Knyazhenika: a berry with an aristocratic character. Description, varieties, cultivation and care

The common princess, or arctic raspberry, belongs to the Pink family. In nature, the plant grows along the shores of lakes, on hummocks of swamps and in the forests of the Urals, northern European Russia, Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and the Far East. Due to the fact that the princess grows in damp meadows and fields, the people call it "raspberry". Arctic raspberries are known for their fragrant, pineapple-flavoured fruits, which contain many beneficial substances.

That is why today more and more gardeners grow tasty and valuable berries in their plots.

Botanical description

The herbaceous perennial plant of the common princess is distinguished by a height of up to 20 centimeters, a creeping long rhizome, slightly wrinkled, trifoliate leaves, single pink flowers and drupe berries. Fruits similar to raspberries consist of 25-50 seedlings. Their color may be dark purple., rich crimson, red, dark cherry, red-white.

Like raspberries, every spring, new shoots grow from the root buds of the princesses, on which flowers form by the end of June. Flowering continues for a month, after which the fruits begin to ripen, which can be harvested in July or August.

landing conditions

The plant prefers well-lit, semi-shady areas that are sheltered from strong winds. Bushes can be planted in the shade of large trees or buildings, but not in open sunny areas.

Since in nature the arctic raspberry grows on moist soils, in the garden for it you should choose a bed with well-moistened, drained, acidic soil.

Princess seedlings are planted in open ground in early May or mid-September. The soil for planting is prepared in advance:

1. The plant grows best and bears fruit on loam fertilized with peat and humus.
2. During digging, weeds are removed.
3. For each square meter of beds, a bucket of peat and humus is brought in.
4. From fertilizers, wood ash, potassium salt, superphosphate are added to the soil.
5. For disinfection, the soil is watered with a hot solution of potassium permanganate.

When the soil in the garden dries out, you can start planting seedlings.

• Sofia;
• Beata;
• Anna;
• Linda.

Plants are planted in rows, the distance between which should be from eighty to one hundred centimeters. Seedlings are planted from each other at a distance of thirty centimeters. If delenki or seedlings are planted, then a distance of fifteen centimeters is kept between them.

After planting, the soil is well watered and mulched. The mulch will retain moisture in the soil and keep weeds from growing.

Features of plant care

When caring for arctic raspberries, special attention should be paid to soil moisture. In hot and dry weather, the plants are watered daily. If it rains regularly, then watering is done after the topsoil dries out.

After watering or rains, weeds must be regularly removed, as the princess does not tolerate weeds. The soil cleared of weeds must be carefully loosened.

The next year after planting, young plants are fed with wood ash twice a season. To do this, a tablespoon of ash is poured under each bush and the plant is watered. Adult plants are fed in the spring with water-soluble mineral and organic fertilizers.

pruning

In the spring, frozen and broken branches are cut out from the bushes. To prevent thickening, it is necessary to remove the shoots of young shoots.

In autumn, dried and two-year-old branches are cut out. Such a procedure will be a good stimulation for the formation of new young shoots next year.

Protection from pests and diseases

The common princess is resistant to pests and diseases. However, under adverse weather conditions and care errors, plants can be affected by various harmful insects and diseases. To avoid this, in spring and autumn, simple preventive procedures should be carried out:

If during the season the plants were still affected by pests, then they can be destroyed with the help of insecticidal preparations. Fungicides will help get rid of diseases.

Methods of reproduction of the princess

You can propagate the common princess by dividing the bush and seeds.

The division of the bush

This breeding method is carried out in April. For its implementation, the bush is carefully dug up with a shovel or pitchfork and divided into parts. Each division should have several buds, part of the roots and strong shoots.

For divisions, a bed is prepared, which must be shed with a solution of potassium permanganate. Holes for planting are located at a distance of fifteen centimeters from each other.

Bushes are placed in the hole, which are sprinkled with prepared nutrient soil mixture and watered well. The soil around the plants is mulched.

Sowing seeds

Planting material must first be stratified, so in late autumn, seeds are sown in a mixture of sand and peat (1: 1). Close up the seeds to a depth of one centimeter. Seedling boxes with crops remain on the site. In winter, under the snow, they will undergo a natural stratification.

Shoots will appear in the spring, which will need to be watered regularly during the summer. In August, grown and strengthened seedlings are planted on a pre-prepared bed.

When propagated by seeds, Arctic raspberries will bear fruit in three years.

Useful properties of berries

Many useful substances have been found in the Arctic raspberry:

Thanks to this composition, the fruits of the princess help strengthen the immune system and have tonic, astringent, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties.

Water tinctures are prepared from berries, teas and decoctions, which are used in the following cases:

1. For the prevention and treatment of anemia, scurvy and beriberi.
2. In diseases of the intestines, liver and rheumatism.
3. Diuretic properties allow you to cope with gout and urolithiasis.
4. For the treatment of cough, stomatitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tonsillitis.
5. The gruel from the leaves will help cure dermatitis, urticaria, diathesis and accelerate the healing of open wounds.

Arctic raspberry tea will enrich the body with vitamin C, strengthen the immune system, and increase vitality. With berry juice You can not only quench your thirst, but also reduce the temperature.

Fresh berries are the most useful. To preserve and enjoy them in winter, the fruits can be dried, made into jam, compotes or juices.

Not only tasty, but also healthy berries can be grown in your summer cottage or garden plot. To do this, it is enough to follow all the simple rules of planting and caring for the plant. As a result, at the end of summer, up to one and a half kilograms of fragrant berries can be harvested from each square meter.

Princess berry is a northern berry with a unique bright aroma and sweet taste. In nature, it grows in mossy swamps and forests, but it can also be grown in the country - you just need to know the secrets of proper planting and caring for the princess. The berry is not only tasty, but also useful.

Description of the princess berry

The princess, or, as it is also called, the arctic raspberry, is a low herbaceous plant of the Pink family.

Source: Depositphotos

Knyazhenika - northern berry with a bright aroma and rich, sweet taste

• • The stalk of the bone tree is trihedral, pubescent, the leaves are trifoliate, located on long petioles.

• • The flowers are small and rare, five-petalled, white, pink or red.

• • The fruit of the princess is a small multi-drupe, shaped like a raspberry. The color of ripe fruits can be white-pink, bright red, purple or cherry. Bone berries are juicy and sweet, they have a pronounced aroma with hints of pineapple.

The berries of the princess contain a large amount of vitamin C and fruit acids, so they are used not only in cooking, but also in folk medicine as a tonic and anti-cold remedy.

Landing and care

If you decide to plant a berry on your site, you will have to try to bring its living conditions closer to natural ones. One of the main conditions for the harvest when growing a princess is the presence of at least two varieties of berries on the site, since the plant will not bear fruit without cross-pollination.

The site for planting the bramble should be chosen shaded, protected from the rays of the sun. The northern berry prefers well-drained, loose soils that are sandy or loamy.

Bone is propagated by cuttings.

• • You can plant in open ground in early spring or autumn, so that the plant has time to take root before the onset of frost.

• • One cutting is planted per square meter, it must be deepened to the planted kidney.

• • After planting, the soil is abundantly moistened and mulched with crushed pine bark or sawdust.

The next 2-3 years, the princess will grow and fill the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garden. During this period, plantings should be freed from weeds and fertilizers should be applied to the soil once or twice a season. It is impossible to loosen the soil: the root system of the Arctic raspberry lies close to the surface, it is easy to damage it.

The use, recipes and properties of medicinal princess ordinary (red cloudberry).

Princess common (kumanika, cloudberry red). Family: Rosaceae.

PRINCESS! The benefits of berries and leaves of the princess. Video

Medicinal plant princess - (folk names: princess, princess, princess, red princess, princess, princess, kumanichnik, kumanika, paws - cloudberry, red cloudberry, earthen raspberry, mamurovka, mamura, zharovikha, paletiga, poludenitsa, raspberry, polyanitsa, raspberry, khokhlyanka, northern raspberry, khokhlyanica, khokhlusha).

Princess. Description. Herbaceous perennial plant with a creeping long rhizome in height from ten to thirty cm. Princess stems obtusely trihedral, simple, with scales at the base. Leaves plants trifoliate, with large stipules, on long pubescent petioles; their terminal leaflet is on a short petiole, the lateral ones are almost sessile. The flower is apical, solitary (still rarely there are 1 - 2 lateral ones), large, six - ten membered, bisexual, sometimes unisexual flowers, and then this plant is dioecious. Sepals lanceolate, hairy, splayed when flowering. Back - ovoid petals, dark - pink color. Numerous stamens. There are about twenty pistils, they are shorter than stamens. The fruit of the princess fragrant red drupe.

Princess. Benefit and harm. Video

Princess. A photo.
Princess. Growth. growing princess on forest edges in damp coniferous forests and swamps, on clearings, on peat bogs, damp meadows and floodplains. Meet to the princess it is also possible in the Arctic tundra, in rocky and sandy places. It is well cultivated in home gardens as well.

It blooms from late June - early July, begins to bear fruit in August. It grows in swampy and damp forests, in the tundra, in swamps.

Princesses berries organic dyes contain citric and malic acid, vitamin C, fructose and glucose, tannins.

ACTIVE SUBSTANCES. USED ​​PRINCESS PARTS

For the purpose of medical "berries" (fruits) and leaves of the princess are used. Harvest berries in August and leaves- from June to July.

Princess Grass contains flavonoids and traces of saponins. Found in fruits up to two hundred mg. ascorbic acid, sugar, malic and citric acid, anthocyanins. During the flowering period, a large number of tannins are found in the leaves of the plant.

HEALING PROPERTIES OF THE PRINCESS. INDICATIONS FOR USE

Cooked from berries jam and alcohol fragrant. Cooking methods tinctures application:

RECIPE FOR PRINCESS TINCTURE 1. Three Art. spoons berries for two st. boiling water, leave for 60 minutes, decant. Take sips slowly for 0.5 tbsp. three times a day for the diseases mentioned above, as well as in the form of rinses to use when oral cavity diseases inflammatory.

Princess - home treatment with folk remedies.

RECIPE FOR PRINCESS TINCTURE 2. Three table spoons leaves for a couple of boiling water glasses, insist 120 min., express and take from: 1/4 to 1/3 tbsp. three times a day and before meals gastritis, enterocolitis, diarrhea, colitis.

Be healthy!

Princess ordinary, treatment with princess. Video

Nature is rich in fruits, fruits, vegetables. One of these gifts is the prince's berry. The fruits are used as a delicacy, medicine. In Russia, they were considered a special, rare dessert, delivered by peasants to princes and boyars. Hence the name. In another way, it is called polyberry, arctic raspberry, stone fruit. Rarely seen in the wild. This is due to fires, industrial deforestation.

Belongs to the Rosaceae family. Crimson flowers. The fruits are red. The weight of one berry is about three grams. The plant reaches a height of thirty centimeters. The taste is sweet, rich, reminiscent of pineapple. Outwardly similar to raspberries or blackberries.

Value

Valued for its rich taste, a large number of useful substances. Contains the following components:

• citric acid - cleanses of toxins, harmful toxins;
• essential oils;
• malic acid - improves metabolism, increases resistance to diseases, positively affects the functioning of the heart and blood vessels;
• saponins;
• flavonoids - antibacterial, anti-inflammatory action;
• fructose - normalization of blood sugar levels;
• vitamin C - general strengthening effect;
• tannins - have a positive effect on the intestinal mucosa.

Distribution area

Knyazhenika is a northern berry. It grows in Alaska, Finland, northern Russia, the Far East, and Siberia. It can be found in the tundra, coniferous forests, near rivers, swamps.

Growing on the site

Can be grown in your own yard. To do this, it is necessary to create conditions close to the natural environment. Plant at least two varieties on the site so that the plant can cross-pollinate.

Wild polyanica varieties are not suitable for growing in the garden. Breeders have bred cultivated hybrid varieties from Sweden, North America, which successfully take root, give a good harvest. These varieties include: Anna, Astra, Hayes. Fruit seedlings can be bought in specialized stores or ordered online. The price of one bush is about eight hundred rubles.

Site selection, soil preparation

For planting seedlings choose a sunny place, the earth should be loose. Do not use clayey, dense soil for planting. The soil is fertilized with ash before planting. For disinfection, the soil is watered with potassium permanganate.

Care

It is necessary that the soil is always moist. The soil is loosened, periodically weeded. For good flowering, the bushes are sprinkled with sawdust. In autumn, dead dried leaves and stems are removed.

When to feed

Top dressing is carried out only a year after planting the fruit crop. You need to fertilize the meadow at least twice a summer. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers, ash are used as top dressing, which are bred strictly according to the norm, otherwise there is a risk of crop reduction. To increase the yield, mycorrhizal fungi are added to the soil.

Do you need pruning

It is necessary to remove lignified flower stalks. This is done so that the fruits become larger, juicier. In the spring, before the buds appear, dried, frostbitten branches are removed.

reproduction

The plant can be propagated by seeds or by dividing the outlet. The second option is common, it allows you to quickly get a crop.

When propagating by seed, planting is done for the winter in a mixture of sand and peat, which is placed in seedling boxes. Seeds are buried one centimeter. In August, the sprouts are transplanted to a permanent place. The first harvest with this method can be obtained three years after planting.

When propagating by dividing the bush in early spring, a part of the plant with strong shoots is separated. Before planting, plants must disinfect the surface of the earth with potassium permanganate.

Prevention, protection against diseases and pests

The princess is susceptible to diseases. For prevention, treatment, the fruit crop must be treated with Bordeaux liquid. It is necessary to spray under the bush of the plant before the start of the growing season. After harvesting, the soil and bushes must be sprinkled with Nitrafen. In summer, the fruit crop is processed as needed.

From pests, the princess can be sprinkled with Karbofos or Actellik.

Harvest, scope

Ripens from July to August. Abundant fruiting begins three years after planting. From one square meter you can get up to 1.5 kilograms. The collected fruits are used fresh, canned, dried or dried. You can dry the strawberries in the open air, in an oven or an electric dryer.

Due to the high content of useful components, the plant is used for medicinal purposes.

cooking

Arctic raspberries are popular in cooking. It is used to prepare:

• jams (the berries are carefully sorted, washed, dried. Then they are poured into boiling syrup from water with sugar, immediately removed from the stove. The jam should be allowed to brew for twelve hours.):
• marmalade (rubbed, boiled until tender);
• juice - squeeze through gauze. Store freshly prepared juice in the refrigerator for a short time;
• fruit drinks;
• compotes.

Wine is made from berries. To do this, add mashed fruits to the chilled syrup, wait for fermentation. The finished wine is cleaned, poured into separate bottles. Closes tightly with stoppers. Stored in a cool dry place.

The medicine

A tincture is prepared, which is used as an antipyretic or general tonic. Helps to cope with asthma attacks, cough, diseases of the genitourinary system, gastrointestinal tract. It is used for inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, removes excess fluid. Arctic raspberry restores strength after illness. A tea is brewed from the leaves, which is good for loose stools. A decoction of the plant is used to gargle a sore throat.

Harm of the princess, contraindications

Berries have no contraindications. The exception is intolerance to it. With allergies, redness, itching, rashes on the skin may appear. In case of hives, you should take an antihistamine medicine and consult a doctor.

Conclusion

The princess is a tasty, healthy berry, planting it is simple and easy to care for. Many hybrids have been bred, they are gaining great popularity, they are often planted in the garden. With proper care, following all the rules, you can achieve a good harvest of tasty and very healthy berries.

Looking into the gardens of modern summer residents, we can see a rich variety of berries of all colors and tastes. But few gardeners can boast of having such a berry as a princess on their plot. Its second name is arctic raspberry (lat. Rubus arcticus), although it can be found not only in the Arctic, but also in Siberia, in the Far East. It also grows in the Tver, Vladimir, Smolensk regions and in Karelia.

The natural habitat for the princess is damp places in coniferous and deciduous forests. It grows along fresh water bodies, on the banks of swamps. It is possible to meet her in the forest less and less. This is due to fires and deforestation.

But even in ancient times, it was not easy to collect a basket of amazing wild berries. She got up on a par with furs and jewelry. The princely children especially liked to feast on the delicacy, hence the name of the berry.

Description

Arctic raspberries, also known as princes, raspberries, raspberries, mamura, khokhlyanitsa, khokhlushka, are a unique plant, a species of the genus Rubus, known for its healing properties, as well as its unique taste and aroma.

From the name "arctic raspberry" you can guess that outwardly this berry resembles the well-known raspberry. The plant is herbaceous, low - its height reaches about half a meter. Unlike ordinary raspberries, the creeping roots of the Arctic go deep into an average of 15-20 centimeters. The leaves are trifoliate, similar to strawberry leaves. The fruits consist of drupes, as in all plants of the Rubus family. The color of the fruits of the princess varies from cherry to bright purple with a blue tint. That is why it is also compared to blackberries.

The main difference between arctic raspberries and their "sisters" is sweet and sour taste with pineapple aroma. It makes the berry truly unique.

Where is it used?

Due to the unique taste, there are many recipes based on the princess. It is good both raw and processed. Jam, jam, compotes, syrups, liqueurs are made from it. It can also be dried or frozen. Arctic raspberry leaves are dried naturally and used as a tea.

In addition to taste, the prince is recommended to be used as a medicine. The presence in its composition of a large amount of vitamin C, glucose, fructose increases the value of the berry. At the same time, the leaves contain phytoncides and ascorbic acid. The scope of the plant is wide.

It is applied:

• to increase immunity, as well as recovery from illness;
• with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (especially diarrhea);
• with a disease of the upper respiratory tract;
• as an antipyretic;
• as an antiscorbutic;
• for quick removal of edema and healing of tissues (freshly picked leaves are suitable);
• when losing weight;

Arctic raspberry is a powerful antioxidant of plant origin that can fight age-related changes in the human body. This explains its wide application in the field of cosmetology. Rejuvenating serums and creams are prepared on the basis of arctic raspberry extract.

The compositions of tonic lotions do not do without it. Fresh arctic raspberry porridge and its juice are used in the treatment of dry and tight skin. Hair that is prone to brittleness and has lost its shine is rinsed with a strained decoction of leaves and flowers of northern raspberries.

In addition, the princess shrub is very beautiful - it can be used for borders of paths and flower beds, in the interior of the garden.

As you can see, the princess is really a unique plant. Not surprisingly, many modern countries have been cultivating Arctic raspberries for many years. Finland is in the lead, whose number of bred varieties is in the first place. Although, it is believed that there are no varieties of princesses in nature. It just comes in different forms in different areas.

cultivation

Having decided to acquire an unpretentious northern raspberry in his garden plot, gardeners must take into account a number of conditions.

• Landing method. There are two options for reproduction of the princess: by seeds and by dividing the bush. If the second option is quite simple, then when propagating the plant with seeds, you should know that you can get the first harvest only after three years. The best varieties for planting princesses in the garden are those bred in Sweden: Linda, Anna, Beata and Sofia, as well as the Finnish Aura and Astra.
• Choice of landing site. Taking into account the conditions of the natural growth of the berry, the place for planting it should also be sufficiently moist, but in a place rich in sunlight and having a shadow.

To achieve sufficient moisture, it is worth making a recess in the ground the size of two bayonets of a shovel, placing drainage, thoroughly fertilized soil and planting a plant.

• Landing time. The plant is frost-resistant. The most favorable time for planting is the end of April - the beginning of May or September (1.5 months before severe frosts). The prince should be planted in beds. The distance between the beds, as well as the distance between the seedlings, should be 15-20 cm. Care must be taken to have two different varieties of the princess in the area for cross-pollination.
• Care. Like other garden growths, the berry requires timely watering, top dressing, weed removal and removal of dried and frozen parts. In areas characterized by special frosts, it is worth taking care of sheltering plants.
• Berry picking. Arctic raspberries are ready for harvest in mid-late July. It usually bears fruit until the end of August.

The advantages of Arctic raspberries are truly vast, and its unpretentiousness in cultivation leaves no doubt about the need for its cultivation.

See the next video for more about the benefits of the princess.