Tiled roof on a new log house. Features of the design of the roof of wooden houses

If you have chosen a gable roof for your wooden house, then you will need a log, a bar as the main material for its manufacture. The whole process of erecting this structure can be divided into several stages and types. In this article we will tell you what types of truss systems for a log house are, as well as what roof schemes exist.

Nailless (male) roof

A nailless roof is a structure in which a board is laid on horizontally installed logs. The ends of the logs need to be cut into the transverse logs that form the gable.

In this case, the supporting structure is the end walls, “males”, the place where the wall of the log house narrows. Logs, which are called slegs, are fastened in it by a serif method, they are covered with a roof.

Logs from the longitudinal walls are hidden inside the house, they need about three to work. For the upper part, as a rule, a large ridge log is used.

To make the roof structure more durable, you need to install a rafter leg. It is a triangular structure, and it is installed in the middle part of the roof.

There is a more economical arrangement of the roof: the end walls are sewn up with hewn boards, and rafters are used to cover the roof. Males do not do this in such a situation; a crate of thin logs is installed on them.

Types of truss systems

For the construction of a pitched roof, you can use hanging rafters and layered ones.

This design is the easiest to assemble and for its manufacture will require a small amount of material. Due to the fact that the layered rafters are held due to the emphasis on the outer part of the walls, they put pressure on the walls of the building. The pressure on the roof causes a bursting effect on the walls, and from this they diverge.

Laminated truss systems are used when roof spans do not exceed 6 meters. If the span is more than 6 m, another support is installed. If the building has a central load-bearing wall, this will be an additional advantage.

Hanging truss systems

If roof spans are more than seven meters and additional supports are not provided, hanging rafters are used. This design does not exert a load on the walls, the effect of bursting is not noticeable. The puff, which is installed in the middle part of the rafter legs, strengthens the rafter.

Roof construction on males

The main load-bearing system in this type of roof is the end walls. Shallow recesses are made in the pediments, and logs (slegi) are installed in them. Therefore, the male roof is in some way a continuation of the wall, in which the logs become shorter and shorter towards the top.

The structure of such a roof can be assembled on the ground. You need to start the process with a base removed from the walls on temporary linings. The log cabin is cut not to its full height, but in parts, making the shifting of the crowns. The advantage of this technique is that you can customize the structure on the ground.

From the logs of the males, which are fastened together with dowels, they form an end wall. This makes it possible to preserve the stability of the pediment. And using dowels, you can achieve additional thermal insulation. Since this design does not have horizontal expansion, it is not entirely reliable.

In order to increase strength, you can connect poles with logs of males:

• by cutting "in the paw" in a place where the logs around the corner are not indicated;
• "in the paw with a slit";
• cutting method "in the root spike".

If the work is done incorrectly and poorly, the house will be purged. Therefore, if you do not have the relevant experience, knowledge, trust a specialist.

At what angle should the roof slopes be?

This issue can be solved with the help of a plumb line nailed to the board and a cord that is attached in the middle of the board.

We raise the board so that the plumb line points to the center of the pediment. If you plan to build a roof with a different slope of the slopes, then the board must be moved to the corner, and the ends of the cord should be stretched towards the corners.

The board must be attached to the wall, the cords must be fixed in the corners. After that, you can already visualize the angles of the slopes. With the second part of the pediment, it is necessary to carry out a similar procedure. Use the water level and focus on the horizon set on the boards.

After the slope boundary is marked, continue to install the gable logs.

Cutting a ridge log can be done in two ways: in the first, we cover the pediment with a log, and in the second, we cover the ridge log with a male log.

If you chose the first option, then the gaps that form at the top of the pediment can be closed with short logs of males.

For the second option, experts advise using a crate of thick and massive logs. This way you will be able to level and raise the roof a bit. The most relevant is the use of lathing for a roof made of tess.

When erecting a roof, do not forget that its protrusion beyond the gables should not exceed 50 cm. In a situation where the extension is greater than this distance, you can strengthen the structure with a log with a large section.

Also, for strengthening, you can cut 2 or 3 ridge sleds and create a ledge in the form of a step in this way. The presence of lower slegs in this case is not necessary, they can be replaced with short logs.

The crate should lie flat. Since cut logs cannot be hewn, when cutting, do not forget to measure their end with a level. In order to check the flatness of the laying, you can run a flat board along the roof. If you find cavities, irregularities, compensate for them with sawdust; eliminate hunchbacks.

Roof construction with hanging rafters

A hanging rafter roof is a triangular frame whose beams run through the entire structure.

The pressure that acts on the system is distributed over the entire area of ​​​​the frame: the vertical pressure on the rafters has a bursting effect, and the legs, which are cut into the beams, transfer pressure to the beam, this reduces the stress of the entire structure.

In the design of the roof with hanging rafters, there is a drawback - the bending of the beams. Since in such a situation there is no fulcrum for the bottom of the leg, experts suggest using a rafter system with a “headstock”. In this system, you can use a material with a smaller cross section.

Methods for joining wooden parts

Various techniques are used to connect and dock building materials. Depending on the type of construction, bolts, dowels, dowels, nails, glue, staples are used.

Not only the reliability of the nodes, but also the stability of the entire structure depends on the dimensions of the plane at the junction of the elements.

With an increase in the contact area of ​​the parts, the friction force increases. To complicate the nodal connection, instead of straight cuts on the bars, make dovetail or paw locks. In such cuts, a force arises that prevents the separation of wood elements.

The connection of large knots can be done independently, with the help of an ax, a saw. And the connection of small, complex joints is best left to professional carpenters.

Installation of rafters on a log house

Log roof truss system: nailless (male) roof, layered rafters, hanging truss systems.

Gable roof on a log house: analysis of construction options + technological subtleties

The construction of a roof over a log building is not an easy job, requiring the skills of a skilled carpenter and knowledge of materials science from the master. The performer will need to pre-practice in making connections. He must take into account the traditional shrinkage of walls made of wood. In order for a gable roof on a log house to be built flawlessly, information is needed about the methods of its construction, including ancient roofing technologies. The information we offer will be useful to both independent craftsmen and customers of construction teams for meaningful control.

"Tricks" of wooden housing construction

The popularity of log baths, dachas, residential buildings is justified by the amazing atmosphere, which returns to folk origins. Buildings made of natural wood are distinguished by excellent thermal engineering and an attractive price. A weighty advantage is the ability to spontaneously pass excess fumes. It is impossible not to pay tribute to the solid environmental benefits.

However, the sought-after natural building material has an impressive list of disadvantages. In addition to flammability and sensitivity to waterlogging, carpenters-builders and future owners must worry about:

• The instability of the dimensions of wooden structures. Linear movements due to fluctuations in humidity with temperature will accompany the structure until the end of operation. In the first years, the elements of the wooden system move more actively, over time, the “playfulness” decreases, but does not disappear.
• Mandatory shrinkage, taking into account which it is not customary to equip log cabins for at least a year, is better than two to three years after the crowns are assembled. The forest after laying sags by an average of 10-20%, which must be taken into account when designing a house. Least of all, the walls of glued laminated timber will sag, but its use will not completely eliminate the change in the height of the box.
• The difference is in the vector direction of shrinkage. An intense change in size occurs across the log, i.e. perpendicular to the fibers. Along the fibers, the size of the scaffolding varies slightly: shrinkage along the length of the trunk should not even be taken into account.

Without taking into account the above circumstances, the wooden roof will definitely “move out”. Gaps will appear between the foot of the house and the roofing system, allowing raindrops and melt water to pass through. Next, rotting of the wood will begin, as a result of the complete destruction of not only the upper building envelope, but also the house as a whole.

Taking into account the specifics of the material is not enough for the competent construction of a timber roof. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with all possible methods of construction in order to choose an option that is rational in terms of cost and effort. You need to understand what forces will act on walls made of logs or timber, by what method you can extinguish their action.

Varieties of roof angles for log cabins

Roofs with two slopes are ideally combined with chopped feet. Two steep pitched planes create the impression of a fabulous hut. The most suitable angle of inclination is 45º-60º, but variations in both directions have every right to exist.

A rival in the field of arranging log cabins for a gable structure can be a sloping roof, which has a similar or pentagonal configuration in section. Gable roofs over log cabins can be insulated or cold, attic or non-attic. As a finishing coating, all types of roofing materials are applicable, including shingles and reeds.

In wooden construction, ancient technologies for erecting corner roofs have been preserved and new methods have appeared that allow wood to move freely without the threat of destruction of the building. According to the device method, gable roofs of timber buildings are divided into two fundamental categories:

• Roofs on males - on chopped and cohesive log gables. They complete the walls of the box at the ends, representing their natural continuation. The bearing parts of the roof structure, laid down, according to the "male" method, rest directly on the gables. A crate is laid on top for the installation of a finishing coating.
• Roofs with truss system. They are built in accordance with the regulations that dictate the standard technology for the construction of pitched roofs. Rafter roofs are hanging and layered, based on floor beams or on walls through the upper crown. The pediments are tritely sewn up with a board, due to which the construction budget is reduced by a couple with the effect of a log house.

In fact, roof manufacturers rarely follow just one technology. The truss structure can be combined with the male system. A hanging truss can be installed in the middle of the male roof so that the legs do not sag under their own weight, coupled with roofing and snow.

There are schemes that are generally difficult to attribute to a certain category, because. their crucial design features can be classified in various ways.

For example, the ceiling beam of a log house, a mat or translation, can play the role of a basis for installing layered rafters or serve as a puff that combines elements into a hanging triangle. The tightening of the truss truss can be moved higher, as suggested in another article describing the erection of a roof over a semi-attic. There are a lot of options, but in order to understand the principle of their device, you need to familiarize yourself with the classic schemes.

Rules for making a roof on males

It is a sin for roof builders according to the male scheme not to take advantage of the invaluable advantage of chopped boxes. You can disassemble and assemble them many times like a children's designer. Therefore, the upper crowns are tritely removed from their intended places and installed on a suitable flat area.

It is much more pleasant to work on firm ground without risk, and there is no need to move over shaky scaffolding and footbridges. Linings of aspen chocks are installed under the crown. They imitate the previous rows of logs, so that there are no complications with leveling to the horizon and fitting knots.

If we conditionally divide the log house into three horizontal parts, then the lower 2/3 will fall on the walls, and the upper third on the frame of the gable roof. In fact, this is a wedge converging top of a log house. They build it almost the same way, but gradually reduce the width of the end walls so that the edges of the gables resemble stairs with steps. Instead of long logs falling on the walls of the box, they lay down with a cut. They are cut not in every row, but after two or three.

Males, after erection to full height, are filed in order to form a clear triangular shape. Then the crate is mounted on the slab, the roofing material is on top.

The tops of the males are connected by a ridge slope, which can be laid in two different ways:

• With the installation lay down at the top of the male. In such cases, the log that completes the pediment is cut into two edges. The stepped protrusions of the male are sawn off or hewn into a triangle. At its top there are uncovered areas that will need to be filled with shorties.
• Covered with logs of the male. According to this technology, the specified ridge beam is covered with logs of the male, shortening towards the top. At the same time, the slopes are located below the line of future slopes. The crate then has to be built from logs of impressive thickness in order to align the plane of the slopes with the boundaries of the gables. Instead of laths, rafters can be installed, the thickness of which compensates for the lack of height in the plane formed by the slabs.

For the manufacture of slegs, the most even logs Ø 18-20 cm are taken. They are fastened with simple cuts "in the paw" or complicated analogues "with a cut" or "thorn". Because the edge of the pediment is hemmed or sawn off; cuts with horizontal parts of fasteners such as “into a frying pan” are not suitable. After all, part of the bearing element of the connection will be removed during processing.

The length of the legs is required to form the gable overhang of the roof. Usually it is 0.5 m. If it is decided to increase the width of the overhang, the slabs are laid in pairs or three in each "step" of the male in order to increase the bearing capacity of the structure. Upon completion of the construction of the roof frame, its geometry is checked by installing the board on an imaginary slope.

The bulges revealed by the board are cut off, the recesses are filled with wooden overlays. However, experienced carpenters advise not to sew on “patches”, but rather to chop more.

The old masters did not use fasteners at all in the manufacture of roofs on males. Structures of this kind are called roofs without nails. There were no gradually rusting rods in the body of wood, therefore the structures served for more than one hundred years.

Combination with rafters

It happens that the construction of a traditional male roof is not possible. For example, as a result of a zealous stacking of surpluses from the snails and males, the cut joints may suffer considerably. In such situations, the classic version is simply supplemented from above with layered rafters. The need for squeezing the humps is then automatically eliminated. The final alignment is made along the upper edges of the rafter legs.

The manufacture of rafters is carried out according to a template with marks for cuts and leg length. Chop them in a simple bowl. The accuracy of cutting the connections of the rafters with the slabs is not needed, on the contrary, the bowls should be 3-5 cm larger than the outline of the slab. The log house will inevitably settle, losing height. The rafters will remain almost the same size with the exception of a few mm. The settling box will drag the bottom of the rafters behind it, due to which the angle of connection of the bottom of the rafter and the upper crown will decrease. Those. rafters resting against the upper logs or floor beams will gradually move apart.

Safe for the roof, the displacement of the rafters with respect to the slope will be provided by a wide cut. There should be a gap between the tops of the rafter legs resting on the ridge beam. Moving apart at the bottom, at the top of the rafters during the period of intensive shrinkage, they will approach each other. After shrinkage, the tops are connected with a wooden overlay and / or a puff installed just below. It is possible, without waiting for shrinkage, to connect them with a hinge assembly, which allows the wooden parts of the system to move without gaps between the box and the roof.

The lower heels of the rafters in the described scheme rest against the upper crown, which works like a Mauerlat, or against the edges of the mats - ceiling beams. The knots of the connections are made by cuttings with a spike, the cornice overhang is built up with fillies. So that the gable chopped roof is not blown away from the log house, the rafters are tied through one to the studs hammered into the second crown from the top with wire twists. In areas with high wind load, each rafter leg must be tied. After active shrinkage of a wooden structure, weakened twists should be tightened.

Two slopes with layered rafters

The scheme is similar to the previous type, only the legs are not needed at all. The name of the layered rafter legs is due to the fact that they rest on independent supports at the top and bottom. The lower heels rest on the upper crown, which serves as a Mauerlat, or on the beams of the ceiling. To support the top of the elements of the gable roof truss system above the log house, there are several options:

• Ridge or prince's slug, laid between the males. The rafters laid on the top are not fastened or connected by a hinge for the reasons stated above.
• Internal main wall. There should also be a gap between the top of the rafters, because. their edges rest on walls of different heights, therefore, with different shrinkage. There is no special sense in the device of males for such a roof, the pediments are tritely sheathed with a board.
• The support structure installed on the mats under the ridge beam. Males in this case, again, are not constructed. To compensate for shrinkage, the support posts are installed on screw adjusting devices, which allow, following a decrease in the height of the log house, to reduce the length of the support posts. earlier, instead of compensating devices, wooden linings were used, which were removed after shrinkage.

The cornice overhang of the sloping roof above the log house is most often provided by sewn-on fillies. Although it can be formed by the removal of the rafter legs, if they are attached not by cuts, but by sliding connecting devices. Sliding fasteners allow you to build roofs over chopped stacks without waiting for shrinkage.

Hanging roof device diagram

Hanging rafter legs got their name because they seem to hang over the equipped box. They have only walls as lower supports, and the same part of the rafter located opposite serves as the upper support. The lower heels are connected by a puff, due to which the hanging rafters turn into an equilateral triangle, also called a truss arch or truss. The puff "takes on the chest" thrust, transmitted in a layered scheme to the walls.

Compensation for the action of the thrust by tightening is a significant plus of the hanging system. He was gladly borrowed by the builders of layered roofs, trying to minimize the forces that burst the walls of the house with an increase in the load on the slopes. The ceiling beam can successfully play the role of tightening. And then it really will not become clear whether the truss frame of a gable roof will need to be attributed to the layered or hanging category.

The priceless advantage of hanging systems is that for the production with the log roof boards do not have to go up. All patterned rafter triangles fit together perfectly and fit securely.

In the list of minuses, the first place is occupied by restrictions on overlapping spans. Systems without a central support do not cover large-span buildings. When arranging a house up to 5 m wide, a simple truss arch is used without additional details that increase the rigidity of the structure. Puffs for larger spans may bend from their own weight. To eliminate sagging in the center of the rafter triangle, a suspension headstock is installed.

To understand the essence of the construction of a hanging truss system, consider the technology for installing arches over a small log house. The lower heels of the rafters will rest on the ceiling beams, we will strengthen the connection of the upper edges with a wooden lining and screed. We entrust the formation of the cornice overhang with fillies, we entrust the responsibility of ensuring the rigidity of the structure to small supports. Males will not be built. The pediments created by the slopes after the installation work will be sewn with a board.

To mark the lines of the slopes, we find the centers of both ends and mark them on the upper crown. Focusing on the mark, we will vertically set the board, any longitudinal edge of which will repeat the imaginary central axis. We will equip both ends with boards, mark the height of the roof on them, using a water or laser level. Between the boards you need to stretch the construction cord, indicating the ridge line of the roof.

The order of work on the installation of a hanging roof:

• We align the bypasses of the beams that extend beyond the foot. We drive a nail into the extreme beams according to the design dimensions, pull the cord, mark the excess, saw off with a chainsaw.
• On the ceiling beams, we mark the location of the nests required to install the rafter legs. Similarly, we hammer in nails, pull the cord and draw the groove lines for the future tooth on the rafter leg.
• We make a truss truss template. We apply a board of suitable sizes with the lower edge to the first mat, the upper edge must be held so that the edge of the board lies under the lace indicating the ridge line. Where the board and the cord touch, put a mark and draw a line down from it using a plumb line. On the matrix, we draw the line of the lower washed down and mark the location of the tooth on the rafter where the nest is marked on the beam.
• We make rafters according to the template and assemble them on a flat area.
• We transfer the rafter triangles to the roof and install in place. We check the verticality with a plumb line and fasten it with temporary jibs.
• On the mats inside the log house, with the help of a ruler, two nails and laces, we mark the grooves for supports under the rafter legs. This procedure, it seems to me, is more convenient to do along with the marking of nests.
• We make supports by forming a spike at their base. We mark the height of the support in fact, trying it on the rafter leg.
• We install drains, the top of which we fasten with two wooden plates.
• We select the grooves in the extreme matrices for the installation of fillies.
• We sew on the extreme fillies, hammer nails into them, stretch the cord between them.
• We install intermediate fillies along the cord, after installation of which we draw up overhangs with a wind board.

From the inside, the rafter triangles should be connected by diagonal wind ties. Outside, the rigidity of the structure will be supported by the crate, the type of which is selected according to the type of finish.

Those who wish to equip a warm roof between the rafters will need to lay thermal insulation. Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafter legs in front of the batten, regardless of whether the structure will be insulated.

The examples and schemes of gable roofs over log boxes given by us will help determine the best construction option. Any of the basic versions can be modified and adapted to individual specifications. Information about the specifics of the device is useful both for those who are going to equip their property with their own hands, and for those who need to control the work.

In general, a gable roof on a log house is a widely used solution. This is a relatively simple installation, and the absence of problems with snow in the cold season. In addition, almost all materials are suitable: both metal tiles and slate. The main thing is to accurately calculate and design everything. The most important thing: the correct calculation of the roof slope. From 20 to 60 degrees depending on weather conditions in the region.

Log house of a gable roof: how to make a gable roof on a log house

In what ways can a gable roof be arranged on a log house, it is advisable to prefer new or old technology for erecting the roof of a log house.

Methods for attaching rafters to a log house

After erecting the walls and waiting for six months to complete the shrinkage, you can proceed to the next stage of construction - the installation of the roofing system. For wooden houses and baths, a standard gable roof with a significant slope is most often chosen, on which snow will not accumulate. The rafters for the log house must be strong and properly installed, the security of the walls and ceilings and the durability of the entire structure depend on the reliability of the roof. How to put rafters on a log house?

Mounting options for the truss system

Before installing the rafters, it is necessary to mount the ceiling beams. In the upper crown of the log house, it is necessary to make a technological hole, which is called a cut - a beam will be installed in it. In this case, the hole should not be through, so that the end of the ceiling beam does not suffer from the action of atmospheric phenomena.

The distance between the beams depends on what material is supposed to be used for the floor, and on the options for using the attic or attic room. The minimum recommended step is half a meter.

Installation of rafters on a log house can be carried out in two main ways:

Do-it-yourself installation and installation of rafters on a log house or bathhouse

The order of construction of any building in general is quite simple. First, the foundation is laid, the walls are erected, the roof is mounted, and then the internal work is carried out. The topic of this article is the installation of do-it-yourself rafters on a log house.

Installing ceiling beams

If you have a building made of logs or timber, then the top 2 crowns do not need to be fixed during the construction of walls before installing the ceiling beams. Special holes will be made in them, called "cuts" for laying beams. The dimensions of the cuts are determined by the dimensions of the ceiling beams, which, in turn, are pre-calculated for the expected loads. It is possible that a cut is not made in the upper crown, but in this case, if it is necessary to replace the ceiling beam, problems will arise, since you will have to remove the upper crown or saw off the damaged beam.

The notch for the ceiling beam must be "deaf", i.e. blind. This will help protect the end of the beam from the effects of atmospheric phenomena.

The required step for installing ceiling beams is calculated based on the expected loads and the material you use for this, the minimum step is 50 cm.

After installing the ceiling beams, you can think about how to install the rafters on the house or bath.

There are few ways to assemble rafters, or rather, only 2:

1. Collect roof trusses on the ground and lift them to the house in finished form.
2. Collect directly on the roof and raise the elements of roof trusses there.

The first method is good for relatively light structures that can be lifted by several people. The second is used for massive rafters, which are difficult to lift manually into the house. If you have the ability to lift the rafters with a crane, you can also assemble heavy trusses on the ground.

We collect roof trusses on the ground

In previous articles, we talked about how various elements of truss trusses can be connected. In this article, we will consider a specific example of assembling hanging rafters with a crossbar for a 5x4 bath with a gable roof. We will put the rafters after assembly on the ground - it’s more convenient.

The rafter legs are made of a 10 cm wide edged board "fifty". The crossbar and the puff are made of the same material. The length of the rafter legs is 280 cm. The length of the puff is 440 cm. We install the crossbar at a height of 50 cm from the ridge. Slope angles - 40 °. The assembly instructions are due to the design of the hanging rafters. The upper ends of the rafter legs rest against each other in the ridge, for this we saw off their ends so that the lower ends create an angle of 40 ° with tightening (see photo). We saw off the lower ends at the right angle too. You can fasten with bolts, pads, nails, etc., having previously calculated the required amount for each node.

The crossbar gives additional rigidity to the rafters. To install it, we make a cut in the rafter leg to the width of the crossbar. At the ends of the crossbar we make a tooth with a length equal to the width of the rafter, and a thickness equal to the depth of the cut, on the rafter leg. Fasten with screws, nails or other fasteners.

Do-it-yourself installation of rafters begins with extreme trusses, so it is better to sheathe them immediately on the ground. To do this, after 40 cm on the rafters we fill the bars for attaching the sheathing, the material for the bars can be taken in the size of 40x40 or 50x50. Sheathing boards should protrude beyond the puff to a width of 2.5 cm or more so that water from the pediment does not flow onto the sheathing of the log cabin of the bath. When the cornice is sheathed, this issue will be hidden by its sheathing.

You can sheathe the gable not vertically, but horizontally. Then the crate is stuffed vertically, tying the puff and rafter legs. Here, too, it is necessary to provide 2.5 cm for the outlet on the side of the puff, for the same purposes as in the version of the vertical skin.

Installing assembled farms

After all the farms are assembled, they must be sequentially raised to the roof.

The technology for installing rafters is as follows:

1. We raise and fix the extreme farms. To do this, we drill 2-3 holes in the puff for attaching the rafters to the beams of the upper crown of the log house. We place a plumb line on the crossbar in the center to control the verticality of the farm.
2. If it is required by calculation, we install additional jibs. It is also possible to temporarily fix trusses with jibs until the entire system is fully installed. After all trusses are raised and installed, the jibs can be removed.
3. We install the central truss, also checking its verticality and fixing it with additional elements if necessary.
4. We install the rest of the farms in the same way as the central one.
5. We connect the farms with each other using the crate. It can be made from a bar, edged or unedged boards, plywood, OSB boards. The choice of material for the crate is determined by the choice of roofing material with which you are going to cover the roof.

In order to assemble the rafters on the roof in the same way, 4 people are needed. The rafter legs are connected in a horizontal position, and then with the help of ropes they rise and are installed in place. In this option, difficulties may arise when installing intermediate trusses, since those already installed will interfere with their lifting.

As you can see, in the above example, the installation of roof trusses was carried out in the absence of a ridge run. If a ridge run is necessary for the roof, then it is no longer possible to assemble the rafters on the ground. In this case, they will have to be lifted to the roof in disassembled form and assembled already at the installation site.

Roof rafter assembly

If the project of your house provides for layered rafters, and not hanging ones, as in the previous example, then in order to mount them, you need additional support. How to put the rafters correctly in this case? First you need to install a ridge run.

If the gables of your house are made of bricks or blocks, then the girder can be supported on them, while the ends of the girder should protrude beyond the gables so that you can form a cornice overhang. Runs are usually made of logs or timber. The standard length of such material is 6 m. Manually lifting such a log onto the roof of a house is quite problematic; most likely, a crane will be required. Gables must withstand the pressure of the run, so they are made using reinforced masonry. By the way, it is possible to carry out the installation of the roof without rafters, only with the help of ridge and side runs. In this case, the crate is stuffed into the runs. This method is applicable for a roof with a cold attic, if you plan to use the attic for housing, then keep in mind that in the attic the insulation must be able to ventilate, so you still have to use layered rafters.

For this type of rafters, the location of all elements in the same plane is unimportant, and the rafters can be laid on the ridge run in turn.

Depending on the material and design loads, the rafters may have additional elements in the form of braces, struts, racks. We described the scheme of their fastening in previous articles. If, according to the project of your house, the pediments are not designed for the installation of a ridge run, it is mounted on several racks that are installed on a bed. In this case, the bed is first mounted, the racks are mounted on it, then the ridge run, and only then the layered rafters.

Do-it-yourself installation and installation of rafters on a log house or bathhouse: technology

Installation of rafters is possible in 2 ways. The first is when the roof truss is assembled on the ground and rises to the roof already in finished form. The second - when the installation of rafters is carried out immediately on the roof. Roof- this is the most important element, without which not a single building can do, and even more so, your dream is a log house. Roofs are subject to certain requirements for stability, strength, - and. Roofing materials must be frost-resistant and, moreover, have chemical and radiation resistance.

Existing materials for are diverse both in terms of technical characteristics and operational properties, as well as in texture and color.

The roof, more than other elements of the building, is exposed to natural elements. It must withstand the weight of the snow cover and prevent the penetration of moisture. All year round, the roof is, as it were, tested by nature for strength. And also the roof is a very important architectural element of the building, which plays a big role in its appearance. What is the difference between the roofs used in the construction of a log house? The appearance and its functionality are determined not only by the features of the roof. After all, the condition of the roof during operation also depends on how well the project is chosen and executed.

The roof of a log house is no less important than the foundation and walls. Modeling and bringing to life the construction of the roof of a log house is not an easy task and beyond the power of home-grown craftsmen, excluding small country houses with a simple shed type. The popular types of truss systems that make a log object individual are described below. Owner's choice.

There are several types of roof structures depending on the device, material and purpose:

1. Straight pitched;
2. gable;
3. hip;
4. Half hip;
5. Tent;
6. Forceps and multi-forceps;
7. attic;
8. Combined.

More on each below.

Straight pitched roof

To put it bluntly, such an option is devoid of wisdom. Yes, and the appearance leaves much to be desired. It is mainly used in outbuildings, garages. Relies on walls of different heights. Even an amateur can build such an option. Cheap and angry.

The most practical option for a log building. Not too heavy and simple design.

Depending on the dimensions of the object, such roofs of log houses are built using reinforcement along the rafters, mauerlat, ridge runs and gables, assembled on the ground and raised up in finished form. Under such a roof, you can arrange a full-fledged attic for storing items or organize an area for other non-residential purposes.

Usually, sliding supports are used in the rafter system - the timber is not fixed tightly to the corresponding mates, but using a special device that allows the massive house not to deform the roof during shrinkage. Otherwise, such a system is called - a sliding roof of a log house. The measure is invaluable when building a facility from scratch.

Having presented the gables of a simple gable roof at an angle to its center, the owner receives this option. There are dormers. The advantages of this type are a wide space inside, absolute resistance to bad weather, strong winds and seismic activity of the soil.

The construction of the roof of a log house of this type is difficult to perform and should be left to professionals. As for the appearance, such a roof, combined with beautiful roofing material, looks great and gives the impression of a fortress, which it really is.

Half hip roof

An even more labor-intensive option. It is interesting in its appearance - the pediments are made in the form of trapeziums and are covered with parts of the hips. The attic in this case is extensive and the side parts of the roof can become the walls of the room.

Perfect alignment of edges at one point. It is strongly recommended for buildings that have regular geometric shapes with the same side lengths.

The advantages of other pitched options are resistance to shrinkage and external manifestations of the climate. This is one of the varieties of the hip roof, that is, it will require professional knowledge during the device.

Gable and multi-gable roofing

In a timber or log house, the roof, as conceived by the designer and designer, can become a work of art. This feature was obtained by gable options used on objects that are complex shapes - polygons, bay windows, ledges, turrets.

Covering them with one plane is too problematic, and sometimes impossible. The design of the rafters does not lend itself to the forces of a home master who does not have basic knowledge about the features of construction.

mansard roof

The most practical design of the roof and attic space. Otherwise, such options are called - a log house with a sloping roof. The practicality lies in saving material - solid whips - for building a house, with the possibility of obtaining additional living space.

Combined roofs

Different styles used in the construction of a log house should be covered with special roofs that combine all of the above types. So that this does not look like a dissonance, such a truss system is determined even at the design and computer modeling stage.

It will not be possible to independently make such a roof, in principle, damage and waste of material. People who choose this type of roof anticipate spending or increasing their budget in advance.

How to make a roof on a log house yourself

If for some reason the owners cannot use the services of professionals, and have chosen a simple version of the system, then trying to do the work on their own is still worth it - you cannot leave a log house without a roof for a long time. So, a simple gable system:

• For rafters, a beam with a cross section of at least 150 mm is used. Accompanying elements can be more modest parameters, bearing - never.
• The upper crown is removed and a Mauerlat is installed in its place - a strapping lower bar.
• Finished rafter legs, cut at an angle for connection, are mounted on sliding supports and among themselves, if a ridge run is not used. Go beyond the crowns, they should be 20 - 25 cm.
• The pediments are assembled on the ground and raised into place in the form of shields.
• The crate is stuffed for the insulation tab, heat and waterproofing is installed.
• Roof line. It is offered to owners of private housing in numerous options - soft, ceramic, metal. It all depends on the purpose, choice and purchasing power of the client.

A wooden frame made of logs or timber is a traditional building for the territory of Russia, which can be used as a residential building or a bathhouse. The process of assembling such a dwelling takes place according to technologies verified over the centuries, so it turns out to be warm, cozy and comfortable for life. Particular attention deserves such a technological operation as the establishment of a truss frame, the strength of which depends on the protective qualities of the roof. In this article, we will tell you how to properly attach the rafters to the log house so that they can withstand the weight of even the heaviest roofing material, but do not deform when the wood shrinks.

The truss system is called the roof frame, a set of supporting elements that, in interconnection, give it a shape, slope and significant bearing capacity. The "backbone" of the roof is made of dry, durable wood treated with antiseptic preparations, or a metal profile. It serves as the basis for fastening the roofing, and also evenly distributes the load between the load-bearing walls. To block the log house, use the following types of rafters:

• Hanging. Hanging rafters have only one point of support - on the Mauerlat, with the free end of the leg they rest against each other, forming a three-hinged triangular arch. This design is used if the log house inside does not provide load-bearing walls on which racks can be installed. The hanging truss system experiences a bursting load, so it includes various kinds of puffs that compensate for this stress. Rafters of this type are massive and difficult to install.
• Layered. Slanted rafters have two points of support - a mauerlat and a ridge run, which is supported by vertical racks. This design can only be used if inside the log house has at least 1 load-bearing wall or a series of columns on which the skate can be unloaded. The slatted truss system experiences a load only on the deflection, therefore it is easier to mount it.

Note! The frame is made of natural building material - wood, which has unique properties. After the assembly of the structure, the moisture content of the tree begins to level off, so it shrinks during the first 3-5 years of operation. The most significant dimensional changes occur in the first year of service, so it is recommended that they be performed only after this time.

Mounting methods

Fastening rafters to a wooden frame is a technologically complex process, the strength, integrity and durability of the roof depends on the correct implementation of which. In the work, it must be taken into account that the tree settles during the drying process, so the geometry of the structure changes. In addition, this material undergoes thermal expansion, so too rigid fastening of the rafters to the frame causes deformation. There are two types of rafter mounts:

Important! A wooden frame has a unique ability to "breathe", it regulates the humidity in the room itself, therefore it does not have rigidly fixed dimensions. Movable fasteners that respond to wall shrinkage and thermal expansion of the material are the best option for fixing rafters to a log house.

Assembly methods

After the complete shrinkage of the wooden frame, the craftsmen begin to establish the truss frame and erect the roof. This process is painstaking and complex, especially if you perform that task alone. There are 2 ways to install the frame on the Mauerlat:

• Installation of finished roof trusses. This technology consists in assembling roof trusses "on the ground" and then lifting them to the installation site in finished form. To lift massive and heavy structures requires special equipment (aerial platform, crane or tractor). In this way, layered rafters are installed, which weigh less.
• Assembly of farms "on top". If the design of the truss system is large in weight and size, and the builders do not have special equipment at their disposal, then the trusses are assembled right on the spot. The disadvantage of this technology is the complexity and inconvenience of the work.

Please note that experienced craftsmen rarely use the technology of installing ready-made roof trusses, as it does not allow precise fitting of elements, although it saves a lot of time.

Sequence of work

The main factors in the quality of the rafter frame are the accuracy of calculating the height of the ridge and the length of the rafters and the detailed adherence to the technology for the production of work on the construction of the roof. In order for the roof to well protect the log house from the penetration of atmospheric precipitation, it is necessary to fasten the rafter legs as follows:

1. First you need to take even boards made of softwood without cracks or knots. To increase the service life of the rafter legs, they are treated with an antiseptic and flame retardant. To reduce the consumption of impregnation, it is better to cut the wood.
2. Then a rafter leg template is made, which serves as a model for the production of the remaining rafters.
3. First, the first and last pair of rafters are installed, and then a cord is pulled between them to align the rest of the rafters.
4. The rest of the rafter pairs are fixed, the ends of the legs are cut so that they are even, and then the crate is installed.

Video instruction

Roofing is one of the key stages in the construction of a country house. The roof performs many functions, among which are the protection of walls from getting wet, drainage, wind protection. Since there are snowy winters in Russia, the structure must withstand significant loads, which can reach several hundred kilograms.

The roof of the house made of logs is built on the basis of a wooden truss system. Natural material must be carefully processed, protected from corrosion and deformation. As a rule, the shape of the roof, the angle of the slope and other features have already been worked out in the project. However, it is always possible to make changes to the drawings if this does not conflict with safety requirements.

The roof can have a different shape:

1. Dvuhskatnaya. The classic version is the most affordable, and the design itself provides high strength, stability under external loads.
2. Hip. The original design of the roof will highlight the cottage against the background of the general building, will help to implement various design styles.
3. Shatrovaya. This solution is suitable for large houses, where you can equip a rest room or bedroom under the roof.
4. Mansard (broken line). Such a house roof made of rounded logs retains a maximum of usable volume and a high level of thermal insulation.
5. Multi-forceps. The design, complex in shape, requires careful calculations, since it contains several ribs and skates at the same time.

The choice of a specific solution depends on the budget that the customer has. Mauerlat (support beam) is used in all designs: it is reliable and solid wood. Waterproofing is necessarily laid between the log house and the roof, which will prevent rotting of the crowns. It is important to make wide extensions that will protect the walls and foundation from moisture.

Various solutions are used as the base material

1. Metal tile. The optimal combination of price and quality, this is an excellent solution for a small budget. The roof can be made in various colors, including bright and cheerful ones.
2. Soft tiles. A more expensive solution is lightweight, has a long service life (up to 50 years) and maintainability. However, only customers with high incomes can afford this option.
3. Euroslate. The best option for giving is devoid of the disadvantages of asbestos coating. The easy-to-install material has a long service life (up to 20 years), and is safe for health.
4. Fake roof. The outdated version is suitable only for styling the structure, since the cost of its installation is quite high. However, many customers choose this option, as it allows you to provide an authentic appearance of the structure.
5. Decking. Rolled metal sheet is affordable, but does not suit many people in its appearance. However, coated with a PVC film, it receives reliable protection against corrosion and does not need additional processing.

The roof of the house is installed from rounded logs immediately after the “box” is assembled. This is necessary in order to extend the life of the house, to prevent wood decay. The cottage under the roof can easily stand for 2-3 years before its decorative finish. However, without protection from rain and snow, the material will not be able to demonstrate a long service life.

The company "SeverStroyLes" offers a comprehensive service: the construction of houses on the basis of logs with the installation of the roof. There are many options available to customers - from classic to non-standard. Each customer is guaranteed impeccable compliance with technical norms and rules, which will ensure high safety during the operation of the building.

27/05/2016