Nir on ecology. Research work on ecology on the topic "ecological state of our area"

Oksana Borodina
Research work on environmental education of fourth-grade students "Necessary from unnecessary"

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 1 of Aldan".

Research work on the topic:

Performed: Kalizhnikova Anastasia,

student 4 "G" class.

Supervisor: Borodina O. N. - teacher of primary classes.

Scientists and ecologists constantly scratching their heads, where to put the garbage? But maybe it's worth trying to solve this problem from the other side. Isn't it easier to control what ends up in a landfill than what gets out of a landfill into the environment? Garbage can be imagined not as something unnecessary but as a mixture of various valuable substances and components. Most of the solid household waste can be used to create new original crafts and decor items. Humanity is unlikely to do without landfills for the foreseeable future, but it is in our power to reduce the amount of garbage thrown out. Is everything we throw away trash? Most people do not think at all about what they throw away ... ideal material for creativity. Do not rush to throw out household waste. Get creative and think of uses for them.

Introduction.

Problem research.

Target research.

Tasks research.

Hypothesis.

Stages research.

Description research.

Questionnaire classmates.

Exhibition of children's crafts unnecessary things.

Introduction.

Relevance of the topic: Everyone is worried today environmental ecology. Much of the blame is on the human. He does not think about what will happen to us in a few decades. Taking out the garbage from the apartment, few people think about what happens to it next. Nowadays it has become fashionable to talk about ecology and new ways to use waste. Meanwhile, every day we throw away all kinds of boxes, plastic bottles, jars (tubes) from under creams and shampoo, disposable tableware, old felt-tip pens, newspapers, etc. unnecessary. If you think a little bit, the old, already unnecessary you can not throw things away, but create amazing objects from them, giving a second wind to obsolete products. Therein lies the problem.

Target: show what unnecessary things are real material for creating decor items.

Tasks:

Master the Elements research method;

Conduct a survey.

Show by example works how can you use unnecessary things in order to preserve the environment;

Contribute to the development of creative abilities.

An object research: household waste.

Methods research: research, reference and information, questionnaire survey, creative search.

Practical significance: given work will help to understand that part of the waste can be reused, turning the usual household waste into original decor items.

For research work, I developed an action plan.

Plan:

1) Selection and study of material on this topic.

2) Collection of waste material.

3) Manufacturing works.

4) Writing work and preparation for presentation.

Practical significance work.

As a result of my work and my classmates crafts were created from waste material: toys and pictures from discs, crafts from plastic bottles, flowers from egg packaging, a bath mat from bags, stationery coasters from jars, dolls from pieces of cloth, etc.

Main part.

At the beginning of his research we are familiar with the concept unnecessary things.

Unnecessary things is an ambiguous concept. Many of us have houses that are useless, seemingly unnecessary things, but they can find a second life if they find a new original use and do not throw them away.

To expand on the topic research we used the method work with Internet resources, where they learned that interior items and souvenirs are made from many things. Also in books helped us in our research"Smart Hands", "Making with parents".

Working with encyclopedias, I learned that every year a huge amount of waste leads to the formation of landfills. There may be hazardous and harmful waste for the human body. Treasure can be found in the landfill! This includes wood, mountains of paper, metal, glass, etc. Many wastes can be used in industry.

The problem of where to put the garbage did not arise yesterday. In ancient cities, garbage was dealt with simply - they were thrown onto the pavement, where it calmly accumulated for itself until some significant event, for example, a military parade. The first known law forbidding this practice appeared in 320 BC. e. in Athens, after which a similar experience quickly spread throughout ancient Greece and the Greek colonial cities.

In ancient Rome, homeowners were required to clean the streets around their property. Garbage was dumped into open pits just outside the city walls. With the growth of the population, the city found itself in a ring of garbage heaps; then the first primitive horse-drawn garbage trucks appeared, transporting household waste away from the city. After the fall of Rome, the organized collection and disposal of household waste in the world was forgotten until 1714, when every English city became required to have a municipal garbage collector.

In America, organized waste collection began at the end of the 18th century.

in Boston, New York and Philadelphia. With garbage at that time especially not

stood on ceremony. In Philadelphia, for example, it was simply dumped into the Delaware River downstream of the city. In coastal cities, the dumping of garbage in the ocean and now occurs quite often. But such a method is fundamentally vicious and fraught with

poisoning of aquatic fauna and flora. And largely thanks to the efforts of scientists and environmental organizations such as Greenpeace, the practice has been denounced around the world.

I was interested to know if my classmates household waste. Therefore, I conducted a survey among classmates.

Conducting a survey among 22 students class, we found out that glass jars are left in their families in 14 families (for pickling vegetables and jam, glass bottles are thrown away because there is no glass container collection point in our city. Newspapers and magazines are left in 14 families (just in case, cardboard boxes are reused in 5 families, used plastic bags are left in 2 families, plastic bottles and boxes are left in 12 families (seedlings are planted in them).

Name of MSW Number of families Proposed actions

Glass jars 14 Leave. For conservation.

Glass bottles 22 Throw away. Since there is no glass container collection point.

Newspapers, magazines 14 Leave. Just in case.

Cardboard boxes 5 Leave.

Plastic bags 2 Leave.

Plastic bottles, boxes. 12 Leave. For planting seedlings.

Based on the data given in the table, one can imagine how much garbage is generated annually.

Therefore, we decided to make crafts from things in order to clearly show that many waste can be found in a new original use.

Conclusion.

Having done this work, I can do conclusion: each family has accumulated a lot of old, but still quite good things - clothes, dishes, furniture and others unnecessary items.

But everything can be used. Many things can be upgraded, improved and returned to service, thus giving them a second life.

As a result research work, we came to the conclusion that every person can do a lot to save ecological environmental conditions. To do this, it is necessary to properly dispose of those things that become unnecessary.

Municipal educational institution

"Kuvshinovskaya secondary school No. 2"

Teaching and research environmental project

Ecology of school space

Project type: creative, research

Project Hypothesis : conducting environmental monitoring, analysis of their results, environmental educationall participants in the educational process will contribute to the preservation of their health, improve learning conditions.

Objective of the project: maintaining the health of students, creating favorable conditions for learning.

Tasks:

Educational

expand and deepen students' knowledge about the role of nature in human life;

to acquaint students with the diversity, living conditions of indoor plants, their importance for human health.

developing:

develop the ability to analyze, reason, prove one's opinion;

educational:

to ensure the interconnection of educational and educational processes;

to cultivate a caring attitude towards indoor plants, a sense of belonging, personal responsibility for what is happening around.

to form research skills, the ability to work with various types of information sources;

develop the ability to analyze, select, classify the information received;

develop the ability to creatively apply the acquired knowledge

Predicted results:

The student will know:

the names of indoor plants and the living conditions of these plants at home;

rules for the care of indoor plants;

the effects of natural factors (light, heat, moisture, soil composition) on the vital activity of indoor plants;

The student will be able to:

work with additional literature;

observe and care for indoor plants;

work in a group;

formalize the results of their activities according to the plan.

The student will develop:

curiosity;

independence;

tolerance;

organization.

Formulation of the problem :

Insufficient or incorrect gardening of school classrooms contributes to the creation of unfavorable conditions for learning.

Design :

formation of groups, distribution of tasks, definition of tasks.

Search for information:

study of reference, popular science literature, conducting

monitorings.

intermediate product: consultations, preparation of presentations, preparation of speeches.

Project presentation.

School ecology - this is an activity in the space of school life, consistent with human nature.

School is the place where children spend most of their time, and therefore it must meet certain requirements. If we talk about the ecology of the school, then the main requirement here is the preservation of health.

What are the benefits of indoor plants, and whether they are only beneficial, or do they bloom within the walls of our school solely for beauty.

Taking into account the trend of a sharp decline in the population, the problem of creating and maintaining a healthy society is put forward. This increases the responsibility of the education system not only for the spiritual, but also for the physical development of the new generation, strengthening the health of students, familiarizing them with the value of a healthy lifestyle. The state of health of children, adolescents and young people causes reasonable concern for the whole society as a whole. In this regard, such a direction of work as health protection and the introduction of health-saving teaching technologies becomes the most important for the school and all participants in the educational process.

Indoor plants came to us from distant countries. Decorating our interior, they invite us to escape from the routine whirlwind. The most amazing of them take us on trips, making us forget about the banal everyday life.

Choosing "green friends", we focus on our own aesthetic taste, listen to the advice of relatives and friends. As a rule, everything is limited to this, but in vain, because plants have a number of wonderful properties, the existence of which we do not even suspect! By settling in our house, "green lodgers" contribute tosound absorption, humidify the air, saturate it with oxygen and purify it from harmful impurities. Special biogenic substances secreted by plants increase efficiency, normalize sleep, and increase human adaptive abilities.

"Green friends" bring harmony and tranquility into our lives, next to them we feel a surge of energy and at the same time relax. When choosing plants, many of us do not think about what effect they will have on our health, both physical and psychological. Plants act on us with their aroma, the color of leaves and flowers, and the shape of the crown.

Indoor plants are an obligatory component of the school office. They decorate the room and create comfort. Plants perform various functions, have an aesthetic, psychological impact, improve the air environment. In recent years, another important function of plants has become more and more clear - cleaning the environment from various pollutants. Like a filter, they purify the air from dust and harmful gases.

Plants with volatile properties: increase the amount of oxygen, increase the content of negative light ions. They have a positive effect on respiratory processes, lower blood pressure, increase muscle strength and endurance: tachycardia and arrhythmia decrease; serve as a means of prevention in dystonia and hypertension. - Reduce by 70-80% the number of microorganisms in the air.

Conifers - cryptomeria, cypress, Olsandr cypress, laurel, fortunella, prickly pear cactus. Citrus cactus - prickly pear - reduces the number of mold fungi by 6-7 times, has healing properties (heals wounds). Euphorbia, citrus. With microbes (staphylococcus) "cope" Cissus Hibiscus, cissus, ficus, akalifa, aglaonema. For a therapeutic effect, it is necessary to place one copy of plants per 1 m3 of the room.

Plants that can relieve stress. If possible, it is a good idea to arrange a relaxation room in the school. It is best to plant in it: pelargonium, oregano, myrtle, lemon balm medicinal fragrant geranium (take into account the tendency to an allergic reaction) Plants purify the air not only from bacteria, but also from dust. More than 300 species have such properties. In addition, another 160 species are intended for open ground. These are mainly coniferous plant species. In addition to dust retention, some of them are also capable of absorbing sound, it is useful to plant them in school yards located near roads, and this is important due to the increasing number of vehicles. The air environment contains toxins emanating from synthetic materials used in finishing work.

As part of the program of continuous environmental education and upbringing, it is possible to implement an independent project to study the species composition of indoor plants in the school. This work is accessible and interesting to students.

The purpose of the project is to determine the name of each plant, its family, homeland from reference books; study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants; landscaping of school classrooms.

The project is intended for students in grades 5-9. Depending on the age of the students, the "Indoor Plants at School" project can be divided into several stages, each of which includes both theoretical and practical parts.

5-6 grades

- The study of the species composition of indoor plants in the classrooms of the school.

- School gardening group.

- Messages at biology lessons.

7th grade

- Creation of the map "Map of the world on the window sills of the school (class)".

-"Traveling with Houseplants"

8-9 grades

- The study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants.

- Landscaping of school classrooms, taking into account the air-thermal conditions of detention.

- Speech at the ecological scientific-practical conference.

The work on determining the species composition of plants was divided into two stages.

At the first stage ( 5th grade ) students identify and describe the plants of the base cabinet. For these purposes, special reference literature is used. The most successful in this regard is Hession's reference book "All about indoor plants" (M .: Kladez, 1996).

At the second stage ( 6th grade ), working in groups, students determine and describe the species composition of indoor plants in the classrooms of the school. It should be noted that work in groups, where students jointly perform tasks, contributes to the improvement of communication skills, better assimilation of knowledge and intellectual development of children.

Data on the species composition of plants are placed in a cool corner or on a separate stand. In addition, a plate is placed in a container with plants, where the name, species, and homeland of the plant are indicated. You can also hold a meeting of the school's gardeners, at which they can give recommendations on working with reference books, indicate which plants, depending on the exposure of windows, it is advisable to grow in a particular office. Also important is the connection between the experimental activity of students and the educational process, which is established through the subjects of the natural cycle. So, for example, in the 6th grade biology course, students study the morphology of plants, and the knowledge about plants gained in the process of working on the project not only serves as a good addition, but can also be applied in the geography course, in particular, when studying continents. On the basis of knowledge about the species composition of indoor plants of the school, a map of the vegetation of the world is created, on which the homeland of each plant is indicated.

In this case, theleading education. To prepare such a lesson, the children work through a fairly large amount of literature, both reference and scientific, offered by the teacher or found on their own. Such lessons are undoubtedly more interesting both for the children preparing the material and for the whole class as a whole.

Working on a vegetation map, students learn that the homeland of most of the school's indoor plants is the humid forests of America and Africa, since the humidity and temperature conditions in the school's classrooms are quite consistent with the natural conditions of this natural zone (the ecological state of the school's classrooms is monitored under the guidance of a chemistry teacher). For students, it becomes obvious that in central Russia at the latitude of Moscow, these plants require certain conditions of detention. This applies to moderate watering in winter and abundant in summer, shading plants in the hot season and highlighting in the cold, “wintering” for cacti, etc. The results of the work can be presented in the form of mini abstracts or shown on a stand in the classroom.

The final stage of the second stage project is the presentation of the results of research and practical work. For students in grades 5-7, this is best done in the form of a holiday "Traveling with indoor plants." Leading students, using a world vegetation map, talk about the living conditions of plants found in school.

For students in grades 8-9, the study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants is of particular interest. From reference and popular scientific literature, we learned that the school has plants that determine the sanitary condition of the air in the classrooms, i.e. acting as bioindicators. These include tradescantia, begonia, asparagus, violet. In addition, there are detoxifying plants in the classrooms that can neutralize toxic substances in the air. These are tufted chlorophytum, common myrtle, fern, geranium, Chinese hibiscus, coleus, royal begonia, dracaena, ivy, dieffenbachia, succulent cacti.

As part of the school's greening program, students selected plants for each classroom, taking into account environmental factors.

In addition, we have been working to identify plants with medicinal properties. At school, these plants include: agave, aloe, aspidistra, aucuba, hibiscus, zephyranthes, kalanchoe, saxifrage, passionflower, pelargonium, ivy, sanseviera, thuja, fatsia, ficuses. We presented the results in the form of a catalog "Medicinal plants at school", indicating the species composition, the use of plants at home, and pharmacological properties. For each plant of the healer, an annotation of the therapeutic effect, methods of application has been compiled.

results students presented their project work at the school scientific and practical conference, which was attended by representatives of all classes of middle and high schools. Thus, the achievements of individual groups of schoolchildren become known to almost the entire school and can be claimed by everyone.

The most interesting works were presented at the ecological scientific-practical conference.

I have an idea creating an office of indoor plants. The idea of ​​its creation appeared because the school collected a large number of indoor plants.

Indoor plants are used in the classroom and in extracurricular activities as a demonstration and handout, when conducting observations and setting up simple experiments. Living objects should be unpretentious in maintenance and care. Sanitary and hygienic requirements, lighting standards, safety precautions must be observed. Plants that do not cause allergic reactions are selected.

When selecting plants in the office, it is possible to take into account their use in the classroom and in extracurricular activities, given their role in the design of the office. Plants are placed on racks, mounted in piers or on stands. Two or three large plants create a unique interior.

Work in the mode of project activity becomes a source of creating the necessary equipment for the office. It is necessary to highlight those tasks in which students can take part. Creative in its essence, including research, search, problem situations, project activities fill the life of each office with interesting things.

Analyzing the available resources and opportunities for children, we gave preference to the following types of project activities:

research

applied

informational

Research the project requires a certain work algorithm:

Identification and formulation of the problem;
- formulation of the hypothesis;
- setting goals and objectives;
- action planning;
- data collection, their analysis and synthesis, comparison with known information;
- preparation and writing of the project, its effectiveness;
- defense, presentation of the project.

Applied the project from the very beginning clearly indicates the result of the activities of its participants.

Informational the project is aimed at analyzing and summarizing, for a wide audience, any information.

"Ecology and phytodesign of the school office"

Target: get acquainted with the laws of arranging indoor plants, with the profession of a flower grower-decorator.

Tasks:

1. To study the species composition of indoor plants in the cabinet

2. Establish which indoor plants are most popular in landscaping school premises

3. What requirements are taken into account when breeding plants at school.

Methods:

Observation

Experiment

Practical work

Expected results: acquisition of knowledge, flowers in the school office

We decided to equip our school office and do phytodesign of the office:

Plant it so that it is aesthetically pleasing, comfortable for work; and the conditions for keeping plants were observed.

Using the literature on indoor floriculture, we found that plants belonging to 5 groups are used in indoor landscaping:

Group 1 - decorative and deciduous (palms, ferns, dracaena)

Group 2 - flowering (begonias, cacti, roses)

Group 3 - hanging (chlorophytum, tradescantia)

Group 4 - curly or clinging (ivy, monstera, asparagus)

Group 5 - bulbous or tuberous (cyclomen, gloxinia)

In schools, it is best to grow simple, undemanding plants (Tradescantia, Chlorophytum), blooming easily and profusely, for which care is available to children. Plants that cause irritation of the skin and mucous membranes or have bright fruits are completely excluded.

To make people's lives more beautiful and cleaner, we use plants. But you also need to take care of the flowers. Before breeding plants, you need to find out the basic requirements of each of them for

Humidity

illumination

temperature

Plants need light for normal development. According to the requirement for illumination, all plants can be divided into three groups:

1 group - photophilous

2 group - shade-loving

Group 3 - shade-tolerant

Of no small importance for the development of plants is the air temperature in the room, especially in winter.

Sufficient moisture is necessary for the normal development of plants.

In addition, in the offices it is necessary to increase the number of medicinal indoor plants, such as aloe, kalanchoe. These plants increase immunity, have bactericidal properties. Chlorophytum is the most popular plant in the school. It is said about him: the worse the air for us, the better for him. For landscaping, we recommend light-loving and shade-tolerant plants.

When compiling compositions, the following rules and methods for placing plants should be taken into account. There are several basic techniques for placing indoor plants indoors.

1. A free-standing plant can be evergreen or flowering.

A well-composed composition of several plants pleases the eye and turns the room into an oasis, where beauty and comfort reign, where the harmony of nature and man reigns.

2.Very effective in the interior are climbing plants suspended in a specially made planter.

3. Very beautiful small gardens on the rocks

4. Groups of plants planted together are very effective.

Flowers ennoble our lives, caress the eyes, give people joy, soften morals, bring peace and relaxation. Giving flowers means expressing feelings of love, respect, location, respect. (See presentation).

Additional information on career guidance.

The creation of green interiors is a special area of ​​architecture that requires versatile knowledge and great artistic taste. Therefore, a florist-decorator is working on the creation of the most complex modern projects.

Florist - decorator - an indispensable consultant who will give advice on indoor floriculture in various rooms, in a large and small apartment, in a study room, in a large hall, in recreation. At the same time, he will take into account the influence of plants on human health. In addition, he can make a bouquet or flower arrangement. People of this profession know how to make bouquets not only from fresh flowers, but also from dry or artificial ones. Flower growers work in greenhouses, greenhouses, nurseries and in the open field, in experimental plots, in parks, squares. Flower growers-decorators reveal the beauty of nature to man. Flower growers implement landscaping projects. They participate in the planning of green spaces, make ridges, loosen the soil, and apply fertilizers. To maintain a clear pattern of flower beds and lawns, they are trimmed, thinned, cut off faded inflorescences, and fragile plants are tied to pegs. It is better to choose this profession for people who love nature and have a good aesthetic taste. Aesthetically designed parks, squares, sidewalks are pleasing to the eye and create a festive mood for people. In addition, green spaces play a hygienic and protective role, delay the spread of dust, mitigate noise, and help restore the normal composition of the surrounding air.

Nature is rich in amazing colors. We will definitely meet them at our school.

KSU "Zevakinsky complex comprehensive secondary school - kindergarten"

"Homeless animals"

SECTION “ECOLOGY”

Grigoryan Daniel

3rd grade student

Supervisor:Lyapunova A.V.,

primary school teacher

Shemonaikha, 2015

Introduction .……………………………………………………………………………4

1. Homeless animals …………………………………………………………...6

1.1 Reasons for the appearance of homeless animals ……………………………….6

1.2 Problems related to homeless animals ………………………. 7

1.3 In defense of dogs and cats …………………………………………………...7-8

2. Research on the number of homeless animals in our village………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2.1 Sociological survey of the population…………………………………………9-10

10

3. Results and conclusions about the work done……………………………….12

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….13

References………………………………………………………………14

Application.……………………………………………………………………..15

Feedback from the supervisor………………………………………………….16

abstract

Modern society is so proud of the achievements of science and technology that many people get the impression that animals are useless in practical business life. The following opinion is widespread:
“It was impossible to do without animals in ancient times, but now a dog, especially in the city, is a fun toy, a luxury for people who have extra money ... " Is it so? Is it really time to part with a friend who shared with a person all the hardships of life for thousands of years? In this research work, we will explore this.

Introduction

Relevance and choice of research topic

Every day I see a terrible picture: a lot of dogs and cats that roam the streets of our village, eating on garbage dumps in order to survive. I started having questions:

Where are they from?

What happened to them?

Did they have owners?

Or maybe they were abandoned, or they disappeared?

I feel sorry for the homeless animals thrown out into the street by their former owners. Why do people forget about the loyalty and affection of those they have tamed and indifferently pass by them, pretending not to notice anything.

To answer these questions, I decided to try to find out the reasons for the appearance of homeless animals and try to draw people's attention to this problem.

Moreover, this problem has been relevant for a very long time and is of a global nature. Homeless animals suffer themselves and harm people, and this is a consequence of the irresponsible and indifferent attitude of a person towards them.

Project typology:

Abstract - research;

Interdisciplinary;

Individual;

Medium term.

Purpose of my research: find out the main reasons for the appearance of homeless animals on the streets, involve students and adults in the problem of homeless animals.

Research objectives:

To study the literature and Internet resources on this topic;

To study the state of the problem of homeless animals in our village;

Conduct a survey among students;

Create a campaign leaflet;

Analyze the work done, draw conclusions.

Hypothesis:

If you carry out propaganda work with the population, then you can reduce the number of homeless animals.

1. Homeless animals

Who greets you every day when you leave the house? Whom do we squeamishly push away with our foot, opening the door, and without whom we cannot imagine our life?

Homeless animals are stray dogs, cats or other pets that live in packs and alone on the streets. Homeless animals exist in all cities, villages, settlements. There is no exact data on the number of homeless animals.

1.1 Reasons for the appearance of homeless animals

There are homeless animals all over the world. The source of the appearance of homeless animals are discarded, lost dogs, as well as those that were born on the street, that is, initially homeless. Always and everywhere there are people who first have animals, and then decide that they no longer need them. Cruel, soulless, irresponsible people kick out, throw away, leave a defenseless animal on the street. Sometimes the animal is simply lost or left on the street, as its owner dies, and relatives do not take this animal into their home. Someone, if you're lucky, finds a new owner. But the majority - replenishes the army of homeless animals, dies from cold and disease, under the wheels of cars. Many are caught and destroyed. Not only a dog can get lost, but also a cat, for example, one that can sit for hours on a balcony or by a window. Hundreds of skydiving cats are delivered to veterinary clinics every year. In addition to the injuries, a fall from the window threatens the flyers and the loss of the owner.

1.2 Problems related to stray animals

The problems associated with homeless animals remain relevant, although most people do not pay attention or pretend not to notice them. Even by themselves, street animals are a lot of problems for human society. Let me give you a few examples: let's remember a familiar picture. On the way home, many more than once cautiously walked around packs of angry dogs. True, it cannot be said that anger is caused by unjustified aggression, in most cases it is just a response to the cruel attitude of people towards stray animals. It should also be noted the problem of the spread of dangerous diseases that spread among homeless animals and can be transmitted to people in various ways (with a bite - rabies, with stroking - helminthiases, lichen, etc.). However, even in the very appearance of such a problem, the fault of human society is undeniable. People do not hesitate to get rid of their pets, thereby replenishing the already numerous army of street animals. Unfortunately, this is not the only reason for the growth of their numbers; uncontrolled reproduction leads to the same effect.

1.3 In defense of dogs and cats

I wonder what would have changed if one day we did not see homeless animals on the streets. We are so used to them that we cannot imagine it. Modern society is so proud of the achievements of science and technology that many people get the impression that dogs are useless in practical business life. There is a widespread opinion: “It used to be impossible to do without dogs, but now a dog, especially in the city, is a fun toy, a luxury for people who have extra money.” Is it so? Is it really time to part with a friend who shared with a person all the hardships of life for thousands of years?

On May 9, 2015, our entire country will celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, and the horrors of its events are still alive in people's memory. And in that harsh time, next to the man were his faithful dogs. They walked, or rather, ran into a swift attack, carried fighters, machine guns, and cartridges through the snow. In 1944, there were 60,000 service dogs in our army! They destroyed 300 enemy tanks, discovered 4 million mines, took 680 thousand wounded from the field. Do people really not remember this at all?

But in everyday life, dogs play an important role in human activities. With their phenomenal instincts, they help sappers and geologists, looking for explosives, desert water or minerals. We must not forget about the border service - and today the combat comrades-in-arms of the border guards - dogs - are on patrol. How can one not remember that the first living creature to fly into space was the dog Laika. Dogs are also guides for blind people.

We must not forget about cats, they are no less important for humans. They have a great ability to cheer up, brighten up loneliness, catch mice. Not everyone knows that cats can be in the public service. So, so that the mice do not spoil the priceless collections of the world-famous British Museum, a “cat company” of six cats is enrolled in its staff. Each of them receives a salary. So that no one touches the cats, and all visitors know that cats are employees of the museum, they are given a uniform - a lush yellow bow is tied around their necks.

But most importantly, both dogs and cats give a person fidelity, devotion, friendship and love - nothing irreplaceable feelings.

2. Research on the number of homeless animals in our village.

Studying the state of the problem of homeless animals in our village, I observed the situation on the streets for a certain time. In the course of observations, I identified about 20 individuals of homeless animals. In addition, a sociological survey of teachers and students of the school was conducted.

The registration of homeless animals and a sociological survey of students made it possible to get a general idea of ​​​​this problem in our village:

total population in the village - 1200 people

st. Lenin (meet homeless animals - 8)

st. Quay (meet homeless animals - 3)

st. Chapaeva (meet homeless animals - 2)

st. Construction (meet homeless animals - 7)

2.1 Sociological survey of the population

I conducted a sociological survey of students in our school (see the table of results in Appendix 1)

Analysis of the obtained results allows us to draw the following conclusions.

Most of the students surveyed have a pet, mostly cats, cats, dogs, but there are also ornamental rabbits and turtles. Many would like to have more pets even though they already have a pet. Most children help homeless animals, which is good news. But at the same time, they believe that stray animals are dangerous, and in some cases this is true, because on the way home, many fearfully walked around packs of angry dogs more than once. But they are evil because they have no shelter and food. To the question “Have you ever taken a homeless animal into your home?”, the majority of respondents answered no. Maybe it's time to reconsider this issue, because homeless animals need protection.

And the most important question “How to deal with the problem of homeless animals?” The students suggested possible solutions to the problem. Most responded that it is necessary to open shelters, but this is very rare. They offered to feed them, take them home, some even offer to destroy homeless animals. Unfortunately, little can be done by the forces of schoolchildren. Such a large-scale problem cannot be solved without government intervention. But it is also impossible to watch and do nothing.

2.2 Staging and conducting campaign work "Lend a helping hand"

Do not pass by when you see a puppy with a broken paw, an exhausted kitten. After all, it is you who can become the savior of a little soul! Remember that the huge number of stray dogs and cats is the result of our own monstrous negligence.

Try to help such an animal, find owners for a dog or cat that lives in your yard and which you are not ready to take home with you. You can take a picture of an animal, place a picture on websites, social networks and in the media where animal announcements are published.

If it's a pet that you think is lost, try looking for its owners. Put up ads with a photo at the nearest yards and bus stops.

Do you think that all this is difficult? Still would! But giving real help is always much more difficult than pretending to help. But that's exactly what you need!

In the summer, there were a lot of abandoned kittens on our street. And my parents and I decided to help them. But we understood that the summer would soon end, and the kittens would die in winter. We couldn’t take them for ourselves, since we have an adult cat Ryzhik, whom my dad found last year, he wandered around at their work, dad took pity on him and brought him home. We did our best to place the kittens in caring hands, so that they would find a home, owners who would take care of them. My grandma also adopted kittens from the street and now she has two cute cats.

It is not easy, but we can call at least a few homeless animals domestic, they have found a home and will not die from cold and hunger. The main thing is the desire to help. As the soul becomes warmer when you were able to help someone!

3. Results and conclusions about the work done.

Based on the test results, we made the following conclusion: Most of our classmates have some kind of pet at home. Almost everyone understands that the problem of homeless animals exists and that it must be fought.

But how to fight? Here opinions are divided. Basically, the guys think about shelters, but many of them do not understand that shelters are not intended for permanent residence of homeless animals there, but this is only a temporary shelter for the poor, where they will be washed, treated, fed, and most importantly, they will find an owner.

I offer my vision of solving the problem of homeless animals:

“I believe that the problem should be solved from the very beginning: you need not to throw animals out into the street, before you take them home, think: can you devote enough time to him.

My actions:

Feed and care for homeless animals.

Try to find an owner for a homeless animal.

Tell friends and adults about this problem.

Conclusion

I believe that the purpose of my work has been achieved. I studied the state of the problem of homeless animals in our village, I was able to find out the main reasons for their appearance on the streets. I think I managed to draw the attention of my classmates to the problem of homeless animals.

What has already been done

While doing this research work, I learned a lot of interesting things about both animals and people; analyzed the information received; suggested possible ways to help homeless animals; prepared a presentation; performed in front of classmates.

Prepared an information sheet calling people to responsibility for those who have been tamed (Appendix 2).

They held a drawing competition on the theme "Take care of animals."

Ways of development

In the future, I plan to continue working on this topic together with the teacher and classmates. Unfortunately, little can be done by schoolchildren. But you can't do anything either. Therefore, we decided to prepare and carry out the following activities:

the action “We are responsible for those we have tamed” with the release of information leaflets, which draws the attention of students to the problem of homeless animals;

a series of class hours dedicated to pets and homeless animals;

if possible, provide real assistance to homeless animals;

hold a drawing competition among students on the topic "Looking for the owner!"

List of used literature:

1. Vera Chaplina "Pets" Publisher: Eksmo Moscow 2008.str.208

1. A. de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince", 2007.

http://provinc.sergievsk.ru/poseleniya/suhodol/obshhaya_informacziya

Internet site: http://www.theanimalworld.ru/books/book-3/

Internet site: http://ru.vlab.wikia.com/wiki/Homeless_animals

Arrangement of stray dogs. Balaganov A. www.forumbusiness.net

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelter_for_homeless_animals

http://priut-info.blogspot.com/search/label/

Appendix 1

The total number of respondents was 58 people.

Questionnaire "Homeless animals - a problem for everyone"

	Do you have a pet?
	Would you like to have a pet?
	Is there a problem of homeless animals?
	How do you feel about homeless animals?
	do not notice
	I have a negative attitude
	Do you agree that homeless animals can be dangerous?
	find it difficult to answer
	Have you ever taken a homeless animal into your home?
	How to deal with the problem of homeless animals?
	need to open shelters
	feed
	take over
	destruction
	Where do you most often meet homeless animals?
	trash can

Feedback from the supervisor

Daniil decided to find out the main reasons for the appearance of homeless animals on the streets, to involve students and adults in the problem of homeless animals. We studied the literature and Internet resources on this topic,

studied the state of the problem of homeless animals in our village, conducted a survey among students; shared the information received with classmates; created a campaign leaflet; after analyzing the work done, made conclusions.

This work is useful so that all people on earth take care and protect animals, where the number of homeless animals has been declining.

The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that these works can be of interest to any person, as well as when studying the topic "Animal Protection" in the lessons of knowledge of the world.

Annex 2

Their trouble is our fault. They come into this world to teach us how to love.

Today, thousands of pets die in agony, from pain and suffering, falling into the territory of human nature, where ruthlessness, indifference, and anger are sown. They are killed, maimed, thrown away like a boring toy and they die without tears, and what is most surprising, they go to another world with love for a person.

If you decide to have a pet, you need to know the following:

Animal care note

Define and equip a corner for your pet;

Feed your pet at least 2 times a day;

Walk with him at least 2 times a day;

Take him to the vet once a month for a check-up;

Don't forget about vaccinations;

Once a week my pet special means.

Caress him, play with him.

Love your pet, be his friend.

The life of pets is unsteady, they are not able to defend themselves from the cruelty that is sometimes carried by the ruler of this world - man.

MUNICIPAL BUDGET GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

PRIMARY SCHOOL No. 13

Zheleznodorozhny Urban District, Moscow Region

__________________________________________________________________

st. Novaya, 34 8-495-527-55-37

ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT

"LET'S SAVE NATURE TOGETHER"

Nomination "Global Ecology"

Ganina Natalia

4th grade students

MBOU NSh №13

Project Manager:

Anisimova Valentina Alekseevna

(social teacher)

Zheleznodorozhny

2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction.

Forest areas.

Animal world.

Air space.

Water.

The soil.

Conclusion.

Bibliography.

Introduction

Relevance of the problem

More and more often we hear and pronounce the word "ecology". Science is complex, important and necessary. Science is up to date. Ecology is the science of relationships in nature, the relationship of man to the environment. The riches of the Earth are exhausted faster than they are restored.

Natural resources, which we had not so long ago in abundance, are being depleted. Nature cannot heal its wounds indefinitely. It is possible that in recent weeks another mammal, another bird or another plant has disappeared from the face of the Earth. Let's remember that each animal or plant is unique.

Objective of the project:

Attracting the attention of others to an environmental problem;

Expanding horizons in the system of environmental knowledge and ideas (intellectual development);

Development of aesthetic feelings (the ability to see and feel the beauty of nature, to admire it, the desire to preserve it);

Project objectives:

Learn to observe objects of animate and inanimate nature.

Develop the ability to draw conclusions by establishing causal relationships between objects of nature.

Develop skills for environmentally friendly behavior in nature;

To cultivate a sense of empathy and a desire to help needy objects of nature: plants, insects, animals, birds, humans.

Implementation stages

Preparatory stage

Setting goals and objectives, determining directions, objects and methods.

Research phase

Search for answers to the questions posed in different ways.

Generalizing

Summarizing the results of the work in a variety of forms, analyzing them, consolidating the knowledge gained, formulating conclusions and, if possible, drawing up recommendations.

Project result

Ecological culture is understood as a holistic system that includes a number of elements:
- system of ecological knowledge;
- a culture of feelings (sympathy, empathy, a sense of patriotism);

A culture of environmentally educated behavior.

As a result of work on the project, we expect:

raising environmental and cultural awareness;

acquiring the skills to pose and solve problems, anticipate situations, make informed conclusions about the state of the environment;

making a feasible contribution by each person to the protection of the environment.

woodlands

Russia is one of the leading countries in the world in terms of forest reserves. The forest fund area in the Russian Federation exceeds 1,180 million hectares.

Do you know?

Forests play an important role in water purification. The fact is that the root system of trees forms such soil conditions that purify groundwater, making it truly pure and natural. Taking care of trees means taking care of water for our descendants. And one of the goals of the "Springs of Russia" is just a manifestation of concern for future generations of Russians.

The role of forests in the natural complex and economic activity cannot be overestimated. Over the past 20-25 years, the state of forest resources has been continuously deteriorating, and the situation with forest use has become aggravated. Representatives of the authorities are doing everything to preserve and increase the region's forests. But malicious violators destroy trees.

Each of us can contribute to the conservation of trees.

So, in October, the contest “Let's save nature together!” was held at our school, students, teachers and parents planted trees. Interesting and helpful.

Animal world

The role of animals in the biosphere and human life is extremely great.

In itself, the diversity of animal species is beneficial to humans. They serve as sources of nutrition, technical and medicinal raw materials, keepers of the genetic fund for improving the breeds of domestic animals.

From year to year, scientists record a decrease in the number and extinction of animals for the following reasons:

Habitat disturbance;

Overexploitation, fishing in prohibited areas;

Direct destruction in order to protect products;

Accidental (unintentional) destruction;

Environmental pollution.

The protection of animals is, first of all, the protection of their habitats.

My call: do not destroy the nests of birds, do not pollute nature, treat it with care!

Water

Water is a constant, inseparable companion of a person throughout his life. It is more valuable than oil, gas, coal, iron, because water is indispensable. It plays a decisive role in a person's life.

"Water! You have no taste, no color, no smell, you cannot be described, you are enjoyed without believing that you are. It cannot be said that you are necessary for life, you are life itself. You fill us with joy that cannot be explained by our feelings, with you the forces that we have already said goodbye return to us. You are the greatest wealth in the world!”

(Antoine de Saint-Exupery).

We, people, do not perceive this value: the waters of rivers, lakes, seas and oceans are polluted every day. Unscrupulous businesses dump their waste into the water. It is necessary to strictly control their work in the field of environmental protection!

Many years ago, Cook (a navigator) found lumps of fuel oil in the ocean, the largest were the size of potatoes! But what about the inhabitants of the reservoirs? They get a lot too!

Each of us can make a contribution to environmental protection - do not throw garbage! Especially near the water!

The soil

You know that the Moscow region has a number of minerals. In the first place among them in terms of reserves and use is peat, there are also various clays, there are many limestone deposits in the Moscow region, there is brown coal, iron ore.

So, we see that although the land of Moscow is not very rich in minerals and ores, there is also material in its depths for construction and crafts, and even for decoration. We just need to take care of nature.

The soil is being destroyed due to improper mining, fertilizer application, water and air pollution.

Soil protection is the most acute global problem of today.

Air space

Our planet is shrouded in a continuous thick layer of the atmosphere, which consists of a mixture of gases, water vapor, moisture drops, ice crystals. The thickness of the atmosphere is approximately 20 thousand kilometers.

The atmosphere is the "clothes" for our planet. It protects the Earth from overheating and cooling, protects all living things.

90% of air pollutants come from fuel combustion in power plants, factories (smoke emissions) and car engines.

Air pollution has a harmful effect on living organisms.

In an attempt to solve this problem, people install filters in factories, invent gas-powered cars, and plant trees.

Each of us can contribute, for example, by planting a tree. Tree leaves purify the air.

Conclusion

Planet Earth is a common home for all people. Only prudent management and reasonable use of its wealth can ensure the well-being and safety of the inhabitants of our planet!

"LET'S SAVE NATURE TOGETHER!".

Bibliography

For students

Big encyclopedia of the animal world. M.: CJSC "ROSMEN-PRESS", 2007.


I know the world: Children's Encyclopedia: Plants./Comp. L.A. Bagrova - M.: TKO "AST", 1995.


I know the world: Children's Encyclopedia: Animals./Comp. ETC. Lyakhov-M.: TKO "AST", 1999