How to make a roof sheathing. Installation of the lathing of pitched roofs Purchase of building materials for wooden lathing

Tiled roofs have been used by man since time immemorial. One can even safely say that such a coating is a kind of standard for an exemplary neat roof of a house. Once used everywhere, tiles with the advent of sheet roofing materials have somewhat "gone to the side." This was quite understandable: laying large sheets is incomparably easier than piece parts, and the base for sheeting is mounted much easier. Thus, tiles from the category of ordinary roofing gradually "migrated" to the elite group, accessible not to everyone, due to the complexity and high cost of creating such a roof.

However, manufacturers of roofing materials, responding to consumer requests, found a very profitable solution - a "symbiosis" of sheet and tile covering was created. That is, the result is a combination of simplicity and speed of laying, affordable price and the possibility of self-assembly with an appearance that very reliably imitates natural piece tiling. We are definitely talking about metal roofing.

This roofing material immediately gained the highest popularity. One of the reasons for this success was, for sure, the possibility of doing the installation of the coating with your own hands. It is simple if the roof lathing under the metal tile was correctly mounted. So let's see how to independently perform this stage of work in accordance with all the rules.

A few words about the metal tile and the principles of its fastening on the roof

In order to correctly understand the principle of creating a crate for roofing from a metal tile, one must have an idea about the structure of this material and how it is generally attached to the base.

What is a metal tile

So, a metal tile is a profiled metal sheet covered with a special protective and decorative coating. The material of manufacture is most often steel - cold-rolled sheets with a thickness of 0.4 to 0.7 mm. Much rarer, but still found metal-tiled aluminum and even copper coatings. They are, of course, much more expensive than steel ones, so they are not in particularly wide demand.

On the production line, metal sheets are passed through special machines, where, with the help of special shaped rollers, they are given the desired relief due to the plasticity of the metal.

The relief of the coating is designed in such a way that it reliably imitates the natural tile coating. These are the so-called modules located in horizontal and vertical rows, each of which is ready-made and is a “dummy” of piece tiles.

This form of relief, in addition to purely decorative qualities, gives a few more "preferences":

• Provides free flow of rain or melt water - it just rolls down the "steps", and with proper installation, there are no prerequisites for stagnation.
• The given relief gives the metal sheet high spatial rigidity. So, the metal tile even outperforms the corrugated board in terms of the permissible load on the transverse bend, while not inferior in terms of the longitudinal bend.

Prices for metal tiles

metal tile

• The relief also serves as a kind of "castle" connecting adjacent sheets. Installation from this is greatly simplified, because even if desired, it is difficult to make a mistake. When laying the sheets, they are perfectly combined, overlapping modules one on top of the other, without requiring either longitudinal or transverse alignment. The overlap lines become almost imperceptible, and the tight fit of the "castle" sections guarantees reliable protection of the roof from leakage.

There are many varieties on sale, produced by domestic and foreign companies. Recently, small regional firms have appeared that have purchased and installed production lines, and now they independently produce metal tiles. acceptable quality from finished steel sheets coated, thereby satisfying the needs of demand in the locality and the nearby administrative area. But most often this is done anyway according to the “patterns” of well-established and proven models of well-known manufacturers.

Linear dimensions of sheets of metal

This publication does not aim to consider the aesthetic or operational advantages of metal tiles. We are more concerned with the question of how to ensure that these advantages are revealed in full force, that is, how to create all the necessary conditions for high-quality installation of the coating. But for this it is necessary to get acquainted with the geometric structure of the metal tile - with hermain lineparameters.

The main indicators are shown in the figure below:

1 - the total width of the sheet.

2 - useful sheet width. It is, of course, less than the general one, since the edge half-wave of the metal tile is designed to overlap with the adjacent sheet. When calculating the amount of material for the roof, they operate with this value.

3 - the total length of the metal tile sheet. It depends on the capabilities of a particular manufacturer and on the wishes of the customer. So, various companies offer consumers sheets with a length of 5 ÷ 6 to 8 meters. In fact, you can order material in such a way that one sheet covers the entire length of the slope from the eaves to the ridge. On the other hand, it is not always convenient for installation work at heights - they are difficult to lift a long sheet onto the roof without the risk of deformation. And, in general, it is undesirable to use sheets with a length of more than 4 meters. However, this rule is advisory in nature.

4 - module length or, as yet often referred to as the longitudinal pitch of a metal tile. But this parameter is extremely important for arranging the crate, since the distance between its guides depends on it.

The diversity in this parameter is not so great. Most often you have to deal with metal tiles module pitch of 350 mm. Roofing with large long modules of 400 mm is also popular. However, there are models with a length of "tiles" of 300 mm, and models of the "Retro" type are also more "discrete" - with a longitudinal wave pitch of 200 and even 150 mm.

5 - wave height - for profiles of different models can vary significantly. It is generally accepted that the higher the wave, the more pronounced the indicators of the spatial rigidity of the material and its resistance to external bending loads. True, this affects the useful width of the metal tile sheet - it becomes smaller.

6 - it is clear that since the sheet imitates the laying of a real tile, it has a stepped shape - each next module in the direction from bottom to top starts with a step. The height of this step can be different - from 10 to 20 or more mm, depending on the model.

Usually, in advertising materials and in the technical documentation for metal tiles, there is both a sketch of the coating and two diagrams - a longitudinal and transverse configuration of the sheet. Understanding such a scheme is not difficult at all. It is clear that the choice is always made primarily by the external qualities of the roofing material, but knowing its geometric parameters is still no less important.

Prices for ondulin

Below is a table that may help you make a preliminary selection of roofing material. Along with the illustration, it also shows the main linear parameters of the most popular models.

[table id=1924 /]

How does the metal tile adhere and attach to the base?

In order for the roofing material, even with its considerable spatial rigidity, to have the ability to withstand external loads (snow, wind, etc.), it must have a reliable support. And due to the fact that the metal tile is given a stepped shape, each of the modules should have a point, or rather, a support line. That is, each "lower tooth" or, as they are also called, the sole of the profile must rest against the crate element. How it looks is shown in the diagram:

Fastening to the crate is made by roofing screws, which are placed directly under the step. The layout of the fasteners may vary from model to model, but basically they are screwed through one wave, both horizontally and along the slope line. In the edge zones (along the cornice, pediment, valley and ridge and along the sheet overlap line) usually mount produced in each batten guide .

These rules, basically, predetermine the design of the crate for the metal tile.

General principles for the design of the crate

The crate under the metal tile can be created solid or sparse.

Solid crate

A solid crate is mounted from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB, at least 10 mm thick, or from boards, however, laying them not completely solid, but at intervals of about 10 mm. Both options have their drawbacks.

• A solid board of sheet materials is, of course, very even, without any level differences, which sometimes happens with the use of poorly calibrated boards. However, in the context of the topic under consideration, this is where all its advantages end. But there are drawbacks, and very significant ones.

- Firstly, this business is very expensive, since both OSB, and, in particular, plywood will cost much more than ordinary lumber.

- Secondly, the tightest fit of the metal tile at the base over the entire area is by no means a blessing. The high thermal conductivity of the coating will necessarily lead to the formation of condensate even with daily temperature fluctuations. But a ventilated gap for the free evaporation of moisture and the release of water vapor is not provided for with this installation. That is, moisture will begin to accumulate under the roofing with all the ensuing (sometimes it has to be taken even literally) consequences.

Thirdly, if you look again to the diagram where it is shown how the modules of the metal tile rest against the base, it becomes clear that such a crate, in general, is not required at all.

For flexible shingles - yes, this becomes the best foundation. But for sheets of metal tiles, it is quite possible to apply cheaper and more practical solutions.

Prices for ceramic tiles

ceramic tiles

• A solid crate of boards, which are located with a small clearance from one another. This design is recommended at small angles of roof slope when installing a roof made of corrugated board, slate or, for example, from ondulin.

But the metal tile is fundamentally different from the roofing mentioned above already in that it rests on the surface not along the entire length in the direction of the slope, but only along the line of steps between the modules.

Let's look at a similar diagram again:

As you can see, some of the guides, and - quite impressive, does not perform any bearing role at all, since the profiled sheet simply does not rely on them (circled for example with a large ellipse). In addition, it is impossible to exclude the possibility that during the installation of sheets of metal tiles, the self-tapping screw will fall either between the boards of the crate, or into the edge of the board, thereby causing a chip or not providing reliability attachment at this point.

In other words, there is no technological need for a continuous board crate, and in terms of the economy of spending materials, it will be great to lose to a sparse one. This can be clearly seen below, when it comes to materials.

Sparse crate under the metal tile

This option appears the most optimal. As it has probably already become clear, it is necessary to place the guide battens in such a way that the sole of each horizontal row of metal tile modules has both a reliable support from below and a sufficient width of the material for screwing in a roofing screw.

crate

The basis for the installation of roofing material is the crate. With its device, it is necessary to observe a lot of nuances and subtleties. That is why the crate under the metal tile should be carried out, if not by professionals, then using professional instructions.

First of all, you need to understand what a crate is. This term is used to refer to a structure of beams and boards attached to the rafters perpendicularly. The crate under the metal tile takes on the direct load from the roofing material and transfers it to the rafters, and then to the supporting structures of the entire building.

For the construction of the crate, the following types of materials are used:

• beam;
• boards;
• plywood.

There are several types of crate structures.

• Discharged.
• solid

Single-layer - structural elements are laid horizontally on the rafters, while the boards are parallel to the ridge.

Double layer - a double layer of sheathing is assumed. In this case, the second layer in the direction of the ridge along the overhang, sometimes the bars of the second slope are laid diagonally on the first slope.

The theory of the device of the lathing under the metal tile

Before the process of laying the roofing, care should be taken to create the best conditions for a strong and reliable flooring, since the construction of any type of roofing requires battens with different pitches. Boards for a counter-lattice under a metal tile can have different thicknesses. So, when buying a material for a crate with a thickness of 30 mm, in fact, elements will be obtained, the width of which will differ from those declared within 5 mm.

This phenomenon is observed almost always. The only exception is a calibrated planed board. That is why, preparation for the installation of the crate for laying metal tiles involves calibrating and leveling the boards.

This procedure allows you to exclude on adjacent rows and joints of battens that differ in width and thickness of the board. Since the use of different-sized boards, which differ significantly in size, will lead to difficulties in laying metal tiles.

Using a board with a thickness of 30 mm allows you to have a margin necessary for sawing, capable of reducing its thickness.

The board must withstand the weight of even a large person. Indeed, during the construction of the roof, it is planned to walk on the boards. An unedged or semi-edged board is not recommended for use in the construction of a crate.

Lathing under the metal tile

The step of the crate under the metal tile should be carried out according to the following rules:

The distance between the elements of the lathing bars is indicated in the instructions for the types of roofing. It is counted from the top of one board to the bottom of the second board.

The pitch of the sheathing is selected in accordance with the type of metal tile, since different pitches are required for different profiles.

Between the first two boards of the crate, the step value should be less than the elements of the bars.

The step of the crate under the metal tile is affected by the slope of the roof slope, as well as the size of the protrusion of the roof beyond the outer bar of the crate.

The calculation of the crate step can be influenced by the presence of a downpipe, which can have a different width and configuration. When fixing the drain to the frontal board, it is nailed to the ledge. An important role is played by the diameter of the gutter. So, for example, with a gutter diameter of 9 cm, a protrusion of the same size is required, with 12 cm, a larger one.

The protrusion of the roofing material begins to be calculated either from the rafter cut or from the frontal board. Thus, the steeper the angle of the roof slope, the lower the metal should be lowered in order to even out the length of the protrusion. If the calculation is incorrect, then the crate of the metal tile may not be located where the metal tile should be fastened with self-tapping screws.

The distance between two boards is calculated using a level. Next, the distance from the top point of the very first wave to the edge of the lower part of the metal tile sheet is measured, make a mark.

From the very edge of the frontal board, it is necessary to draw a vertical line to the previously established level and make a mark. Between the two marks made, a certain distance will be obtained between the bottom of the first board and the top of the second board of the crate, taking into account the protrusion of the roofing material and the slope of the slope.

The first board of the sheathing should be made thicker, as this will help to avoid a hanging protrusion when fixing the roofing material.

The length of the other boards of the crate during the construction of the roof is measured from the top of the second board at regular intervals, corresponding to the roof profile. Marks must be applied through several rafters, as in the end the board may turn out to be crooked. In this case, measures will have to be taken to level it so that the roof lies firmly and evenly.

After the first three or four rows of the crate are completed, the rest of the boards, for convenience, can be laid on a slope.

Boards that are in the same row of battens should be connected on the rafters. Do not overlap boards under roofing material. The difference in the joints must be made along the rafters.

We draw your attention to the fact that the crate should be joined on one rafter. This will ensure the rigidity of the structure.

Also, do not forget that the laying and calculation of the crate must be done from top to bottom. And also take into account the length of the rest of the roofing material.

We draw your attention to the fact that the crate should be joined on one rafter. This will ensure the rigidity of the structure. Also, do not forget that the laying and calculation of the crate must be done from top to bottom. And also take into account the length of the rest of the roofing material.

Installation of the crate under the metal tile: step-by-step instruction

It is necessary to select a beam for rafter legs of the following size: at least 5 by 15 cm, and under the crate at least 2.5 by 10 cm. for a counter-lattice, a board 2.5 by 5 cm is ideal.

The rafter step for the crate should be about 6-9 cm.

The initial board is nailed strictly along the cornice overhang so that it does not go beyond it.

Please note that the thickness of the first board should be a couple of centimeters more than the rest. This is necessary to compensate for the level of the support points of the entire tile module.

The step of the elements of the crate is assumed to be such that the distance between the first board and the cornice is at least 5 cm, and between the subsequent ones - 30-40 cm. Between the rest of the boards, the pitch of the crate should be equal to the pitch of the metal tile profile, that is, 35-40 cm.

In order to check whether the distance between the first two boards of the crate is correctly chosen, it is necessary to lay out two plank cuts on the ground, parallel to each other and at a certain distance, tile elements are placed on them and it is determined whether the roof protrusion is sufficient for water flow. If the protrusion is too large, water may overflow the edge of the gutter. Too little protrusion will cause water to be blown between the front board and the gutter. In addition, there is some possibility of deformation of the sheets under the load from the snow.

Marking must begin with the first board facing the eaves. Perform e with a tape measure.

Above the crate, a wind board should be arranged. Depending on the type of tile, the height of the sheet can vary from 3.5 to 5.5 cm.

In the places where the ridge is attached, for greater strength, additional boards are clogged, with a section of 3 by 10 cm. This should also simplify its further installation.

In the process of planning an organized drain, before starting the installation of the roofing material, it is necessary to install brackets to secure the gutters. The eaves pan is mounted before installation of a metal tile on an overhang of a roof.

To begin with, it is necessary to determine the places for fixing the bracket, which are fixed in increments of 5-6 cm and fixed along the bottom of the crate.

The gutter is inserted into the brackets and fixed. The cornice plank is attached to the crate in such a way that the edge of the gutter is covered by the edge of the plank. It is this overlap that is able to ensure the flow of condensate from the bar into the gutter. The length of the overlap must be at least 10 cm.

Lathing device for metal roofing: solid batten option

In construction, a continuous type of crate is used. It is laid out with the help of beams, between which there should be gaps of 1-2 cm, and in a discharged crate - about 3-5 cm. In addition to metal tiles, a solid crate is also suitable for various types of soft roofs and various types of natural slate.

Please note that a solid crate should be located on the overhangs of the cornices and on the sloped intersections of the roof (ribs, valleys, ridge).

Before starting the installation of a continuous crate, you should take care of the anti-condensation film. If, according to the plan, the roof structure provides for insulation (as is the case with a residential attic), then it is necessary to use a film to protect the insulation from condensation and blowing. If you do not use the film, most likely the attic room will turn out cold and damp. Since the truss structures and the crate will remain unprotected from the effects of the environment.

We also draw your attention to the fact that the selected film must be laid over the rafters, from the bottom of the roof.

Horizontal strips overlap each other by about 15 cm. Also, do not stretch the film. For its best functioning, sagging of several centimeters is necessary. The film is fixed along the rafters with special bars, the width of which, in cross section, is equal to the width of the rafters themselves, and the thickness, at the same time, is at least 4 cm.

After the installation of the film flooring over the entire roof is completed, the next step is the installation of a crate under the metal tile, on which the metal tile will subsequently be fixed. In the case when the roof structure does not provide for the flooring of the film insulator, then the horizontal crate is fixed directly on the rafters. The boards used for the lathing device should be treated with antiseptic solutions and have a cross section of about 3 cm. Any so-called inch board will do here. In this case, it must be taken into account that the boards must be adjusted, both in length and in thickness. It is on this that the even position of the roof elements depends. However, the bottom board should be a couple of centimeters thicker than the rest.

The first board should be attached at the bottom of the rafters. The boards must be fixed in several places with self-tapping screws or nails, this is necessary so that they do not turn out. The step of the plank flooring can be equal to the step of the wave of the tiles, or be continuous, without gaps. In case of their curvature, fixing the sheets of metal tiles will be complicated.

Properly executed crate can significantly reduce the percentage of noise arising from exposure to wind, rain and other weather disasters.

In the same way as in the case of a discharged crate, a solid crate is completely covered with a layer of waterproofing film. The end of the film is fixed along the roof eaves so that it hangs down and completely covers the roof surface.

We draw attention to the need to leave a distance between the laid film and the rafters. This distance should be about 2 cm. At the top of the waterproofing, bars should be fixed, on which a layer of counter-battens is later laid.

roof lathing

Bars should be taken with a minimum section of 4 by 2.5 cm. The next layer after the counter-lattice is nailed to the bars. In this case, you should be very careful about the calculation of the step of the metal-tiled wave. And it is at this distance that the crate bars should be placed.

The board facing the eaves should be installed several tens of centimeters wider than other boards for the crate.

The end plank of the crate is arranged above all other elements of the crate approximately at the height of the metal tile sheet.

At the ends of the ridge strip, in addition, a couple more boards should be laid, carefully securing them. This is necessary to enhance the strength of the structure.

In the rafter system, the ridge board must be securely fastened.

The gutter for the drain is attached to the lowest board of the roof batten.

In places near valleys, pipes and along the perimeter of dormer openings and skylights, the counter-lattice is laid in a continuous method.

For internal and external sheathing, it is advisable to use anodized galvanized self-tapping screws or nails in the process of laying the roof. From ordinary nails, at the first rain, the lining will be damaged.

After the work on the construction of the crate is completed, the installation of the metal tile begins.

In conclusion, a few tips for building from wood:

• boards should be treated with antiseptic, refractory materials;
• after the laying of the boards is completed, make sure that the coating does not have sags, bumps or protruding hats from self-tapping screws and nails;
• the finished crate must be so strong that it does not bend under a person;
• for the manufacture of flooring it is worth using wide boards;
• well-dried material must be used;
• the joints of the boards on the rafters should be staggered;
• boards should be nailed along the edges, and hats should be sunk in wood;
• you should responsibly approach the purchase of building material; check the boards for warps, cracks and other structural changes.

As a result, the construction of the crate is not a complicated process, but a responsible one. The quality and service life of the roofing material depends on how well the installation is carried out.

For construction, it is extremely important to choose high-quality materials. Thus, if raw boards are used, the fasteners will not last long and will quickly loosen. Since the boards are subject to shrinkage, they will change in size over time, in the process of drying.

In addition, the construction of low-quality material is more susceptible to damage from snow loads.

To build a beautiful, comfortable home for a family is a city dweller's dream. Having studied all the subtleties of building art, you will be able to bring the idea to life. But, during the work, one of the main questions will be - how to make a roof crate? Approach it correctly, because the protective and aesthetic properties of the roof depend on the quality of execution.

The need for a frame

Before moving on to listing the types of roof battens, figure out what a batten is and what it is used for. The crate used for the roof of private buildings is a construction of wooden beams and boards. The process of installing a roofing system is necessary in order to:

• evenly distribute the load of a person who walks along the surface during its maintenance;
• fix the materials with high quality - a frame welded from metal or made of wood is used on the crate;
• correctly create a ventilation space between the ceiling and waterproofing, which protects the building from condensation;
• in a timely manner to prevent the accumulation of moisture in places of the border of warm and cold roofing layers;
• fully protect the rafters from the effects of weather precipitation (snow and ice).

The number of layers that the crate has will depend on the slope of the roof. For a shed roof, a horizontal single-layer coating is sufficient. The two-layer method involves working with the lower bearing bars fixed in increments of 50-100 cm. A layer of plywood or wooden boards is attached on top of it. The reception will save material and align with the help of the roof lathing the errors of the truss system.

Types of roof frames

Roofing needs a reliable and durable surface on which it will fit. An incorrect construction algorithm will lead to deformations, the lack of protective functions of the dwelling during bad weather.
Depending on the number and frequency of mounted strips, the type of material used, the angle of inclination, the frame is divided into the following types:

1. Double layer. It is used in cases where the maximum reinforcement of the structure is required. The first layer is laid with a large step, and the second - with a regular or without a gap.
2. Solid. It is carried out at intervals of about 1 cm and prevents the appearance of deformations during shrinkage or swelling of the tree.
3. Normal, with a step of 20-40 cm. It is mainly used to reinforce the coating of metal profile sheets.
4. Sparse. The gaps between the board reach 75 cm. It is used for lightweight floors.

In order to correctly select the right material, purchase a tool, you need to draw up a drawing of the crate and carry out preparatory manipulations.

Used materials and tools

It is difficult to choose a floor material for covering a building. Slate, corrugated board, tiles - which of these positions is suitable for overlapping? It all depends on your desires and financial capabilities.

Cost calculation

To find out how to make the crate correctly, you need to carry out calculations. The basic rule of construction is precise planning of costs and quantity of raw materials. For calculations, you will need the following data:

• roof size;
• material type;
• roofing structure.

If designing yourself seems like a daunting task, use an online program. Enter the size of the coating, all known parameters of the materials used - the program will automatically perform the calculation.

Purchase of building materials for wooden crates

Use dried wood, without visible defects. The presence of knots, cracks can lead to a violation of the integrity of the structure and to subsequent destruction. The following materials and tools are used for work:

• wooden beam with a section of 50 × 50, 60 × 60, 75 × 75 mm;
• edged boards for the crate with a section of 150 × 20, 150 × 50 mm;
• fasteners (self-tapping screws, nails) with a length twice the size of the beam;
• level, pencil, tape measure for marking;
• circular saw used when cutting roofing material;
• a hammer for nails or a screwdriver, if self-tapping screws are used.

Lumber must be marked and cut according to the drawing. If electrical equipment is not available, it can be bought or rented.

Installation technology

After completing the preliminary calculations, having purchased the necessary materials and tools, you can proceed with the installation. For different types of flooring, there are separate technological nuances. But the general order of production is as follows:

1. Carefully measure the roof after the truss frame is installed. To do this, it is necessary to check the diagonals on all slopes with a nylon cord. Deviations should not exceed 20 mm, because the run-up will cause difficulties in the further fastening of the roof.
2. Treat all wooden elements with antiseptic solutions to avoid rotting and insect damage.
3. Lay waterproofing materials on the rafters.
4. Install the bottom rails. Use for these purposes a beam of large section.
5. Continue the work by laying the boards with the selected pitch. For each type of flooring, it is selected individually. An incorrectly performed step can lead to weakening of the entire structure.
6. If it is necessary to make insulation, place mineral wool on the first layer, and, after that, a second layer of the crate can be made.
7. Lay the edge boards next to each other to use for the subsequent decoration of the ridge.
8. Fasten on both sides, and with a large overhang, make additional fixation.

These rules should be followed when installing the frame under any type of roofing material. But there are some minor differences.

Features of moisture protection of the crate

To create a waterproofing layer, vapor-barrier or hydro-barrier materials are used. When working with them, an overlap of 10-15 cm should be maintained. Waterproofing is mounted in the direction from the eaves to the ridges, with a slight tension. Ventilation holes are formed due to the sagging of the film material, which is fixed with a construction stapler.

How to make a crate for corrugated board?

The roof lathing under the corrugated board differs in some nuances. The profile sheet has a large load - a person can walk along it without fear of falling through. When working with a profiled sheet, consider several important nuances:

• for a corrugated roof, it is required to clearly maintain the step between the boards. Its distance can be varied from 50 to 150 cm, focusing on the wave of the material and its marking (sheets with the H index will be optimal for roofing systems);
• using sheets with a height of less than 35 millimeters for work, the step should be kept to a minimum. This will increase the strength and rigidity of the coating;
• the standard parameters of wooden planks are less than the size of the slope, so it is necessary to splice them;
• in the horizontals, the joints must be shifted so that the structure does not weaken;
• for corrugated board, special fasteners are used - galvanized self-tapping screws with rubber washers that prevent sheets from collapsing during fastening. The connection is carried out using rivets.

If a shed roof with a slight slope was built from a profile sheet, you need to make a solid frame from boards 60-70 mm wide. Nail heads are sunk as much as possible. The board for the crate is laid strictly at an angle of 45 degrees. Only well-dried wood is used so that warping does not occur when it is tightly packed.

Lathing for slate roofing - specificity

For crates under the slate, it is desirable to purchase bars of increased cross section. Three beams must be placed under each sheet to evenly distribute the load. Fastening is carried out with special slate nails in places where the wave touches the wood. Use lumber without deflections to ensure a tight, gap-free fit of the slate sheet.

We make a frame for a metal tile

In addition to profile sheets, there is another type of durable and durable coating - metal tiles. When building a house, it is placed in a single layer. The crate can be made by stuffing bars with a cross section larger than 1 mm onto the rafters. The construction step depends on the parameters of the tile. For a uniform fit of the roof, the frame is made as even as possible. The location of the boards is checked by the level.

Advantages of self-construction

The roof, installed in compliance with the requirements of the technological process, will last for many years, save your home from destruction. After studying the recommendations on the issue, you can personally perform time-consuming tasks. Having made a set of measurements with the required accuracy, following the recommendations for installation, you will receive solid and durable protection against all kinds of adversity, ensure peace and comfort of living in a country house.

Most materials are attached to the building envelope not directly, but through an "intermediary". This is both more convenient and, if necessary, simplifies repairs. In some cases, this method of installation is a mandatory technological condition. A specialized frame designed for such installations is called a crate. Further in the article, we will talk about how the crate is being installed, what it happens to be, and according to what rules it is calculated.

Although the most common design in which the crate is used is pitched roofs, there are other planes where it is suitable. The most popular option is a wooden crate, but there are also metal structures.

For example, when installing drywall, the same frame made of aluminum profiles is quite suitable for the definition of a crate.

If we summarize all the cases when the crate is arranged, we can deduce three large groups:

• Roofing device
• Installation of interior walls and partitions
• Creation of ventilated, hinged and other decorative facades

As a rule, in the last two cases, the crate really looks like a checkered structure. On the roof, the options can be very different.

The scheme of the carrier system is determined by the coating material used, and is calculated separately in each case.

According to this principle, the following types can be distinguished:

• The usual step of the crate - as a rule, is in the range of 20-40 cm between the bars or boards
• Sparse - when the distance between the elements is 50-75 cm, sometimes more
• Solid lathing - made of boards with a distance between them of up to 10 mm (a gap is made to avoid damage to the roof in case of swelling or drying of the boards). Dry tes is laid close, sometimes a grooved connection is arranged. Also, sometimes they arrange a structure made of solid sheet materials: OSB, moisture-proof chipboard or plywood

ADVICE! When arranging a crate from boards, each of them is attached to each rafter with two nails along the edges. It is impossible to nail the boards with one nail in the center, since if the roofing is twisted out, it can be damaged.

As a rule, the step of the lathing depends on the size of the roofing material and its rigidity: the greater the length of its unit, the less often the timber or boards are placed.

For example, for slate, the step can be up to 75 cm. For small-piece materials, such as tiles or shingles, as well as bitumen-based roll coatings, a continuous crate is installed.

She is also satisfied with the construction of roofs that are curved or have a complex shape.

The thickness of the crate can be different. Sometimes they arrange a crate in two layers. In this case, the lower layer can be sparse, and the upper layer can be continuous. The first level is arranged parallel to the roof ridge, and the second can be located perpendicular to it, or diagonally.

It also provides for the manufacture of a crate in two layers when laying a thick insulation - for example, foam plastic 100 mm thick. In this case, two 50x50 mm bars are stuffed sequentially across the rafters, one on top of the other.

Usually the crate is arranged from a bar 50x50, 50x60, 60x60 or 75x75 mm, as well as from a board from 20 to 50 mm. In this case, the width of the board should not exceed 150 mm, since a wider material is prone to increased deformation under the influence of dampness and temperature.

The calculation of the crate is carried out together with the truss system, since both the pitch of the beam and its cross section will depend on the pitch of the rafters.

Important information! The length of fasteners (nails or self-tapping screws) is taken as double the thickness of the lathing material). For example, for a bar 50x50 - this is 100 mm. Sheathing is fastened to each roof rafter.

Boards and timber should not have protruding knots and other defects, and for fragile coating materials, such as slate, and significant depressions.

The order of work is usually the following:

• If there are bulges on the rafters at the points where the beam passes, they are cut off
• In the case when a vapor barrier device is planned, it is laid on the rafters, fixed with a stapler. At the same time, the laying starts from the ridge, with the overlapping of the panels through it. If the membrane is transparent, the measuring cords can be removed completely. Otherwise, the film is slipped under the twine when laying
• If there are recesses on the rafters under the future timber, they are leveled with stuffed rails, a set of pieces of roofing material of the desired thickness
• Beams or boards begin to be fixed from the ridge beam, depending on the coating material and the chosen method of arranging the ridge assembly - at a distance from the run from 40 to 150 mm for each slope
• As a rule, the crate is installed in pieces, while simultaneously closing the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slope, determined by the length of the existing beam or board. Then move on to the next run.

Important information! It rarely happens that a wooden crate is made from a solid board or timber. As a rule, the standard length of lumber is much less than the length of the slope. Therefore, the elements of the crate have to be spliced ​​along the length. This is done in such a way that the joint of the beam falls on the rafters, the edges of both spliced ​​pieces are fastened with nails. It is important to ensure that in adjacent horizontal rows the joints are displaced, falling on different bars. To do this, the lumber is cut to the appropriate length.

• Regardless of what the main distance between, in the places of valleys and grooves (concave joints of slopes), it is arranged solid, possibly using sheet material, sometimes tin
• Under the elements passing through the roof - various parapets or chimneys, their own crate is arranged, which is calculated separately. For example, for a chimney - it should be in any part of it at a distance of at least 150, and without thermal insulation for ceramic pipes - and 250 mm

ADVICE! The lathing should be arranged in dry weather, immediately before laying the roofing material. Wet bars or boards will definitely begin to warp

• Immediately after the installation of the crate, a layer of insulation is laid, if one is designed, and a waterproofing film is attached over the beams with a stapler

With the advance calculation and cutting of lumber, the installation of the crate is greatly accelerated and takes less effort. Therefore, additional time should be devoted to preliminary preparation, and it should be done qualitatively.

When building your own home, an important process for decorating a roof is creating a crate. The level of protective properties of the future roof and the external attractiveness of the entire structure as a whole depend on the quality of the work performed.

To create a reliable roof yourself, first familiarize yourself with important concepts and its schematic structure.

Roof frame - rafters that perform a load-bearing function.

The crate of the roof of the house is a structure made of beams and boards of various sections, which is mounted on the rafters. It contributes to the rational distribution of the load from ice, roofing material, snow masses. Another important value is the creation of ventilation due to the gap between the insulating material and the decorative flooring.

Types of crates

When deciding the question “how to make a roof crate”, you need to clearly imagine what it can be. This approach will help you make the right decision and create the most suitable type of structure. The main criteria for the difference are the number of layers and the frequency of mounting rails.

Construction types

• solid (the gap between the bars is not more than 1 cm)
• slightly sparse (interval sizes from 3-4 cm)
• sparse, it is also ordinary (intervals from 30 to 75 cm and above)
• two-layer
• single layer

How to choose the right type of crate?

Make the choice of technology, taking into account the type of roof and flooring. Also, these criteria will affect the choice of material for the construction of the crate.

Important! The technology of lathing a flat roof is not particularly different from a pitched one. It is much easier to perform, especially if the angle of inclination is less than 2.5 degrees. In this case, its cost will be much cheaper.

How much does a crate cost?

In order to calculate the roof sheathing, use a specially created computer program for calculating the amount of material needed. Enter the roof and consumable parameters that you know, after which the calculation will be performed automatically.

Important! Roof parameters, consider not only those shown in the diagram. Measure real indicators - often they do not match. Also note the placement and width of the drain - its parameters affect the length of the roof, that is, respectively, and the total area.

Instruments

Prepare the following tools for the job:

Installation of the roof lathing under the metal tile

If you chose metal tiles as a roofing material, pay attention to the following nuances in the process of creating the crate:

Consumable

• bars with a section of 30-40 mm
• boards with a section of 20-25 mm more (for installing the lower beam)
• bars with a section of 20-30 mm
• anti-condensation film
• galvanized hardware (screws, nails)
• wood preservative.

Mounting technology

Important! Do not stretch the film.

Important! The length of the hardware is determined by the thickness of the timber. For reliable fastening, the length of nails and screws must necessarily exceed it by 3 times.

Video

The video will help you visually understand the process of creating a crate for a metal tile.

Roof sheathing for corrugated board

Among the distinctive features of corrugated board as a roofing material, we highlight the possibility of its installation even on roofs with a slight slope. At the same time, when doing the roof lathing with your own hands, followed by the installation of sheet material, clearly follow the conditions of the technology. This will ensure the duration and reliability of operation.

The choice of technology is based on the angle of the roof slope:

Important! It is advisable to use a two-layer construction to create a reliable and durable support for the profile sheet.

Expendable materials

Sequence of work

Important! Between the first two beams, make the gap a little larger, taking into account the degree of load.

Important! Around chimneys, pipes, vents and fire holes, make a solid roof sheathing to give the necessary rigidity.

Lathing under a soft roof

The main requirement for a crate for soft tiles is smoothness and density in order to preserve the integrity of the future coating during installation.

Material required for work

• edged calibrated planed board 14 cm wide
• plywood sheets
• roofing film
• film fasteners
• roofing hardware.

Sequencing

Slate roof sheathing

If you chose slate as a roofing material, then the basic rules for creating a crate will be similar to the above technologies. But, there are some distinctive nuances.

Material used

• Bars: 75x75 mm - for a regular profile 68x120 mm - for a wavy
• roofing nails
• waterproofing film
• solution for additional protection of wood.

Technology

Apply a slightly sparse installation method for flat slates and a sparse one with a large gap between the bars for a corrugated profile.

1. Carry out the installation of the insulating film in accordance with the rules described above.
2. Install the bars starting from the bottom edge of the roof.
3. Align the first beam along the cornice line, strictly observing the horizontal.
4. Install subsequent boards in increments of 50 cm for a regular slate profile and 80 cm for a wavy one.
   

   Important! The even bars must be thicker or 3 cm higher than the odd bars. This principle will help prevent the curvature of slate sheets.

Secure all the beams with roofing nails.

Important! The support of each slate sheet should fall on the edges and the middle, that is, the load is distributed in three places.

How to make a roof crate for rolled material?

In this case, use exclusively solid mounting technology or, if it is necessary to install a double layer, make only the lower one sparse.

Consumable

• grooved boards: thickness - from 200-250 mm, width 100-150 mm
• tongue-and-groove boards with rounded edges
• antiseptic for material processing
• nails
• anti-condensation film
• a strip of roofing steel 30 cm wide.

Mounting sequence

The preparatory process is no different from creating a sheathing for other types of roofs - make waterproofing and process wood.

1. Fasten a strip of steel intended for roofing along the entire length of the ridge.
2. Mount a solid crate, starting from the eaves, placing the joints of the boards in a checkerboard pattern.

Important! Be sure to check the fit of the boards to each other.

1. Mount boards with rounded edges at the ends of the roof to prevent damage to the soft flooring and to create the possibility of convenient tucking of soft material.
2. Secure with nails, sinking the hat into the thickness of the wood.
3. Check the absence of bumps and protruding nails at the end of the installation, if any - fix it.
4. Check the strength of the created structure, the indicator will be the absence of deflections under the person.

When laying a double layer of lathing for the outer layer, use slats 5-7 cm thick. In this case, install at an inclination of 45 degrees.

Video

The attached video of the process of creating the crate will help you better understand the technology.

Conclusion

From the entire installation process described above for different types of roofs, we can conclude that the basic principles of the technology are similar, the difference is in the nuances that are of particular importance. Therefore, it is not surprising that the price for the roof lathing will vary in accordance with the complex of selected materials.

Despite the apparent simplicity of the construction process when creating the crate, pay special attention to the accuracy of the parameters of the materials used and the observance of the technology stages. Only when these conditions are met, the lathing will become a reliable solid foundation for roofing and ensure long-term operation.