The film has high expectations. Charles Dickens' novel "Great Expectations"
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) is the greatest English writer of the 19th century. The works of C. Dickens have not lost their popularity in our time. But if in childhood our parents read his books "Oliver Twist" And "David Copperfield", then today film adaptations of the works of this writer are no less popular. So, not only children, but also adults look at Christmas based on Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol". However, this article will focus on another famous work by Dickens, written by him at the peak of his fame. And it's so contradictory and multifaceted novel Great Expectations.
Great Expectations is Charles Dickens' favorite novel. The success of the novel was obvious, Charles Dickens thought through everything to the smallest detail, he not only managed to make his novel interesting for everyone, but also accessible. Indeed, in the 19th century, few could afford to buy books, it required money, and most people lived on very small means. Then Dickens decided to publish his large-scale novel in editions. The work was divided into 36 parts, and they came out every week. It would seem that one problem is solved, but will people buy this novel? Will they follow the releases? To attract the attention of readers, and then to support him, Dickens combined in one work various types of romance.
Types of the novel in the work of C. Dickens "Great Expectations"
1. Gothic novel - Gothic Novel
As you know, people have always been drawn to something mysterious, and Dickens decided to add mystery to his work by adding the features of a Gothic novel there. So, the novel begins with a scene in a cemetery where a lonely boy wandered one evening.
Imagine, there is no one around. Only graves overgrown with nettles and dark crosses. A piercing wind blows, and around, wherever you look, a marshy plain stretches along which, meandering, slowly creeps to the sea a gray river. The boy finds the grave of his parents and plunges into memories. Suddenly….
Also not the last place in the novel is a gloomy old mansion that looks like a haunted house. Beautifully furnished, with collections of butterflies, the house of the rich but crazy Miss Havisham is shrouded in darkness and mystery. It seems that the house is a reflection of the inner world of its mistress. Years of dust, long-stopped clocks, as if the house had long been abandoned, and within its walls Miss Havisham was nothing but a ghost. She, like the house itself, keeps some kind of terrible secret, the solution of which we will find out only at the end.
2. Secular Romance - Silver Fork Novel
3. Social novel - The Social Purpose Novel
Among other things, this is a social novel - a moralistic novel. Here the writer raises such serious problems that concern society, such as class inequality, child labor. In general, it should be noted that the theme of "child labor" is touched upon by the writer in many of his works, for example, "Oliver Twist", "David Copperfield". Perhaps because his own childhood was crippled by the lack of that same family well-being. Due to his extravagance, the father of the Dickens family (by the way, Charles Dickens was the second child in their large family), ended up in prison for debts. In order to somehow support the existence of the family, his mother sent Charles to work in a factory. For a fragile and creative 12-year-old child, working in a wax factory has become overwhelming work. But even after the father's release from prison, the mother forced her son to continue working, for which the future writer could not forgive her. The writer's childhood can hardly be called joyful, he had to grow up early, which is probably why so often in his works we see pictures of happy families, where children enjoy their youth without worrying about anything. Having matured, Dickens himself created the family that he could only dream of as a child. He, the head of a large family, was proud that he was able to support his family and not refuse them anything. Charles Dickens and Katherine Hogarth had 10 children. An interesting article about Ch. Dickens is on this site —> http://www.liveinternet.ru/community/1726655/post106623836/ After all, this was exactly what he himself lacked once. It must be said that the family occupied a central place in Victorian society. The ideal family at that time was considered a large family. An example of such a family was King George's familyIII(grandfather of Queen Victoria).
4. Detective novel - Newgate Novel
Within the framework of the work, a detective novel also fit. The first scene in the novel begins with the appearance of escaped convicts, then this episode is gradually forgotten, but the writer never does anything just like that, and after all, as is customary, if a gun hangs in a room in a work, then it will definitely shoot at the end. Gradually, the plot becomes more and more intricate and therefore more interesting.
5. Love novel - Love Novel
And, finally, where without a love story. The love story of Pip and Estella is complicated by the fact that they are people of a different social class. As a very young boy, Pip was brought to the house of the wealthy Miss Havisham. Then the poor family of Pip thanked fate for the fact that their boy was attached to this house. However, everything was not as rosy as it seemed at first glance. Estella looked down on him as Miss Havisham had taught her, for she was to be a lady, while Pip was to be a blacksmith. This love story runs throughout the novel.
A few words about the main characters of the novel "Great Expectations" and their prototypes
First of all, let's recall some facts from, notable for the fact that they have much in common with the life of the main characters of the novel. So, at the very beginning of the work, the author paints us a bleak picture of Pip's childhood. The older sister of the protagonist Pip remains to him instead of his mother. She is very strict, if not harsh, on her nephew. Already knowing about the childhood of the writer, it is easy to guess that her prototype is Dickens' mother.
In addition to the prototype of the mother, there is a hero whose features remind us writer's father. And this is the convict Abvil Magvich, as we remember, his father was also in prison for debts. Abvil Magwich paternally follows the life of a completely alien boy, and throughout the novel helps him. The writer's father would also be happy to help his son, he did not demand money from him, as his mother did, so the writer did not have the hostility towards his father that he had for his mother.
We have already mentioned the love line of Estella and Pip. Note that this girl is being raised by a half-crazy woman who doomed herself to a slow death in an empty house. Full of hatred and resentment, she tries to inspire her pupil with the same feelings. As a result, Estella, obeying her "mother", rejects Pip, the one she loves. Charles Dickens himself suffered a similar disappointment, whom he rejected Maria Bidnell, his first love.
And finally, in the novel, the noble blacksmith Joe, the husband of Pip's sister, already at the age of 40 marries a young girl, Bidda, and this marriage turns out to be a happy one, Charles Dickens himself cherished such a hope. In 1857, already in adulthood, he also fell in love with a young 18-year-old actress Ellen Terman.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the novel by Charles Dickens is not just great, but the greatest work of all time! Reading the life story of a poor boy and experiencing all the ups and downs with him, we cannot contain our emotions. Although life is sometimes cruel and unfair to the heroes of the work, they manage to overcome all adversity and achieve their goal. Turning page after page, we cannot tear ourselves away from the book, and now, at first glance, a voluminous novel already lies read on our table.
In the UK, in particular, near the city of Rochester lived the boy Pip, who was 7 years old and his older sister. He was left without parents, and his sister brought him up strictly. She had a husband, Joe Gargery, a good-natured and simple blacksmith who always protected Pip.
The story that Pete tells begins with the fact that in the cemetery he meets a convict who escaped from prison. He forces the boy to bring him food and planks to remove his shackles. Pete with difficulty, tormented by inner feelings and fears, manages to do this. Some time later, a stranger in a tavern gives him 2 pounds.
Meanwhile, Pip starts working at the home of Miss Havisham, who was abandoned by her fiancé on her wedding day. It was his duty not to let Lady Hashim get bored, to entertain her and her pupil Estella. She inspired her to break the hearts of men. Pip began to take a liking to Estella. With the money he earned, he went as an apprentice to Joe, but was afraid in every possible way that Estella would see him doing menial work and despise him.
Some time later, he met Mr. Jagger, who told him that he would inherit a large fortune if he left the city. And Pete agreed.
In London, Pip rented an apartment with Herbert Pocket. He easily manages to integrate into society. He imitates his friends, takes lessons from mentors. At the same time, Pip's sister dies.
When Pii was alone in the apartment, a man came to his doorstep, the same escapee from prison. Thanking Pip, he said that Pip's condition was his doing. And from this, Pip experienced a huge disappointment. The man's name was Abel Magwitch.
From him, Pip learned that he was being pursued by a second convict, who was Miss Havisham's fiancé. Gradually, Pip realizes that Abel is Estella's father, but does not tell anyone about this for the benefit of Estella, who at that time is married to Druml.
Pip receives a letter asking him to come to the swamp. It was written by Orlik, Joe's assistant. Orlik started a grudge against Pip and wanted to kill him. When it seems that there is no way out, Herbert comes to his aid. Magwitch, who wanted to escape, was captured. He was sentenced to death, but died from his wounds. Until his last breath, Pip was by his side, expressing his deep gratitude to him and talking about the fate of his daughter.
Eleven years later, Pip returns to his native place. He works with his friend Herbert, who has a family of his own. Joe is also married and has children: a son and a daughter. Pip really wants to see his first love. Rumors reach him that she is divorced. In hope, he comes to the old house and meets Estella there. Hand in hand, they leave.
The novel Great Expectations teaches us how to find our happiness no matter what, not to lose ourselves by getting more money, because resentment and envy can make a beast out of a person.
Picture or drawing Great Expectations
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In the vicinity of Rochester, an old town southeast of London, lived a seven-year-old boy named Pip. He was left without parents, and he was brought up "with his own hands" by his older sister, who "possessed a rare ability to turn cleanliness into something more uncomfortable and unpleasant than any dirt." She treated Pip as if he were "taken under the supervision of a police obstetrician and handed over to her with the suggestion to act to the fullest extent of the law." Her husband was the blacksmith Joe Gargery - a fair-haired giant, docile and rustic, only he, as best he could, protected Pip.
This amazing story, told by Pip himself, began on the day when he ran into a runaway convict in a cemetery. He, on pain of death, demanded to bring "grub and files" in order to free himself from the shackles. How much effort it took for the boy to secretly collect and hand over the bundle! It seemed that every floorboard shouted after: "Stop the thief!" But it was even more difficult not to give himself away.
They had hardly stopped talking about the prisoners, when in a tavern some stranger imperceptibly showed him a file and gave him two pound tickets (it is clear from whom and for what).
Time passed. Pip began to visit a strange house in which life stopped on the day of the failed wedding of the hostess, Miss Havisham. She grew old, not seeing the light, sitting in a decayed wedding dress. The boy was supposed to entertain the lady, play cards with her and her young pupil, the beautiful Estella. Miss Havisham chose Estella as an instrument of revenge on all men for the one who deceived her and did not appear at the wedding. “Break their hearts, my pride and hope,” she repeated, “break them without pity!” Estella's first victim was Pip. Before meeting her, he loved the craft of a blacksmith and believed that "the forge is a sparkling path to independent living." Having received twenty-five guineas from Miss Havisham, he gave them for the right to become an apprentice to Joe and was happy, and a year later he shuddered at the thought that Estella would find him black from rough work and despise him. How many times he imagined her fluttering curls and haughty eyes outside the window of the forge! But Pip was a blacksmith's apprentice, and Estella was a young lady who was to be educated abroad. Upon learning of Estella's departure, he went to the shopkeeper Pumblechook to listen to the heartbreaking tragedy "George Barnwell". Could he have imagined that a real tragedy awaits him on the threshold of his home!
People crowded around the house and in the yard; Pip saw his sister, struck down by a terrible blow to the back of the head, and next to him lay shackles with a sawn-off ring. The constables tried unsuccessfully to find out whose hand had struck. Pip suspected Orlik, the worker who helped in the smithy, and the stranger who showed him the files.
Mrs. Jo was having difficulty recovering and needed care. Therefore, Biddy, a pretty girl with kind eyes, appeared in the house. She kept house and kept up with Pip, taking every opportunity to learn something. They often talked heart to heart, and Peep confessed to her that he dreams of changing his life. “You want to be a gentleman to annoy that beautiful woman who lived with Miss Havisham, or to woo her,” Biddy guessed. Indeed, memories of those days "like an armor-piercing shell" shattered good intentions to share with Joe, marry Biddy and lead an honest working life.
One day, a tall gentleman with a contemptuous expression appeared in the tavern at the Three Merry Sailors. Pip recognized him as one of Miss Havisham's guests. It was Jagger, a lawyer from London. He announced that he had an important assignment for Cousin Joe Gargery: Pip was to inherit a considerable fortune on the condition that he immediately leave this place, leave his former occupations and become a young man of great promise. In addition, he must keep the name Pip and not try to find out who his benefactor is. Pip's heart began to beat faster, he could barely stammer out words of agreement. He thought that Miss Havisham had decided to make him a rich man and pair him with Estella. Jagger said that Pip received an amount that would be enough for education and life in the capital. As a future guardian, he suggested that Mr. Matthew Pocket be consulted. Pip also heard this name from Miss Havisham.
Having become rich, Pip ordered a fashionable suit, hat, gloves and completely changed. In his new guise, he paid a visit to his good fairy, who (he thought) had performed this miraculous transformation. She gladly accepted the grateful words of the boy.
The day of parting has come. Leaving the village, Pip burst into tears at the road post: "Farewell, my good friend!" The time of first hopes is over...
In London, Pip settled in surprisingly easily. He rented an apartment with Herbert Pocket, the son of his mentor, and took lessons from him. When he joined the Finches in the Grove, he littered the money, imitating his new friends in trying to spend as much as possible. His favorite activity was making a list of debts "from Cobbs, Lobs or Knobs." That's when Pip feels like a first-class financier! Herbert trusts his business qualities; he himself is only "looking around", hoping to catch his luck in the City. Spinning in the maelstrom of London life, Pip is overtaken by the news of his sister's death.
Finally Pip came of age. Now he will have to manage his property himself, part with the guardian, in whose sharp mind and enormous authority he has repeatedly been convinced; even in the streets they sang: "Oh Jaggers, Jaggers, Jaggers, the most necessary human!" On the day of his birth, Pip received five hundred pounds and the promise of the same amount annually for expenses "as a pledge of hope." The first thing Pip wants to do is to contribute half of his annual allowance so that Herbert gets the opportunity to work in a small company, and then become its co-owner. For Pip himself, hopes for future accomplishments fully justify inaction.
Once, when Pip was alone in his dwelling - Herbert had gone to Marseilles - suddenly steps were heard on the stairs. A powerful gray-haired man entered, he did not need to get files or other evidence from his pocket - Pip instantly recognized that same runaway convict! The old man began to warmly thank Pip for an act committed sixteen years ago. During the conversation, it turned out that the source of Pip's prosperity was the money of the fugitive: "Yes, Pip, my dear boy, I made a gentleman out of you!" As if a bright flash lit up everything around - so many disappointments, humiliations, dangers suddenly surrounded Pip. So Miss Havisham's intentions to raise him up to Estella are just a figment of his imagination! So, Joe the blacksmith was abandoned for the whim of this man, who risks being hanged for illegally returning to England from an eternal settlement ... All hopes collapsed in an instant!
After the appearance of Abel Magwitch (that was the name of his benefactor), Pip, filled with anxiety, began to prepare for his departure abroad. The disgust and horror experienced at the first moment were replaced in Pip's soul by a growing appreciation for this man. Magwitch was hidden in the house of Clara, Herbert's fiancée. From there, it was possible to swim unnoticed along the Thames to the mouth and board a foreign steamer. From Magwitch's stories, it was revealed that Compeson, the second convict caught in the swamps, was the same dirty deceiver, Miss Havisham's fiancé, and he still pursues Magwitch. In addition, according to various hints, Pip guessed that Magwitch was Estella's father, and her mother was Jagger's housekeeper, who was suspected of murder, but acquitted by the efforts of a lawyer, and then Jagger took the baby to the rich lonely Miss Havisham. Needless to say, Pip swore to keep this secret for the benefit of his beloved Estella, despite the fact that by this time she was already married to the rogue Druml. Thinking about all this, Pip went to Miss Havisham to get a large sum of money for Herbert. Leaving, he looked back - her wedding dress flared up like a torch! Pip, in despair, burning his hands, put out the fire. Miss Havisham survived, but, alas, not for long...
On the eve of the upcoming flight, Pip received a strange letter inviting him to a house in a swamp. He could not imagine that Orlik, holding a grudge, became Compeson's henchman and lured Pip in order to take revenge on him - to kill and burn him in a huge furnace. It seemed that death was inevitable, but faithful friend Herbert arrived in time to cry. Now on the road! At first everything went well, only a chase appeared at the steamer itself, and Magwitch was captured and convicted. He died of his wounds in the prison hospital before his execution, and his last moments were warmed by Pip's gratitude and the story of the fate of his daughter, who became a noble lady.
Eleven years have passed. Pip works in the eastern branch of the company with Herbert, having found peace and care in a friend's family. And here he is again in his native village, where he is met by Joe and Biddy, their son, named Pip, and the baby daughter. But Pip hoped to see the one he never stopped dreaming about. There were rumors that she buried her husband... An unknown force draws Pip to an abandoned house. A woman's figure appeared in the mist. It's Estella! “Isn't it strange that this house reconnected us,” said Pip, took her by the hand, and they walked away from the gloomy ruins. The fog cleared. "Wide expanses spread out before them, not overshadowed by the shadow of a new parting."
This post was inspired by reading a novel.Charles Dickens"Great Expectations" is about a young man named Philip Pirrip (Pip) who is torn between his desire to become a gentleman and move in the upper strata of English society and the desire to keep what he had when he lived in a simple family in the most ordinary village.Summary
Charles Dickens' novel "Great Expectations" tells the story of the boy Pip. Pip is brought up by his own sister, who does not love him and keeps him strict. She treats her husband Joe Gargery the same way. The family is the most ordinary, completely poor: Joe works as a blacksmith, his sister runs the household. Only Joe is cordial to Pip. One day while visiting the cemetery where Pip's parents are buried, Pip meets an escaped convict who asks him to bring food and a saw to remove his shackles. Pip was very frightened, but complied with the request by stealing food from his sister's pantry. Soon the escaped criminals (there were 2 of them) were caught, and Pip and Joe participated in their search out of curiosity.
One of Joe's distant relatives, Mr. Pumblechook, a narrow-minded and unintelligent person, recommended Pip to the wealthy but eccentric Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham spent all her time in her house, mourning her failed wedding (she fell in love with herself, robbed and abandoned by the fraudster Compeson, ironically one of the two escaped convicts). She needed Pip to entertain her. He began to go to her and play with her ward Estella, a young, beautiful and arrogant girl, adopted by Miss Havisham a long time ago. Pip did not know why he was doing this, but he continued to visit Miss Havisham. A few months later, Miss Havisham helped get Pip an apprentice job with Joe, giving Joe a substantial amount of money for Pip's tuition. So Pip began to learn the blacksmith's trade, which he once loved, but now that he met Estella, it seemed to him rude and unpleasant. Pip passionately wanted to become a gentleman, for which he began to learn to read and write from the local village girl Biddy (she was secretly in love with him).
Once, when Pip was in the city, his sister was attacked and became disabled (Pip suspected hired worker Joe Orlick, who had recently quarreled with his sister). The family's way of life changed, Biddy moved in to take care of Pip's sister. Meanwhile, unexpected but pleasant news fell upon Pip: a certain stranger wished to leave him a lot of money so that he could become a gentleman. Pip thought it was Miss Havisham who did it, but the terms of the agreement made it strictly forbidden to try to find out who this stranger was. Pip got a guardian-manager, Mr. Jaggers. He takes over Pip's business. Pip moves to London and chooses to be mentors by Matthew Pocket, a relative of Miss Havisham who is unwilling to fawn over her for her money. Pip moves in with his son Matthew Herbert, whom he once got into a fight with when he visited Miss Havisham for the first time.
Pip is learning, learning good manners. He does not visit his native home, because he believes that this society is inappropriate for him. Estella, who has studied abroad, returns to Miss Havisham. Pip falls in love with her. This is how several years pass: Pip lives in London in a big way, makes debts, communicates with Herbert, takes lessons from his father. Peep never went to Joe's in all that time. Such a chance was presented to him only in connection with the death of his sister, he goes to the funeral and promises to visit Joe often, but does not do this even once.
Pip soon finds out who his patron was: much to his surprise, he turned out to be the same runaway convict Abel Magwitch, to whom he once brought food, stealing it from home. This man, as it turned out, was involved in Miss Havisham's misfortune, it was his accomplice Compeson who made her fall in love with him, lured her out of a lot of money and left her just before the wedding (Miss Havisham never recovered from this all her life). Abel decided at all costs to thank Pip for his kindness and make him a gentleman. This broke Pip, since Abel was unpleasant to him, and also Pip was forced to give up the hope of being with Estella, because he thought that Miss Havisham was his patron, and that she prepared Estella for him.
Pip also loses Estella, as she marries a man hated by Pip. Pip is trying to save Abel Magwitch from the gallows, as he returned to England illegally - many years ago he was expelled without the right to return. He was very successful in his new homeland, earning a lot of money, some of which he sent to Pip's guardian. Now he decided to permanently move to London and watch Pip spend his money "like a real gentleman."
Pip discovers that Abel Magwitch's absence from his new homeland has been noticed and that London has been searched for him. He also suspects that he is being followed. Pip begins to bide his time to organize Abel's escape to another country. He also goes to Miss Havisham to secretly set up Herbert's business (Miss Havisham was supposed to pay for him a share in the firm). Miss Havisham, much changed from having raised Estella insensitive, agreed to pay Herbert's share. As he was leaving Miss Havisham, Pip saw her dress set on fire by the fire. He saves her life, but does not return her will to live.
Pip and Herbert prepare for Abel's flight abroad. At the same time, Pip is lured into a trap by his old enemy Orlik (Joe's former apprentice), it was he who, as it turned out, hit Pip's sister (Joe's wife) and turned her into an invalid. Orlik wants to kill Pip because he hates him since Pip was a boy. Luckily for Pip, Herbert saves him. A few days later, Pip begins to put Abel's escape plan into action, they want to sail down the river in a boat to board a steamboat bound for the border. The escape fails, as Abel's old enemy Compeson (his former accomplice) turned him in to the authorities. Abel is arrested, but before doing so, Abel drowns Compeson and is fatally injured in the struggle.
Abel is tried and sentenced to capital punishment. Pip was with him the whole time. Not long before the sentence is carried out, Abel dies. Shortly before his death, Pip informs Abel that Estella is his daughter (by Jaggers' housekeeper). Pip falls ill and spends in unconsciousness and illness for quite a long time. Joe takes care of him again, who pays his debts for him, thereby saving him from debtor's prison. During this time, Miss Havisham dies, leaving everything to Estella (shortly before her death, they left a large amount of money also for Matthew Pocket, "on the recommendation of Pip." After Pip recovered, Joe leaves. Pip goes after him and finds out that Biddy has left Pip asks for their forgiveness and leaves them for many years, becoming a clerk in Herbert's office and moving abroad.After 11 years, Pip returns to his native land, visits Biddy and Joe and sees that they have children, son and daughter and son are named Pip, after him.Pip goes to the ruins of Miss Havisham's house and meets Estella, who was not happily married (her husband died), and they finally become friends.
Meaning
Dickens' novel Great Expectations shows how Pip gradually loses all his hopes, all of them go to dust: the desire to become a gentleman, and the desire to marry Estella, and the desire to maintain good relations with Joe and Biddy, and the desire to save Abel. Everything is destroyed. And Pip, morally wounded, continues to live on.
In Dickens' Great Expectations, Pip is shown tossing between his old circle and the circle where he would like to be. As a result, he became a stranger in his old circle and did not enter the new one. At the same time, he lost almost everything of value that he had. A good lesson for Pip was that he saw how honestly and sincerely simple workers live, while representatives of the "upper" class waste their time in idleness and meaninglessness. Remaining a direct and honest person, Pip could not feel at home in their close circle.
Output
Great Expectations by Dickens has been read with mixed success: sometimes easy, sometimes difficult. Rather liked it, so youI advise you to read "Great Expectations" by Dickens!
Charles Dickens' novel Great Expectations was first published in 1860 and became one of the writer's most popular works.
The first publication took place in the magazine "Krugly God", which was published by the author himself. The chapters of the novel were published within a few months: from December 1860 to August 1861. In the same 1861, the work was translated into Russian and published in the Russian Messenger magazine.
A seven-year-old boy named Pip (full name Philip Pirrip) lives in the house of his cruel sister, who constantly mocks him and insults him in every possible way. The grumpy woman haunts not only the nephew, but also her husband, the blacksmith Joe Gargery. Pip's parents died long ago, the boy often goes to the cemetery to visit their graves. Once Philip met a runaway convict. The man, intimidating the boy, demanded to bring him food. Pip was forced to comply with the order and secretly bring everything that was required of him from home. Fortunately for Pip, the convict was caught.
Woman in a wedding dress
Spinster Miss Havisham wants to find a friend for her adopted daughter Estella. Many years ago, this woman was deceived by her fiancé, who robbed her and did not come to the altar. Since then, Miss Havisham has been sitting in a gloomy room in a yellowed wedding dress and longs for retribution for all men. She hopes to achieve her goal with the help of Estella. The foster mother teaches the girl to hate all males, hurt them and break their hearts.
When Miss Havisham recommended Pip as a playmate, the boy began to visit the old maid's house often. Pip really likes Estella. He thinks the girl is beautiful. Estella's main flaw is arrogance. She was taught by her adoptive mother. Philip used to be fond of blacksmithing, which he learned from his uncle. Now he is embarrassed by his hobby, afraid that a new girlfriend will someday find him in the forge doing dirty work.
One day, the metropolitan lawyer Jaggers comes to Joe's house, who reports that his anonymous client wants to take care of Philip's future and do everything possible to arrange his fate. If Philip agrees, he will have to move to London. Jaggers himself in this case will be appointed Philip's guardian until the age of 21. Pip is sure that the client who is going to become his benefactor is Miss Havisham, and that with a favorable outcome, he will be able to marry Estella. Meanwhile, an unknown person attacked Pirrip's sister, hitting her on the back of the head. The perpetrator was never found. Philip suspects Orlik, who worked as an assistant in the forge.
In the capital, Pip rents an apartment with his friend. The young man quickly settled into a new place, joined a prestigious club and spends money without looking. Herbert, the friend he lives with, is more careful. Pip goes to visit Miss Havisham and meets an already matured Estella. The old maid is left alone with the young man and asks, in spite of everything, to love her adopted daughter.
Unexpectedly, Pirrip meets Abel Magwitch, the same fugitive convict whom he tried to help against his will many years ago. Pip is horrified by this meeting, afraid that Abel will try to kill him. The fears were unfounded. Magwitch turned out to be the mysterious benefactor who hired Jaggers' lawyer and decided to take care of Pip. The convict fled from Australia, where he was sent into exile, and returned home, despite the fact that such an act threatened him with hanging.
Magwitch talks about his comrade Compeson, with whom they "went into business" and then tried to escape and were sent to Australia. Compeson was the same fiance of the old maid Havisham. Magwitch is Estella's natural father. Soon, Pip learns that his beloved married Drumla, who was reputed to be a cruel person. Philip visits Miss Havisham. The old maid's dress accidentally catches fire from the fireplace. Pirrip saved the woman, but a few days later she still died.
An anonymous letter is sent to Philip, in which an unknown person demands a meeting at a lime plant at night. Arriving at the factory, Pip sees an assistant forge, Orlik, who tried to kill a young man. However, Pip managed to escape. Pirrip is forced to prepare to flee abroad. Magwitch also wants to run with him. The attempt failed: the friends were intercepted by the police. Magwitch was convicted and later died in the prison hospital.
Together forever
11 years have passed since the events described. Philip decided to remain a bachelor. One day, walking near the ruins of Miss Havisham's house, he met Estella, who had already managed to become a widow. Pip and Estella leave the ruins together. Nothing else stands in the way of their happiness.
Frustration
Dickens made Philip Pirrip his literary counterpart. In the actions and moods of the hero, the author portrayed his own torment. The novel "Great Expectations" is partly autobiographical.
Author's purpose
One of Dickens' original intentions is a sad end and a complete collapse of hopes. The reader should see the cruelty and injustice of reality and, perhaps, draw a parallel with his own life.
However, Dickens never liked to end his works tragically. In addition, he knew too well the tastes of the public, which is unlikely to be pleased with the sad ending. In the end, the writer decides to end the novel with a happy ending.
The novel was written at a time when the writer's talent had reached its maturity, but had not yet begun to wither or dry up. The writer contrasted the world of wealthy gentlemen leading a far from righteous lifestyle with the miserable existence of ordinary workers. The author's sympathy is on the side of the latter. Aristocratic stiffness is unnatural and not inherent in human nature. However, numerous rules of etiquette call for false cordiality towards those who are disagreeable and coldness towards those who are loved.
Peep got the opportunity to lead a decent life, to enjoy everything that is available to the wealthiest segments of the population. But the young man notices how insignificant and pitiful are the substitutes for genuine human happiness, which even a millionaire cannot buy. Money did not make Philip happy. He cannot return his parents with their help, receive warmth and love. Pip was never able to join the aristocratic society, to turn into a secular person. For all this, you need to become false, to abandon the most important thing - from your essence. Philip Pirrip is simply beyond his powers.