Country and country house, estate and cottage - is there a difference. House in the style of a noble estate - nuances and features

In our catalog, projects of houses in the Russian estate style take pride of place. This is due to the growing interest in log housing construction, and logically leads to the revival of half-forgotten elements of ancient Russian architecture. Our ancestors knew how to create fabulous masterpieces from wood.

Despite the absolute external dissimilarity of each house in the catalog, they can still be divided into two large groups. Projects of classic Russian manor houses fall into one, and ethnic stylizations of the “fairy-tale tower” type fall into the second.

The project of the estate in the Russian style

This concept usually includes a traditional, more often one-story, residential building, or rather, a complex of wooden buildings, together with a bathhouse, an outbuilding, a fence and a gate, forming a whole "compound". Modern projects use several techniques of traditional Russian architecture.

• Log cabins can be recruited from logs of different diameters, laid "butt to the top".
• Multi-tiered roofs of various shapes - "chest", acute-angled, 4-pitched.
• The pediments are recruited from the same logs as the walls - there is a feeling that they stand "on their own", without any support ("males").
• Peculiar "bay windows" are characteristic - a half of a hexagonal "drum" protruding beyond the wall.
• Wooden carving is the visiting card of the house. The porch, architraves, hanging edges of the roof are richly decorated with figured elements.
• Open galleries, small cozy balconies are supported on carved wooden columns.

A characteristic feature of Russian houses is individuality. Each of them is unique, expresses the taste and wealth of the owners of the house. In a modern interpretation, a Russian-style brick cottage can also be built, or with combined stone walls. The combination of materials of different textures gives the building a new look, while retaining all the charm of a wooden frame.

Traditional house in Russian tower style

The first wave of interest in medieval Russian architecture rose in the 19th century, on its crest a “pseudo-Russian style” arose. Of the projects of houses of Russian architects of that period, the works of Ivan Ropet, who built many "towers" with multi-tiered turrets and carved patterns, have been preserved. Among the techniques of the 18th century, two stand out that can give a wooden house a particularly "fabulous look".

• Russian chalet - a building with a log cabin expanding upward due to a gradual increase in the release of crowns ("fall"). They formed a cornice on which a roof was laid, the overhangs of which could be significantly increased. Now this is a rare technique, modern houses of this type are more like a stylization on the theme of a chalet.
• Log house "in the oglo" - the connection of logs in the corners of the log house with the rest (remember the house of the "Baba Yaga"). The project of the tower in the old Russian style in our catalog includes such rare elements: figured columns with carvings, a hexagonal glazed "lantern".

All projects of houses developed by us in the Russian estate style are accompanied by a full package of architectural and design solutions. The attached specification of materials facilitates the work of builders, and ensures that the building being erected complies with the technical plan.

In recent years, private houses built in the style of old Russian estates have become very popular.

Cottages created in modern "technogenic" styles are beginning to lose their relevance. Increasingly, customers are turning to architects with a request to create a private house project in the Russian style in order to return to ancient traditions. Many people think that only elite houses can be built in the form of a noble estate, but this is absolutely not the case. If the customer wishes, even a small cottage can be made with elements of the Russian historical architectural style. It will turn out a very beautiful, compact mini-estate. Such a house does not have to be huge and three-story at all.

In modern cottage villages, homesteads are increasingly appearing. They are fundamentally different from neighboring buildings built in modern styles. The cottage-estate is a classic, such an architectural style will not go out of fashion in a few decades. If you want to build a real "family nest" not only for yourself, but also for children and grandchildren, choose this particular architectural style. Even after many years, such a cottage will look luxurious.

It is in the manor houses that an indescribable feeling of comfort and tranquility is created. Of course, this is possible provided that the architectural and interior style is maintained correctly. In this case, the house will really have an amazing atmosphere. It will be truly "home" and incredibly comfortable. Why, among the abundance of architectural styles, this one seems so dear to many people? It's probably genetic memory. No matter how interesting and attractive cottages in the Mediterranean, Swiss, Scandinavian, exotic styles may seem, only the traditions of their people can touch the strings of the soul.

How were noble estates built in the old days?

To create a modern cottage in this architectural style, you need to understand historical facts, understand what Russian estates were like, what are their distinguishing features. Absolutely all old estates are characterized by a combination of luxury, comfort and quiet village life. This is what creates that unique atmosphere of comfort and tranquility. In those days, there was no frantic rhythm of life, from which we all get so tired in modern times. Therefore, the old estates are imbued with the spirit of calm and regularity. If you want to make your home really cozy, where you can truly relax from the hustle and bustle, choose this particular architectural style.

As a rule, the word "estate" meant not one house, but a whole complex of buildings that were built in the same style, decorating the facades with stucco and columns in the same way. Such houses were built for a long time, but "for centuries". That is why many have survived to this day, collapsing only for the reasons that they are not restored or completely left abandoned and uninhabited. Such a “family nest” was built taking into account the fact that several generations would live in it. Therefore, the rooms were made very spacious, the facades were decorated with stucco molding, statues, and all this was done very high quality so that children or grandchildren would not have to do a major overhaul of the estate.

What does everyone imagine when they hear the words "noble estate"? Of course, a luxurious house with white columns, a terrace, a huge garden for walking and even a private lake. The main feature of such estates was that they fit perfectly into the surrounding landscape. Around the house, they necessarily created a luxurious garden with many paths for walking, they certainly built cozy gazebos. Only the best craftsmen were trusted to perform facade work during the construction of the estate. Probably everyone knows that there are no two completely identical noble estates. All of them are somewhat similar, because they were built at approximately the same time, but at the same time, they are all radically different. The facade was the real "face" of the estate, it was necessarily decorated with stucco, columns and statues. Sometimes there were even too many decorations, because of which the general appearance of the estate turned out to be rather pompous. But in those days it was considered the norm and a sign that the owner is rich and belongs to a high class. According to the facade of the estate, the financial well-being of its owner was assessed. That is why the landowners competed among themselves whose house would look richer and more luxurious.

In those days, wood and stone were used to decorate the facade, it was made monumental so that it would serve several generations, while maintaining its presentable appearance. Modern building materials make it possible to make luxurious facades in the historical Russian style, which will also serve for decades. The compositions and materials that are created in our time are much more resistant to weather factors, they are also light and do not weigh down the walls. Previously, the architect could “make a name for himself” on the construction of the estate. The fame of a luxurious house spread very quickly not only in the region, but throughout Russia and even beyond its borders. That is why the architects put their soul into their creations, they thought over not only the appearance of the estate, but also helped the owners with interior design. In those days, the decoration of rooms was treated responsibly, furniture and decor were made to order from the best craftsmen. The owners of the estate sought to ensure that the facade of the house and the interior of the premises were in harmony with each other.

Even in those days there were standard designs for estates. But they were taken as a basis, the architect each time came up with a unique facade, making it unique due to the abundance of decorative elements. Also, redevelopment of the premises was done at the request of the owners. That is why in Russia there are no two completely identical estates.

It should be noted that there were several types of noble estates:

• If they were located in a village outside the city and were a place of permanent residence, they were adapted specifically for these purposes. Stables, a barnyard, greenhouses for growing vegetables and fruits were necessarily built nearby. Pheasants were set up in the garden, where decorative birds were kept.
• A little later, estates that were built "in the European manner" became fashionable. Their main feature was the presence of huge summer greenhouses and winter gardens.
• There were also city estates, which differed from country estates. They occupied a smaller area, so the owners invested even more in creating a beautiful facade and luxurious furnishings in the rooms.

The main features of the layout of rooms in a noble estate

The estate was necessarily divided into two halves. In the smaller one there were rooms for servants, as well as all kinds of utility rooms, a kitchen. It was indecent for the landlords to walk along the same corridors with servants. Therefore, in the estates, almost all rooms were made through. That is, they had three doors, through one of them it was possible to get into a long corridor, and through the other two into neighboring rooms. The hosts walked “through wide doors”, that is, they very rarely used the corridors, but simply passed through all the rooms to get to the right one. The servants walked along the corridors so as not to interfere with the owners. On the first floor, a huge room was necessarily allocated, making it a room for balls and banquets.

Also, in the noble estate, a whole room was allocated for a library. Of course, these features of noble estates are not relevant to our time. Now it is absolutely not necessary to divide the house into half "lordly" and half for servants. Also, no one makes huge ballrooms now. Instead, on the ground floor, you can make a spacious living room with a fireplace, it can be combined with a dining room.

How to build your house in the style of a noble estate:

• First of all, it is necessary to develop individual project future cottage or choose one you like from existing ones.
• It is very important to choose the right land for construction. It must be in a picturesque and quiet place. It is very desirable to have a river, lake or at least a small pond nearby. It will be great if a small pond is on the territory, it can be turned into a "highlight" of your future family estate.
• A house in the style of a noble estate must be decorated with columns. They are made not only on the facade of the building, but also in the living room. Such a house seems to “dissolve in time”. In a few years, guests who see your estate for the first time will be sure that it is old and passed to you by inheritance. But to create such an effect, it is necessary to abandon the use of "technogenic" building materials. For example, there should be no plastic, windows should only be wooden.
• You need to take care not only about the convenient layout of the rooms, but also about making the facade of your estate unique. It needs to be made a real masterpiece of architectural art. If you wish, you can borrow some elements by looking at photographs of the estates you like, but never completely copy the facade decoration. Wood carving will look luxurious. Do not worry that the wood will crack and turn black in a few years, there are a huge number of special antifungal impregnations, as well as varnishes that will protect the wood from moisture for many years, while leaving its beauty open. Making stucco decorations thanks to modern materials is now very simple. For this, ready-made patterns and foam products are used, which are glued in the right place, they require a mandatory finish. Also, to decorate the facade, there are ready-made stucco elements made of gypsum. They are attached with special glue, as they are quite heavy.
• The main and most spacious room in such a house should be the living room. It is sure to make a stone fireplace in order to create a unique comfort with its help and emphasize the architectural style you have chosen.
• The house, which was built in the style of a noble estate, should look old, but at the same time, it is possible and necessary to make modern air conditioning, plumbing, lighting and other systems in it.
• The house-estate must be very cozy and warm, for this you need to use modern heat-insulating materials.

• Take care not only of the appearance of the cottage, but also of the interior in the rooms. Agree, it will be rather strange if the outside of the house looks like an old manor, but inside it is decorated in the style of minimalism, hi-tech or loft. There should be no signs of "technogenic civilization" in the interior. Take responsibility for the choice of furniture and decor. Ideally, they should be antique, now it is not a problem to purchase real antique furniture in excellent condition. But new modern furniture is also quite suitable, but all of it should be made in antique style. Chandeliers must be luxurious and massive in the "noble" style. Candle lights are ideal. The best elements of decor will be all kinds of antique gizmos.
• In the living room you can make huge windows from ceiling to floor. They need to be curtained with plain curtains with lambrequins and large tassels made of dense threads.
• Pay special attention to the arrangement of the territory around your estate. In the courtyard there must be a gazebo, made in the same style as the facade. You can also make a small fountain or waterfall. Be sure to take care of the beautiful night illumination of the yard, install lanterns that will look like old ones. If there is a small pond in the yard, you can throw a bridge with a wrought iron railing over it.
• Take care of creating a beautiful landscape design. To emphasize the style of an old noble estate, be sure to plant decorative bushes along the paths, which will need to be trimmed regularly, giving them a neat shape.

Residential buildings erected outside the city limits are called differently, often one concept is mixed with another, there is no clear boundary between some names. Nevertheless, several criteria can be distinguished at the basis of the division, the first and, probably, the main of which is the mode of residence - permanent or temporary.

It was originally designed for living in the warm season, when the temperature does not drop below a few degrees below zero. The most common building materials for are frame structures, 100-150 mm beams, or rounded logs of small diameter. Usually country houses have a small (up to 80 m 2) area.

The temporality of residence also determines such differences in country houses as simplified sewerage, water supply, the absence of a heating system and the types of communications that are important for permanent residence.

This is usually referred to as residential buildings for permanent residence. They have constant heating that operates in cold weather, thanks to which it is warm in a country house even when it is 40 ° below zero outside.

The choice of materials from which buildings of this type are built is wide, it can be a bar with a diameter of more than 200 mm, rounded (chopped) logs with a diameter of at least 240 mm, brick, foam blocks, etc.

Country house (video)

In recent decades, the term "cottage" has come into use, the meaning of which is not always interpreted in the same way. The cottage is usually more designed for seasonal living, although in it, if there are heat sources inside, it is possible to maintain a comfortable mode even in conditions of a not very severe winter (up to -15 ° ... -25 °). The modern cottages have all the necessary amenities. For the construction of walls, a bar with a diameter of 150-200 mm, rounded (chopped) logs with a diameter of 200-240 mm, brick, foam blocks and other materials are used. The average area of ​​cottages is about 100-150 m 2 .

Sometimes it is emphasized that an important feature of a cottage is that its communications are included in the unified communication system of the cottage village, which is monitored by a special service, and the owner does not exercise control functions, as is the case in the case of a country house.

Several families can live in one cottage.

Cottage construction (video)

One of the types of country houses is a mansion, as large residential buildings are often called, standing somewhat apart from other residential buildings.

The mansion is owned by representatives of the same family, which, however, does not mean that they live in it permanently, but in their absence, the mansion is looked after by security and maintenance personnel.

It is correct to call a manor a mansion with a large land plot, on which a park, garden or alleys can be laid out.

Building a homestead (video)

Important nuances about materials

From the foregoing, it is easy to understand how important it is to take into account the purpose of building a house (permanent / temporary residence) for the correct choice of material and arrangement of all communications and amenities. Let's take a simple example. For a country house, a tree is an excellent choice. One of the reasons is that a wooden house can be quickly heated during the next short-term collision. And to warm up in a brick house, it will take much longer. When heated, moisture droplets form in a brick wall, which penetrates into cracks.

When the heating is turned off (which happens when returning to the city), the water will freeze, widening the cracks. Therefore, brick is better suited for a country house in which they live permanently.

Compiled by:

Yu. A. Novoselov

Yu. M. Smurov

V. I. Dolin

S. B. Shlyapnikov A. N. Strizhov

V. B. Sheshnev

T. M. Klavenskaya (chapter II)

L. S. Isachenko

(chapter III)

I. A. Shabarshov

A. E. Golovkov

A. M. Yudin

B. L. Vorobyov

(chapter VII)

T. G. Abramovskaya G. I. Vishnyakova

(chapter VIII)

V. A. Erofeevsky M. A. Ivanov

Editorial team

N. A. Bazmlvskaya

G. D. Bilash

Yu. V. Elin

V. P. Ivanov

P, F. Konenkov

I. P. Ksenevich

R, P. Kudryavets

C. P. Lemarinier

E. Ya. Logvmnskaya

M. A. Pustygin

A. P. Soldatov

A. F. Stepachenko

TO THE READER

DOM and Manor6a... Ancient Russian words, root peasant concepts, resurrected today in their true, original meaning.

They became the title of our book.

But in Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl we also find such an explanation: a house with caregivers. Perhaps, unusual to someone's ear, it nevertheless sounds now in a special way - expressive, encouraging, fresh, "in accordance with the flow of the national language and thought, and, bearing echoes of the past, is now perceived quite relevantly. Whatever you apply, but care at all times - this is what is carefully looked after, what is valued, what is guarded and cherished with diligence and labor.It is precisely such - well-groomed, reasonably and reliably placed - that the peasant yard of a good, hard-working owner has been from time immemorial, his - at home and behind surroundings - land.

This is how it happens in the native language: the word has an effect and inadvertently pulled the meaning, sense and harmony inherent in it since ancient times. It is the same with us, since “pleasing”, “pleasing” means convenient, necessary, necessary, important, and therefore desired by people. And also beneficial, beneficial, giving daily bread. However, the matter is not limited to purely everyday, economic reasons. Apparently, it is not in vain that it is said that man does not live by bread alone, and the simple word "land" reflected this great idea. After all, the “pleasure” related to it is nothing but beauty ...

Until recently, everything related to activities in a personal or garden plot was almost officially called small agriculture. Of course, a quarter or half a hectare estate, not to mention several acres of gardens, is not large in itself. But on a national scale, they add up to millions of hectares of carefully cultivated, well-groomed (remember Dahl), highly productive lands, which, of course, cannot be discarded from the national account. Here, in their free time from their main work, the workers of villages and cities produce a significant share of such products as potatoes and vegetables, berries and fruits, meat and milk, eggs and honey. Moreover, these products are not only used to satisfy their own needs, but are also sold through the system of cooperation, collective farm markets, which means that they also go to the people's table.

In a word, this is a considerable economy, and besides, it is growing year by year, and its tasks are large, very responsible. So it turns out that, while remaining personal, it has enormous social significance, being called auxiliary, it provides significant assistance in solving the food problem. That is why it is necessary to talk in detail and purposefully about how to reliably, sensibly, at the lowest cost, establish and rationally maintain a home, garden, garden or country economy.

Our book is devoted to this complex, multifaceted and grateful topic. Its idea, essence, selection and distribution of materials are prompted by the requirements of real practice, and the basis is made up of specific recommendations on a wide range of issues related to the daily activities of a person in a personal subsidiary plot.

It would seem that the theme of the book is "limited" to meticulously measured square meters of a rural house and a few acres of a personal plot. However, here, as elsewhere, where people live, work, relax with their usual worries and troubles, hopes and dreams, a complex and multifaceted human world always arises. For this reason alone, the book cannot claim to be exhaustive completeness and completeness. But even its purely economic aspects do not allow us to put a final, summing up point. After all, the experience of arranging life on the estate is constantly multiplying, diversifying, improving, which means that we can hope that with the light hand of our readers it will be reflected in subsequent editions.

And now let's get acquainted with those who live and manage in the house and on the estate, to whom the book is actually addressed. Here is this family: its older generation, young ones - husband and wife, children. Let the artist depict them a little caricatured, with a smile and good humor, they, of course, are somewhat similar to you and me, and they have the same worries. Therefore, on the eve of this book, we wish its readers that “house and estate” and “house with caregivers” are not only synonyms in the Explanatory Dictionary of V.I. Dahl, but also equivalent concepts, a real identity throughout our lives.