Building a house from foam blocks with your own hands. Foam block houses: projects and construction

Low-rise construction using foam concrete blocks is very popular today. This building material has a lot of characteristics that make one-story houses made of foam blocks quite profitable in many ways. Among which it is impossible not to note the speed of construction of the building, as well as the relative cheapness.

The choice of material for the construction of one-story houses from foam blocks

Foam concrete has good heat and sound insulation properties, and the relatively large size and low weight of the blocks can significantly increase the speed of construction.

In terms of volume, one foam block is on average equal to eighteen bricks, which gives significant savings in time and money spent on building a building, and also allows you to complete this process on your own. Foam blocks are easy to process, they can be cut with an ordinary hacksaw and it is easy to screw self-tapping screws into them, which are firmly fixed in this material.

To build a house, you should choose foam blocks with a homogeneous structure, without defects and oil stains on the surface. When selecting a material, it is necessary to strictly take into account its operational requirements:

• Blocks for internal partitions must be brand D100-D400 and dimensions 100x300x600
• Blocks for bearing walls - brand D600-D1000 and dimensions 200x300x600
• For exterior walls in cold regions, it is recommended to use D600-D900 structural and heat-insulating blocks, which can bear heavy loads and effectively resist wall cooling.

Calculation and laying the foundation

In most cases of low-rise construction, it is customary to use strip reinforced concrete, which can provide reliable support even for heavy buildings with several floors. This margin of safety is excessive for foam block houses and requires unreasonably high costs. Therefore, you need to move away from the standards and choose a less expensive type of foundation.

If construction is carried out on wetlands or on very wet ground, then it is advisable to use a slab concrete base. Such a foundation will protect the structure from the harmful effects of seasonal soil movements caused by freezing or thawing. However, this foundation is also very expensive.

The most rational choice for a one-story foam block house would be a foundation built using pile-column technology. It has high reliability and is the most affordable.

The technique for manufacturing a pile-column foundation is based on the general principles of these technologies and is as follows:

1. Prepare the site for the construction of the house, clean it and level the surface
2. Carry out the marking of places for the installation of pillars (piles) in compliance with two mandatory conditions:
3. They should be located at all intersections of walls
4. Under the walls, the distance between the supports should be at least 2 meters
5. Screw piles are screwed in marked places or dig holes for pouring reinforced concrete pillars 1-2.5 m deep (depending on the climatic zone)
6. Perform the pouring of piles and a binding reinforced concrete grillage, along which the walls will be laid out

The instructions for the manufacture of pile foundations indicate that such a foundation perfectly withstands not only the loads exerted by light one-story buildings, but also reliably resists the seasonal movement of soils.

Walling

Some experts recommend starting laying walls at the highest point of the foundation, since it is rare to create it perfectly even, and in this case it will be possible to gradually level the horizontal plane of the rows with a mortar. However, it is not recommended to abuse this fitting method, since the characteristics of a foam block house largely depend on the thickness of the connecting seams: the thinner they are, the stronger the building, less heat loss and lower construction costs.

The erection of walls is carried out in the following order:

1. A waterproofing layer is being laid, which will prevent the moisture rising from the ground from contacting the foam blocks and spreading it along the walls. To do this, a thin layer of cement mortar is laid over the entire area of ​​​​the leveled foundation and roofing material is laid on it. Sheets are overlapped by at least 100 mm
2. Start laying from the corner. The first corner stone is oriented exactly horizontally on all sides, using a level and a rubber mallet to ensure perfectly even walls.
3. Line up the corners to a height of about 5 blocks, and then lay the remaining space between them
4. Having finished laying the first row and aligning it with the horizon as accurately as possible, they carry out the laying of load-bearing and internal walls in accordance with the project and taking into account the location of door and window openings, communication lines, etc. For laying communications in the blocks, recesses or holes are made. Since briquettes are easy to process, it will not be difficult to do this.

Before covering the foam concrete house with a roof, it is necessary to “tie” the walls with a reinforced concrete reinforcing belt. It will connect the upper part of the walls into a monolith and prevent them from cracking in the event of a subsidence of the foundation. For fixing on the Mauerlat wall, anchor bolts are concreted into the armored belt.

Roof installation

When the concrete gains strength, proceed to the arrangement of the roof:

• Along the perimeter of the bearing walls, a Mauerlat is installed on the anchors
• Assemble the roof truss system by constructing inclined rafters. Rafter legs cut Mauerlat
• A wooden crate is attached to the rafters
• They equip all the elements of the roofing pie, the design of which directly depends on the chosen coating:
• OSB boards are laid on the crate to create a base without slots and openings
• Under slate, corrugated board, nothing is required, except for the crate, the elements of which are located at a distance of 0.3-0.5 meters, depending on the type of roofing material

For one-story houses made of foam blocks, the shape and number of slopes does not really matter, so the type of roof can be chosen at your discretion.

The roof should also be lightweight. As a roof, corrugated board, which is described in. The lower the weight of the roof, the better.

Finishing of houses from foam concrete

Foam concrete is a breathable material with good vapor permeability. But because of the large porosity, it is very hygroscopic, so foam concrete requires protection from atmospheric moisture. To do this, it is enough to sheathe the walls with plastic siding or veneer with stone. Houses made of foam blocks do not need additional insulation.

Also, one-story houses made of foam concrete can be protected with plaster, for example, of its type as “bark beetle”: it is very durable and creates an attractive appearance of the building. Often, a coat of cement mortar is applied to the surface of foam concrete walls using the "throw" method, which adheres well to the porous material.

A variety of materials and methods can be used to finish the inner surface of walls made of foam blocks. The easiest way to level them is by sticking drywall on a special mixture. You can also apply plastering or sheathing with plastic or wooden clapboard.

In foam concrete walls, strobes are easily made for laying communications, water and heating pipes. If the walls are sheathed with clapboard, then all engineering wiring is hidden in the wall. The walls of the kitchen, bathroom and toilet are recommended to be faced with ceramic tiles, which are securely attached to the wall and provide good protection against moisture.

With proper observance of technologies and recommendations, the construction of a one-story house from foam blocks does not require much physical effort, so all work can be done by one worker. If there is a desire to build your own house with your own hands, then even an inexperienced developer is quite capable of it.

Video about the construction of one-story houses from foam blocks

Step-by-step instructions for building houses from foam blocks

Rafter system of the house from foam blocks

Foam block walls

Do-it-yourself method for building a foam concrete house

Projects of one-story houses from foam blocks and two-story

The construction of houses from foam blocks is developed in many parts of the country. Such a building material has a number of undeniable advantages, but it has some features. All these problems must be considered before building a house from foam blocks.

Walls built from foam blocks have fire safety, high strength and excellent heat and sound insulation.

The use of foam blocks can significantly reduce construction costs. The ease of processing and the speed of their installation incline many to the use of this building material. The question itself, how, is not more difficult than when building walls from other materials.

The choice of foam blocks for construction

Foam blocks are foamed concrete, cut into blocks of the desired size. The basis of the material is a mixture of cement and sand, in which, with the help of a special substance, air pores are formed, evenly distributed throughout the volume. Unlike aerated concrete, where the pores are filled with gas, only air is present in foam concrete, which ensures its environmental friendliness.

When choosing foam blocks, it should be borne in mind that they are available in different sizes and with varying degrees of porosity. The latter characteristic leads to a difference in mechanical strength and thermal insulation properties. An increase in the number of air pores in the thickness of the block leads to a decrease in the specific gravity of the material, a decrease in compressive strength and an increase in thermal insulation parameters.

The brand of the foam block indicates the value of the density that determines the air content; for example, brand D600 - the foam block has a density of 600 kg / m³. By density, it is customary to divide foam blocks into the following types: heat-insulating (up to 500 kg / m³), ​​structural and heat-insulating (500-900 kg / m³) and structural foam blocks (1000-1200 kg / km³). Accordingly, their purpose is also determined - for load-bearing walls it is necessary to use foam blocks not lower than D900, and for partitions D400 is enough.

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Features of the use of foam concrete

The choice of brand of material and the thickness of the wall is determined by the climatic features of the area where the house is being built from foam blocks. External load-bearing walls should be built from structural blocks that have low thermal insulation properties. This requires laying a second layer of thermal insulation blocks. Therefore, in areas with a cold climate, the outer walls should be at least two-layered; at the same time, one layer of blocks can be dispensed with for the south.

Porous concretes have a rather low resistance to alternating and periodic vertical loads. This condition requires the strengthening of areas where such loads are possible. In places of installation of wall ceilings, door and window openings, it is necessary to manufacture reinforcing belts or strong lintels.

The penetration of water into the air pores significantly reduces all the main advantages of foam blocks. This necessitates reliable external waterproofing of the walls. For walls made of foam blocks, external plaster is required with the addition of special waterproofing compounds.

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Step-by-step instructions: building a foundation

For the foundation of a house made of foam blocks, a foundation pit is dug with a depth of 80-170 cm, taking into account the depth of winter freezing of the earth. The dimensions of the pit are selected with a margin of 60-100 cm on each side for the convenience of making the foundation. A pillow under the foundation of sand and fine gravel up to 30 cm thick is filled up and compacted at the bottom of the pit. Then a frame is assembled from reinforcement with a diameter of up to 15 mm. The reinforcing frame of the foundation consists of vertical and horizontal rods. The distance between the vertical bars of the reinforcement is 1-1.5 m. It is advisable to grab the reinforcement by welding.

Then, formwork is assembled on both sides of the reinforcing frame for pouring the mortar. The formwork is made of wooden or plywood boards. A distance of 30-80 cm is set between the formwork panels, depending on the thickness of the wall. The height of the formwork is at least 70 cm. The side panels of the formwork must be parallel to each other, and fastened with jumpers in the upper part.

For pouring the foundation, a concrete mortar is used, mixed in the proportion: 1 part of M500 cement to 3 parts of sand with fine gravel. The cement-sand mixture is mixed with water to a thick consistency. Filling is done in the following order. A layer of cement mortar is poured onto the sand cushion (cement with sand in a ratio of 1: 4 without adding crushed stone). After that, the main concrete solution is poured.

Filling is carried out in layers (each layer is about a third of the height of the foundation) around the entire perimeter of the house with the obligatory compaction of the mass using a vibrator or a bayonet shovel. The drying time of the foundation is 7-10 days, after which the formwork is dismantled, and the gap between the foundation and the soil is filled with earth. If the reinforcement sticks out of the foundation surface, then it must be cut off.

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Foam block walls

Building a house from foam blocks means, first of all, building walls from this material. The construction of the wall begins with leveling the surface of the foundation. To do this, first, using the level, the horizontalness of the surface is checked. Then the foundation is leveled with cement mortar. 1-2 layers of roofing material are applied over the foundation to ensure waterproofing of the basement layer of the wall. Sheets of roofing material are laid with overlap.

Scheme of laying foam concrete with horizontal diaphragms: A - brick diaphragms; B - diaphragms made of foam concrete and reinforced steel.

Produced on a special glue for foam blocks. It is possible to use cement-sand or cement-sand-lime mortar. A layer of glue is applied to the surface of the previous layer and to the bottom surface of the block. The construction of the wall begins with the laying of corner blocks to a height of 3-5 blocks. The block laying system depends on the thickness of the wall. With a single-layer wall, the blocks are laid in one row with the long side along the wall.

If a two-layer wall is provided, then laying can be carried out in two ways: two identical parallel layers or interlaced laying, when a block is laid transversely through 3-5 longitudinally laid blocks. The binding of the rows should exclude the coincidence of the seams between the blocks in two adjacent rows. This is achieved by the fact that the first row begins with a longitudinally laid block, and the second row - from the end of the block of a perpendicular wall. This ensures the displacement of blocks relative to each other in adjacent rows.

Precise laying of the first row is very important for the quality of the entire wall. To control the masonry line, it is necessary to stretch the cord along the future wall between the corner blocks. When laying the blocks, they are tightly installed on the glue and pressed by hand. If necessary, you can use a mallet with a rubber layer. The horizontality of each layer is checked by a level. The entire thickness of the wall is formed at once. If surface defects are found during the laying of a row, they must be immediately eliminated.

The increase in strength is achieved by reinforcement. Reinforcement is made with reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm. The first laying of reinforcement is carried out on top of the first row of foam blocks. To do this, two parallel channels 40x40 mm in size are cut out on the surface of the blocks in the direction along the wall. Channels are formed around the entire perimeter of the house. Reinforcement is placed in the channels, then the laying of the next row of blocks continues. Reinforcement is laid every 4-5 rows.

Overlapping door and window openings in the wall must be strengthened. To do this, steel corners with a size of at least 80x80 mm are installed above the openings. The corner is installed on both sides of the wall and should exceed the width of the opening by about 60 cm in length. Sometimes a reinforced concrete beam is used.

The top of the wall should end with a reinforcing belt, on which the ceiling will be installed.

Such a belt is usually made of reinforced concrete beams or steel channels.

Reinforcing elements are fixed with anchor bolts.

Currently, the construction of structures from foam blocks is widely used. The use of this material is due to a number of its positive properties. Such a question as the step-by-step construction of a house from foam blocks clarifies many of the nuances of the process.

Foam block technology has made it possible to create a wide range of new building materials. Some of their properties are unique. This allows the material to be used both in the construction of residential buildings and in the construction of various economic and industrial structures. The step-by-step construction of a house from foam blocks takes into account all the features of the material both during the construction of walls and during finishing work.

Material Features

In general, the foam block is a building material based on foam concrete. Foam concrete is obtained by curing an aqueous solution of cement with sand, into which a foam-forming substance (air bubbles) is introduced.

Unlike aerated concrete, air bubbles in the mass of the material are obtained due to mechanical mixing, and not as a result of chemical gas evolution. Air bubbles are evenly distributed throughout the volume of the block. Blocks of the desired size are produced by cutting a solid mass or by molding in molds.

Foam concrete has a number of undeniable advantages over other building materials.

It has high compressive strength, frost resistance, low thermal conductivity, good sound insulation properties, and very high fire resistance.

The material tolerates sudden temperature changes well. It is practically not subject to shrinkage. Its ability to "breathe" is important.

The properties of foam blocks significantly depend on the density of the material, i.e. on the content of air pores. According to the density value, it is customary to distinguish the following types of foam concrete: heat-insulating (density up to 500 kg / m³), ​​structural and heat-insulating (500-900 kg / m³) and structural (1000-1200 kg / m³).

An increase in density leads to an increase in strength, but to a decrease in thermal insulation properties. Foam blocks are also characterized by high manufacturability, which is expressed in the ease of processing and fixing fasteners in them.

During construction, one should take into account the differences in the properties of different brands of foam blocks, as well as choose the optimal block sizes.

So, it is recommended to use foam blocks of brands from D600 to D1000 with a size of 20x30x60 cm for load-bearing walls, and from D100 to D400 up to 10x30x60 cm in size for internal partitions. Foam blocks can be cut with a hacksaw, nails are driven into them and screws are screwed in.

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Features of building a house from foam blocks

A number of advantages and creates some specific features of building a house from foam blocks. The first feature is associated with an alternative choice of foam block brand. You have to choose between increased heat resistance and strength. In temperate climates, the issue is resolved in the direction of increased strength, which allows the use of a single-layer wall of high-density blocks. In cold areas, a two-layer design should be used, where the inner layer is made of a more porous material and serves as a heater.

In general, the walls of a house made of foam blocks have a smaller mass than walls made of other materials. Consequently, the load on the foundation is reduced, it can be done in a lightweight version.

The disadvantages of porous concrete include low resistance to vertical loads. This property makes it necessary to install reinforcing belts or jumpers in the area of ​​such loads.

Building a house from foam blocks is carried out quickly due to the fact that the blocks are much larger than the size of a brick. However, this requires special care and precision when laying the first 2-3 layers of blocks. It is they who ensure the quality of further construction. The laying itself can be done using special glue, which reduces the gaps between the blocks.

The properties of foam blocks deteriorate significantly when moisture penetrates into the air pores. To avoid deterioration of heat resistance, it is necessary to apply external waterproofing. Unprotected foam concrete on the facade can darken under the influence of external factors, which requires the application of plaster with the addition of special compositions for foam blocks. Good breathability in cold winds can noticeably cool the house. To eliminate this effect, it is necessary to use external insulation (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, etc.). This property limits the use if you need to build a bath.

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Detailed step by step instructions

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Preparation for construction

Tools and equipment needed to build a house from foam blocks:

• welding machine;
• Bulgarian;
• electric drill;
• sawmill;
• concrete mixer;
• hammer (sledgehammer);
• screwdriver;
• hacksaw;
• vise;
• Sander;
• chisel;
• bit;
• chisel;
• file;
• pliers;
• ticks;
• shovel;
• roulette;
• plumb;
• level;
• putty knife;
• scissors;
• roulette;
• ruler meter;
• mallet;
• Master OK.

Any construction should begin with the development of a house project and the approval of all necessary documents for the construction. During the construction of a residential building, a project for water supply, sewerage and heating systems must be developed and agreed with the relevant organizations. If necessary, a plan for electricity and gas supply is developed. For yourself, you need to draw up a plan that includes the phased construction of a house, as well as an estimate of costs.

Step number 1 - obtaining the necessary permits for the development of the site. Such a major event as the construction of a house cannot be started without resolving the issue of providing the construction site with water. It is necessary to have a place to store materials and tools. In the absence of a water source, it is possible to drill a well.

Step number 2 - solving the issue of water supply and storage. An important preparatory stage for the construction of a house is the purchase of building materials for the first stages of construction - the construction of a foundation and the beginning of laying a wall of foam blocks. It is not advisable to purchase all building materials, a phased purchase is better.

Step number 3 - the purchase of the first batch of building materials.

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Digging a foundation pit

The construction of the house itself begins with marking and digging a foundation pit. Thus, step number 4 is digging a pit.

The most common type of foundation for a private house, including a house made of foam blocks, is a strip foundation. Under it, the marking of the pit is made.

For a standard foam block house, a foundation pit is dug 80-170 cm deep, depending on the depth of soil freezing in winter. The dimensions of the pit correspond to the dimensions of the house with a margin of 60-100 cm on each side.

The pit is dug manually or with the involvement of an excavator, if possible. The fertile soil extracted from the pit should not be taken far away: it can be useful in the future when arranging the site, garden.

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Building the foundation of a house

The phased construction of a foam concrete house includes step number 5 - the construction of the foundation. The foundation is the basis of any house, which determines the stability and strength of the structure. First, at the bottom of the pit, a pillow is created for the foundation by filling in sand and crushed stone up to 30 cm thick. The pillow is well compacted.

Then the reinforcing frame of the foundation (reinforcement) is assembled. For the manufacture of the frame, steel reinforcement with a diameter of up to 15 mm is used. Vertical rods are installed every 1-1.5 m to the height of the foundation, which are connected by horizontal rods. The connection is made by welding.

Next, a formwork for pouring concrete is installed. It is made of boards or plywood, interconnected in the form of a shield. The distance between the sides of the formwork depends on the thickness of the wall and is usually 30-50 cm, the height is at least 70 cm. The panels are installed so that the reinforcement is inside the foundation pour, and are placed parallel to each other. From above, the side panels of the formwork are connected by wooden lintels.

The foundation is poured with concrete based on M500 cement (one part of cement, three parts of sand, fine gravel). The solution should have a thick consistency. First, a small layer of cement mortar with sand, without crushed stone, is laid on top of the sand cushion. The formwork is then filled with concrete. During the pouring process, it is necessary to compact the concrete with a shovel. Within 7-10 days the foundation dries. After that, the formwork is dismantled. During the drying of the foundation, care should be taken to purchase building material for the construction of walls.

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Features of masonry walls

Step number 6 is very important when building a house - laying walls from foam blocks. This step includes several stages. First of all, the foundation surface is leveled with a layer of cement mortar, and the horizontalness should be checked with a level. A waterproofing layer is laid on top, which is 1-2 layers of roofing material. The sheets are overlapped with an overlap of at least 10 cm.

The next stage is the laying of the first row of foam blocks. is made on a special glue, which is applied with a notched trowel. The laying of the first rows begins with the laying of corner blocks. The corners of the house are formed to a height of 4-5 blocks. Linking blocks in the corner is as follows. The first row of the facade wall begins with laying the block along the foundation, and the second row - from the end of the block of the perpendicular wall. Layering alternates.

Thus, the displacement of blocks relative to each other in adjacent rows is ensured. A twine is stretched between the first corner blocks, and the entire first row is laid out along it. When laying, glue is applied to the surface of the masonry and the bottom of the block. The horizontality of the row is checked by a level, and if necessary, a mallet is used. All irregularities in the blocks should be eliminated immediately.

To strengthen the walls of foam blocks, it is necessary to carry out reinforcement during the masonry process.

After laying the first row, two parallel channels (strobes) about 40x40 mm in size are cut out on its surface in the middle of the block. Reinforcing rods with a diameter of 8 mm are laid in the channel around the entire perimeter of the house. This operation is repeated every 4-5 layers of masonry.

The laying of the walls is carried out taking into account the door and window openings. If necessary, reduce the length of the block, use a grinder or a regular hacksaw. A reinforcing element must be laid above the window and door openings. It is usually made from a steel corner of at least 80x80 mm. The length of the corner must exceed the width of the opening by at least 60 cm. Instead of the corner, you can use a reinforced concrete floor.

A foam block house is a great solution for every developer. Such a structure differs among buildings made of other materials by its relatively low cost, minimum construction time, resistance to decay processes, and also to fire. Block walls are warm and durable. In this article we will tell you how to make a house of foam blocks with your own hands.

Foundation

First of all, a foundation is created that can withstand a foam block house:

1. We make calculations of the width and depth of the formwork system. The width is equal to the cross section of the structure under construction, and the lower point depends on the climatic conditions of the area and the degree of soil freezing. The depth of the foundation must be at least 500 mm.
2. Further, a trench is dug, the depth of which is about two meters.
3. Coarse sand (300 mm) is laid at the bottom of the trench. Then the sand cushion is wetted with water and well compacted.
4. To give precise shapes to the foundation, formwork is placed, and strips of roofing material are fixed.
5. A reinforcing belt of reinforcement is installed along the perimeter of the trench.
6. After that, you can fill the foundation with a special solution (5 parts of crushed stone, sand - 3, and cement - 1).
7. We move the formwork, increasing the construction of the foundation. During pouring, for laying sewers, asbestos pipes are settled in places determined according to the scheme.
8. Every 50 cm, the concrete solution should be compacted.
9. The foundation "ripens" for at least a month. During solidification, cover it from ultraviolet radiation and periodically wet it with water.
10. A moisture-proofing material must be rolled out over the concrete structure.
11. From the outside, a blind area is constructed, its width is from one to two meters, and its height is 150 mm. This is done so that natural precipitation is diverted from the first floor or basement. It must be divided into sections to prevent various deformations or breaks.

Wall masonry

Blocks made of foam concrete are superior to brick in terms of heat saving and sound insulation, but at the same time, jointing of huge sizes between foam blocks reduces these indicators to a minimum, and “thermal gaps” are formed.

During masonry, all building codes for construction must be observed, in other words, reinforcing places under door and window openings, supporting lintels, etc. with fiberglass weaves. Thus, a house made of foam blocks can be insulated.

Very carefully it is necessary to lay the 1st row, checking the verticality and horizontality of the structure with a water level. It is not difficult to correct the unevenness, since the foam blocks lend themselves well to processing - sawing, planing and much more.

To install the reinforcement, holes of 0.3 × 0.3 m are cut out on the surface of the foam block using a circular saw. Then they are filled with a special adhesive solution. In a plank formwork form, a reinforcing screed 0.2 m is made along the top row of blocks.

Externally, glass wool insulation or polystyrene foam 5 cm wide is insulated. This is necessary so that the walls “breathe”. The first row is laid with a cement mortar, the second - with a special glue. The height of the plinth should be 0.4 m.

Further, mineral sheets are fixed outside with plastic anchors. On top of them, wind and waterproof material should be fixed. The facade wall is laid on the cement mortar using the spoon laying principle. In this case, the tychkovy row is placed every four rows of spoons. In order to increase air circulation, it is necessary to separate the front masonry and the main wall with a five-centimeter interval.

With brick cladding, every 5 rows, the facade masonry should be connected with blocks using flexible anchors and fiberglass material (cracks may form when using rigid materials).

For the construction of any structure, heat-efficient blocks can be used, which combine three layers at the same time: expanded clay concrete, expanded polystyrene and concrete. A dye is added from the outside, and the front side resembles the texture and color of any stone or facing material.

Overlappings

The design of the floors is carried out according to a ready-made scheme, which gives an idea of ​​the interaction between the load of the beam, the dimensions of the span and the section of the bars. You can use boards connected with screws. The ends are sawn off at a certain angle - 60 degrees. Then there is an antiseptic treatment and wrapping with bitumen.

Initially, the final beam beams are laid, then the rest. Beams with a size of 200 mm or more are placed on the wall structure. The basement structure should be thermally insulated with a special film and insulation. A metal crate is attached above the bars. Then a mesh of fiberglass and mineral insulation is applied. On the top floor, sheets of plywood and balsam fiber are attached. Finally, we cover the floor with chipboard sheets.

Roof of the house from foam blocks

It is necessary to build a rigid structure, using a bar crate and supplementing it with roof trusses. A certain distance should be adhered to between the rafters - from 600 to 900 mm, the dimensions of the rafters are from 50 to 150 and from 100 to 150 mm. They are installed at an angle of 20 degrees.

Galvanized iron is better suited for a skate, but it also makes a good valley. To continue the "life" of the slate roof, you need to paint it with a water-dispersion coating. In this case, the service life of the roofing material can be increased by 1.5 times.

• Boards are attached at right angles to the rafter legs. Their dimensions are 2.5 × 10 cm and with an interval of 0.2 m.
• Then the corner edges of the slate sheets are cut off. This is done in order to prevent layering at the points of their joining.
• Next, you need to make holes at a distance of 0.1 m from the edge. Please note that the diameter of the hole must be larger than the diameter of the nail.
• With the help of nails with a round cap, slate is attached.
• It is necessary to start nailing the slate from the bottom row. Holes are prepared in advance.

A house made of foam blocks is warm, reliable and stable. In such a building you can live with the same comfort as in a brick one. The building endures the vagaries of the weather and is capable of comfortable living in it.

Video

In this video, you will learn the features of laying foam concrete blocks, and find out how it differs from aerated concrete.

The foam block is considered a light and durable material for building a cottage or house. If you are thinking about how to build housing yourself and want to do everything yourself, but do not dare to start without experience in such work, read the article and watch the video.

Preparation for construction. Selection and purchase of a foam block

Sometimes the construction of housing from a foam block is compared with assembling a designer: a solution is not needed to fasten the material, the blocks themselves are light and voluminous, so things are moving along quite quickly. Despite this, preparatory work is indispensable. They include the development of the project, the study of the site, the collection of the necessary permits. All this is immediately followed by installation and finishing.

Collecting required documents take care of:

• master plan;
• site passport;
• building permits and communications;
• act on the land plot;
• purchase and sale agreement;
• plan-estimate of the house itself.

Before starting construction, it is advisable to study the thematic video in order to present the scope of work. Be sure to explore the geology of the site, find out the wind and snow loads characteristic of this area, the level of groundwater.

It is important to take into account the depth of soil freezing in order to determine the depth of the future foundation. For these tasks, it is better to involve specialized experts.

While creating future home plan you should also consult with experts. Having drawn up a design project and approved it with architects, start purchasing material. Experienced store employees will calculate how much foam block you will need, based on the size of the future home. It is better to make purchases in parts.

Find out what you need foam block quantity you can do it yourself. One way is to sum the area of ​​all the walls and divide it by the area of ​​one face of the block. For example, if the length and width are 1 pc. foam blocks are 60 cm and 30 cm, respectively, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house is 120 sq. m, the calculation looks like this: 120 / (0.3 x 0.6) = 667 pcs. Taking into account marriage and waste, about 800 pieces will be needed.

Foam blocks are transported using wooden pallets. Upon receipt of the batch, make sure it is intact, pay attention to whether there are any cracks or other damage. Check the quality of the foam block by pinching off a small piece and rubbing it with your fingers. If it was possible to grind it easily enough, keep in mind: during production, they saved on cement. The design may be unreliable.

Advice. If the foam block has a non-uniform color, this may also indicate a violation of the manufacturing technology. For example, the products were dried in an accelerated mode.

Building a foundation. Sequencing

For foam block buildings, a strip foundation is usually made, which is a closed loop under all load-bearing walls. First you need to mark the site and designate the places where communications will be laid. Then you should dig a pit with a depth of about 80-170 cm: the level depends on how deep the soil freezes. The length and width of the pit correspond to the dimensions of the future house, only a margin of 0.6-1 m is needed on each side.

Advice. Do not take the excavated soil far away: it can be useful when laying a garden.

At the bottom of the pit, you need to make a “pillow”: pour sand, gravel or crushed stone. The layer thickness is 20-30 cm. It should be compacted. To do this, the "pillow" is filled with water, and after a while it is compacted again. If the site has moist soil, you can lay polyethylene on top.

After that, a frame is assembled, which makes the structure stronger. Steel reinforcement bars are installed vertically to the height of the foundation. The distance is 1-1.5 m. They are connected to each other with horizontal rods, and the entire base is connected by welding. Then formwork is constructed - a temporary wooden flooring in the form of a shield, which is necessary for the correct pouring of concrete.

The height of the formwork should be at least 70 cm. The distance between the two floorings depends on the thickness of the walls and averages 30-50 cm. The panels are installed parallel to each other, and connected from above with wooden jumpers. The reinforcement base should be inside.

It is quite possible to prepare concrete for pouring on your own by mixing cement, sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1: 3: 5. The resulting solution should be thick, take the form of a slide and not spread. The pouring into the formwork is carried out in stages, in the process the concrete is compacted with a shovel so that bubbles do not appear.

Having covered the foundation with a film, you need to wait for it to dry completely. This usually takes up to 4 weeks. After that, the formwork is removed, and waterproofing is made on top of the foundation, lining the entire perimeter, for example, roofing material.

Attention! In the process of drying concrete, it must be carefully protected from sunlight and periodically moistened.

Wall construction. How to make the right laying

If you watch a thematic video for beginners in the construction business, you can see that the masters start building walls from the corners, and first of all they mark the highest of them. To begin with, 4-5 blocks are laid on each corner. After that, the rope is pulled between the resulting posts and the laying of the first row begins. It is made using a cement-sand mortar. In the future, a special adhesive solution is used, the layer thickness is up to 3 mm. For application, it is better to take a notched trowel.

Further construction depends on the first row. To avoid distortion of the structure, you need to constantly check the correctness of the vertical and horizontal lines using a level or level. Each subsequent row should be offset by about half a block relative to the previous one. To do this, either masonry is used along the ring, or they start from the corners, moving towards the center of each wall.

Sometimes a solid foam block needs to be cut so that it fits firmly into the row. For these purposes, a grinder or a hacksaw is suitable. Coat the resulting fragment on both sides with an adhesive solution and place it in the gap. To make it fit tightly, use a rubber mallet. With its help, you can minimize the distance between the blocks, which means preventing the appearance of "cold bridges". The gaps between the foam blocks are covered with a solution.

Between the first and second row, reinforcement (strengthening) of the walls is made. Suitable for these purposes:

• plastic mesh;
• metal grid;
• fittings.

The mesh must be laid on top of a row of foam blocks and filled with adhesive. If using rods (reinforcement), make 2 parallel channels 4 x 4 cm around the entire perimeter of the structure with a wall chaser. The distance to the outer side of the foam block should be at least 6 cm. The resulting channels are cleaned of dust, filled with glue and reinforcement with a diameter of 0.8 cm is placed in them, bending it at the corners.

Attention! Reinforcement should be done every 4-5 rows of masonry.

The construction of walls must be done taking into account openings for doors and windows. A reinforcing element should be placed above them. Most often, this is a steel corner 8 x 8 cm. In this case, the length of the corner should be at least 60 cm greater than the width of the opening. Sometimes reinforced concrete floors are used. At the bottom and top of the windows, a formwork of foam blocks is installed, which is reinforced and poured with concrete.

The final row is laid 2 cm below the intended floor of the house. The resulting gap is covered with plaster. This technique will reduce the load on the internal partitions. Before installing the ceiling around the entire perimeter of the structure, you need to make a reinforcing belt. Its width coincides with the width of the wall, and its height is 10-20 cm. The diameter of the reinforcement, as well as the number of rods, depends on the distance between the bearing walls.

Roof installation. Step-by-step instruction

1. Ceiling formation. For this, wooden beams or special plates are used. They are tied with boards, the thickness of which is about 3 cm.
2. Assembly of the truss structure. It is better to do this on the ground, and then put the finished base on the walls.
3. Finished rafters are sheathed with boards.
4. Roofing material is laid on top of them for waterproofing and mineral wool for thermal insulation.
5. The final covering of the roof - tiles, slate, etc.

Advice. Treat all wooden elements with antiseptics.

Foam block homeowners note: in construction, you can’t do without exterior decoration, for example, siding. If you neglect it, the house will soon lose its attractive appearance. In addition, due to weather changes, the foam block begins to deteriorate faster. Given the cost of finishing, housing can be more expensive than building from other materials. However, due to the relative ease of construction, the environmental friendliness of the foam block and other advantages, these structures are becoming more and more popular both for permanent residence and as an exclusively summer option.

Construction of an ohm from foam blocks: video

How to build a house from foam blocks: photo