, and not one of them has a horse! And I don't. And yet no one says about us that we are “horseless”. Some even have cars...

But in the old days, those peasants who did not have a horse were the poorest people in the village: neither to plow the land in the field, nor to bring hay to the cow, nor to go to the market to sell something from their harvest, nor to deliver a doctor to the sick .. .

In a word, it was bad on the farm without a horse. And the horse was so significant in the life of rural residents that in peasant painting it became symbol wealth.

The Gorodetsky horse is only black. This is also a tradition. And she went from that distant time, when Gorodets spinning wheels were decorated not with painting, but with carvings. Then the horse, carved from black (bog) oak, crashed flush into the light bottom of the Gorodets spinning wheel. This work was hard, as oak is a very hard wood. Therefore, over time, the craftsmen who made the spinning wheels began to simply paint over the horse on the spinning wheel with black paint, thereby imitating their work under the inlay with bog oak. It was cheaper. Spinning wheels were made for sale.

And then they began to tint other parts of the spinning wheel, and gradually the expensive carving was replaced by coloring (painting).

Since the horse in Gorodets painting is always black.

The Gorodetsky horse, like the bird, is sharp in shape and color. The whole horse is black with white rims, the saddle and harness are red. The horse has a flexible neck and chest line (and, mind you, exactly the same as a bird!), a rounded croup, a bushy tail and very thin legs. Moreover, they are thin only below the knees.

One hind leg is bent under the belly with a hook, and one front leg is steeply bent at the knee in front of the chest.

The Gorodets masters of the horse paint in two stages: underpainting and revival. I advise you to first draw the outline of the horse, then paint over the saddle and harness with red paint (Fig. 2a), then the horse with black (Fig. 2b), and then make animations with white paint using dots, strokes, droplets (Fig. 2c) .

A droplet on a horse is done like this: with the tip of the art brush, which must be held vertically, quickly draw a thin elastic line and at the end of it, slightly tilting the brush, stick a drop. They make little drops of animation on the chest and rump of the horse, and from such animation the horse becomes, as it were, shiny and smooth; “full”, as the peasants say. And this did not mean that the horse had a good meal, but that he was in good shape, round and thin at the same time, handsome and sleek.

Gorodets horses are of two types, they differ only in manes, in everything else they are always the same, except for small minor details.

Flowers are an indispensable part of any Gorodets work.

For a good mastery of Gorodets painting, it is enough to be able to draw only four flowers. Subsequently, it will be told especially about one more flower, the most beautiful, but without which you can perfectly do without, without compromising the quality of the painting.

So, let's learn how to draw only four flowers first. They are drawn in three stages:

• underpainting;
• pointing petals;
• animations.

For beginners, I think it is advisable to start drawing these flowers immediately from the second stage.

So, prepare paper, a pencil, one art brush and for now only one paint from the gouache set - kraplak. And with God!

Let's draw four circles in a row on a sheet of paper with a pencil: the first one is smaller, the rest are the same (see Fig. 3).

Using a brush and cherry paint (kraplak), draw a round colored spot in each of these circles; on the first two - from the side, and on the other two - in the middle (Fig. 3). For convenience, let's call this spot a nose in the future. Now let's finish these four flowers with the same paint (kraplak).

Draw on the first circle arc. To do this, holding the brush in the fingers vertically (perpendicular to the sheet of paper), we begin to direct the arc at first only lightly touching the paper with the tip of the brush, then we press hard on the brush (the brush leaves a wide smooth mark) and complete the arc again with a thin line. It turns out a beautiful arc in the form of a young month (Fig. 3a).

On the second circle, draw the same arc, but now not along the edge, but inside the circle. And along its edge - rounded petals in shape are exactly the same as the arc, only smaller. The result was a flower somewhat reminiscent of a rose (Fig. 3b).

On the third circle, we draw the petals along the edge of the circle (Fig. 3c).

On the fourth circle, we finish the droplets using the priming method. They are located along the radius around the spout drawn in the center (Fig. 3d).

Now compare your flowers with those in the picture ... And if they are similar, I congratulate you from the bottom of my heart: you have coped with perhaps the most difficult part of the Gorodets painting!

Of course, flowers are always painted on colored circles, but at first, the color will only distract you from the correct “writing” of these very important painting elements.

If the flowers are not very good, practice until you can draw them with ease.

Make sure that all arcs are rounded and convex, like wind-blown sails, so that the noses of the third and fourth flowers are large enough (no less than 1/3 of the diameter of the circle in which they are placed).

Now let's agree on terminology. It will be more convenient to give a name to these four flowers:

• bud (Fig. 3a);
• rose (Fig. 3b);
• rosan (Fig. 3c);
• chamomile (Fig. 3d).

I warn you that in other sources these same flowers may be named differently. But we began to master Gorodets painting before the advent of any methods, and when I went to Gorodets with my children and asked the craftswomen-artists at the Gorodets Painting factory what they called these flowers, it turned out that they did not call them in any way. One artist said so: “What are they called? I draw them and that's it."

And we had to name these flowers ourselves. Therefore, you can name them the same as we call them in our work team, or rename them in your own way. Agree that it doesn't matter. As the people say: "Even though you call it a pot, just don't put it in the oven."

We have already, I hope, mastered the second stage (pointing the petals), and now we will start from the first stage (underpainting).

Let's talk about what color the flowers that we learned to draw will be.

For now, we will draw all the flowers only in pink and blue. There are many pink flowers in the painting, but few blue ones. They may be no more than one quarter of the total number of flowers, or even less, or even not at all in the Gorodets painting. But this will be discussed in the second part of this manual.

So that's what's interesting: Gorodets flowers are always drawn on colored circles. When they begin to paint the work, at first they draw only colored circles (this, in fact, is the underpainting). Why so? Really, even great masters could not make Gorodets painting without circles?

We could, of course. But such is the tradition.

You see how simple-hearted and unsophisticated this peasant painting is, that it does not make any secret of the method of drawing their luxurious flowers, and even in the works of the famous masters of Gorodets, these four flowers are always painted on colored circles. It turns out that in order to create unthinkably magnificent and beautiful Gorodets compositions, it is enough to be able to depict only four flowers, which are described here, and the impression of a huge number of these flowers is created only thanks to their color - red, pink, blue, blue, ocher, brown, cherry and even black ones.

There are no flowers only orange, yellow and purple.

So, again we draw the same four circles from which we began to learn how to depict Gorodets flowers.

Any of the four circles will be painted with blue white, and the remaining three with pink white.

Now on these underpaintings we will draw the same flowers as in Figure 3.

I advise you to carefully sketch these flowers in your album - they will be included in your atlas of Gorodets elements. Please note that on the blue circle we point the petals and the nose of the flower with cobalt blue, and paint the pink underpaintings with red paint.

This is how you will paint: bright blue on blue and red on pink.

Now let's move on to the third stage: it remains to make animations on the flowers. The animations on the flowers are made with white paint using an N2 and N3 art brush.

The tip of the brush is carefully dipped in white gouache and the flowers are decorated with dots and elastic strokes.

First of all, they put a white dot in the center of all the noses, then they circle the noses of roses and daisies with dots, and circle the noses of the bud and rose with a white arc (how such an arc is drawn has already been explained).

And then the animations on the rose (those that are located along the “meridians”) are finished with very elegant strokes.

Everything! We learned to write flowers! My advice to you is to make animations on flowers only as shown in the picture.

This is a tradition. Tradition must be respected..

Gorodets flowers are always surrounded by many leaves. The Gorodetsky leaf is simple and unpretentious in form: its contour resembles a pumpkin seed, but the spectacular effect of luxurious Gorodets garlands largely depends on the leaves.

The leaves are painted over with Gorodets green paint.

If we compare the ancient Gorodets murals with modern ones, we will see a big difference in the craftsmanship: the masters of our time have succeeded in virtuosity in writing the elements of Gorodets murals, but the shape of the leaves has changed little. True, they began to be depicted as if “back to front”: before they were turned to flowers with a wide end, and now, on the contrary, with a narrow one. I think that this is due to the fact that before the leaves “hovered” freely near the flowers, and now in modern painting, the leaves are arranged in groups in the shape of a fan, and this can be done only by greatly thinning one end of the leaf.

It has already been mentioned that it is easier to depict a Gorodets leaf in the form of a pumpkin seed. But I advise you to write a more complex sheet like this: draw a smooth arc with a brush and connect the ends of this arc with a “sinusoid”, making sure that the sheet remains wide at one end (see Fig. 4).