10 examples of professionalisms in Russian. professional words

PROFESSIONALISMS are special words that are used in the field of a wide variety of professions. A significant part of professional words is terminological in nature. In science, art, agriculture, industrial production - everywhere there are terms. For example, mathematical terms: integral, differential, equation, names of trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent, etc.). Musicians naturally use musical terms, for example: fugue, overture, chord, gamma, backart, dominant, minor tone. Professional words are special vocabulary characteristic of a particular profession. .

It is worth dwelling in more detail on what professionalisms are in Russian. Often these words are slang expressions. The informal nature of lexemes suggests that they are not used everywhere. Their use may be limited to a narrow circle of people: belonging to the same specialty, qualifications, working in the same organization. Often the range of concepts becomes wider over time. Practically people of any profession have their own set of professionalisms. This is due to the need to clearly identify all the processes and phenomena in working life, many of which often have no definition. Such words are formed through associations with everyday concepts. Often, for a person who is not versed in the intricacies of a particular profession, confusion may arise when meeting words from professional vocabulary. In real life, they can mean completely different objects.

Problems of professionalism One of the problems is the misunderstanding of professionalism by people who do not belong to a particular type of profession. Many of these expressions are not found in dictionaries. And those that are found in dictionary and terminological publications are hardly distinguished from the terms themselves and vernacular. The inability to find a precise definition of professionalism can cause confusion even among the representatives of the professions themselves. And because of this - errors in work, failures. Information barriers arise when employees and qualified specialists communicate with their management. It is more common for employees to use special expressions in their speech, but their meaning is unfamiliar to many managers. As a result, some isolation of groups of workers at different levels appears, and conflicts may arise.

Professionalisms in the Russian language are little studied, linguists try to avoid this phenomenon. The appearance of such words is spontaneous, and it is difficult to find certain boundaries for them and give a clear designation. There are some educational publications in which experts try to give a list of professionalisms. Such dictionaries will help students and pupils in their further work activities: to quickly get up to speed and understand colleagues, not to experience difficulties in oral communication with narrow specialists.

Terms Termin (from lat. terminus - limit, border) - a word or phrase that is the name of a certain concept of some area of ​​science, technology, art, and so on. Terms serve as specializing, restrictive designations characteristic of this sphere of objects, phenomena, their properties and relationships. In contrast to the words of the general vocabulary, which are often polysemantic and carry an emotional coloring, the terms within the scope of application are unambiguous and lack expression. Terms exist within the framework of a certain terminology, that is, they are included in a specific lexical system of a language, but only through a specific terminological system. Unlike common language words, terms are not related to context. Within the framework of this system of concepts, the term should ideally be unambiguous, systematic, stylistically neutral (for example, “phoneme”, “sine”, “surplus value”). According to the author of the textbook "Terminology" S. V. Grinev-Grinevich, referring to the opinion of O. S. Akhmanova, the main composition of the terminological list of European languages ​​"may well be exhausted by nouns." Grinev-Grinevich recognizes the existence of an “excellent opinion”, according to which some verbs, as well as adjectives and adverbs, can be attributed to terms, but rejects this point of view as untenable. Hence his refined definition of the term as "a nominative lexical unit (word or phrase) adopted for the exact naming of concepts" . Terms and non-terms (words of the common language) can pass into each other. The terms are subject to the word-formation, grammatical and phonetic rules of the given language, are created by terminology of the words of the national language, borrowing or tracing foreign terminological elements. In some cases, with such an occurrence of a word in the terminology of various subject areas, homonymy arises: for example, the word “ligature” borrowed from Latin (Latin ligatura) in metallurgy has the meaning “alloys for alloying”, in surgery - “a thread used in dressing blood vessels ", in music theory - a grapheme in which several simple "different-height" musical signs were recorded together, as a single sign.

In the psychology of professionalism and professional activity

Professionalism- a special property of people to systematically, efficiently and reliably perform complex ( professional) to operate in a variety of settings.

At the same time, under professional activity refers to complex activities. which appears to man as constituted a way of doing something that has a normatively established character. Professional activity is objectively complex so she difficult for development. requires a long period of theoretical and practical training.

The concept of "professionalism" reflects such a degree of mastery by a person of the psychological structure of professional activity, which corresponds to the standards and objective requirements existing in society. Professionalism is considered as an integral characteristic of a professional person (as an individual, personality, subject of activity and individuality), manifested in activity and communication. The professionalism of a person is not only the achievement of high production indicators by him, but also the features of his professional motivation, the system of his aspirations, value orientations, the meaning of work for the person himself.

Literature

• Klimov E.A. Ways to professionalism (Psychological view). - M.: MPSI; Flinta, 2003. - 320 p.
• Druzhilov S.A. A generalized (integral) approach to ensuring the formation of a person's professionalism // PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH: electron. scientific magazine 2012. No. 1 (21). – URL: http://www.psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2012n1-21/621-druzhilov21.html .
• Druzhilov S.A. Psychology of professionalism. Engineering-psychological approach. - Kharkov: Publishing House "Humanitarian Center", 2011. - 296 p.
• Sukhodolsky GV Fundamentals of the psychological theory of activity. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Izd-vo LKI, 2008. - 168 p.

In linguistics

Professionalisms- words and expressions characteristic of the speech of representatives of a particular profession or field of activity, penetrating into general literary use (mainly in oral speech) and usually acting as colloquial, emotionally colored equivalents of terms.

Professionalisms are words or expressions characteristic of the speech of a particular professional group. Professionalisms usually act as colloquial equivalents of terms corresponding in meaning: a typo in the speech of newspapermen is a blunder; the steering wheel in the speech of drivers is a steering wheel; the synchrophasotron in the speech of physicists is a saucepan, etc. The terms are the legalized names of any special concepts, professionalisms are used as their unofficial substitutes only in the speech of persons related by profession, limited to a special topic. Often professionalisms have a local, local character. There is, however, a point of view according to which professionalism is a synonym for the concept of "term". According to some researchers, professionalism is a “semi-official” name for a concept that is limited in use - the vocabulary of hunters, fishermen, etc.

By origin, professionalism, as a rule, is the result of a metaphorical transfer of the meanings of everyday vocabulary words to terminological concepts: by similarity, for example, the form of a detail and everyday reality, the nature of the production process and a well-known action, or, finally, by emotional association.

Professionalisms are always expressive and are opposed to the precision and stylistic neutrality of terms. However, they should not be confused with terms that are expressive in origin, for example: a dirty boiler - in the production of sugar (food industry); such a term is the only option for defining the concept, and professionalism is always a synonym, a substitute for the main designation.

Professionalisms are similar to jargon and words of vernacular vocabulary in terms of reduced, rough expression, and also in that they, like jargon and vernacular, are not an independent language subsystem with their own grammatical features, but a kind of lexical complex, relatively limited in quantitative terms. Due to the expressiveness inherent in professionalism, they relatively easily pass into vernacular, as well as into the colloquial speech of the literary language, for example: overlay - “error” (from acting speech), janitor - “car windshield wiper” (from the speech of motorists).

Like terms, professionalisms are used in the language of fiction as a means of representation.

Literature

• Linguistics. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. V. N. Yartseva. - 2nd ed. -M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia", 1998. - 685 p.: ill.

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See what "Professionalism" is in other dictionaries:

Mastery, expression Dictionary of Russian synonyms. professionalism noun, number of synonyms: 5 expression (38) ... Synonym dictionary

professionalism- a, m. professionnalisme m. 1. Occupation than l. as a profession; professionalization. ALS 1. That's why it seems to me extremely strange the habit of looking somewhat contemptuously at professionalism in sports, and the constant resulting from it ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

PROFESSIONALISM, husband. 1. Good command of your profession. High p. 2. In linguistics: a word or expression characteristic of professional speech and used in general literary language. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

English professionalism; German professionalism. The degree to which an individual has mastered professional skills. Antinazi. Encyclopedia of Sociology, 2009 ... Encyclopedia of Sociology

High skill, deep mastery of the profession, high-quality, professional performance. Raizberg B.A., Lozovsky L.Sh., Starodubtseva E.B. Modern economic dictionary. 2nd ed., rev. M .: INFRA M. 479 s .. 1999 ... Economic dictionary

professionalism- a, m. 1) Occupation than l. like a profession. Club amateurism among some of its most gifted figures gradually develops into professionalism (Gorin Goryainov). 2) Professional skill, the degree of skill inherent in a professional. Tall… … Popular dictionary of the Russian language

PROFESSIONALISM- high readiness to fulfill the tasks of professional activity. Professionalism makes it possible to achieve significant qualitative and quantitative results of labor with less physical and mental effort on the basis of ... ... Dictionary of Career Guidance and Psychological Support

professionalism- high professionalism … Dictionary of Russian Idioms

PROFESSIONALISM- high skill, deep mastery of the profession, high-quality, professional performance, acquired in the course of educational and practical activities. The professionalism of the worker is manifested in the combination of a whole complex in one profession ... ... Professional education. Dictionary

professionalism- profesionalizmas statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Nuodugnus profesijos išmanymas; profesinis meistriskumas. kilme plg. profession atitikmenys: engl. professional skill vok. Berufskönnen, n rus. professionalism … Sporto terminų žodynas

Books

• The professionalism of the teacher. Success and career, Gluzman Nelya Anatolyevna, Gorbunova Natalya Vladimirovna. The monograph substantiates the theoretical and methodological foundations of a teacher's professionalism. The essence, content and structure of the concept of "professionalism of a teacher" and the specifics of its formation are revealed ...

Please name the words professionalism and their meaning and who uses them? and got the best answer

Answer from Daria Aleksandrova (Stepanova)[guru]

for example:

glavrezh - chief director;








Examples:









A source:

Answer from stranger[guru]

Answer from Camilla Sycheva[newbie]
Professionalisms - colloquial synonyms of terms accepted in the professional group:
for example: Steering wheel - steering wheel (in the speech of drivers), Typo - blunder (among newspapermen), etc.
Professionalisms serve to designate various production processes, tools of production, raw materials, products obtained, etc.
Unlike terms, which are the official names of special concepts, professionalisms are perceived as "semi-official" words that do not have a strict character.

Answer from Akemi Hirano[newbie]
Professionalisms are words and phrases associated with the production activities of people of a certain profession or field of activity. Unlike terms, professionalisms are usually a specialized part of the colloquial vocabulary, and not a literary one.
Many professionalisms are based on some kind of vivid figurative representation of the named object, and it is often random or arbitrary. Examples of such expressive words are paws and Christmas trees (the names of the types of quotes in the professional environment of printers and proofreaders); give a goat (for pilots, this means ‘landing the plane hard’, i.e. landing so that the plane bounces on the ground); nedomaz and overmaz (in the speech of pilots, these words mean, respectively, undershoot and overshoot of the landing mark); skinner (among kayakers, this is the name given to the shallow and rocky section of the river). With their expressiveness, professionalisms are opposed to terms as precise and mostly stylistically neutral words. Some linguists believe that professional vocabulary is "semi-official" compared to terminology: they are unofficial synonyms for official scientific names.

Answer from Ivan Kosatukhin[newbie]
PROFESSIONALISMS, words and expressions characteristic of the speech of any professional group
for example:
"to the mountain", "storming" (in the speech of the miners)
glavrezh - chief director;
overlay - "mistake" (from acting speech),
jamb - "error" - (from the speech of engineers),
janitor - "car windshield wiper"; bagel - steering wheel (from the speech of motorists). .
Professional vocabulary also includes words and expressions used in various areas of production, techniques that, however, have not become common.
Professionalisms function mainly in oral speech as "semi-official" words that do not have a strictly scientific character. Professionalisms serve to designate various production processes, tools of production, raw materials, manufactured products, etc.
Professionalisms can be grouped according to the sphere of their use: in the speech of athletes, miners, doctors, hunters, fishermen, etc. Technicisms are distinguished into a special group - highly specialized names used in the field of technology.
Professionalisms, in contrast to their commonly used equivalents, serve to distinguish between close concepts used in a certain type of human activity. Due to this, professional vocabulary is indispensable for concise and accurate expression of thoughts in special texts intended for a trained reader.
Professional jargon words, which have a reduced expressive coloring, stand out in particular.
Examples:
for journalists - a snowdrop - "a person working in a newspaper as a correspondent, but enlisted in the states in a different specialty"; how to call? - "how to title (article, essay)?"; italicize (in italics).
In the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, a specialist who selects illustrations is called a bild editor. Bild editor is a term. However, in a real production process, it is most often called a build for short - this is professionalism, professional jargon. Bild trampled down all the photos on the layout - no doubt, professionalism is used in this sentence, but not terms.
in the colloquial speech of builders and repairmen, the professional name of capital repairs is used; specialists who build and maintain computer systems in firms are system administrators.
The following professionalisms are used in the speech of printers:
the ending is a graphic decoration at the end of the book, a clogged font is worn out, a developed font with outdated linotype printing, etc.
Journalists call the preparation of the future text, the draft, a fish or a dog.
Engineers jokingly call the self-recording device a snitch.
In the speech of pilots, there are the words nedomaz, peremaz, meaning undershoot and flight of the landing mark, as well as: bubble, sausage - a balloon-probe, give a goat - land the plane hard, as a result of which it bounces after touching the ground, etc.
Many of these professionalisms have an evaluative or understated tone. On fishing boats, workers who gut the fish (usually by hand) are called skers. Bankers in a conversation with each other instead of the term car loans will use the word auto loans, officials call the housing and communal services a communal apartment, and the social sphere - a social network, etc.

Professionalisms

words or expressions characteristic of the speech of a particular professional group. They are used to recreate the appropriate color, for the speech characteristics of the characters.

Example:

bottle (in the speech of sailors - half an hour)

thick dog (in the speech of dog breeders - the name of the quality of the dog)

basement (in the speech of printers - an article occupying the bottom of a newspaper page)

"Professionalisms are a circle of conditional expressions of some profession that have limited application. Inappropriate, unmotivated use of them can reduce the artistic merit of the text" (LI Timofeev).

Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism. From allegory to iambic. - M.: Flinta, Nauka. N.Yu. Rusova. 2004

See what "professionalism" is in other dictionaries:

PROFESSIONALISMS- words and expressions characteristic of the speech of any professional group (for example, on the mountain in the speech of miners) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Professionalisms- Professionalisms of words and expressions characteristic of the speech of representatives of a particular profession or field of activity, penetrating into general literary use (mainly in oral speech) and usually acting as vernacular, emotionally ... ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

professionalism- words and expressions characteristic of the speech of any professional group (for example, "to the mountain" in the speech of miners). * * * PROFESSIONALISMS PROFESSIONALISMS, words and expressions characteristic of the speech of any professional group (for example, “to the mountain” in ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Professionalisms- words or expressions characteristic of the speech of a particular prof. groups. P., along with terms and nomens, constitute the category of special vocabulary. P. colloquial words, stylistically reduced, mainly denote concepts related to labor processes ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

professionalism- a category of words representing specific terminology in the "natural" speech of representatives of a certain profession. Creating artistic images of these people, writers turn to this type of "passive" vocabulary in order to give their speeches ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

professionalism- words and expressions that are characteristic of the speech of people of various professions and serve various areas of professional activity, but have not become commonly used. P., unlike terms, are considered semi-official words (lexemes), not ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

Professionalisms- words and expressions characteristic of the speech of any professional group (for example, among investigators, operatives, “split” to induce confession, “confessions”). Used in author's expertise ... Forensic Encyclopedia- PROFESSIONALISMS, words or expressions used in a particular professional environment. Together with terms and professional jargon (cf. Jargon) they are included in the layer of special vocabulary. Between these three varieties of special vocabulary ... ... Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary

Explanatory Translation Dictionary

Professionalism

a word or expression characteristic of the speech of a particular professional group.

Modern economic dictionary. 1999

PROFESSIONALISM

Dictionary of economic terms

Professionalism

high skill, deep mastery of the profession, high-quality, professional performance.

Gasparov. Entries and extracts

Professionalism

♦ "Professional beauty", I would like to say about S. Andronikova or Glebova-Sudeikina. And about Voznesensky: professionally young.

Dictionary of Efremova

Professionalism

1. m.
   1. Occupation of smth. as a profession; professionalization.
   2. Professional skill.
2. m. A word or figure of speech characteristic of some kind of people. professions (in linguistics).

Ozhegov's dictionary

PROFESSIONAL AND ZM, but, m.

1. Good command of your profession. high p.

2. In linguistics: a word or expression characteristic of professional speech and used in general literary language.

Dictionary of linguistic terms

Professionalism

A word or expression characteristic of the speech of a particular professional group. You-. give to the mountain (in the speech of miners: from the mine to the surface of the earth). Anteater, fescue, vulture (in the speech of hunters: the names of the brown bear varieties). Flask (in the speech of sailors: half an hour). Gustopsovy, bridle, vyzhlyatnik (in the speech of dog breeders: the names of the qualities and properties of dogs). Basement (in the speech of printers! an article occupying the bottom of a newspaper page).

Dictionary of sociolinguistic terms

Professionalism

(Professional jargon)

A word or expression characteristic of the speech of representatives of a particular profession or field of activity and usually acting as colloquial (sometimes emotionally colored) equivalents of terms. For example, cut down"turn off" (from the speech of electrical engineers), bully"close tightly" (from the speech of sailors), ant, oatmeal, vulture(names of varieties of brown bear in the speech of hunters). s, characteristic of representatives of popular (“fashionable”) professions, often penetrate into the general literary language. For example, in modern Russian, words and expressions from the jargon of computer scientists are very common: hang up etc.

♦ social dialect

See also:, Professional vocabulary,

Sentences with "professionalism"

All these activities, thanks to the high professionalism specialists in synchronized swimming working in the federation: I. P. Kartashov, V. S. Nemogaeva, T. B. Galkova, K. A. Suvorov, are held at the highest level, which has been repeatedly noted by international sports federations and the country's sports authorities.

I really appreciate professionals and professionalism, but this does not always coincide with what I call intellectuals and intelligence.

Not a contractor determines professionalism army and navy, and a military educator and scientist.

Goose step, the same military uniform, iron discipline, strict observance of the hierarchy, caste and professionalism.

The wealthy consider quality and continuing education and professionalism the most important success factors and status signs of wealth.

I am talking to you now as an accredited journalist and rely on your professionalism.