Ladders with their own hands to the second floor. Varieties of modern stairs for a country house: standards and an individual project Interesting stairs to the second floor

The construction of two-story houses is more preferable in conditions of a small area of ​​land. During construction, some building materials are saved, and the functionality of such buildings is much higher. A very important point in is the drawing up of a plan and the designation of stairs on it, without which existence in the house would be meaningless.

The project of a two-story cottage with the original location of the stairs

It must be understood that the smaller the opening, the steeper the ladder should be placed. Steep structures, as a rule, are installed in summer cottages, where traffic from floor to floor is not too intense, but for residential buildings such stairs can cause discomfort to residents.

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Varieties of stairs

By design, the following types of stairs are distinguished:

• Marching straight lines;
• Marching with a turn;
• Screw;
• Curvilinear.

Let's consider each type in more detail and find out their functional features.

Marching stairs

Scheme of the device of the flight ladder

These stairs leading to the second floor are the most common and familiar in our opinion, however, they require the most usable area in the house. If, during the design, the flight of stairs is too long, then the plan and the designation on it of the stairs are divided into several parts, and at the same time it is converted into a turning one.

Turning stairs are divided into L-shaped and U-shaped. In the first case, the turn between marches will be a right angle, and in the second case - 180 degrees. To make the stairs more compact, the space between the flights is equipped with a step, which slightly reduces the comfort when moving. You should choose a specific option, taking into account the plan of the house and its design features.

Device of a spiral staircase

Such stairs are considered the most compact, and can be made from both wood and metal.

Existing types and types of stairs

Spiral marches allow such stairs to be placed literally on several square meters. In addition, the device of the spiral staircase looks very attractive and gives the interior a special look. Among the shortcomings, some difficulties in operation can be noted due to the fact that the steps are running.

When creating a plan for a spiral staircase, it should be understood that it will not be possible to transport bulky cargo to the second floor along it, and also that you cannot equip the place under it in a useful way.

In relation to residential private houses, the design of a spiral staircase is rarely used. Much more often, it is erected as an interior decoration or another place for transporting people to the upper level. It is also worth noting that with the help of a screw structure, houses for temporary stay are also equipped.

If there is more than one floor in a private house, you cannot do without stairs. But besides the fact that it must connect the floors, the staircase must also fit into the interior. Therefore, when choosing a design, it is necessary to pay attention not only not to the dimensions and how much space it takes in the room, but also to take into account the style. Then the staircase to the second floor, made with your own hands, will be not only a functional item, but also an interior decoration. The work is difficult and responsible, but it can be done.

Types of stairs to the second floor in a private house

All these structures can be made of metal, wood, concrete, glass, marble and other decorative stones, and often use combinations of these materials. But most often the staircase to the second floor is made of wood with your own hands, a little less often - from metal or combinations of metal and wood.

In addition, there are two types of degrees - open and closed. In open stairs there is only a horizontally located part - the step itself, in closed ones - there is also a vertical part - risers.

Design codes

When designing a staircase, it is important to make it comfortable and safe. There are very specific numbers and recommendations that relate to the parameters of the steps and the general angle of ascent:

The number of steps is determined by simply dividing the height of the planned staircase by the chosen height of the riser. For example, the height of the room is 285 cm. It was decided to make the angle of elevation 40°. According to the table, we see that the height of the riser is 19 cm. We divide 285 cm / 19 cm = 15 steps. If the number turns out to be even, we slightly adjust the size accordingly to get an odd number.

If one of the steps turns out to be several centimeters smaller, this height is “taken away” from the first step. All others, including the last one, should be the same.

When choosing the size of steps, comfort can be checked. If the double height of the riser is added to the selected step width, the result should be from 60 ms to 64 cm. The second test option is that the sum of the lengths of the tread and the riser is optimally 45 cm, but deviations of 2 cm in both directions are acceptable.

All these parameters should be taken into account when designing a house. If the house has already been built, you have to proceed from the fact that there is and adjust the dimensions to the existing dimensions.

Spiral staircase

As already mentioned, a spiral staircase in a private house takes up the least space. But she has a serious drawback: it is inconvenient to walk on it, and it is almost impossible to lift anything bulky to the second floor. So they are not very popular, although they look good and fit well into any interior.

Calculation features

When designing a spiral staircase, one must take into account that in some positions, there are other steps above the head. Therefore, making small risers will not work.

The next feature is that the steps all have an unequal width - narrower on one side, wider on the other. The narrow part they are attached to the central support (pillar), the wide part - to the walls or balusters. The standard for the width of the tread is measured in the middle part, and the wide one should not be more than 40 cm.

The span width is from 50 cm to 100 cm. Double the distance goes to the entire structure - a square with a side of 100 cm to 200 cm is required.

Construction on a prefabricated column

This type of spiral staircase is the easiest to make: a pipe is placed on which wooden elements are put on - steps, intermediate cylinders, etc.

If you look in more detail, then in addition to the metal pipe (in this case, 40 mm in diameter), steps and balusters (available in any design), there are turned wooden cylinders (segments) that set the distance from one step to another.

On the other hand, the distance between the steps is kept with the help of cuts on the balusters. Steps are attached to these grooves (on glue + fasteners).

Do-it-yourself installation of stairs to the second floor begins with the installation of a pillar. In the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second, a hole is made equal to the diameter of the pillar. We insert the pipe into the hole, put on an enlarged washer, tighten the nut. Further, the assembly is simple: the corresponding elements are mounted on the rod, in parallel with the installation of the step, the baluster is placed and fixed. The dimensions of the steps for this spiral staircase with the given parameters are in the drawing.

Steps are cut from glued board or furniture board. You can use an array, but of furniture quality, that is, without any defects and dried, with a moisture content of not more than 8-12%. Although glued wood is considered more reliable: it definitely will not lead and it will not crack during shrinkage.

An example of an assembly of such a design, see the video. It has a prefabricated post, but you can also use a solid one, although it will be inconvenient to assemble the steps - you will have to climb the stairs every time.

The design of a metal spiral staircase is presented in the following video fragment. For those who are friends with welding, this option will be easier.

Spiral staircase to the second floor: photos of interesting options

With railings or without railings, the choice is yours. In the photo on the right, a wooden spiral staircase on a bent stringer is a difficult element to perform Forged spiral staircases are a classic of the genre

Staircase to the second floor

Marching stairs are the most popular. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology of their construction has long been worked out. There are few features of the calculation. It is important to determine the number of marches. In one section there should be from 3 to 15 steps. The most convenient have 11-13 pieces. If, according to the calculation, it turns out that there should be more steps, they are divided into several sections, between which platforms are made. The dimensions of the platforms are a multiple of the step length (600-630 mm). Then the ascent and descent will not cause inconvenience.

Kinds

Ladders with platforms take up quite a lot of space. If there is not enough space, add turns. The most common option is to place the stairs along two adjacent walls at the corners. Also, to save space, you can make winder (turning) steps instead of a platform. Only one point: the section with winder steps is the most traumatic. If the family has small children or elderly people, it is better to make a playground.

As mentioned earlier, mid-flight stairs are made on stringers (beams with a sawtooth edge) and on terraces (just an inclined beam). Fastening steps to bowstring beams requires more time and skill. Usually, a “seat” is cut out for each step - a groove is selected in the board. For additional reliability, bars are still nailed from below or corners are installed. The option with corners is reliable, but rather controversial from an aesthetic point of view. If the whole staircase is made of wood, the metal parts are very "cut" the look. Carefully processed bars look much more organic. However, with sufficient thickness of the boards for the steps and the width of the bowstring, you can do without additional fasteners. In this case, it is important that the steps do not bend, otherwise they may pop out of the grooves.

The assembly of steps on stringers is simpler: you have two or three supports, to which parts cut to size are attached. The main task is to correctly mark and cut out the stringers.

This is a ladder on stringers - one of the fragments of the assembly

Installation of a marching staircase with step by step photos

Stringers are made from a wide board 75-80 mm thick and 350-400 mm wide. If there is no massive dry board, glued boards can be used. How to calculate the kosour is described in the form, but it is possible to assemble a staircase to the second floor not only as a separate one.

An example of assembling a ladder on the stringers next to the wall. First, we fix the support pillars on which the winder steps will rest. We attach the upper stringers to these pillars.

Then we put the bottom. We fasten the kosour near the wall on top of a decorative board - it is easier to wash it and the dirt is less visible than on the wall.

We fasten the lower stringers - one to the pole, the second to the finishing board

Intermediate stringers are installed last. This makes it easier to connect all the elements.

The steps are being installed. After they are cut, sanded and painted, everything is simple: put in place, drill a hole for a self-tapping screw, then twist it.

The next step is attaching the balusters. In this case, they are made of stainless steel pipe with wooden inserts. A hole is drilled under each baluster, into which a tube is inserted, it is fixed on a hairpin or in any other available way.

Photos of interesting mid-flight stairs to the 2nd floor

Metal and glass - an interesting combination An interesting idea, and from the end - a pantry

Making interfloor stairs for cottages is not an easy task. To do this, you need to know many of the nuances of construction, to have experience in this area, therefore, if possible, it is recommended to contact a company specializing in this matter. If there is a desire to make an interfloor staircase on your own, then first you need to study the current information, get acquainted with beautiful examples of ready-made projects, plan your own structure and create it.

Types and elements of structures

As you know, the staircase is used to move from one tier of the building to another. There are stairs that allow you to get into the house from the street, and there are those that are designed to go from the first floor to the second or from the second to the third. As a rule, interfloor stairs inside private houses are found only if the house is a cottage or mansion, but this is not necessary. For example, a staircase can lead to an attic. In this case, it will also be considered interfloor.

The staircase is made up of many elements. Depending on which type of stairs is chosen, their set also differs. For example, for a traditional wooden staircase, they can additionally use a radius riser, both convex and concave, a remote sleeve or a ball that serves as a decoration for the railing, and for a minimalist one, where the steps seem to float in the air, you can get by with just winder steps. However, there is a certain set of elements that is tacitly considered the main one, available in almost every staircase.

bowstring

The bowstring is the main detail of the staircase design. It is on its basis that everything else is built. The bowstring is called the bearing element, it accounts for the entire load that the ladder takes on. The bowstring has notches for steps. As a rule, the ladder has two bowstrings, however, this is not always the case. The exceptions are often the options when the stairs adjoin the wall on one side.

The bowstring can be made of various materials: wood, metal, plastic. And also there are composite and bent glued elements. In recent years, professionals have come to the conclusion that it is still not worth using bowstrings, since the design has many drawbacks, the main of which is that it cannot withstand heavy loads.

It is also difficult even for an experienced craftsman to design a staircase on large bowstrings, since all their proportions must be as accurate as possible.

Kosour

Kosour is called one of the varieties of bowstring. In this case, it is made only one, and it accounts for the entire load-bearing load. Kosour can be located not only on the side of the stairs, but also in the middle, which is more preferable. It serves as a support for steps and risers, as well as other important details of the staircase structure. When designing a kosour, it is important to preserve its shape: there must be protrusions under the steps, while the parallel edge can either repeat the stepped protrusions or be solid.

The choice of one or another material depends on the material or the preferred stylistic solution.

Remarkably, the kosour has two attachment systems: with filly and "comb". A “comb” is the notorious stepped structure, while a kosour with fillies is usually attached in the middle and has support platforms on each ledge. These wide platforms allow the steps to be fixed better.

steps

Steps are what the foot rests on when entering the stairs. They may consist of treads and risers.

• tread- This is a horizontal surface on which the leg directly rests.
• riser supports the tread, strengthening the structure, simultaneously closing the space that is under it. And also the riser does not allow the foot to “slip” between the steps if a careless step was taken.

The design of the stairs can also be made without a riser, but in this case it should be borne in mind that the tread will take on the entire load. So, the ladder will not be so reliable. Such architectural solutions are designed for situations where it is not planned to move super-heavy loads up the stairs. In some cases, as conceived by the architect, the staircase is made only from steps, as in this figure.

In this case, the role of the kosour is played by the wall, or the kosour is simply mounted into the wall, further strengthening the structure.

railing

Railings are by no means an indispensable attribute of stairs, however, their presence is highly desirable, especially if elderly people or children live in the house. The railing performs a protective function, preventing you from falling sideways from the stairs, as well as for support during the ascent or descent. The railing consists of handrails and balusters. Handrails are horizontal elements that can be directly leaned on. Balusters are vertical tables to which handrails are attached.

In some cases, the railing is made in the form of a solid part, with one handrail or with balusters that are attached not to the stairs, but to the ceiling. All these innovations are made at the request of the customer or interior designer. If the railings are made on a staircase with several flights, then in some cases the balusters can also be support pillars. Thus, they support not only the handrails, but also the bowstring and steps, as a result of which the load on them increases many times over.

Design choice

Despite the many possible options for interfloor stairs, there are not many constructive types. There are only two of them: screw and marching. The first ones are chosen when there is very little space for the stairs and you need to use it rationally. In the second case, the staircase can be imposing, straight, located in the middle of a large hall. However, there is a second option - to place a flight of stairs along the wall, while the wall will play the role of one of the bowstrings.

Obviously, the choice of a particular design depends on the space allotted for the stairs, but there is another important component - this is the general architectural idea. For example, in a minimalist loft style, a modest spiral metal staircase will look much better than a pompous mid-flight staircase, while in a classic interior such a large-sized design is simply necessary.

Thus, it is necessary to rely not only on the possibilities, but also on the compatibility of the chosen option with the environment.

screw

Small spiral staircases are familiar to everyone. They represent a single support pillar, to which steps are attached in a spiral manner. The most important quality of such options is a small area consumption. So, for a spiral staircase you need only 1 sq. m. At the same time, they look quite interesting and can become a bright accent of the entire interior.

On the other hand, these stairs are extremely inconvenient, especially if the vestibular apparatus is not highly developed. The width of the tread remains very small, and therefore the risk of injury greatly increases when stumbling when descending or ascent. It will be extremely difficult for the elderly to climb such a ladder, therefore, if the option is chosen only for the sake of style, it is better to refuse it.

It is good to arrange spiral staircases in bay niches specially designated for this, providing them with railings along the entire length. Then the risk of injury will be minimized, and convenience will increase many times over. It is also necessary to highlight the steps so as not to stumble.

marching

Marching stairs are an example of pomposity, an indicator of prosperity. They require a lot of space, while remaining the most comfortable to date. Depending on the material, such options can be both pretentious and modest, homely, traditional. And also a lot depends on the existing elements: if there are all of them, then such a staircase is more classical. The exclusion of some details indicates a modernized model.

Marching stairs are available in several versions: straight, rotary and curvilinear. Each of them is beautiful and complex in its own way. The shape depends not only on the direction of the bowstrings or kosour, but also on the shape of the degrees themselves. It is safe to say that various variations of mid-flight stairs allow you to choose the right shape for any style direction of the interior. In some cases, it becomes possible to save significant space by eliminating some elements.

It is worth paying special attention to ensuring that this measure is really justified, since in case of refusal of any one detail, the load on all the others increases significantly.

Direct

Direct mid-flight stairs do not imply the presence of bends or kinks throughout the entire length. A good illustration is the classic large staircases in the halls of two-story pompous buildings. Stairs of direct type take up the most space, while they are the most comfortable of all. Flights or flights of stairs, except for the base and top, are not provided. In order for a straight marching staircase to look appropriate, you need to take care of the environment.

When placing such a staircase in the middle of the hall, it must be remembered that the style must be traditional. The wall arrangement will fit into almost any style, however, it looks most interesting in the modern avant-garde, if you place color accents at the same time.

Simplified structures with a minimum of visible supporting elements look interesting.

Swivel

The manufacture of rotary mid-flight stairs allows you to save space allotted for the construction of a staircase structure. This implies the presence of at least one intermediate march - at the fracture site. The so-called turns are usually located at the corner of the wall, if it is a wall-mounted arrangement, or at the required height when placed between two walls. An example can be seen in the entrances of multi-storey buildings. Turning mid-flight stairs are more difficult to manufacture, but much more convenient to use. They do not take up much space, while it becomes possible to rationally use the space near the wall, which often remains unused.

Thanks to these qualities, it is the rotary mid-flight structures that are the most common option. When designing an interfloor staircase for a cottage, the main task is to “domesticate” such a capricious object. An involuntary association with high-rise buildings can kill all the comfort in the house. To succeed, pay special attention to the choice of materials suitable for these purposes.

You should try to abandon concrete, as well as too sharp corners. An example of a "state" structure can be seen in the image below.

Curvilinear

Curvilinear mid-flight stairs can also be called radial due to their curved shape. If in the case of rotary options it was about ninety-degree turns, then here the bends should be smooth, soft, unobtrusive. However, exceptions are possible when the bend is strong, but there is no talk of a screw design yet. Since rounded wall bends can be found quite rarely, it cannot be concluded that radius stairs are made only in these cases. Much more often you can find cases when the staircase is rounded due to the fact that it expands downward.

Curvilinear designs are not as compact as screw ones, although they also save a lot of space. Interestingly, they look in modern styles, but with notes of classics, for example, fusion. Sometimes turning stairs are made in order to emphasize the unusual shape of the niche that was reserved for the structure. Then it is advisable to make a radial staircase of almost the same scope as the niche itself.

materials

Interfloor cottage stairs are not built from as many materials as it might seem at first glance. Previously, the spread of raw materials was much greater, and even now, with a proper budget, the choice is practically unlimited. However, zealous owners have long abandoned the abundance of materials that can be easily replaced with cheaper counterparts. For example, marble stairs are now almost never found in private homes, but there is a cheaper equivalent that is easy to give a marble look - this is concrete.

Undoubtedly, natural raw materials are still held in high esteem. Many are not stopped even by the rather high cost and difficulty in work. The materials from which you can build a staircase yourself deserve special attention, especially if you do not want to spend a lot of effort, money and time. For special details, you can contact the blacksmith workshop or professionals, while the work of processing the remaining elements falls entirely on the shoulders of the owner.

Wood

The tree has not lost its position for many centuries. The best analogues in terms of durability, ease of use, durability have not yet been invented. The tree allows you to create a special atmosphere in the house, while even the most primitive staircase design will look decent. In this regard, many home-grown and professional craftsmen choose it. It is worth noting that the cost of wood can fluctuate.

Of course, for stairs it is best to choose the most expensive solid array that is properly processed. However, some argue that a good solid staircase can also be built from pressed sawdust if you choose an MDF board of sufficient thickness. In any case, it is impossible to leave a wooden staircase without processing.

Staining, etching or varnishing will be required, which will lead to additional financial and labor costs. This fact must be taken into account.

Concrete

For the most part, concrete stairs are associated with the interfloor space in the entrances, but in vain. Current technologies make it possible to make almost any structure out of concrete, both in terms of complexity and appearance. The material can be given any look, while it will not differ at all from the original in the eyes of an inexperienced viewer. Until a certain time, a big problem when working with concrete was its impressive weight, however, in recent years, the substance has been significantly “lightened”, and now a concrete staircase can weigh no more than a metal one. At the same time, the strength properties were not affected at all.

Some of the types of concrete can withstand constant contact with water, while the water will not cause any damage to them. The difficulty is to give the concrete elements the required shape. As experience shows, it is still best to contact a specialized agency for a concrete staircase, refusing to try to make such a construct on your own. It is not a fact that the resulting product will be of proper quality, and a lot of money and time will be lost.

Metal

Metal stairs themselves can be found not so often. More often, load-bearing and supporting elements or railings are made of metal. Metal structures may be appropriate only in some stylistic concepts, in many cases they will look too pretentious and futuristic, which is not always a plus. It is quite possible to work with metal, especially if you know the basics of welding and forging. These works will necessarily need to be performed, especially when it comes to delicate intricate designs.

Metal is a relatively malleable material, but not all of its types are suitable for building stairs. For example, it is better to refuse aluminum, while steel and cast iron are ideal. For many, the big questions are the weight of the finished structure. Indeed, if the staircase is made only of metal, it will have an impressive mass, so it is necessary to strengthen the foundation and interfloor ceilings in advance in those places where it is planned to be installed.

Design and calculation

Before proceeding with the construction of any structure, you must first carefully plan everything, from the location to the amount of materials. It is necessary to approach this step as responsibly as possible, since the success of the entire enterprise largely depends on the preparation. The optimal values ​​will be given as an example, however, taking your own measurements is an important step. First you need to draw up a drawing, which will clearly reflect all the basic information. To do this, you need to make simple calculations using the step-by-step instructions below.

Based on these parameters, you can later calculate the amount of materials needed and approximately calculate how long it will take to build, whether you can handle it alone, or you will have to resort to the help of a partner.

Number and height of steps

First of all, calculate the height and number of steps. However, before proceeding directly to these calculations, you need to know the height of the stairs itself. This is done very simply: you just need to determine by measuring the height from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor. You can make it easier: take the height of the walls on the ground floor and add to this value the thickness of the ceiling between the floors. For example, the height of the walls is 3.1 m, the thickness of the ceiling is 40 cm. Then the height of the stairs will be 3.1 + 0.4 = 3.5 m.

Riser height is standard and can vary between 15.2–19.7 cm. It is not recommended to make steps above or below, as they are uncomfortable when climbing. You should choose any value within the specified limits, for example, take 18 cm. To calculate the number of steps, you need to divide the height of the stairs by the height of the riser: 350/18 = 19.44 cm. It is better to round up: the number of steps will be 20. With simple recalculations, it turns out that the height of the riser will be 17.5 cm: 350 (stairs height) / 20 (number of steps).

Tread Width

The width of the tread should be between 22-40 cm. To calculate the width that is suitable specifically for a particular case, there is a formula: double the height of the riser in the sum of the width of the tread gives 64 cm. According to the second formula, the height of the riser, summed with the width of the tread, gives 47 cm. It is worthwhile to visually consider how the formulas work.

• 64 - 17.5 (rise width) = 46.5 cm. In this case, the width turned out to be too large.
• 47 - 17.5 \u003d 32.5 cm. The width of the step is within the optimal limits, so you can take this value as a reference. Should be rounded to 33 cm.

As practice shows, a suitable value will be obtained using only one of the formulas, so do not be lazy to calculate both the first and the second formula

March width

The minimum width of a flight of stairs is 80 cm, however, it is not strictly recorded anywhere. More emphasis is placed not on the fact that it is necessary to make marches of a certain size, but on their number. It depends on the location of the stairs and is determined on site. It is worth taking note of the definition method used by professionals. They choose a march with a width that can be divided without a trace by the width of the tread. In our case, the following sizes are suitable: 66 cm (33x2), 99 cm (33x3), 132 cm (33x4) and so on.

Ladder length

The length of the stairs is determined simply. To do this, you need two previously derived values: the number of steps and the width of the step. It is necessary to multiply them: 33x20 \u003d 660 cm. The staircase turns out to be very long, so you need to consider options for a rotary or curved staircase. Few houses can accommodate a ladder almost 6.5 m long. The length of the spiral staircase will need to be calculated using special programs.

clearance height

This refers to the distance from the ceiling to the steps. This parameter determines exactly what size the hole in the floor of the second floor, to which the staircase adjoins, will be. It should be remembered that the gap between the ceiling and the stairs should be at least 180 cm, ideally 200 cm. You should mark the place under the opening where this distance between the ceiling and the step becomes smaller.

Stringer length

To calculate the length of the kosour, you will need to use the Pythagorean theorem: add the length of the stairs squared to the height of the stairs squared and derive the square root. In our example, we get 660² + 350² = 435600 + 122500 = 558100; √558200 \u003d 747.06 cm. Let's take it with a margin, rounding up to 750 cm. As you can see, the calculation scheme is quite simple. You can do without all sorts of professional quantities such as the angle of inclination, simply by calculating all the necessary indicators, using school knowledge in mathematics. In this case, the slope of the stairs will turn out to be comfortable, so there will be no need to bend down or be afraid to fall due to the fact that the stairs turned out to be too steep.

If you are planning to build a two-story private house or a country cottage, then at a certain point in the construction you will need to take care of the construction of a staircase to the second floor. Not everyone can make a staircase with their own hands - for this you need to have certain carpentry skills, and some experience, as well as enough free time. Wouldn't it be better to take advantage of an advantageous and.. offer from our professional company in Moscow. We offer stairs for every taste, color, style and economic opportunity of our customers. And with the current price list and with 100 magnificent photos of designs you can find in the presented article.

100 photos of the most beautiful stairs for every taste

Before proceeding to get acquainted with the incredible variety of ladder systems from a domestic manufacturer in Moscow, let's get acquainted with the theory - and what kind of ladders exist in nature.

Types of ladder systems depending on the design

So, stair structures to the second floor are divided into the following types:

screw

Spectacular and compact products, complex in manufacturing method, but with a magnificent view. Their main advantage is their small size, which makes it possible to place the structure even in a very small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

Photo 1.

marching

This type of ladder structures is the most common and in demand. This is explained by the simplicity of the circuit, reliability, conciseness and relatively low cost.

Photo 2.

Combined

This type of stairs is a great way out for those who wish to combine the advantages of the two types listed above - compactness from a screw design and practicality from a marching system.

Photo 3.

Types of stair structures depending on the material

Today, modern manufacturers offer consumers an incredible number of all kinds of ladder systems from materials such as:

• Tree of various breeds;

Photo 4. The cost of wooden stairs is also very different, it all depends on the value of the wood. For example, an oak product with handmade railings will cost much more than a beech or spruce staircase.

• Marble and other natural mineral;

Photo 5.

• Ultralight metal alloys;

Photo 6.

• Forged construction;

Photo 7. Forged stairs are grandiose and magnificent. The high cost of such work is more than compensated by the incredibly spectacular appearance of the product.

• Concrete system;

Photo 8.

• Combined designs that include several materials at once in one product - wood, metal, stone.

Photo 9. Stair structures that combine several types of manufacturing materials at once are a real work of art that can transform your home beyond recognition

Our specialized enterprise in Moscow offers its customers modern, safe and beautiful staircase designs for every taste. In the assortment of the company you will find a huge number of ready-made products, and you can also order a staircase according to an exclusive original project.

Photo 10. Spectacular and high-quality products from the company "Profi Stairs" will perfectly fit into both modern and classic interiors.

Huge selection of inexpensive stairs in Moscow

In a huge and diverse catalog of our company, ready-made stairs are presented at attractive and competitive prices, classified in the following areas:

• modular designs;

Photo 11. The modular system will perfectly fit into any modern interior.

• wooden crafts;

Photo 12. Wooden stairs - stylish, reliable and environmentally friendly

• stairs for cottages;

Photo 13. Stairs for cottages will certainly decorate the interior of your home

• structures of the second floor;

Photo 14.

• products to order;

Photo 15. Order a ladder from us and you will transform your home beyond recognition

• spiral staircases;

Photo 16.

• products with forged elements

Photo 17. Stairs decorated with forging are always in trend

• metal structures and other types.

Photo 18. Metal stairs are suitable for a stylish country house

Staircase designs for every taste

Photo 19.
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Photo 21.
Photo 22.
Photo 23. Photo 24.
Photo 25.
Photo 26.
Photo 27. What kind of stairs do not exist in nature - order an exclusive design for yourself
Photo 28. The staircase will create coziness and emphasize the style of your home.
Photo 29. Wood is the most versatile stair material.
Photo 30.
Photo 31.
Photo 32. Straight staircase in the style of "minimalism"
Photo 33.
Photo 34. Design construction of the second floor
Photo 35. Cozy wooden staircase for a country house
Photo 36.
Photo 37.
Photo 38.
Photo 39.
Photo 40. One of the incredible designs
Photo 41. Classic is always in fashion Photo 42. Photo 43. Photo 44. Forged products - grandiose and magnificent
Photo 45. Photo 46. Photo 47. Photo 48. Photo 49.
Photo 50. The price of a ladder product depends on many factors - the complexity of the design, the cost of the material, the exclusivity of the design
Photo 51. Ladder with wide steps and a slight bend is absolutely safe to use
Photo 52. Thanks to forged elements, the design looks light and airy.
Photo 53.

Price list for stairs from a company in Moscow

Let us consider in more detail with the indication of prices for each of the types of stairs presented by our company, indicating their current price.

Modular stairs

Photo 54. Modular staircase "Duet" with steps made of natural oak
Photo 55. Construction "Duet" with steps made of beech - an economical and effective product for your interior

Modular stairs series "Elegant" - a great solution for a stylish interior at affordable prices, presented below:

Photo 56.56 335 rub.
Photo 57.50 390 rub.
Photo 58.51 321 rub.
Photo 59.44 290 rub.
Photo 60."Prestige" with a turn of 180 degrees - price 47 160 rub.
Photo 61. Direct "Prestige" - 42 748 rub.
Photo 62."Solo" of a direct design - a stylish and effective product at a reasonable price 70 858 rub.
Photo 63.78 498 rub.
Photo 64. 180 degree reversible design "Modern" - exclusive and fashionable design at an affordable price 125 262 rub.
Photo 65. Staircase with a turn of 90 degrees series "Modern" cost 120 030 rub.
Photo 66. Product "Super Elegant" with 180 degree rotation has a price 108 277 rub.
Photo 67.113 118 rub.
Photo 68.

wooden stairs

This type of stair products will appeal to those who appreciate natural wood, simplicity and reliability of the design. The material used for the manufacture of these stairs is environmentally friendly, beautiful and reliable.

When building a private house, you almost always have to resort to making stairs - in order to save usable area of ​​​​the site, modern construction of private houses in most cases is the construction of two-story mansions. Stairs in a private house can have a very diverse price, depending on the size, cost of the material of manufacture and the materials used for decoration. The design of the stairs of a private house can be a classic mid-flight, with a lack of space, the installation of a spiral staircase is often used. Recently, bolt ladders have become increasingly popular, the construction of which uses hidden fastenings on bolts or pins.

Features of design and calculation

Proper design and calculation of an object under construction very often turns out to be extremely important and significant for the further trouble-free operation of the building, for example, incorrectly calculated ceilings can lead to the destruction of the building, and violations in the design of stairs threaten the impossibility of comfortable use and increase the risk of injury for residents of the house. The base moment in building stairs is the stage of its calculation and design, experts recommend paying due attention to it.

When building a house without a professional project, the issue of calculating the stairs can cause some difficulties, the reason for this is the lack of the necessary knowledge in engineering science. In this article we will try to recall the requirements and standards that should be followed when creating stairs in a private house.

How to determine the size of marches and landings

It is generally accepted that the optimal width of a staircase in a private house should be 1.2 m, but given that the area for its installation can be very limited, it is allowed to reduce the width to 0.9 m. The gap between parallel marches should not be less than 0, 1 m. The sum of these indicators will be the width of the future landing. It should be noted that the choice of the minimum allowable dimensions will lead to the fact that the stairs will be very narrow and it will be extremely difficult to carry furniture or other large items along it. This is especially undesirable if the marches are located relative to each other at an angle of 180 degrees. If the angle is 90 - the site will be square.

If there is enough space to determine the width of the stairs, you will need to determine its purpose, the planned throughput, and the size of the site allotted for the construction of the stairs. The staircase for descending to the basement or ascending to the attic can be 0.8 m wide. The width of a comfortable staircase in a private house can be from 1 to 1.5 m, of course, if the area allows. It will be convenient for residents to move along it. The width of the opening is measured from the wall to the railing or between opposite railings, the width of the steps is usually slightly larger.

Calculate the number of steps

Calculating the number of steps will require the use of accurate floor height measurements. They are obtained by measuring the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor level of the second. If, when calculating the size of a staircase in a private house, you only have a distance to the floor level, then you should first determine the design of the future floor and take into account the thickness of the insulation and finishing material or other structural elements. Such accurate calculations are required for the reason that the height of the steps must be the same.

The recommended value for the height of the stair step is 0.15 m, however, in practice it often turns out that this size is adjusted by the design features of the house. Often, developers install stairs not with standard step sizes of 0.3x0.15 m, but 0.31x0.16 m or 0.29x0.17 m, which is also acceptable, because. dimensions are not out of range.

In one march, the number of steps should not be more than 18. Such a number allows you to create a staircase with a height of 2.7 m. But given that the width of the step should be 0.3 m, the length of the stairs will be 5.4 m. A more rational option would be creating a staircase with two flights of 9 steps.

The calculation of the number of steps may also depend on the dimensions of the staircase, the smaller its area, the higher the steps will have to be designed.

Pay attention to the height of the ceiling above the intermediate platform; it should not be less than 2 m.

Stairs in a private house can have a variety of projects, but the number of steps will be determined as follows: divide the height of the entire staircase by the recommended height of one step. For example, with a staircase height of 3 m and a step height of 0.15 m, the number of steps will be 20. Since the last step will turn out by itself, the required number of steps for the stairs is 19.

If the calculation results in indicators that do not correspond to the recommended ones, in particular, the height and width of the steps, then the design indicators should be slightly changed within reasonable limits until an optimal result is achieved, as close as possible to the recommended standards.

Calculation of a curved profile staircase

Independent implementation of such a calculation will require the use of deeper knowledge. If the rotary options for stairs in a private house are calculated independently, then you should remember:

the minimum width of the narrow part of the wedge-shaped step cannot be less than 0.1 m, along the central axis - not less than 0.2 m,
the maximum step width at the far, wide end should not exceed 0.4 m

the turning radius of the narrow part of the stairs cannot be less than 0.3 m.

When constructing a staircase, it is allowed that its vertical surface hangs 0.03-0.05 m above the horizontal one, this will significantly increase the width of the steps and avoid increasing the length of the stairs.

Factors affecting the calculation of the stairs

The result of the calculation of the stairs will be influenced by:

• the number of landings and their dimensions, the height of flights of stairs and their number,
• the area that can be allocated for the construction of stairs,
• material from which it will be made stairs and decoration.

When calculating, one should not forget about such an important indicator as clearance. This is the height from the steps to the nearest upper barrier, for example, the ceiling of the second floor. The clearance should have a height such that a tall person can easily walk up the stairs without touching the ceiling with his head, on average this figure should not be less than 1.9 - 2 m.

Stair steepness

The steepness of the future stairs, or in other words - the angle of its inclination, should facilitate comfortable movement along it and be in the range from 22 to 40 degrees. At an angle less than 22 degrees, the construction of a ramp can be dispensed with, but its construction will require a very large area, in private houses its construction is impractical. A slope greater than 40 degrees will be acceptable for attic stairs or leading to the basement, more than 75 - only for firefighters.

The higher the steepness of the stairs, the less area will be required for its construction.

Consider how in practice you can calculate the angle of inclination. A right angle should be drawn on a sheet of paper, on its horizontal side, mark on a scale of 1:10 the length of the floor section allocated for the flight of stairs, along the vertical side - the height of the flight of stairs. By connecting the segments marked on the sides of the corner, we get a triangle, the hypotenuse of which will be equal to the length of the string of the stairs. The angle formed with respect to the horizontal line is the angle of inclination of the march; its value can be measured using a protractor.

Calculation of the height and width of steps

The calculation of the stairs in a private house also involves determining the width and height of the steps. To do this, you can use a simple formula 2a + b = 0.6 - 0.64 m, and - this is the height of the step, its recommended value is 0.15 m, but in reality it can be in the range from 0.14 to 0.17 m. It is not desirable to increase the indicator to 0.2 m or more. b is the overhang, or tread width. This indicator should be in the range from 0.2 to 0.32 m, it will be difficult to walk on wider steps - the step will go astray. Too narrow steps will be very inconvenient when going down. 0.6-0.64 m is an indicator of the average step of an adult.

The second formula that can be used in the calculation:

a + b \u003d 0.45 - 0.46 m. ​​Everything is also extremely simple in it: if a is equal to the standard indicator of 0.15 m, then b will be equal to 0.3 - 0.31 m.

The top step should not hang over the bottom step by more than 0.05 m.