Military operations in Afghanistan and Chechnya. Comparative analysis of public opinion - Test

The Americans and their allies have been in Afghanistan longer than the Soviet troops.
November 26, 2010 marked 9 years and 50 days since the soldiers
The NATO coalition invaded the mountains of Afghanistan. Exactly that much
The military operation that the USSR carried out in Afghanistan lasted. Rubicon,
as they say, it has been passed and it is already possible to sum up some results, carry out
comparison and parallels, make predictions.

When Washington sent its troops into the “nest of world peace” in 2001
terrorism" in Afghanistan, in the post-Soviet space only the lazy
did not practice wit on this matter, skeptically assessing the chances
NATO. The Western world, on the contrary, arrived in the enviable confidence that
they certainly will not repeat the mistakes of the totalitarian Land of the Soviets and in
will achieve the desired goal in the foreseeable future. In Europe and America it was believed
that all sorts of comparisons between the Afghan wars of the USA and the USSR in this case
inappropriate. However, it has now become obvious that comparing the situation in the 1980s and
2000s is not only possible, but also necessary: ​​9-year history of the Afghan
war has provided a huge layer of material that needs analysis, comparison and
forecasting the situation.

What do the aggressor countries of the USSR and the USA have in common regarding Afghanistan?

Experts from the academy and exchange trading have identified a number of patterns:
1. both the USSR and the USA at the time of the introduction of their troops
Afghanistan were superpowers. Their military potential was enormous
which, in turn, made it possible to count on quick and unambiguous
success;
2. both states were empires of sorts,
that is, carriers of supranational ideology. The USSR fought for triumph
communism throughout the world, the USA - for the victory of democracy. The armies of these countries
were international, that is, theoretically they could not
be guided in your actions by nationalistic motives;
3. both in 1979-80 and in 2001 the invasion was carried out with lightning speed and almost without bloodshed;
4. US and USSR military personnel had a high fighting spirit;
5. command of both armies declared control over the entire territory of Afghanistan;
6. number of OKSVA in different years
ranged from 80 to 104 thousand military personnel (this does not include employees
intelligence services, instructors and civilian specialists). As part of the troops
ISAF currently has about 130 thousand soldiers and officers (this does not include
allegedly civilian employees of various security structures);
7. Both the USA and the USSR established a puppet government in Afghanistan, which they supported financially, unsuccessfully trying to place many of the burdens of the war on his shoulders.
As we can see, the initial data of the two states participating in the war in
Afghanistan are roughly comparable. During the same
activities, there were both certain similarities and significant
differences.

How are the Afghan wars of the USSR and the USA different?

The analytical service of the Masterforex-V Academy explained that:
against Soviet troops many fought
scattered detachments of Mujahideen of various political views,
religious preferences (Tajiks and Uzbeks - moderate Sunnis, Pashtuns -
Orthodox Sunnis, residents of Herat province - Shiites, among the population
Ismailism is widespread in Badakhshan), ethnicity. General
the number of armed opposition during the Soviet occupation is estimated
from 300 to 500 thousand people;
against NATO in Afghanistan is currently at war
only one Taliban movement plus a small organization
Al-Qaeda. The Taliban unites mainly Pashtuns who profess
radical forms of Sunni Islam. The number of Taliban is unlikely
exceeds 100 thousand fighters;
in the 1980s, the Afghan mujahideen were supported by the United States, Pakistan, China, Iran, all Arab countries;
Now the Taliban provide hidden
patronage only by Pakistani intelligence services, a little Iran and some
Arab organizations. In essence, the Taliban are forced to rely only on
the people of Afghanistan and then only to certain tribes and ethnic groups.
This is clearly not enough to conduct large-scale military operations;
USSR, which was the leader of the Warsaw bloc,
still did not drag allies into Afghanistan: Poles, Czechs,
Gederaites, Bulgarians. This allowed us to rely solely on our own
strength, ensure unity of command and not share responsibility. Even with
from a human point of view, such a step looks more noble
(the Eastern European allies, however, did not appreciate this, but now
got the opportunity to taste all the “delights” of the Afghan war);
The United States initiated the deployment of NATO troops to Afghanistan,
fortunately, all member countries of the Alliance fully supported this decision.
Now Afghan warriors will appear in more than 20 countries, including not even
NATO Australia and New Zealand.

The results of the operation can be called twofold:
— On the one side, neither the USSR nor the USA
were able to achieve their goals in Afghanistan. Socialism is not
built, Bin Laden was not caught, al-Qaeda was not destroyed, democracy was not
spread it, it turns out they only lost people in vain.
— On the other side, loss figures are largely
are not comparable, which gives many experts reason to talk about obvious
NATO's successes and advantages. During the 1980s, the number of deaths in Afghanistan
or more than 15 thousand Soviet military personnel died, more than 53 thousand were
wounded and 417 missing. At the same time, the troops of the international
The coalition has lost 6,900 troops to date and more than 12,500 have been
wounded.
In this case, NATO functionaries and analysts, in the absence of real
successes have to be content with little: they are not proud of what
brought peace to Afghanistan, but because they lost fewer soldiers than the USSR.
Allegedly, this clearly proves the effectiveness of the North Atlantic
Alliance. But the difference in losses naturally has an explanation.

How can one explain the difference in troop losses in the “Afghan wars” of the USSR and the USA?

As explained by Rasul Zhalalov, representative of the community of traders and investors in the USA and Canada, Masterforex-V Academy:
Soviet troops regularly or on your own
carried out large military operations, or entrusted them to local allies,
strictly controlling execution. In any case, military activity in
The 1980s was much higher than in the 2000s. Limited contingent up to
in recent days I have been trying to carry out important strategic tasks, for example,
close the border with Pakistan, clear the Afghan rebels
Pandshir Gorge.
NATO soldiers for the most part
profess defensive tactics, they control only the capital of the country,
conditionally some large cities and communication routes (only about 10-11%
territory of Afghanistan, while the Soviet army actually held
own hands 30-35%).
Soviet soldiers often performed
tasks unusual for them: built, helped in economic activities
etc. There were a lot of restrictions on the use of weapons.
Twenty years later, the Americans and their allies,
professing the priority of the lives of our own military personnel, massively
they shoot to kill at the slightest danger, almost never go beyond
limits of their well-fortified bases and try to avoid combat
clashes until significant reinforcements arrive. In fact, now in
Afghanistan is fought only by aviation and reconnaissance, under such conditions there are losses
coalitions could be reduced to a minimum.
Soviet soldiers used local water,
As a result, the number of gastrointestinal diseases has steadily increased.
A significant part of the losses is explained precisely by this reason.
Americans and their allies They consume only products delivered by plane from their home countries. Even water is brought to them in plastic bottles.

Thus, it is quite difficult to judge whose actions in Afghanistan are more effective. It is, of course, possible to make forecasts, but they are also quite elusive. It is now quite obvious that
* coalition losses in Afghanistan will only increase (even today the average annual figure is comparable to the Soviet one);
* discontent in NATO countries will also increase significantly, then the troops
will be withdrawn, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan will again be engulfed by civil
war, and it will finally plunge into the Middle Ages.

Question: Will the US collapse “after Afghanistan” like the Soviet Union?. Of course not.
* The USSR did not collapse because of the Afghan war;
* Americans will think that they won in Afghanistan. US Residents
never forget the main thing: to look at the world exclusively in
in a positive way.

The editors of the Exchange Leader magazine and experts from the Academy of Forex and exchange trading Masterforex-V conduct : Why is the US still in Afghanistan? Possible answers:
* fight against terrorism
* drug trafficking control
* spreading its influence in Central Asia, limiting access there for China and Russia.

Source "Exchange Leader"

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Presentation on the topic: Afghan and Chechen wars

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In 1973, the Daud (Saur) revolution took place, overthrowing the monarchy in Afghanistan. The first president of Afghanistan was Mohammed Daoud Khan (cousin of the deposed king), who relied on the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan - PDPA. This party was formed in 1965 and adhered to a pro-communist orientation. In 1967, due to tactical differences, two wings took shape in it: “Khalys” (“People”), led by N.M. Taraki and "Parchan" ("Banner") led by B. Karmal, who received their names from the factional newspapers of the same name. The Afghan war lasted from December 25, 1979 to February 15, 1989, that is, 2,238 days. On December 25, 1979, at 7 o’clock in the morning, near the city of Termez, two pontoon-bridge regiments began to build a pontoon bridge

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At 15.00, the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan began in accordance with the order of the USSR Minister of Defense. The scouts were the first to cross, and then, under the leadership of General K. Kuzmin, the 108th Motorized Rifle Division. At the same time, military transport aviation began airlifting the main forces of the airborne division of a separate parachute regiment to the airfields of Kabul and Bagram. Until the last minute, the paratroopers were not privy to the plans of senior leadership. It took forty-seven hours to transfer personnel, during which 343 flights were made. 7,700 paratroopers and 894 units of military equipment were delivered to Kabul and Bagram. On December 27, the 103rd Airborne Division took control of the building of the PDPA Central Committee, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Communications and other important objects in the capital of Afghanistan. By the morning of December 28, units of the 108th Motorized Rifle Division concentrated northeast of Kabul.

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The military operation to introduce Soviet troops into Afghanistan can be divided into two stages: 1) December 27-28, 2) December 29-31, 1979. At the first stage, on December 27, the Dar-ul-Aman palace, Kabul radio and other important objects were stormed. The second stage was to cross the state border and march along the routes Termez - Kabul - Ghazni and Kushka - Herat - Kandahar, to encircle the most important administrative centers of the country. Carrying out this task, the first motorized rifle division (12 thousand people) moved in the direction of Kushka - Kandahar, and other forces through Termez, the Salang pass - to Bagram and Kabul. Part of the Soviet troops from Kabul headed to Gardes.

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Before January 1, 1980, 50 thousand military personnel were introduced, including two airborne and two motorized rifle divisions. In January 1980, two more motorized rifle divisions entered Afghanistan, and the total number of Soviet troops reached 80 thousand people. During the first half of 1980, the Soviet military contingent continued to strengthen, especially with four combat aviation regiments, three helicopter regiments, and various independent brigades and regiments.

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Starting from the winter of 1980/81, the opposition intensified sabotage and terrorist activities. Instead of large formations of 500-1000 people, small detachments of 30-40 people and even smaller groups consisting of 2-3 terrorists began to operate. The objects of sabotage were industrial enterprises, transport, irrigation and energy structures. During these opposition actions, the Soviet military contingent, which was primarily used to carry out tasks to protect state and other DRA facilities, began to suffer noticeable losses. If in 1979 personnel losses amounted to 86 people, then in 1980 - 1484, in 1981 - 1298, in 1982 - 1948, in 1983 - 1446, in 1984 - 2343, in 1985 - 1868, in 1986 -1333, 1987 -1215, 1988 - 759, 1989 - 53 people

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Almost immediately after the introduction of Soviet troops, attempts were made to solve the “Afghan problem” politically. However, it was only in 1986 that the DRA leadership put forward a policy program for national reconciliation. This new course was directly influenced by the perestroika that began in the USSR and the new political thinking of the Soviet leadership led by M.S. Gorbachev in the field of foreign policy. The policy of national reconciliation included: negotiations with the armed opposition; creating conditions for the return of all refugees to their homeland; political and military amnesty for all Afghans who stopped fighting against the existing government, and even the formation of a coalition government. As a result of this new policy, new forces came to the leadership of the PDPA, and M. Najibullah became the General Secretary of the Central Committee in May 1986. On November 30, 1987, in accordance with the new constitution of Afghanistan, at a meeting of representatives of all segments of the population, Najibullah was elected president of the country.

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After this, the DRA government allowed the unhindered return to their homeland of all refugees, guaranteed the rights and freedoms of all DRA citizens who stopped the armed struggle, and by October 1989 signed agreements on the cessation of hostilities with 2/3 of all field commanders of the Afghan opposition. At the end of 1988 - beginning of 1989, meetings were held between representatives of the USSR and the Afghan opposition, as well as with representatives of the Pakistani and Iranian leadership and the former king of Afghanistan M. Zahir Shah about ending the war, restoring peace in the country and forming a coalition government. As part of these negotiations, the USSR confirmed that it would fully fulfill the obligations assumed in Geneva on April 14, 1988 for a political settlement of the situation around Afghanistan. By February 15, 1989, the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan was completed, which was monitored by UN observers

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The First Chechen War (Chechen conflict 1994-1996. First Chechen campaign, Restoration of constitutional order in the Republic of Chechnya) - military operations in Chechnya and some settlements in neighboring regions of the Russian North Caucasus in order to keep Chechnya within Russia. Often called the “first Chechen war,” although the conflict was officially called “measures to maintain constitutional order.” The conflict and the events preceding it were characterized by a large number of casualties among the population, military and law enforcement agencies, facts of genocide of the non-Chechen population in Chechnya were noted. Despite certain military successes of the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the results of this conflict were the defeat and withdrawal of federal troops, mass destruction and casualties, de -de facto independence of Chechnya before the second Chechen conflict and the wave of terror that swept across Russia

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Chechen conflict In September 1991, Dudayev’s people defeated the Supreme Council of the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in Grozny. Deputies were beaten and thrown out of windows, resulting in the death of City Council Chairman Vitaly Kutsenko. The Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, Ruslan Khasbulatov, then sent them a telegram “I was pleased to learn about the resignation of the Armed Forces of the Republic.” After the collapse of the USSR, Dzhokhar Dudayev announced the secession of Chechnya from the Russian Federation and the creation of the Republic of Ichkeria

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Since the summer of 1994, fighting has unfolded in Chechnya between government troops loyal to Dudayev and the forces of the opposition Provisional Council. For example, troops loyal to Dudayev carried out offensive operations in the Nadterechny and Urus-Martan regions controlled by opposition troops. They were accompanied by significant losses on both sides; tanks, artillery and mortars were used. In Urus-Martan alone in October 1994, the Dudayevites lost 27 people killed, according to the opposition. The operation was personally planned by the Chief of the Main Staff of the Armed Forces of the ChRI A. Maskhadov. The commander of the opposition detachment in Urus-Martan, B. Gantamirov, lost from 5 to 34 people killed, according to various sources. In Argun in September 1994, the detachment of the opposition field commander R. Labazanov lost 27 people killed. The opposition, in turn, carried out offensive actions in Grozny on September 12 and October 15, 1994, but retreated each time without achieving decisive success, although it did not suffer large losses. On November 26, the opposition unsuccessfully stormed Grozny for the third time.

The last war of the Soviet Army was started and ended in the very center of Asia - on the land of ancient Afghanistan. Herat, Bagram, Khost, Jalalabad, Kabul, Kandahar...
Until relatively recently, these names were very distant and at the same time close geographical points for us, who lived in the then Soviet Union.
Distant because these cities were in Afghanistan, close because our peers, friends, and relatives were there. Every time we heard these names, we worried about the fate of our guys who were there, across the “river” (Amu Darya - a river on the border between the USSR and Afghanistan).
They are remembered on February 15, when on this cold, windy day in 1989, the last Soviet soldier of a limited contingent of Soviet troops left Afghan soil.
It was a strange and drawn-out war, the victories and defeats of which the Soviet people knew little about. This war had its own characteristics.

I would like to remember the guys called up from the Chechen Republic to fulfill their international duty in Afghanistan. Events in Chechnya and the two wars that followed for a long time made the topic of participation of natives of the Chechen Republic in the Afghan war closed and almost forgotten.

According to available data from the chairman of the Chechen regional branch of the all-Russian public organization “Russian Union of Afghanistan Veterans”, Salamu Asuev, during the period of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, 2,441 natives of the then Chechen-Ingushetia completed military service. Of this number, 69 people died, having fulfilled their military duty to the end. Of these, 44 were Chechens, 24 Russians and one Ukrainian. Three more dead Chechens were drafted outside the republic.

Currently, in the database of the Chechen branch of the Union of Afghanistan Veterans, 670 people are members of the organization. It should be noted that during the entire ten-year Afghan war, not a single one of our fellow countrymen was captured, became a deserter, or went missing.

The military events in Chechnya made their own sad adjustments. Since Afghanistan, 170 people have died or died. Ten people are still listed as missing not in that distant country, but in their homeland, at home, during the period of hostilities.

Heroes of the Soviet Union from Chechnya

Until now, the only Hero of the Soviet Union from among the natives of the Chechen Republic was Georgy Demchenko, who was awarded this highest award posthumously. I didn’t know him, although we were both the same age and lived in Grozny just a few blocks from each other.

While fulfilling his international duty in Afghanistan, Senior Lieutenant Demchenko died in 1983. While carrying out a combat mission, he found himself surrounded by superior enemy forces and, covering the retreat of his comrades, so as not to be captured, Demchenko blew himself up with a grenade. He was 23 years old then. He was buried in the central city cemetery of Grozny.

24 years after his death, in April 2007, I was present at the exhumation of his remains. During military operations in Grozny, one of the artillery shells hit Demchenko’s grave directly, splitting the marble monument in two. The city administration brought the grave into proper shape and glued the monument together.

The exhumation occurred at the request of the Hero’s parents, who moved to Volgograd with the beginning of the Chechen war. The parents were elderly and for health reasons could not visit their son’s grave in Grozny.

They made a request to the President of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov, who complied with the wishes of Demchenko’s parents. On his instructions, all necessary measures were taken to exhume and transport the remains to the new burial site.

I especially remember that after so many years, on top of the zinc coffin, the cockade and flag from the paratrooper’s beret were completely untouched by corrosion.

Salamu Asuev, who was present at the funeral ceremony, said then that “the youth of the Chechen Republic was brought up by such a fellow countryman as Georgy Demchenko.”

Chechen veterans of Afghanistan expressed regret that one of their comrades, many years after death, is leaving his homeland. However, according to them, "the wishes of his parents for his former brothers in arms are sacred." Hero of the Soviet Union Georgy Demchenko was given military honors. After this, the funeral escort went to Volgograd.

Friends and fellow soldiers say that Suleiman Khachukaev should have become another Hero. He also saved an entire reconnaissance company at the cost of his life. Not allowed. He was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin, which was usually awarded along with the Golden Star.

A year after Hero of the Soviet Union Demchenko found his final resting place on Volgograd soil, it suddenly became known that among the natives of our republic there was another Hero of the Soviet Union. It turned out to be the living Ruslan Zaipulaev.

Zaipulaev was awarded the highest award of military glory back in 1990 for the courage and heroism shown in the performance of military duty during the military operations in Afghanistan. As you know, a year later the USSR as a great country ceased to exist, and the award was lost. Perhaps it was deliberately lost due to the well-known political events that began in the Chechen Republic in 1991. Only 18 years later, the award found the hero. In 2008, Ruslan was awarded the Golden Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union - one of the last Soviet military awards.

The Brotherhood of War

Afghanistan became a place where the concept of nationality was completely absent. When a soldier donated his blood to a seriously wounded man, he did not ask what nationality or religion he was.

There were other values: brotherhood, friendship, mutual assistance, providing assistance from a seemingly hopeless situation.
I clearly remember the story of my relative Khusein Tsamaraev, who went through Afghanistan. He was a tanker, and his fellow countryman named Imran served in the air assault brigade. In one of the few meetings he told Hussein a story that I cannot forget.

By order of the command, Imran and a group of paratroopers went deep into the rear of the territory controlled by the Afghan Mujahideen. The goal of the dangerous mission was to destroy a large enemy transshipment base with a huge amount of ammunition.

At first everything went well. We reached the base location without any special incidents, set off a grandiose “fireworks display” and began to retreat without losses. Having woken up from such a daring attack, the “shuravi” (as the soldiers of the Soviet Army were called), the Mujahideen organized pursuit, regularly coming into combat contact with the paratroopers.

Despite their losses, the dushmans continued to stubbornly press. To independently retreat to their own and disperse their pursuers, the paratroopers decided to disperse in groups of five. Imran was appointed commander of the squad. His group made its way along the most difficult mountain route. Soon the first wounded appeared. Leaving became even more difficult. In a moment of despair, Imran decided to stay and cover the retreat of his comrades.

In a moment of respite, he announced his decision. In the ensuing silence, which seemed to last an eternity, but in fact some seconds, the voice of one of the fighters was heard. Everyone called him Sanka, probably because he looked too boyish. This was his first baptism of fire.

“Commander,” he said, “let me stay,” said Sanka. Imran was taken aback by such a request, as if it was something ordinary. “New guy, didn’t you hear the order? - It was said that everyone should leave!” - "Guys! You all have parents. But I don’t have anyone, I’m an orphanage. So, there’s no one to cry for me,” he said with a sad, somewhat apologetic smile. Despite the order, and then persuasion, Sanka remained there. Forever...Thanks to him, the remaining soldiers safely reached the location of their troops. I didn’t know this guy, but I remembered him, nineteen years old, forever.

Resident of the village Gekhi Ruslan Saraliev, at the age of eighteen, went straight to Afghanistan, having served as an anti-aircraft gunner for exactly two years of military service. He recalls how, after typhus, he ended up in the hospital and was offered a commission. When meeting with his fellow countrymen, he told them about this proposal. Along with him in his unit were six Chechens and four Ingush. His final decision was this: “I came here with you and, Allah willing, I will go home with you.”

There, in the hospital, he met another of his fellow countrymen, a resident of the village of Chishki, Said-Selim Eskiev. This was their first and last meeting. Eskiev served at a remote post near the village of Surabi near the Afghan-Pakistani border. When he had two months left until the end of his service, his squad went on a combat mission. When one of those walking in front heard a click under his feet, Eskiev, without hesitation, pushed him away and lay down on the mine himself, saving his comrades with his life.

Bilal Tatashov recalls how, after his service in Afghanistan, his younger brother Khalil was called up for military service there. Once, while accompanying a convoy, he ended up in the unit in which Bilal served and met his colleague Yusup-Khadzhi from the Gudermes region.

“We had a rule that when a Chechen resigned, he signed his name and handed over his belt to the Chechen who remained to serve. When I handed over my belt to Yusup-Hadji, there were already five names on it. After communicating with my brother, Yusup-Khadzhi gave him the same belt that I had given him at one time,” recalls Bilal Tatashov.

It should be noted that just five years later, already during the fighting in the Chechen Republic, the military brotherhood turned out to be stronger than political prejudices. It is known that some of the Chechen “Afghans” were part of illegal armed groups during the fighting on the territory of the Chechen Republic. However, this did not prevent them from maintaining contacts with “Afghans” from Russian regions, who made requests to search for missing soldiers, as well as military personnel who were in captivity.

Military brotherhood turned out to be stronger than political prejudices. It is known that some of the Chechen “Afghans” were part of illegal armed groups during the fighting on the territory of the Chechen Republic. However, this did not prevent them from entering into contacts with “Afghans” from regions of Russia, who made requests to search for missing soldiers, as well as military personnel who were in captivity.

For example, veterans of the war in Afghanistan, with the help of their Chechen combat friends, assisted in the release of Major Morozov and his group of 50 people from captivity.

And here is how Major Morozov, commander of the 22nd Brigade Special Forces detachment of the GRU, captured by militants on January 8, 1995 in the mountains near the village of Komsomolskoye, recalls his meeting with the Chechen “Afghans” in the magazine “Brother” - January 2010: “In the first days of me interrogated by the chief of intelligence and the chief of counterintelligence of the Shali region. Both are former military men and served in Afghanistan.

It's getting dark. We are sitting in a cell. They come in: “Morozov, let’s go.” Well, I think it's starting. We leave the building of the State Security Department of the Shalinsky district, there used to be police there. They told me so quietly: “Just behave calmly, don’t twitch.” And we look almost the same. Everyone is wearing camouflage and black knitted hats. In just a few days I've already grown up.

We leave, cross the square and go into a cafe. We sit down at the table. They said something, and soon a bottle of vodka, pickles and some other snacks appeared on the table. They pour it and say: “Well, bro, let’s get to the meeting.” Like, “Afghan” brothers, etc. Then they say: “You know, we haven’t decided yet what to do with your detachment. But if it comes down to killing you, then you know that no hand will be raised against you. There’s a Zhiguli car standing there, let’s take you to Khasavyurt now, and everything will be fine with you. And then we’ll decide with the squad. I refused such an offer." As you know, the entire detachment returned home safely. This is the story about former brothers in arms who, by the will of fate, found themselves on opposite sides of the “barricades”.

With the help of Chechen "Afghans" in the summer of 1998, two more conscripts were released.
We must pay tribute to the young people of that time - our fellow countrymen, who walked the roads and gorges of Afghanistan with honor.

In total, 293 Chechens were awarded state awards. Military awards of our fellow countrymen, of which 1 person was awarded the Order of Lenin (posthumously), the Battle Red Banner 2 people (1 posthumously), two Orders of the Red Star - 2 people, the Order of the Red Star - 77 people (38 posthumously), the medal "For Courage" " - 109 and the medal "For Military Merit" - 84 people.

Document-certificate about losses in Afghanistan

A total of 13,833 people were killed or died from wounds and illnesses, including 1,979 officers.
A total of 49,985 people were wounded, including 7,132 officers.
6,669 people became disabled.
There are 330 people on the wanted list.
200 thousand people were awarded orders and medals of the USSR, of which 76 became Heroes of the Soviet Union. A total of 5,462,555 people passed through Afghanistan.
(Data from the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces, 1989)
Publicity. - 1991. - N 29.
* * *
According to updated data, the following people died in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989:
Russians - 6888
Ukrainians - 2378
Belarusians - 613
Uzbeks - 1086
Tatars - 442
Kazakhs - 362
Turkmens - 263
Tajiks - 236
Azerbaijanis - 195
Moldovans - 194
Kyrgyz - 102
Bashkirs - 98
Armenians – 95
Georgians - 81
Mordovians - 66
Lithuanians - 57
Mari - 49
Chechens - 47
Ossetians - 30
Kabardians - 25
Latvians - 23
Kalmyks - 22
Udmurts – 22
Komi - 16
Estonians - 15
Ingush - 12
Balkars - 9
Jews - 7
Abkhazians - 6
Karelians - 6
Karakalpaks - 5
Tuvans - 4
Buryats - 4
Yakuts - 1
other peoples and nationalities - 168
people of Dagestan - 101

Chechens occupy 18th place in the martyrology among representatives of 67 nationalities of the Soviet Union who took part in the Afghan war. Most of them were under twenty years old. War is a matter for the young, a medicine against wrinkles.

Chechen fighters unexpectedly became famous in the field of struggle against the West. This happened on the Afghan front. In terms of their fighting qualities, they surpassed the local dushmans and Arab mercenaries. Military experts from NATO countries openly admitted this. In particular, the Canadian newspaper “The National Post” writes: “The most persistent enemies of the Canadian military in Afghanistan are people from Chechnya.” Her words are confirmed by the soldiers of the 22nd Canadian regiment “Van Doos”. According to them, the toughest resistance in Afghanistan to them It is not the Taliban who are exerting themselves, but Chechen militants: “In terms of their fighting qualities, these are the best opponents of those whom we have encountered before.”

It is worth noting that this regiment is conducting combat operations in the Panjwai and Zakhri regions. However, it would be a mistake to think that natives of Chechnya were noted only in these areas. It is very simple to determine the “geography” of the Chechen presence on Afghan soil: where the fiercest battles are taking place, that’s where the natives of Grozny and Vedeno made their mark. Traditionally, one of the most problematic provinces since Soviet times are the provinces of Kandahar and Helmand. Western forces have never been able to take full control of these areas. Or rather, they control only large populated areas where NATO troops are stationed, and even then only during the day. At night, in the same unruly Kandahar, Islamists reign.

NATO experts see the reason for the deterioration of the situation in Afghanistan, which some have almost written down as a “Western colony,” in the increased attention to this country from Al-Qaeda. According to Brigadier General Mark Haynes, the commander of the Canadian military contingent in Afghanistan and at the same time the deputy commander of NATO forces in the southern sector, foreign fighters are increasingly complicating the situation.

And although Europe and the United States verbally act as such champions of democracy, in reality the situation is different. And a clear confirmation of this is, in fact, the information vacuum created in Afghanistan by their hands. However, sometimes the veil of secrecy is pierced by the news of massive bombings by NATO aircraft of a particular area, or that major military clashes have occurred in a particular area. In addition, the increased activity of local resistance is evidenced by the fact that recently cases of helicopter crashes from coalition countries have become more frequent there.

Warriors from the North Atlantic Alliance mistakenly see one of the reasons for this escalation, unexpected for the West, in the decline in the authority of the Taliban among the Afghan population. In their opinion, Afghans are already tired of war and, first of all, want peace. And supposedly for this reason they began to recruit foreigners into their ranks, including Chechens, who give them heat. However, this explanation does not stand up to criticism. It is worth saying that the Taliban were and remain popular in the places where they come from. Mainly, these are areas of traditional residence of Pashtuns bordering Pakistan. At the same time, in the northern regions, where Uzbeks and Tajiks live, the Taliban have never had much influence. And this situation has changed little over the past decade.

Be that as it may, the reason for the increasing “relative weight” of foreigners among Afghans is different. In his commentary to NewsInfo, the editor-in-chief of the Ministry of Defense magazine Orientir, an expert in the field of anti-terrorism, Colonel Mikhail Boltunov, noted: “One should not be surprised that there are many foreign volunteers among the Taliban. In Afghanistan, this will not surprise anyone. As soon as the Soviet troops set foot in 1979 on Afghan soil, as we immediately encountered these foreign mujahideen. Who was there? Arabs from almost all countries of the world, Pakistanis, Persians. In general, you can’t count them all. When the Americans came to Afghanistan, they faced the same thing , if you remember who is still sitting in Guantanamo."

Thus, foreign mujahideen have already developed the tradition of a “jihad tour to Kabul” and are going there along a well-worn path. The thing is that after the fall of the Najibullah regime in the internecine struggle, the Afghans lost many veterans of the war against the Soviet army and by the time the Western forces invaded they did not have time to properly prepare new fighters. And therefore, according to NATO experts, the level of training of the Mujahideen, whom the Taliban manages to recruit from the local population, is very low. Therefore, they strive to obtain more “educated personnel” at any cost. The Chechens, veterans of the last two Caucasian wars, are the most attractive element in this situation. These are a kind of “universal soldiers” who are suitable not only for “direct” use in battle, but also as instructors.

However, the information about the “Chechen trace” is not so sensational. When NATO troops first entered Afghanistan, information immediately appeared that it was the natives of Chechnya who were offering the most fierce resistance to them.

It is worth noting that recently the number of terrorist activities on Chechen soil has sharply decreased. How can this situation be explained? Firstly, by the growing authority of Ramzan Kadyrov in Chechnya itself, on the other hand, by the behavior of Moscow, which is pursuing a policy in the republic aimed at showing the Chechens that it is much more profitable for them in all respects to live in peace with the federal center. In other words, according to reviews from the Arabic-language media, which previously occupied a Russophobic policy, Russia, in a certain sense, was able to reverse the previous situation, when many in the Islamic world perceived it as an aggressor.

In recent years, our country, supporting Iran and a number of Arab countries and movements against Israel and the United States, has established itself as a defender of the Islamic world. And not only abroad, but also among many Caucasians. This was facilitated to a large extent by the recent mission of Chechen battalions and units of Russian engineering troops to Lebanon, where they were engaged in the restoration of bridges destroyed by Israeli aircraft. This became a real and loud PR campaign for Russia in Arab and Muslim countries.

Is that why Chechen militants transferred their activity to Afghanistan and Iraq? In other words, they attacked the West, which had recently defended them. Russia simply must use this situation to its advantage. Of course, militant sentiments among part of the population of the Caucasus were observed quite often. For example, after the victorious conclusion of the Caucasian War of 1817–64. Abrekism became one of the forms of their expression. However, tsarist Russia took advantage of such militant sentiments during the First World War, creating in 1915 the famous Wild (Native) Division from representatives of all Caucasian peoples, in varying proportions included in the Dagestan, Ingush, Kabardian, Tatar, Circassian and Chechen shelves.

Thus, the tsar placed great trust in the Caucasian peoples. Some of the advisers dissuaded him from this step, assuring him that such a part would immediately go over to the enemy’s side. However, the ideas of the pessimists were not heard. The tsar was forced to take this measure by the difficult situation at the front. However, Caucasian volunteers exceeded all expectations with their valor, heroism and patriotism. The experiment was so successful that in 1917 the division began to be deployed into a corps. And while in simple units there was widespread desertion under the influence of the defeatist agitation of the Bolsheviks, the “Natives” fully retained their combat effectiveness, as evidenced by their use by Kornilov during the August Uprising of 1917.

In such a situation, why not try to use a similar historical experience against the same West? It is worth noting that among a significant portion of Muslims living in Russia, US actions in Afghanistan and Iraq are perceived as personal grief and the murder of brothers in the Faith. So maybe we shouldn’t interfere, but should encourage the just desire on the part of many of them to protect their fellow believers? After all, such fighters secretly help Russia. After all, the more NATO gets bogged down in Afghanistan and Iraq, the less Brussels and Washington will put pressure on Moscow.

Dedicated

fellow countrymen - participants

Afghan and Chechen wars.

MBOU teacher

"Petropavlovskaya

high school"

Shelegina Yu.V.

2015 g

Hello dear guys, dear guests. Our meeting today is dedicated to the memory of the soldiers who died a brave death on the battlefields of the Afghan and Chechen wars. And also to remember the exploits of living participants in these wars.

Today at our meeting there are fellow countrymen - participants in the Afghan and Chechen wars.

1. Goldbeck S.

What do we care about life, if honor serves as payment?

The one who chops will force even dead hands

What do we care about death and torment? If there

For whom to accept even mortal torment

Those. Who, in a fierce battle, hasn’t wondered what’s worth?

The gods sometimes protect and protect with their sword

2. Loginova A.

the battle will end, and then only you will find time

The rain quietly lulls the tree

The titmouse sings loudly, calling out to its friend

The spring sun awakened the drops with a ray

Remember your fallen friends. And live. And don't cry about anything.

3. Gredasov D.

These wars have no history yet. It is not written. We know exactly that much about them. No matter how dangerous it is for us to know, so as not to see ourselves as we are. Thousands of witnesses. They want to be heard before they are thought to be like that, so they will be convenient and again someone needs them for something. They want to be needed by truth and memory.

4. Yastrebov S.

We called our meeting “Living Memory”. Precisely “Alive”, because those who fought in Afghanistan and Chechnya are alive. Alive, because the memory of the dead is sacredly preserved by their comrades in arms, their families, their loved ones. And the memory will live as long as we remember it, as long as we talk and sing.

Lyuba's song "Soldier" is playing

5. Mikhailov V.

February 15 is a special day for many, many people in our country.

For warriors, for mothers, sisters and brothers, wives. This is the day of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. Many years have passed since the end of that war, but even now the fires of wars are breaking out, where the presence of a Russian soldier is necessary.

And for participants in armed conflicts in Chechnya, this day became a day of remembrance.

6. Novosad V.

I don't know ah, why and who needs it,

Who sent them to death with an unshaking hand

Only so merciless, so evil and unnecessary

Released them to eternal rest

In memory of the fallen

Lighting up the extinguished candles

Let their dim light straighten them

All participants have tired shoulders

A generation that did not know war.

We accept your pain as our own

So that there is no more trouble

Today we light a candle.

Cool hand.

Let's honor the soldiers who died in these wars with a minute of silence.

The song "For that guy" is playing. M. Fradkin, R. Rozhdestvensky.

I. Kobzon “Memory”

7. Grebenshchikova N.

War is a terrible, cruel phenomenon. But as long as anger and hatred live on earth, there will also be wars that inflict wounds on people and take away sons from their lives.

Russian people are characterized by love for their land, they are characterized by the need to defend their Fatherland without sparing their lives.

8. Grebneva K.

The Russian people live in the belief that a true man and a son of the Fatherland are one and the same. Patriotism, love for the Motherland, devotion to it, the desire to protect it from enemies, through one’s deeds, to serve its interests - a great and necessary feeling, a sense of duty.

Star made of unpainted tin

Rising above us again

What do we have to lose except honor?

We have nothing left to lose

From fight to fight – not long

Not short, just not backwards

What do we have to lose besides debt?

We have nothing left to lose

Don't believe in a short song

An eternal song to match us

What do we have to lose?

Except death

We have nothing left to lose.

9. Yashkina A.

It's like I'm in an abyss, in the morning fog

I dive in without staying long

Chechnya is burning, Afghanistan is burning

How the Volga burned in 1943

And seconds fly into the past

There is no way back for them

So what if we didn't live long?

So what if we're 20 years old?

10. Zelenin A.

Day of Remembrance of Fallen Soldiers, Day of Honoring the Living

And of course, the day when our future warriors, looking up to their elders, prepare to become Defenders of the Fatherland.

11. Kozlov N.

Time moves forward sensitively

Blows over fields and forests.

Now it's our turn

To prove our worth ourselves.

And they march into terrible battles,

Straight into battle from the school door

My dear peers,

Knights without fear or reproach.

How much heart and soul do you need?

How much strength and courage is needed

To walk in the unknown wilderness

Through the forest, swamps and ravines!

12. Nazarov M.

New lights are being lit

Far from my usual home,

And they themselves don’t know what they are

Knights without fear or reproach.

You would have disappeared many times already,

If it weren't for fierce faith,

If it weren't for their hearts,

Their impulse and the power of their example.

Everything became clearer at dawn,

And the difficult road is easy,

Because they are still alive on earth today

Knights without fear or reproach.

13. Matveenko A.

Dear boys of the same age,

Knights without fear and reproach,

Do you love computers and books?

Sometimes you run away from class.

The sea beckons you with a magical dream.

You are always persistent and stubborn

And are you ready to sacrifice yourself

For the sake of a girl - a beautiful sweet lady.

14. Shvetsova A.

And your swords are always in place,

The knight's armor fits you.

Your loyalty and courage are with you

And your victories and successes.

We wish you adventures not from a book,

So that you are always together on the road,

Dear boys of the same age,

Knights of courage, friendship, honor!

(students present greeting cards to the guests present)

WE continue our meeting with a quiz in which 2 teams of boys participate, which we ask our guests to join. And our girls will be the jury today.

1. Warm up.

Questions are asked to the teams one by one, for each correct answer - 1 point.

1.What do trees and a rifle have in common? (trunk)

2. Why are spear and shield inseparable friends and enemies? (they are always together, the shield protects, the spear strikes)

3. Whose words are these: “It’s hard to learn, but it’s easy to fight”? (Suvorov)

4. Whose words are these: “Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword”? (Nevsky)

5. What is the name of a teenager who studies maritime affairs? (cabin boy)

6. What are the names of shoulder insignia in the Russian army and navy? (epaulettes, epaulettes)

2. Competition “Encryption”.

Teams are given cards with words. Teams are asked to explain the meaning of these words. (1 point for each correct explanation)

Card 1: “Katyusha”, infantry

Card 2: reconnaissance, “son of the regiment.”

3. competition - combat vehicles

Name the combat vehicles of the Great Patriotic War.

Name modern combat vehicles

4. Governor competition.

Teams receive cards with a math task. It is necessary to solve the proposed problem. Time to solve – 1 minute. For the correct answer 5 points.

Card for 1 team:

Vasily Tsarevich grabbed the bush and pulled it out by the roots. Under that bush lies all the harness for the heroic horse: a 30 kg bridle, a 25 kg saddle and a war club weighing one and a half pounds. How many kilograms did the entire heroic harness weigh? (30+25+16x1.5=79 kg)

Card for 2 teams:

Vasily Tsarevich grabbed the bush and pulled it out by the roots. Under that bush lies all the harness for the heroic horse: a 25 kg bridle, a 40 kg saddle and a war club weighing one and a half pounds. How many kilograms did the entire heroic harness weigh? (25+40+16x1.5=89 kg)

5. continue the proverb(teams are given a part of the proverb one by one, the team’s task is to continue it immediately. 1 point for the correct answer)

Difficult to learn -easy in battle.
- Discipline - mother of order..
- Bullet is a fool, bayonet - well done.
- Fight not with numbers, butskill..
- Skilled fighter - everywhereWell done..
- Cabbage soup and porridge - our food
- The bad soldier is the one whodoes not dream of becoming a general.
- Alone in the field - not a warrior.

6. historical tour.(a question is asked, the first team to raise its hand answers, in case of an incorrect answer, the right to answer passes to the other team)

Question options
1. What was the name of the ancient protective device of the Russian warrior, consisting of iron rings?
(Chainmail.)
2. The birthplace of gunpowder. (China.)

3. Everyone knows the words of this great Russian commander: “Russia is not lost with the loss of Moscow.” Say his name.
(Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov.)
4. A monument was erected to this literary hero - a soldier of the Great Patriotic War - in the homeland of his author - in Smolensk. Name this hero and his author.
(Vasily Terkin and Alexander Tvardovsky.)
5. What types of troops make up modern ground forces?
(Air defense, tank, missile and artillery, fire, chemical, automobile, motorized rifle, military construction, signal troops.)
6. Highest military rank. They were awarded A.A.V. Suvorov, I.V. Stalin.
(Generalissimo.)

7. What is the name of the largest cannon from which not a single shot was fired?
(Tsar Cannon.)
8. Which of the Soviet small arms designers created a new type of machine gun and automatic machine guns?
(Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov.)
9. Which of the outstanding Russian commanders said:
“Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword. On that the Russian land stood and will stand
(Alexander Nevskiy.)
10. Pilot, major, Hero of the Soviet Union. She shot down the aircraft on enemy territory, and for 18 days he crawled his way to the front line. After amputation of both legs, at his personal request, he was sent to a fighter aviation regiment, where he shot down seven more enemy aircraft in air battles. Say the name of this person.
(Alexey Petrovich Maresyev.)

11. Name a famous Soviet commander who made an outstanding contribution to the victory over the fascist invaders. -
(Marshal Zhukov.)
12. Founder of the Russian fleet. On his seal, this military leader and statesman carved the words: “I am a student and I need students.” Say the name of this student.
(Peter I.)

The jury tallies the results and announces the winning team.

Classroom teacher: We thank our guests for participating in our holiday and once again congratulate you on the upcoming holiday, Defender of the Fatherland Day.

1 team

2nd team

1 competition: warm-up

Competition 2: encryption

Competition 3: combat vehicles

4 competition: governors

Competition 5: continue the proverb

6th competition: historical round