Will essay. Composition: Will, volitional qualities of a person

The essay contains references to the story of B. Raevsky "15 in the morning, 15 in the evening."

Option 1

Willpower is a quality that allows a person not to deviate from the chosen path, to remain true to his goal.

In the story of B. Raevsky, a hero named Julius demonstrates willpower. He had been preparing for a fight with Yashka for a whole year, despite the pain and torment. It was thanks to this quality that he was able to defeat himself and the enemy.

Another example of a man with a strong will is found in the same story. We are talking about Ali Mahmud, who taught Yulu how to become strong.

Without willpower, it is impossible to achieve a dream. This is a wonderful quality that helps to achieve a lot in life.

Option 2

I think that willpower is the ability to pull yourself together and continue to go towards the intended goal, despite the hardships and inconveniences. Without willpower, you cannot achieve something outstanding, because big goals always require big efforts.

So, the weak boy Julius, the hero of the story of B. Raevsky, it was thanks to his willpower that he was able to train for a year and eventually defeat the strong Yashka Krivonosy.

Another great example of a person with an iron will is the famous surfer Bethany Hamilton. At the age of 13, a shark bit off her hand, but this did not break the girl: she became the winner of many competitions and teaches children around the world to ride the waves.

Willpower is one of the prerequisites for achieving any, especially difficult, goal!

Option 3

I mean by willpower the ability to do everything that depends on you for the time that is necessary to achieve the goal. Willpower is determination and a strong character, it helps not to give up, even when you really want to retreat.

The boy Yuliy from the story of B. Raevsky hardly wanted to train every day, he admits that the year of preparation for the fight with Yashka was full of torment, but he was able to defeat the enemy.

And in the life around us there are many examples of people with a strong will. My older sister, despite the fact that she is not good at exact sciences, during the year spent all her free time preparing for the exam in physics and passed it brilliantly. So she became one step closer to her dream of becoming an engineer.

I believe that willpower is an excellent quality that requires composure, and the reward for strength of character will always be the fulfillment of any conceived desire.

Option 4

Willpower, in my opinion, is the ability to overcome oneself, to accomplish something that seems impossible to achieve one's goal. Without working on yourself, you cannot realize your dreams. material from the site

In the story of B. Raevsky, the frail Julius, being bullied by Yashka, at first does not understand how to rebuff him, because he is much weaker than his offender. But a conversation with a visiting strongman changes his life: he sets himself the goal of becoming strong and punishing the fighter. The torment and pain of training have borne fruit: Yashka is finally defeated. This victory was won only thanks to the strength of Yula's will.

The same quality helped the former circus performer Valentin Dikul to start walking again after a serious injury and damage to the spinal cord. His work on himself is admirable.

Indeed, willpower, aimed at achieving a goal, gives amazing results.

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Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

The concept of will. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Will functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Arbitrary and involuntary volitional actions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

The structure of volitional action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Volitional qualities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Theories of will. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .eight

Will pathology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ten

Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

List of sources used. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .thirteen

Introduction

Will - the ability to choose activities and internal efforts necessary for its implementation. A specific act, irreducible to consciousness and activity as such. Carrying out a volitional action, a person opposes the power of directly experienced needs, impulsive desires: a volitional act is characterized not by the experience of "I want", but by the experience of "I must", "I must", awareness of the value characteristics of the purpose of the action. Volitional behavior includes decision-making, often accompanied by a struggle of motives, and its implementation.

Weakness of will, disorganization, action on the strongest motive, a relatively easy refusal to achieve the goal in spite of its objective significance - all this is characteristic of a person.

We cannot always distinguish persistence from stubbornness, adherence to certain principles from striving, by all means to achieve our own, seeing in all this equal manifestations of will. Therefore, it is necessary to learn to separate the true manifestations of the will from the false ones.

The concept of will

Will is the most complex phenomenon in human psychology. Will can be defined as a kind of internal force of a psychological nature, capable of controlling psychological phenomena and human behavior. This is a form of internal control of behavior carried out by a person and associated with his consciousness, thinking.

Will is the highest level of regulation of human behavior. This is what makes it possible to set difficult goals for oneself, to achieve the set goals, overcoming internal and external obstacles thanks to the will, a person makes a conscious choice when he is faced with the need to choose among several forms of behavior.

The main difference between human behavior and the behavior of other creatures is will. For 300 years, science has made almost no progress in understanding the meaning of will and volitional regulation. This is due to the fact that will is a subjective phenomenon that does not have certain external manifestations and physiological signs; it is not known which brain structures are responsible for volitional regulation.

Will presupposes self-restraint, the restraint of some fairly strong drives, the conscious subordination of them to other, more significant, important goals, the ability to suppress desires and impulses that directly arise in a given situation. At the highest levels of its manifestation, the will involves reliance on spiritual goals and moral values, on beliefs and ideals.

Will Functions

In general, volitional processes perform three main functions.

The first - initiating (directly related to motivational factors) is to force one or another action, behavior, activity to start, overcoming objective and subjective obstacles.

The second is stabilizing, associated with volitional efforts to maintain activity at the proper level in the event of external and internal interference of various kinds.

The third - inhibitory consists in the inhibition of other, often strong motives and desires, other behaviors.

Will as a process is not only one of the highest forms of organization of all other mental processes. In volitional processes, the personality and its mental processes are not only manifested, but also formed and developed. In this regard, one more function of the will is singled out - genetic, productive. As a result of its action, the level of awareness and organization of other mental processes increases, and the so-called volitional properties of the personality are formed - independence, determination, perseverance, self-control, purposefulness, etc.

Arbitrary and involuntary

volitional actions

Any human activity is always accompanied by specific actions that can be divided into two large groups: voluntary and involuntary. The main difference between voluntary actions is that they are carried out under the control of consciousness and require certain efforts on the part of a person aimed at achieving a consciously set song. For example, imagine a sick person who hardly takes a glass of water in his hand, brings it to his mouth, tilts it, makes a movement with his mouth, that is, performs a number of actions united by one goal - to quench his thirst. All individual actions, thanks to the efforts of consciousness aimed at regulating behavior, merge into one whole, and a person drinks water. These efforts are often called volitional regulation, or will.

Arbitrary or volitional actions develop on the basis of involuntary movements and actions. The simplest of the involuntary actions are reflex ones: constriction and expansion of the pupil, blinking, swallowing, sneezing, etc. The same class of movements includes the withdrawal of a hand when touching a hot object, an involuntary turn of the head in the direction of a sound, etc. Involuntary character Our expressive movements are also usually worn: when angry, we involuntarily clench our teeth; in surprise, we raise our eyebrows or open our mouths; when we are happy about something, we begin to smile, etc.

Volitional structure

The structure of volitional action can be represented as a diagram:

Volitional activity always consists of certain volitional actions, which contain all the signs and qualities of the will. In this action, the following simple steps can be clearly distinguished:

1) motivation;

3) decision making;

4) willpower.

Often the 1st, 2nd and 3rd stages are combined, calling this part of the volitional action the preparatory link, while the 4th stage is called the executive link. For a simple volitional action, it is characteristic that the choice of a goal, the decision to perform an action in a certain way, is carried out without a struggle of motives.

In a complex volitional action, the following stages are distinguished:

1) awareness of the goal and the desire to achieve it;

2) awareness of a number of opportunities to achieve the goal;

3) the emergence of motives that affirm or deny these possibilities;

4) struggle of motives and choice;

5) accepting one of the possibilities as a solution;

6) implementation of the adopted decision.

Volitional qualities

Volitional qualities are relatively stable mental formations independent of the specific situation, certifying the level of conscious self-regulation of behavior achieved by the individual, his power over himself. Volitional qualities combine the moral components of the will, which are formed in the process of education, and genetic ones, closely related to the typological features of the nervous system. For example, fear, the inability to endure fatigue for a long time, to make a quick decision to a large extent depend on the innate characteristics of a person (strength and weakness of the nervous system, its lability).

Volitional qualities include three components: proper psychological (moral), physiological (volitional effort) and neurodynamic (typological features of the nervous system).

Based on this, all volitional qualities are divided into "basal" (primary) and systemic (secondary). The primary ones are actually volitional qualities, which, in turn, are divided into two groups. The first group is characterized by purposefulness, the ability to keep an effort of will, this is patience, perseverance, perseverance.

The second group characterizes self-control and includes such qualities as courage, endurance, determination. It is important for the education of the will to present to the child the requirements that are appropriate and feasible for his age, with mandatory control over their implementation. Lack of control can create a habit of quitting before finishing. The manifestation of willpower is due to the moral motives of a person. The presence of a person's strong beliefs and a holistic worldview is the basis of the volitional organization of the personality.

Theories of will

To date, several scientific directions have been formed that interpret the concept of “will” in different ways: will as voluntarism, will as freedom of choice, will as arbitrary control of behavior, will as motivation, will as volitional regulation.

1. Will as voluntarism

In attempts to explain the mechanisms of human behavior within the framework of the problem of will, a direction arose that in 1883, with the light hand of the German sociologist F. Tennis, received the name "voluntarism" and recognizes the will as a special, supranatural force. According to the doctrine of voluntarism, volitional acts are not determined by anything, but they themselves determine the course of mental processes. The German philosophers A. Schopenhauer and E. Hartmann went even further, declaring the will to be a cosmic force, a blind and unconscious first principle from which all mental manifestations of a person originate. Consciousness and intellect are, according to Schopenhauer, secondary manifestations of the will. Spinoza denied causeless behavior, since "the will itself, like everything else, needs a cause." I. Kant recognized equally provable both the thesis about free will and the antithesis that the will is incapable. Solving the problem of human freedom, Kant subjected to critical analysis both the Christian doctrine of free will and the concept of mechanistic determinism.

2. Will as "free choice"

The Dutch philosopher B. Spinoza considered the struggle of impulses as a struggle of ideas. Spinoza's will acts as an awareness of external determination, which is subjectively perceived as one's own voluntary decision, as inner freedom.

However, the English thinker J. Locke tried to isolate the question of free choice from the general problem of free will. Freedom, on the other hand, consists "precisely in this, that we can act or not act according to our choice or desire."

The American psychologist W. James considered the main function of the will to make a decision about an action in the presence of two or more ideas of movement in the mind at the same time. Therefore, volitional effort consists in directing a person of his consciousness to an unattractive, but necessary object and focusing attention on it. Classifying himself as a voluntarist, W. James considered the will to be an independent force of the soul, with the ability to make decisions about action.

L.S. Vygotsky, when discussing the problem of will, also associated this concept with freedom of choice.

3. Will as "arbitrary motivation"

The concept of will as a determinant of human behavior originated in ancient Greece and for the first time was explicitly formulated by Aristotle. The philosopher understood that knowledge in itself is not the cause of rational behavior, but a certain force that causes action according to reason. This force is born, according to Aristotle, in the rational part of the soul, thanks to the combination of a rational connection with aspiration, which gives the decision a motivating force.

Rene Descartes understood the will as the ability of the soul to form desire and determine the impulse to any human action that cannot be explained on the basis of a reflex. The will can slow down the movements caused by passion. Reason, according to Descartes, is the will's own instrument.

G.I. Chelpanov singled out three elements in the act of will: desire, aspiration and effort. K.N. Kornilov emphasized that volitional actions are always based on a motive.

L.S. Vygotsky singled out two separate processes in volitional action: the first corresponds to a decision, the closing of a new brain connection, the creation of a special functional apparatus; the second - executive - consists in the work of the created apparatus, in the action according to the instructions, in the implementation of the decision.

4. Will as obligation

The specificity of this approach to understanding the will is that the will is considered as one of the incentive mechanisms, along with the actually experienced need.

Will pathology

Allocate the pathology of higher and lower volitional activity. The pathology of higher volitional activity includes hyperbulia. At the same time, a pathological distortion of the motivation of volitional activity is revealed. There is an extraordinary perseverance in achieving goals by any means.

Hypobulia is a decrease in volitional activity, accompanied by poverty of motives, lethargy, inactivity, poor speech, weakening of attention, impoverishment of thinking, decreased motor activity, and limited communication. Abulia - lack of motives, desires, drives. It is observed in chronic diseases with a decrease in intelligence and a weakening of affective activity. Often combined with symptoms such as: a decrease in social productivity - a deterioration in the performance of social roles and skills, a decrease in professional productivity - a deterioration in the performance of professional duties and skills, i.e. specific tasks and responsibilities, knowledge and standards in the professional field and its productivity ( material production, service, the sphere of science and art), social alienation is a form of behavior characterized by a persistent tendency to reject social interactions and connections, etc.

The pathology of the lower volitional activity includes the pathology of drives that are formed on the basis of instincts in the form of their strengthening, weakening or perversion. For example: pathology of the food instinct (bulimia - increased craving for food associated with a lack of satiety; anorexia - weakening or lack of hunger), pathology of the self-preservation instinct: phobias - an unreasonable feeling of fear for one's life; agoraphobia - fear of open spaces, situations close to them, such as the presence of a crowd and the inability to immediately return to a safe place (usually home); pathology of the sexual instinct (hypersexuality, gender identity disorders)

There are also disorders of habits and drives (propensity to gamble).

Conclusion

Will - the ability to choose activities and internal efforts necessary for its implementation. In general, volitional processes perform three main functions: initiating, stabilizing, and inhibiting.

Any human activity is always accompanied by specific actions that can be divided into two large groups: voluntary and involuntary.

The structure of the will can be represented as the following steps:

1) motivation;

2) awareness of the possibilities of achieving the goal;

3) decision making;

4) willpower.

The pathology of the will is divided into lower and higher. The pathology of higher volitional activity includes hyperbulia. The pathology of the lower volitional activity includes the pathology of drives that are formed on the basis of instincts in the form of their strengthening, weakening or perversion.

Option 1

Willpower is a quality that allows a person not to deviate from the chosen path, to remain true to his goal.

In the story of B. Raevsky, a hero named Julius demonstrates willpower. For a whole year (proposition 54) he prepared for a fight with Yashka, despite the pain and torment (proposition 53). It was thanks to this quality that he was able to defeat himself and the enemy.

Another example of a man with a strong will is found in the same story. We are talking about Ali Mahmud, who taught Yulu how to become strong (proposition 36).

Without willpower, it is impossible to achieve a dream. This is a wonderful quality that helps to achieve a lot in life.

Option 2

I think that willpower is the ability to pull yourself together and continue to move towards the intended goal, despite the hardships and inconveniences. Without willpower, you cannot achieve something outstanding, because big goals always require big efforts.

So, the weak boy Julius, the hero of the story of B. Raevsky, it was thanks to his willpower that he was able to train for a year (proposition 53) and eventually defeat the strong Yashka Krivonosy.

Another great example of a man with an iron will is the famous surfer Bethany Hamilton. At the age of 13, a shark bit off her hand, but this did not break the girl: she became the winner of many competitions and teaches children around the world to ride the waves.

Willpower is one of the prerequisites for achieving any, especially difficult, goal!

Option 3

I mean by willpower the ability to do everything that depends on you for the time that is necessary to achieve the goal. Willpower is determination and a strong character, it helps not to give up, even when you really want to retreat.

The boy Julius from the story of B. Raevsky hardly wanted to train every day, he admits that the year of preparation for the fight with Yashka was full of torment (proposition 52), but he was able to defeat the enemy (proposition 62).

And in the life around us there are many examples of people with a strong will. My older sister, despite the fact that she is not good at exact sciences, during the year spent all her free time preparing for the exam in physics and passed it brilliantly. So she became one step closer to her dream of becoming an engineer.

I believe that willpower is an excellent quality that requires composure, and the reward for strength of character will always be the fulfillment of any conceived desire.

Option 4

Willpower, in my opinion, is the ability to overcome oneself, to accomplish something that seems impossible to achieve one's goal. Without working on yourself, you cannot realize your dreams.

In the story of B. Raevsky, the frail Julius, being bullied by Yashka, at first does not understand how to rebuff him, because he is much weaker than his offender. But a conversation with a visiting strong man changes his life: he sets himself the goal of becoming strong and punishing the fighter (proposition 42-45). The torment and pain of training have borne fruit: Yashka is finally defeated. This victory was won only thanks to Yula's willpower.

The same quality helped the former circus performer Valentin Dikul to start walking again after a serious injury and damage to the spinal cord. His work on himself is admirable.

Indeed, willpower, aimed at achieving a goal, gives amazing results.

Text for work

(1) For a long time, the Voronikhin boys were at enmity with the boys from beyond the ravine.

(2) Short, sickly Julius flew in especially often.

(3) Once at the bridge he was met by Yashka Krivonosy with his unbridled gang.

(4) - Well, Caesar, let's have a bite, - said Yashka. (b) He bent down and grabbed a handful of earth. (6) - Eat, Ancient Rome!

(7) Two guys twisted Yulia's arms, and Krivonosy pressed a handful of earth to his tightly clenched mouth. (8) Yula twitched, fought back. (9) The earth creaked disgustingly on its teeth, and only a policeman who suddenly appeared saved him ...

(Yu) A few days later, Yula again ran into Yashka's company.

(11) - Hey! Yashka said. (12) - Disorder! (13) Caesar was red-haired. (14) And Yula is black! (15) Let's fix it now ...

(16) He held Julius tightly while one of the boys ran home, brought a bucket and a brush. (17) Yashka, to the friendly laughter of the boys, boldly slapped paint on Yulia's head, so that his hair stuck together and rose. (18) Both the forehead and ears were smeared with fiery bright paint ...

(19) Yula looked at the tormentor with hatred. (20) If he could, he would wipe Yashka off the face of the earth. (21) But how? (22) Yashka was a head taller than him and, of course, much stronger.

(23) ... Soon a big top circus arrived in the city, and Julius went to the performance.

(24) An uncle in black entered the arena and announced loudly:

(25) - World famous strongman Ali Mahmud!

(26) To a thunder of applause, a real strong man stepped onto the carpet. (27) A horse was brought into the arena, and Ali Mahmud picked it up as simply as if it were a toy horse, then just as easily carried a pole around the arena, at each end of which three men hung.

(28) Small, frail Yula enthusiastically followed every movement of Ali Mahmud.

(29) “I wish I were such a strong man!” Yula dreamed, fading with happiness. (ZO) How wonderful he could have done then! (31) And the very first thing - I would then give Yashka pepper!

(32) After the performance backstage, Yula asked Ali Mahmud:

(33) - Is it difficult to become a strongman?

(34) Ali Mahmud replied almost without hesitation:

(35) - It's very simple, boy. (Zb) Fifteen pull-ups in the morning, fifteen in the evening - that's all. (37) In a year you will become twice as strong.

(38) Summer is over, school has begun. (39) And on the very first day of classes, Yula again ran into Yashka Krivonosy.

(40) - Why don't you say hello, ancient? - Yashka, out of habit, forcefully held Yulia's palm from chin to forehead, painfully lifting up the raised tip of his nose.

(41) - Stop! - Angered Yula ordered furiously. (42) - We are fighting. (43) One on one. (44) But not now, but exactly in a year. (45) Remember: next year, on the first of September, I will certainly beat you. (46) I swear!

(47) - And if you don't beat? - sarcastically wedged Yashka.

(48) - If I don’t beat you, dye my hair with red lead, and I’ll walk around the city like this for a whole week ...

(49) There was so much anger and truthfulness in Yula's voice that they believed him.

(50) - Okay! - Yashka said with a threat. (51) - Exactly one year later, I take you at your word. (52) Look, Caesar! ..

(53) Yulia had to endure a lot of pain and torment, but two months later he was already doing fifteen pull-ups without a break ...

(54) A year has passed. (55) On September 1, Yula, together with his classmate Kolka Samokhin, went to the river. (56) A whole crowd of Voronikhins had already gathered there.

(57) - Well, - said Yashka, - let's start, weakling?

(58) His hands itched to quickly paint his enemy's head, so he jumped up to Yulia and hit him ...

(59) They fought for a long time. (bO) Many thought that Yula was about to fall down, give up, because they were used to defeating him. (61) But the audience did not notice that Yashka was already tired and was poking his fists almost at random, and Yula was still fresh.

(62) He hit Yashka in the chin, as it seemed to him, quite slightly, but suddenly his knees bent, and he gently sank to the ground.

(63) - Hooray! (64) Knockout! shouted Kolka Samokhin joyfully.

(65) It seems that Yula himself was most surprised. (66) He

I did not expect that his blow would be so powerful. (67) The audience was also numb ...

This story was the beginning of the sports path of the European champion, weightlifter Yuli Petrovich Starov.

Different paths lead people to sports...

(According to B. Raevsky)

Willpower is a quality of character that enables a person to achieve his goals and not retreat in the face of difficulties. Achieving great heights is impossible without the application of great efforts, the ability to overcome inconveniences and hardships.

In our lives, lack of willpower is often cited as the main cause of many problems: the inability to get rid of bad habits, failure to achieve goals due to refusal to complete difficult tasks, unwillingness to stop time-consuming entertainment in order to take steps towards a big goal, etc. Why is this happening? I think laziness is often the main cause of weak willpower. For example, a person dreams of achieving success in art or science, but at the same time does not show purposefulness, firmness in character, does not do everything in his power necessary to achieve the goal. In this case, it will be almost impossible to realize even the most cherished dream.

A strong will does not always accompany a person as an innate character trait, but each person always has the opportunity to develop his will, strengthen it, and learn not to retreat in the face of difficulties.

History knows many examples when people achieved their goals, despite the fact that they faced great difficulties and even misunderstanding, ridicule from other people. It seems to me that any person has great potential and opportunities, but many of them never reveal themselves due to the fact that people do not believe in themselves, show laziness and do not receive support and understanding from relatives. It is possible to overcome all these difficulties, having a strong will and desire on the way to the goal.

I would like to cite as an example the vivid story of Nick Vuychich, who became world famous. This man was born disabled: he never had arms and legs, because of which for a long time he suffered from loneliness and disrespect from society; however, having cultivated a strong willpower in himself, he learned to cope with his problems, received higher educations, actively participated in public life, as a result of which he headed a charitable organization and created a company for speeches, which allows him to motivate people on the way to achieve their goals.

So, urging people not only to dream, but also to go for a dream, this person, like many other strong people, says that the main driving force behind a person’s fate is himself, his efforts and aspirations, firmness and unshakable willpower.

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Essay on the topic: "What determines willpower?"

Strong-willed people are highly valued in our society, it is customary to understand that such a person can achieve a lot, is true to his goals, and will not deviate from the path. Understanding this literally, many people wish to manifest their will, to the extent that this state is familiar to them. They definitely want to achieve this much, without understanding whether it is precisely this much that they need. What is really behind this word - will? What is his strength, action, feeling, effort of the mind? The answer will help us to find the key to the possibility of easily accomplishing the tasks set, and, perhaps, refusing to use the will in such a notion as we are used to reading in textbooks.

Let's take the definition and the main function of the will from the book by Maklakov A.G. “Will is a person’s conscious regulation of his behavior and activities, expressed in the ability to overcome internal and external difficulties in the performance of purposeful actions and deeds. The main function of the will is the conscious regulation of activity in difficult conditions of life. The will itself is manifested in action - an act of will, which in turn consists of the following stages:

We understand that the impulse to action consists of desire and attraction, then the mind connects and thinks how to get something desired. And here, in order to proceed to actions, the power of true desire is needed, otherwise if it is not such, but imposed by society or far-fetched due to a lack of understanding of one’s own inner world, a person will go into a struggle of motives and a position of choice. A little about choice, according to Leontiev A.N.: “Choice is a sign of volitional action. Where there is no choice, there is no volitional action. If we are talking about choice, then it is natural to introduce one more concept - decision making. A volitional act is an action in the conditions of choice, based on the adoption of a decision. Here you have a detailed description of volitional action. Then the whole problem passes to the problem of choice - how it is built, to the problem of making a decision - how it is made and what it is. Moreover, there are situations that do not offer any choice and yet cause an action that is very pronounced and, no doubt, equally regarded by all as volitional. The situation is very simple - the order of the commander. It is extremely difficult to carry out and, as they say, it is necessary to mobilize all the will. It is very difficult to rise to the attack and get off the ground, but there is no alternative. It is never discussed, it does not exist. Indeed, there is no alternative, no choice, you need to act and that's it. We only make up the choice, psychologically it is not there, really is not.” I agree with the opinion of the author and am convinced from my own experience, when there is no certainty that what you really want, a choice is invented - like an excuse, like internal resistance. And when there is a desire, a true hot feeling inside and you like it, as if this desired goal is inseparable from you, it is you. Then there is no question of choice - it is already yours, you just go and without noticing the efforts and even the actions themselves, you take this goal. There is no will here! Actions become imperceptible steps to the goal, pleasant to perform. Therefore, the above scheme is valid for a person who has not known his true natural desires, clung to other people's values, as if he really wants exactly this - the realization not of his real desires, but of some “correct” goals. Or, in the process of life experience, his desires have become so immoral and so embedded in his consciousness that in order to set up his activities for the good, it is required to really make an effort (treatment for addictions. drug addiction). The result is such a strange picture, when a person seems to be striving for something, but at the same time he does not have the strength even for a small step, not to mention going all the way to meet the goal. At the same time, a person does not so much want to fulfill his vague desires as he wants to want it, even without really understanding what is happening. On the good side, in order to understand oneself, one needs a painstaking analysis of all motives - neurotic and not so, as well as the study of a genetic predisposition, such as temperament, it is possible even to master the basics of meditation in order to calm the mind a little and give vent to sensations inside - to hear yourself. It turns out that the will is a necessary action for a person who is not far from the development of an animal that is enslaved in its instincts, and a person, with the help of consciousness and the manifestation of will, liberates himself. Indeed, will is important at certain stages of development. According to I.P. Pavlov, the will as an “instinct of freedom” acts as no less a stimulus for behavior than the instincts of hunger and danger. “If it weren’t for him,” he wrote, “every slightest obstacle that an animal would encounter in its path would completely interrupt the course of its life.” But man is a highly spiritual being and is capable of development. This means that it can refuse to use the will as a “crutch”. Honore de Balzac wrote about this “.. will is a victory over instincts, over drives, every minute.”

I believe that by developing the ability to feel, we will be able to perceive events, the world and ourselves more vividly, which means we will increase our power to desire, because we will feel and find the direction of this desired. But this requires a positive perception, otherwise empathy will not develop due to a possible painful reaction. The power of desire, the attraction to the understood goal, is the starting signal for thinking, imagination, memory; it also regulates attention, evokes feelings, and thus influences the formation of motives for volitional actions. Under the motives of volitional action refers to the reasons that motivate a person to act.

Therefore, a highly spiritual person, developing, attentive to his soul, does not need to be motivated, he will already achieve tremendous success, because he refused to use the will, as well as difficulties, they disappeared when he felt his way and does his job, which he loves . And after some time, this person spontaneously, without any forced efforts, becomes a professional - that is, a master of his craft. But besides this, here we have the deepest satisfaction from our own work. Money, honorary laurels and other achievements are just a side effect of this spontaneous process. Everyone is capable of this, you just need to distinguish where instincts speak in us, and where feelings try to reach out to consciousness. But, unfortunately, many without studying their inner world without understanding true desires, pull with all their might in the wrong direction, engaging in the violence of their own souls.