Growing early cabbage. Early cabbage: planting and care

Kira Stoletova

Growing late cabbage is a rather laborious process. This cold-resistant garden crop is very demanding in care. To obtain a good and high-quality crop, plantings require a lot of moisture and light. In cultivation, the correct planting of late cabbage is also important.

Culture features

Description of late cabbage:

• good yields with proper and timely care;
• long shelf life of heads (up to 9 months);
• cleaning is carried out not only manually, but also mechanized;
• universal use in cooking - fresh, pickled, stewed;
• newly developed varieties and hybrids are highly resistant to adverse weather conditions, diseases and pests;
• almost every variety of late cabbage planted in open ground is not afraid of autumn frosts.

The period of ripening of heads of cabbage after planting seeds for seedlings is 195 days.

Soil preparation

Planting and cultivation of late cabbage is carried out in fertile and structured soil. To get a good harvest, it is necessary to plant this crop on loamy soil with a high humus content. It is in such soil that moisture is retained for the longest time, which cabbage loves very much.

Before planting seedlings on the site, it must be fertilized in early spring. For these purposes, organic matter is used - compost or rotted manure. A bucket of nutrients is added per 1 m2.

To further improve the composition of the soil, mineral components are added to organic matter - phosphorus 30 g, potassium - 20 g and complex fertilizer - 30 g.

Planting seedlings in open ground

Growing seedlings of late cabbage is carried out at home, on the windowsill, since this culture is afraid of spring frosts. The technology of sowing seeds and caring for them is no different from the technology of growing seedlings of early mid-season varieties. The only difference is the timing. The optimal time for sowing seeds is the last decade of April (25-29th). This period is suitable for the Urals, the Moscow region and the regions of the middle zone. Early cabbage is planted in late March - early April.

In open ground, tender seedlings of late varieties of cabbage are transplanted after the threat of the last spring frosts has passed.

The scheme for planting late cabbage is as follows:

• distance between plants 55-60 cm;
• row spacing - 60 cm.

The scheme for planting late cabbage can be carried out in a checkerboard pattern. This planting significantly saves space on the site.

It is recommended to plant late cabbage in the garden in cloudy weather in the evening. So young and tender seedlings will not burn under the rays of the scorching sun. Plants should be planted as deep as the first leaf. Then compact well around the edges so that the plants take root better and grow upright.

Features of care

After planting late varieties of cabbage on the site, it needs to be provided with the highest quality and competent care.

Soil moisture

Regular watering is the most important condition for care, since cabbage is a moisture-loving crop. Irrigation is adjusted according to weather conditions.

Immediately after planting, the plants are watered at the rate of 1 liter. water per seedling. For the next twenty days, the seedlings are watered every 3 days - in the south, in the regions of the middle zone - every 4-5 days. At the same time, 8 liters are consumed per 1 m2 of area. water. After that, watering is carried out once a week with a liquid flow rate of up to fifteen liters per 1 m2.

The need for cabbage in moisture increases, especially during the formation of ovaries and heads of cabbage. During this period, the water consumption is about 20 liters. per 1 m2 of land.

After the heads of cabbage are tied, watering is reduced to 10 liters. to the same area.

If late cabbage is grown for storage, watering is stopped a month before harvesting in the regions of the middle lane, in the south - two weeks before harvesting.

Lighting

Loosening and weeding

The main care and cultivation of this crop involves regular loosening of the soil. This procedure is carried out one day after each watering. Loosening increases the moisture and air permeability of the soil.

The area with plantings should be kept clean and weeded regularly as weeds grow.

top dressing

In the process of growing, late cabbage needs to be fed. For the whole season, late cabbage, like early cabbage, is fertilized four times.

First stage

The first dressing is applied two weeks after planting seedlings in the ground. In this case, a nitrogen-containing top dressing is used, which ensures the growth of leaves when forming a rosette. Nitrogen can be contained both in organic matter and in mineral fertilizers.

Possible fertilizer options for late cabbage per ten-liter bucket of water:

• fertilizer with liquid mullein - 0.5 l.;
• ammonium nitrate - 20 gr.;
• top dressing with urea - 20 gr..

For one plant spend 0.5 liters. nutrient solution.

Second phase

Two weeks after the first feeding, the second is carried out. In this case, 1 liter is poured into each hole. liquid feed.

At this stage of growth, late white cabbage requires complex nutrition - organic matter plus mineral supplements:

1. Bird droppings (0.5 kg) are mixed with azofoska (30 g) and a tablespoon of the drug is added to this mixture - Crystalon, Kemira or Mortar. The prepared mixture is diluted in 10 liters. water.
2. Chicken manure or compost (0.5 kg), 200 g of wood ash is diluted in 10 liters. water.

Third stage

This top dressing is applied for later white cabbage. Nutrition is carried out ten days after the previous feeding:

• phosphate fertilizers (30 g) are mixed with mullein infusion (1 liter per 10 liters of water);
• phosphate fertilizers (30 g) are mixed with Crystalon, Mortar or Kemira (1 tablespoon). The resulting mixture is brought to a volume of ten liters with water.

Consumption - 10 liters per 1 m2 of land.

Such feeding is required for plants to ripen a juicy and tasty crop.

Fourth stage

The final feeding of the late garden crop is carried out three weeks before harvest. This top dressing will provide heads of cabbage with a long shelf life.

There are two options for this food:

• 20 gr. potash fertilizers are dissolved in 10 liters. water;
• 0.5 l. ash infusion is brought to a volume of 10 liters with cold water.

Head cutting

Harvesting of heads of cabbage on the site is carried out after the first frosts have passed. It is at this time that you need to remove the cabbage from the garden to get sweet, juicy and soft heads of cabbage. Late cabbage perfectly tolerates frosts down to -7 °. Therefore, many gardeners specifically wait for the heads of cabbage to freeze slightly, and after that they harvest the entire crop.

Starting the gardening season, every gardener plans what he will plant this year. Along with tomatoes and cucumbers, which are mandatory crops in Russian dachas, gardeners also allocate space on their plot for cabbage. She is a regular on the table, because she is used to prepare a wide variety of dishes - borscht, cabbage soup, and they also make a summer salad from her and prepare them for the winter.

You will not envy those gardeners who, at the end of the garden season, are not happy with the cabbage harvest. However, these failures can be left in the past if you know the secrets of planting it, which will help even novice gardeners get a good harvest.

How to get a harvest on time?

All varieties of cabbage known today can be divided into three groups depending on the ripening time:

• early;
• average;
• late.

Early varieties are divided into early and ultra-early. Medium varieties, in turn, are mid-early, mid-season and mid-late.

Early varieties

The first crop can be harvested by growing ultra-early varieties. Usually they reach the stage of technical maturity after 55-60 days, which corresponds to the end of April and the beginning of May. However, in order to get cabbage within the specified time, it must be grown using film shelters.

The resulting fruits have an average weight of about 0.8-1.2 kg. Such indicators are typical for foreign hybrids of the first generation, with which many domestic summer residents are well acquainted. These include varieties such as:

• Surprise;
• Chesema;
• Pandion;
• Dithmarscher Frewer.

If you do not have a great desire to get the first heads of cabbage before the onset of summer, then you should pay attention to early-ripening varieties, in which the ripening period is from 2 to 3 months. The most popular among this category of varieties were June and F1 hybrids Kazachok, Start, Transfer, Farao. The fruits of the varieties of this cabbage weigh no more than 2 kg.

Mid-early varieties

They are popular with those gardeners who plan to harvest cabbage from the second half of June to the second half of July. The most famous among them are varieties of domestic selection Number One, Gribovsky 147, Malachite. Among foreign hybrids, it should be noted Athlete F1, Grenadier F1, Morris F1.

Mid-season varieties include cabbage varieties that have a longer growing season, which is 80 days. First of all, it is necessary to attribute to them the domestic variety Belorussky 455, forgotten by many gardeners, when grown, it is possible to obtain fruits weighing up to 5 kg. In addition to it, the varieties Slava Gribovskaya 231, Slava 1305 and the hybrid SB-3 F1 deserve attention. The cultivation of mid-season varieties is practiced through seedlings and sowing in open ground. Usually the first fruits are removed by the end of July and the beginning of August.

Late varieties

Medium-late varieties of cabbage have a longer growing season, which is 105-125 days. The first heads of cabbage can be removed no earlier than the first half of autumn. In order for this cabbage to please with quality and weight, the gardener must ensure regular watering and use varieties and hybrids that are resistant to fungal diseases and heat for growing.

An ideal option for growing in a hot climate is the varieties Krasnodarskaya-1 and Judge 146. From their seeds, you can get heads of cabbage with an average leaf density and high consumer qualities. Also noteworthy are the hybrids Satellite F1, Favorit F1 and Megaton F1, which are highly resistant to diseases.

Gardeners living in regions with long summers can also grow late-ripening varieties of cabbage. Heads of cabbage usually ripen at the end of September and the first decade of October. With the seedling method of growing, the growing season for these varieties lasts 120-135 days. In the case of sowing seeds in open ground, it can be up to 150 days. Of the mid-late varieties, the most famous are Amager, Turkiz, Geneva F1, which are ideal for pickling and pickling. If you need varieties for long-term storage, then we advise you to choose Zimovka 1474, Albatros F1 and Lezhky F1.

Agricultural technology

One of the valuable qualities for which many gardeners love cabbage is cold resistance. The varieties offered today in stores have varying degrees of resistance to frost and adverse weather conditions. On average, for the germination of cabbage seeds, a temperature of at least +2 ° C is required. They enter the phase of active growth when the air temperature rises to 18-20 ° C. In the case of sowing in open ground, these indicators will differ slightly:

• for seeds, the optimum temperature will be 12-15 ° C;
• the soil should be 2-3 degrees warmer.

Cabbage can grow well only in areas with sufficient light. She needs a long daylight hours, which should be at least 17-18 hours. If it is not possible to comply with this condition, then it is necessary to use special aids - phytolamps. With a lack of light, cabbage seedlings will begin to stretch. During transplantation into open ground, it is recommended to select the most illuminated areas for it, located as far as possible from trees and shrubs.

Cabbage is an unpretentious crop and can grow well in all types of soil except light sandy soils. For planting cabbage, it is recommended to choose areas that have a close location of groundwater. The level of acidity has a significant effect on the yield of cabbage. This culture feels good in swampy and acidic soils.

The most favorable for it is slightly acidic soil, in which the acidity level does not exceed 6 ph. If this condition is not met and the acidity is higher than the specified indicator, then it is necessary to carry out liming. Keep in mind that for late varieties, it is necessary to select more fertile sites, unlike medium and early ones. In addition, in order to get large heads of cabbage, you will have to apply more organic matter and mineral fertilizers throughout the season.

Mineral fertilizers are recommended to be applied not only for ordinary varieties but also for hybrids. Given that they respond well to such top dressing, the dose of fertilizer can be increased by 45%. This is explained by the fact that plants absorb these fertilizers extremely unevenly. First, they actively absorb nitrogen, which they need to gain leaf mass, and then they begin to assimilate phosphorus and potassium, without which it is impossible to obtain high-quality heads of cabbage. Also, to obtain a marketable appearance of fruits, cabbage requires other substances - calcium, and among trace elements - molybdenum, boron, manganese and copper.

As a result of the application of mineral fertilizers, it is possible to significantly increase the quality indicators of cabbage - keeping quality, resistance to fungal diseases and temperature changes.

Know, when to plant cabbage, of course, it is important, but its productivity depends not only on this. Gardeners should focus on watering. It is necessary to ensure that the soil does not dry out. Otherwise, the cabbage will have hard leaves and will not grow to the required size. It is recommended to irrigate cabbage by sprinkling. Thus, it is possible to stimulate the growth of deciduous mass and get juicy vegetables. However, keep in mind that in the first weeks after transplanting seedlings into open ground, watering should be moderate. Otherwise, you will create high humidity, due to which the roots of young seedlings will begin to rot and the plants will die.

Bed preparation

Another important question: when to prepare a site for planting cabbage. This should be done in the fall. The earth must be carefully dug up with fertilization, which must be applied according to the scheme - 1.5 buckets of rotted manure, 2 tablespoons of superphosphate and complex fertilizers and one tablespoon of potassium are taken per 1 square meter.

In the spring, the main activities will be loosening and removing weeds. After that, you can start making beds, which should be no more than 1 m wide. The planting method will depend on the ripening period of the selected variety:

• early ripe ones are planted according to the scheme 50 x 50 cm;
• mid-season - 60 x 60 cm;
• late-ripening - 70 x 70 cm.

In order to save space in narrow beds, many gardeners gardeners practice the method of planting seedlings in a checkerboard pattern.

To understand when to sow cabbage, you need to consider the variety. First, seedlings of early-ripening varieties are planted, and 14 days later, mid-ripening cabbage can be planted. And only after a month you can plant late cabbage. After planting, seedlings are watered with water in an amount of 0.5-1 l for each bush. This needs to be done every day. Two to three weeks after transplantation, the volume of water must be increased to 6-8 liters per square meter. At the same time, the frequency of watering is reduced, which can now be carried out every three to four days. On especially hot days, it is recommended to arrange a refreshing shower for the cabbage, but this should be done during the most comfortable period for the plants - in the morning or in the evening.

The main rule that must be observed throughout the season is that watering should be regular and moderate. If you water the cabbage from time to time, then early and late varieties will not form a strong root system, and without this, heads of cabbage will not be able to start.

Landing in open ground

For many gardeners, growing cabbage through seedlings is a big problem. To facilitate this work, we can offer a method of sowing seeds in open ground. The best time to do this is early May. In advance, it is necessary to prepare narrow beds, loosen them and remove all weeds. Try to make the holes even and uniform. Glass bottles can help you with this, with which you can easily make shallow pits.

After that, you need to take half a pack of baking soda, add one teaspoon of hot ground pepper to it. This mixture will help protect young seedlings from fungal diseases, and in addition to this, reduce the likelihood of damage to the crop by the cabbage flea.

In each hole, before planting cabbage in the ground, you need to put half a teaspoon of the prepared mixture, and then 3-4 seeds are planted there. So many seeds are planted due to the fact that cabbage germination is not one hundred percent. Then, on top of the seeds, we pour a tablespoon of humus or good fertile soil. Next, we need a plastic bottle, in which we need to cut off the bottom and put it on the hole.

From the sides it is necessary sprinkle some soil so that the plastic does not fall from the wind. After that, you can screw the cork on it. Such a mini-greenhouse will create optimal conditions for the seedlings in which they will remain until the time comes for them to be transplanted to a permanent place. After that, you can gradually open the bottle, and then completely remove it.

After planting late cabbage in the ground caring for seedlings is very simple- each time you have to unscrew the bottle and water the seedlings through the neck. If you decide to sow the seeds in one row, then in order not to waste free space between the rows, you can sow dill or lettuce there. With such neighbors, cabbage will feel very good, because they will help protect it from damage by pests.

Conclusion

Grow cabbage in the open field is no more difficult than any other crop. Experienced gardeners know many secrets that help them get a good harvest of this vegetable every year. The main thing you need to know - cabbage does not tolerate drying out of the soil. Therefore, you must provide her with regular watering until the moment when her ovaries form. Naturally, you must know when is the best time to sow seeds in order to get heads on time.

Much also It also depends on the choice of variety.. If your area has a short summer, then you should not choose late-ripening varieties. Try to take this into account when you go to the store for seeds.

In the article, we have collected recommendations from agronomists on what should be the correct planting and cultivation of seedlings of late cabbage, and what terms must be observed to obtain good yields. In the photo and video you can see how and when to properly plant late cabbage in the ground and seedlings.

The kale is a biennial plant with a tall stem and bluish or grey-green, bare leaves that fit tightly together and form an edible head on the stem. Blooms in large multi-flowered racemes. Propagated by large (2 mm long) dark brown seeds. There are several types of cabbage, including red and white, Chinese and curly kale, Portuguese and Brussels sprouts, Savoy and kohlrabi, broccoli and cauliflower. Early and mid-season cabbage is used mainly as a salad in the spring-summer period, and late varieties are used for long-term storage throughout the winter season and sourdough. From what will be the cultivation, its development and harvest depend.

seeds

When is late cabbage planted and how to ensure the maximum cultivation of seed material? First of all, ensure the quality of seeds of purchased varieties and planting dates. Late cabbage is used for sourdough and winter storage, its heads should be dense and strong. Seeds of late cabbage are sown in April - in the first or third decade of the month. If planted late, they may not have time to form heads by the end of the fall season. The resulting seedlings can be planted in open ground after forty-five to fifty days.

After choosing the seeds of late varieties, it is necessary to properly prepare the soil in the fall. To do this, you need to mix humus and sod in equal proportions, then add a tablespoon of ash per kilogram of the mixture as a source of micro and macro elements and an antiseptic. It is the ash that will help you protect the cabbage seedlings from the black leg.

A soil mixture with the addition of peat is acceptable. Cabbage will only grow well in breathable and fertile soil where other garden crops used to grow.

To germinate the seeds, you need to dip them in hot (up to 50 ° C) water for twenty minutes, then pour cold water for five minutes to increase immunity to fungal diseases. After water stimulation, you need to prepare a solution of a growth stimulator of any company - Silk, Epin, Gumat or another.

On the eve of sowing, the soil should be watered abundantly, after which watering should be stopped until shoots appear.

Seeds should be sown to a depth of about a centimeter, the bed should be covered with paper or film on top to create a greenhouse effect and prevent moisture from evaporating from the top layer of the earth. The temperature must be at least 20°C.

Seedling

Seeds should hatch for 4-5 days, then open the bed and lower the ambient temperature to 6-10°C. Wait until the first full leaf has grown. This will happen by the end of the week, then you need to raise the temperature to 14-16 ° C. Make sure that at least half of the day (14-15 hours) sunrises are illuminated by the sun, but on cloudy days you can turn on a phyto- or fluorescent lamp. In order for seedlings of late varieties of cabbage to grow vigorously, ventilate the room where the boxes with its seedlings are, but do not allow drafts.

As soon as you remove the cover (film or paper) from the boxes, monitor the condition of the soil. Now it can be moistened, but not abundantly, so that a black leg does not appear. For prevention, a week after the seeds are spitting, pour the soil with a weak solution of copper sulphate or potassium permanganate (3 g of powder per ten-liter capacity of water).

picking

In order for the seedlings to have more food area for rapid development, the seedlings must be dived. How and when to plant them correctly? Pour the soil abundantly before the procedure, then, using a narrow spatula, remove the seedlings alternately with a clod of earth, cut off the roots by a third and plant them in a separate cup, preferably peat-humus, deepening into the soil to the cotyledon leaves.

Why do we suggest using these cups? They are pressed from humus and peat, so you can plant them in the ground directly in them, the root system, with further growth of the seedlings, will quietly grow through the walls of the cup and continue to grow. This is how the most rational cultivation of cabbage seedlings is obtained.

Priming

How to determine visually whether it is time to plant cabbage seedlings in open ground or wait? Look at the seedling. If you have a late-ripening variety, seedling height 15-20 cm, 4-6 leaves per stem, then it's time to plant it in open ground from mid to late May.

By the way, carefully prepare the soil if you are interested in a good harvest. Late varieties of cabbage will grow well in loamy or clay soil, but not in acidic soils. The ideal hydrogen value should be -7.0.

On the first day of autumn in dry weather, it is necessary to dig up a plot for cabbage, and do not level the ground. The more irregularities, the better the soil will absorb moisture during the winter and spring period. Only after the snow has melted will it be necessary to “close the moisture”, that is, slightly level the soil surface with a rake to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture.

Landing pattern

Seedlings should not grow randomly. How to plant it correctly? If you want to get an excellent crop of late-ripening cabbage, there is a planting scheme - 60 × 70.

It is necessary to exclude the thickening of the beds, because the cabbage requires a large amount of sunlight and space for the free development of heads of cabbage.

What should be the correct planting of late cabbage varieties? Use the layout of her seedlings, while pouring a mixture of fertilizers. It is necessary to mix a handful of peat with a handful of sand for each well, add two humus and 50 g of wood ash. Pour 0.5 tsp as fertilizer. nitrophoska. As soon as all the wells are fertilized, water them abundantly and dip the cups with seedlings into the resulting slurry, which must be dug on top with moist soil, pressed lightly and sprinkled with dry soil.

Care

And so, you have finally finished planting seedlings in open ground and are ready to reap the fruits of your labor. However, before the time comes to collect elastic dense heads, you need to take care of protecting the cabbage from various insect pests and diseases.

What need to do? On hot sunny days, provide shade for seedlings with newspaper or non-woven fabric. Planted seedlings should be watered daily in the evenings from a watering can with a divider for the first seven days. If the night frosts have already stopped, calmly remove the shelter.

Until the harvest, you just have to regularly water the developing seedlings, gently loosen the soil under them, weed weeds in time, regularly fertilize and treat for diseases and pests.

When three weeks have passed after planting, each cabbage seedling should be hilled, and after ten days, repeat the hilling procedure again.

Watering

For cabbages, access to water is very important, which is why you should adhere to the irrigation regime in order to get a good harvest on the open field. What does it mean:

• Water only in the evening;
• On sunny hot days, cabbage needs water every 2-3 days;
• Cloudy days - a reason to switch to watering every 5-6 days;
• After watering, it is necessary to loosen the soil with simultaneous hilling of seedlings.

Do you want to get the maximum possible yield of cabbage? The mulching layer should be at least 5 cm high and consist of peat, which will not only retain moisture in the ground, but will also be an excellent source of nutrients during the development of the plant.

top dressing

It is mineral fertilizers that have a direct impact on plant growth. That is why, already on the 7-9th day, the dived seedlings need the first feeding. You need to prepare a mixture of 2 g of ammonium nitrate, 4 g of superphosphate and 2 potash fertilizers, then dissolve it in a liter of water. The resulting solution is enough for you for 50-60 seedlings.

So that the fertilizer does not get on the plants and does not cause burns, it must be poured into moistened soil.

After two weeks, a second top dressing is needed with a double dose of each fertilizer element per liter of water.

The third top dressing is called hardening, because it is done two days before the cabbage is planted in open ground. Here is the composition: per liter of water 5 g of superphosphate, 8 g of potash fertilizer, 3 g of ammonium nitrate.

What do potash fertilizers do in high concentrations? They help seedlings to take root in open ground.

Is it possible to replace all three dressings with the finished mixture? Pay attention to the Kemira Lux liquid, which is a complex fertilizer in proportions that are rational for cabbage.

It is advisable to continue feeding plants even after planting seedlings in the ground. For the active development of heads, it is necessary to add liquid top dressing at the stage of head formation at the rate of 8 g of potassium sulfate, 5 g of double superphosphate and 4 g of urea per 10 liters of water.

Protection

After planting in open ground, tender seedlings of late varieties of cabbage need reliable protection from diseases and pests. How to do it:

• Dusting with a mixture of ash and tobacco dust will help get rid of the invasion of fleas and slugs;
• To destroy caterpillars and aphids, take care of timely spraying with infusion of tomato leaves. To do this, take 2 kg of a plant, pour 5 liters of water for four hours and boil for three hours. When the infusion has cooled, it must be filtered, diluted with water 1: 2 and pour 20-30 g of tar soap, grated on a fine grater, so that the infusion stays on the leaves.
• The second option for dealing with aphids and caterpillars is to use an infusion of onion peel. Tightly fill a liter jar with it and fill this amount with two liters of boiling water. Two days later, the resulting infusion should be filtered, add 1 tbsp. dish detergent or liquid soap and dilute the mixture with two liters of water.
• To deal with the larvae of the cabbage fly, scoop and Maybug, use a cunning maneuver. Dilute jam or honey with water, pour into a jar and dig it in the area. Black ants will crawl on the sweet, and in the meantime they will devour all the larvae.
• As an additional measure to combat harmful insects, planting spicy plants near the cabbage site, including rosemary with basil, cilantro, sage, mint and marigolds, will help. Their aroma will attract rider beetles with lacewings, ladybugs and other predatory insects, great lovers of fleas, slugs, butterflies and aphids.

Conclusion

Getting a large crop of late varieties of cabbage is very simple. To do this, you must adhere to the rules of seed care, sowing, germination, diving. Planting late cabbage in the ground should be at a certain time with the use of stimulants. Equally important are the timely planting of seedlings and top dressing with fertilizers, regular watering and loosening the soil in the beds. As protection against pests and diseases, chemical and self-made means of protection are used, as well as the attraction of beneficial predatory insects to control pests. Using the recommendations for care and cultivation will allow you to get an excellent harvest of tight and juicy cabbages of late varieties at the end of autumn for long-term winter storage and pickling.

Cabbage in your area If you already have white cabbage seeds, it may seem that all that remains is to throw them into the ground, water them and wait for the harvest. But this is not at all the case - cabbage is capricious, and in order to get a bountiful harvest, you need to work hard. Today we will tell you what needs to be done so that the cabbage crop in your garden will please you.

Content:

• How to store a crop of cabbage

• General agricultural technology

  It is good to plant cabbage in the ground, if legumes, potatoes, cucumbers grew there before. Sowing seeds for seedlings should be done in the second half of March in closed ground. Seedlings will appear within a week. When the seedlings have 5 true leaves, usually in a month, the seedlings will be ready for planting. Then it can be hardened and fed. In phase 2 of true leaves, the first feeding is carried out, and the second one a week before planting.

  Planting cabbage in the ground

  Planting late varieties of cabbage in open ground is possible at the end of May, and early - at the end of April. When planting cabbage seedlings in open ground, a distance of 60 cm from each bush must be observed, so that the distance between any two bushes is at least 60 cm. Caring for cabbage is simple: watering, fertilizing, hilling - nothing unusual, however, this should be done regularly. To provide the necessary nutrition, plants are fertilized with special complex water-soluble mineral fertilizers containing the NPK complex, biohumus. During the growing season, at least 2 top dressings are carried out.

  cabbage care

  Watering

  It turns out that cabbage is very demanding on moisture and sensitive to watering. The most abundant watering is required during the formation of the head and immediately after planting the seedlings in the phase of accelerated leaf growth. How much water does cabbage need? After planting cabbage in open ground, it is abundantly watered every four days at the rate of 7 liters of water per square meter, and so on for two weeks. Then watering is reduced to 10 liters per square meter once a week. Late cabbage should be watered more abundantly and a little more often. Watering is carried out in the morning or evening. Loosening cabbage. Loosening is necessary after rains and watering, when the top layer of the earth dries out a little. Light soils are loosened by 10 cm, and heavy ones by 20 cm. In any case, it is necessary to loosen once a week.

  Cabbage hilling

  The first hilling of cabbage is carried out 20 days after planting and is repeated once a week. And the last time spud before closing the rows. The shorter the stump, the better and more often you need to spud, and vice versa.

  Cabbage dressing

  After the first watering and the hilling following it, the first dressing of the cabbage is carried out. First dressing: 1.5-2.5 g per square meter (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). second top dressing: a month after the first, 2-3 g of fertilizer on the same area. Instead of chemical fertilizers, you can use natural ones: diluted slurry (in a ratio of 1:3 with water), mullein (in a ratio of 1:4 with water), bird droppings (in a ratio of 1:8 with water), 1-2 liters per plant . But if the soil is fertile and fertilizer is applied under the first bookmark, then top dressing is not required. You can’t just forget about pests (aphids, slugs, snails), you can use wood ash (ash) against them, dusting them with plants at the rate of 150g per square meter. Industrial cultivation of cabbage

  Head cracking

  One small problem - heads of cabbage crack! In order to avoid cracking heads, it is recommended that large plants, the harvesting time of which has not yet come, be artificially aged. To do this, they violate the root system - they cut it with a spatula, swing it and leave it. Thus, the access of nutrients and moisture will stop, the growth of the head will stop and prevent cracking.

  Growing white cabbage (video)

  Harvest

  When to harvest? If you want to ferment cabbage, then remove it in mid-October, late cabbage for winter storage is harvested at the end of October. Early cabbage is not intended for long-term storage and may not lie all winter. To protect heads of cabbage from fungal diseases and rotting, they are cut with a long stalk and two lower leaves, this will also protect the fruits from mechanical damage. Cabbage is recommended to be harvested in a state of removable ripeness in dry weather, after the first slight frosts. But premature harvesting can lead to excessive fading. If you are late with cleaning, then the heads of cabbage burst and shoot. We recommend that you learn about the most basic mistakes summer residents make when choosing seeds. If it was not possible to save heads of cabbage from frost, then they should thaw in the bud.

  How to store a crop of cabbage

  The temperature in the storage should not exceed 4 degrees, otherwise the cabbage will begin to crack and germinate. The preparation of the premises begins in the summer, with airing and disinfection with a whitewash solution of quicklime and fumigation with sulfur. Fresh cabbage is stored in basements and cellars at a temperature of 0-1C and a humidity of not more than 85%, not less than 50%. They are stored in lattice boxes with the pokers inside, storage in stacks (ventilated) is allowed. Can be hung on poles. We recommend learning how to use spunbond in beds. We hope that this guide will help you in managing your farm.

  Also read:

Growing late cabbage

Growing late white cabbage

To get a harvest late white cabbage in September and later, medium-late and late-ripening varieties are chosen, which are grown in seedlings and seedlings. Seedlings are grown in open ground for a month. The term for sowing seeds late ripening cabbage is calculated as follows: the vegetation period of the variety is counted from the harvesting period.

This date will be the sowing time for seedless culture. When growing seedlings, sowing seeds is done ten days earlier. They should be sown in early May with seedless cultivation.

When growing through seedlings, sowing should be carried out on April 20-25. Seedlings are grown in open ground, in the so-called nurseries. The nursery from autumn should be filled with organic and mineral fertilizers.

For autumn digging, it is necessary to add 20-30 kg / m2 of humus, 20 g / m2 of superphosphate and 15 g / m2 of potassium chloride. In the spring, 30 g / m2 of ammonium nitrate, 20 g / m2 of superphosphate are added for loosening. The soil should be loose, sowing in moist soil. Seeding rate of seeds is 1-1.2 g/m2.

Sowing scheme with a row spacing of 20 cm. Nursery care: cabbage seedlings still in the phase of cotyledon leaves must be sprayed against cruciferous flea, 2-3 waterings. Seedlings are planted in a permanent place in late May - early June.

When selecting seedlings, the roots are dipped in a "talker" made from earth and humus. Planting pattern for mid-late cabbage 70 x 45-50 or 90+50 x 45-50.

Planting scheme for late cabbage 70 x 60 or 90 + 50 x 60 cm. During the growing season, 4-5 more sprays are carried out against leaf-eating pests, stopping them a month before harvesting. Against fungal diseases, cabbage is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux liquid or 0.4% solution of copper oxychloride (HOM, OXYHOM). The first feeding is carried out 10-15 days after planting seedlings, 20 g / m2 of ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride .

The second feeding is carried out during the formation of the rosette, the third feeding - during the formation of the head. In these top dressings for middle and late cabbage, 30 g of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride, 20 g / m2 of superphosphate are applied per 1 m2. On late cabbage, 10-12 irrigations are given for the growing season, the irrigation rate before the head is set is 35-40 l / m2 of water, during head growth 50-60 l/m2. Stop watering 2-3 weeks before harvest. Row spacings must be loosened after each watering. With seedless cultivation, plants develop a more powerful root system that penetrates deep into the soil, which provides them with a better water regime.<<< Предыдущая Далее >>>

Varieties for open ground

First of all, you need to understand that there are different types of cabbage: white, red, Brussels, Beijing, cauliflower. In our area, mainly white-headed, less often red-headed are grown in open ground. The most popular varieties are: Gribovsky 147, No. 1 polar K-206 (early ripening varieties), Transfer, F Sprint, F Rinda, Golden hectare, Stakhanovka (mid-ripening and medium-late varieties) Galaxy, Kolobok, Gade (late varieties). These varieties can also be grown in greenhouses, but they are best suited for outdoor cultivation.

General rules for growing outdoors

As already noted, growing cabbage in the open field is not as easy as it seems. Even if she is surrounded by the same care as the seedlings in the greenhouse, all the same, more dangers await her here, from which she should be protected.

There is a high probability of occurrence of various diseases, pests. You also need to monitor the soil moisture, because deviations from the norm in any direction can lead to unpleasant consequences.

A lot depends on the site itself. Firstly, it should not be shaded, as cabbage is a photophilous culture. Secondly, you need to take into account the crops that grew before: it is undesirable to plant cabbage after radishes, turnips, tomatoes, beets.

This is primarily due to the nutrients that these crops “suck out” from the soil, and after them, “enhanced” diseases that pose a danger to cabbage can also remain on the site. It is better to choose areas for cabbage where potatoes, cucumbers, cereals, legumes were previously grown. It is important to remember that acidic soil is not suitable for growing cabbage in open ground, in which case be sure to lim it.

Sowing and seed care

If you decide to grow cabbage from seeds, then your first actions should depend on which seeds you decide to use: bought in a store or obtained by your own labor. Before sowing your own seeds, they must be prepared: first, hold them for some time, no more than 20 minutes, in hot water (the water temperature should be about 50 ° C), immediately after that send them for a couple of minutes in cold water, and at the end completely dry .With purchased seeds, this is not necessary, since almost all manufacturers pre-treat the seeds.

A similar procedure is done immediately before sowing: the seed is soaked and kept for a day at a cold temperature - such hardening contributes to the early germination and resistance of the seeds. In the future, such seedlings will be able to withstand frosts of 5-7 ° C in open ground, while non-hardened ones will not withstand more than two or three. For growing seedlings from seeds, exclusively loose soil is used, usually with a large admixture of peat.

There is a picking method, when the seedlings are moved to individual containers, there is no picking. But regardless, there are general rules for caring for seedlings.

Cabbage needs moderate watering: if there is a shortage, it begins to dry out, grow weakly, and if it is poured, oxygen will stop flowing to the roots, rotting will begin, and other diseases are possible. Light and temperature conditions must also be observed. Poor light or high temperatures entail stretching of seedlings, the same result will be with dense sowing. It is also recommended to ventilate the room with seedlings frequently. It is important to remember that the first 2 weeks the cabbage will grow slowly, and the first pair of leaves will appear in about 20-25 days.

Landing in the ground

It is worth planting only strong seedlings, which have already acquired a dark green color, have 4-5 leaves. The place for planting is marked out as follows: the distance between plants should be about half a meter, that is, the holes are knocked out after 50-60 cm each, and the rows should be separated by a distance of about 70-80 cm. In addition to watering the holes before planting, you must also apply fertilizer there - compost, wood ash mixed with the ground is also added, then watered again. It is important to ensure that the growth point is not covered.

Care

After you have planted the seedlings and it has taken root, you can breathe a little - half the work is done, but in no case should you stop caring for the plants. You need to continue to water the plants 2-3 times a week, later you can already switch to a one-time abundant watering for a week.

Experienced gardeners recommend sprinkling watering, so the air is also saturated with moisture. At least once every two weeks, it is advisable to loosen the ground near the plant. Try to fight pests as effectively as possible (today there are enough chemicals designed to fight certain diseases, insects, you can also resort to folk methods). Feeding needs to be done several times.

The first is about two weeks after landing in a new place - they usually make phosphate fertilizer, manure, chicken droppings. The second top dressing should take place in another 2 weeks, the same components are introduced, potash mixtures can be finished off, further subcorks are made if necessary. Given the cold resistance of cabbage, it can be safely cut after frost, early ripe varieties of course earlier. Here you need to accurately choose the time, because if you harvest earlier, the vegetables may begin to wither, if you miss the moment, cracks in the heads are inevitable.

A video that is designed to teach novice gardeners to avoid annoying mistakes in the process of growing cabbage in their summer cottage.