Types of rivet heads. Blind rivets for metal: description and properties

In this article, we will analyze fasteners such as rivets in accessible language. There are a wide variety of different types of rivets. Main groups: exhaust, threaded, driven. Each group of rivets has its own types. After reading the Aktitrade materials, you will easily navigate all the options and know how to choose the right rivets. As a bonus, we provide useful tips on using the product.

Rivets are a fastening element that is used in permanent connections. They are made in various designs: from a single material (steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, brass) or combined (stainless steel and aluminum compounds). The combination blind rivet is one of the most popular types of blind rivets, suitable for most connections. Let's take a closer look at each type.

Types of rivets

They are divided into groups, each of which has different types of rivets.

1. Blind rivets

Designed for joining metal sheet materials. They consist of a body with a side and a rod with an expanding head.

Blind rivets (traction) DIN 7337- This is a universal and most common type of rivet. To install it, as well as for other rivets of this group, it is enough to have access only from one side of the surfaces being connected.

Blind rivet (closed)- used when tightness of the connection is required. That is, when using it there is no through hole. With the help of such rivets, a connection is obtained that prevents its internal cavities from entering dust, moisture and other contaminants, and is also resistant to vibration. This type of rivet is widely used in the production of refrigerators, insulated vans, railway cars, electrical equipment housings, ventilation and air conditioning systems, etc.

Reinforced blind rivets (monobolt)- used to obtain a reliable and particularly durable, waterproof connection that is resistant to shear forces and vibrations. Using this type of rivet, it is possible to connect several layers of material. They are used in the production of cargo containers, racks, cable car cabin fastenings, bodies and others.

Special blind rivets- include several varieties:

Extended blind rivet allows you to create a strong connection between materials of large thickness.

Multi-clamp blind rivet- designed for fastening thin surfaces that are not thick enough to create threads in them, for example, products made of tin or metal. One such rivet covers an area of ​​7 mm and replaces approximately 3 sizes of standard rivets. It is used for the production of doors and windows, stairs, ventilation systems and other areas.

Rivet, corrugated- used for installation in blind holes. During installation, the shaft is pulled out, the body of the rivet expands in the hole, and the notches are firmly cut into the material. Due to the presence of corrugations on the body, the connections are able to withstand significant loads. This type of rivet is widely used in the production of furniture and plywood products.

Flap rivet- used for fastening soft materials, such as plastic, chipboard and others. As the rod is pulled out, the body of the rivet opens like the petals of a flower. The petals, in turn, bend and cut into the surface of the material being joined, forming a head. It is used in the production of fences made of polymer materials, structures made of sandwich panels, etc.

Double-sided blind rivet consists of two parts: a standard blind rivet, which, during installation, is inserted into a semi-hollow head and pulled out. Both parts are equipped with wide sides and ensure uniform distribution of pressing force over the surface. This type of rivet is used for fastening stadium seats, cable antennas, elements of playgrounds, furniture shelves, etc.

Rivet terminal (single terminal/double terminal)- designed for grounding metal structures. Does not spoil the appearance of treated and painted surfaces. The terminals available at the rivet are intended for connecting grounding conductors to them.

Support blind rivet, conical and cylindrical- installed in the same way as standard rivets, providing a vibration-resistant connection. The specific shape of the rivet body allows them to be used in the production of window systems, electrical cabinets, and is also widely used in the automotive industry.

industry for fastening auto parts moldings and clips.

Blind rivets can be made:

With a standard side - after application, the rivet head protrudes slightly above the surface of the material;

With a hidden side - used when it is necessary to obtain a smooth surface;

With an increased side - used in connection with materials that are significantly inferior in strength to the rivet itself. The enlarged side, in turn, provides a larger load area and less pressure.

Any type of blind rivets can be painted according to the RAL scale. The color palette of the scale is quite wide. Painted rivets have high corrosion resistance and are resistant to various temperatures. They are used in mechanical engineering, instrument making, frame assembly, and are especially widely used in construction.

An important material for installing rivets

are special bushings. Designed for use when installing blind rivets in materials subject to deformation. The sleeve prevents pressure on the external material being connected by rivets. Widely used in construction work when working with facade slabs.

2. Threaded rivets

They also have names - screw rivets or rivet nuts. There are:

Cylindrical rivets- There are several types: closed and open. Closed type cylindrical threaded rivets (cylindrical sleeve) are intended for joining sheet materials of metal and plastic with a thickness of 0.5 mm or more. Used in cases where a hermetic connection is required.

Open type cylindrical rivets have a smooth outer surface and a through threaded hole. They are used to create metric threads where it is impossible to cut them on the product itself. Made from steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, brass.

Cylindrical rivets with notches (corrugated)- are a bushing with notches and a standard, reduced, enlarged and hidden side. Designed for forming threads in hard thin-sheet materials where thread cutting is not possible. Thanks to their regular cylindrical shape, they can be used in any round holes, and the notches on the outer surface rest against the edges of the hole and protect against twisting even under intense loads on the joints.

The hidden side requires additional countersinking of the hole.

Made from steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, copper. More detailed information about the dimensions and other technical characteristics of rivets can be found on the page

Hex rivets- distinguish between closed and open types. They are securely locked in the hole, without the possibility of scrolling even under significant loads. Closed type rivets are a blind hexagonal sleeve, while open type rivets have a hexagonal shape on the outside and a standard metric thread on the inside.

Used for fastening thin sheets of metal or plastic, with a thickness of 0.5 mm.

Half hex rivets- have edges only in the installation part of the body. Internal threads are designed for subsequent fastening of screws, bolts or studs. They are used when there is no possibility of a reliable connection without an additional fastening element. Due to the presence of edges, the fastening will be three times more resistant to rotation compared to a smooth rivet, and two times more resistant than a corrugated one.

Threaded flap rivets- used for installation in soft and loose materials (for example, chipboard). It has slots on the body, due to which, when stretched, it opens and presses the work surface like petals.

3. Driven rivets

Also called hammer rivets. All of them comply with the International Standard ISO 1051.

Driven rivet DIN 660 GOST 10299-80- used for fastening metal elements and structures. Used in mechanical engineering and aircraft manufacturing,

manufacturing factories. This type of rivet has the form of a solid rod with a semicircular head. The diameter of the rod has a range of 1-36 mm, and its length is 2-180 mm.

Driven rivet DIN 661 GOST 10300-80- presented in the form of a solid rod with a cone-shaped countersunk head. Designed for fastening solid materials to various types of structures, as well as for connecting two steel sheets. Finds wide application in construction. The diameter of the rod of this type of rivet varies from 1 mm to 36 mm, and the length of the rod - from 2 mm to 180 mm.

Driven rivet DIN 662 GOST 10301-80- is a full-bodied rod with a reduced semicircular (semi-secret) head. Used in shipbuilding, bridge construction, aviation, etc. The rivet dimensions are similar to DIN 660 and DIN 661.

How to choose (select) rivets

Before purchasing rivets, you need to decide what kind of connection should be obtained as a result of the work, and what breaking force it should have. Then select the material from which the rivet should be made and determine its diameter. Another important characteristic is the range within which the rivet will provide a reliable connection. To do this, you should first measure the total thickness of the surfaces to be joined.

How to install a rivet

Rivets are installed using a special tool - a riveter. It is easy to use and provides a secure connection without much effort. They differ in the type of drive of the working element - mechanical and pneumatic.

In the modern world, special attachments that work with any drilling tool (drill, screwdriver, hammer drill) with a reverse function are becoming increasingly common. The attachment has a hex shank that is clamped into the tool chuck in a similar way to a drill bit.

To install a rivet, you need to insert it into the tool chuck and then into a pre-prepared hole. The diameter of the hole should be 0.1-0.3 mm larger than the rivet itself. When pressure is applied to the tool lever, the rod is separated from the rivet itself. During fastening, it is necessary to strictly observe the 90º angle, otherwise, there will be no tight fit of the side to the surface, which will subsequently lead to unreliable connection. It is also important to tightly compress the surfaces being connected to each other during fastening, and leave it in this state until the rivet is installed.

Helpful Tips:

If you need to connect thin to thicker material, it is better to install from the thin side so that the head is formed from the side of the thicker (stronger) material. If this fastening option is not possible, it is advisable to place a washer of a suitable diameter on the side of the thin part - this will prevent its possible deformation.

Expansion, plastic and leaf rivets are most suitable for joining fragile materials and plastic parts.

To obtain a strong connection, it is required that the distance from the rivet axis to the edge of the surface being connected should not be less than two rivet diameters.

How to remove a rivet

It is possible to dismantle (unrivet) the rivet using a conventional drill/screwdriver. First you need to select a drill whose diameter will be 1-2 mm larger than the estimated diameter of the rivet. Then you can start drilling out the rivet. If the rivet starts to rotate, you just need to slightly change the angle of direction of the drill relative to the plane, i.e. drill not at a right angle, but at a sharp one. In this case, even if the rivet rotates, it will still be cut off by the drill due to the speed difference. Aluminum rivets are easy to drill out; steel ones will take a little more time to dismantle. Do not apply too much force to avoid damage to the working surface, and also do not allow the rivet to heat up if it is on a plastic surface.

Before you begin the process of dismantling rivets, you need to take care of personal protective equipment. Safety glasses will be required, and dielectric gloves will also come in handy.

The scope of application of blind rivet technology knows no boundaries. For example, rivets are used to fasten soft and brittle materials, to create airtight connections, to create particularly strong connections, etc. Whether you're in aircraft manufacturing, furniture making, boat repair, HVAC installation or construction, there are rivets that can help you reduce costs, simplify your work and increase reliability. Of course, such different tasks require completely different blind rivets, with different structures and characteristics. Let's look at the main types of rivets and their areas of application.

Open type blind rivets

These are standard rivets. The body of the rivet has a through hole, which resembles hollow rivets. However, unlike hollow rivets, upon completion of installation the head of the rod remains in the body of the rivet, as part of the return head. As a rule, they are used where there are no exceptional requirements for joint strength, where the thickness of the materials being joined varies, and the diameter of the holes has slight deviations. This is the most common and most in demand type of rivets.

Closed blind rivets

This type of rivet is used to create moisture-proof connections. The absence of a through hole in the body of the rivet allows, during installation, to form a reverse head that “seals” the hole. Therefore, this type of rivet is also called “closed rivet”. A dust- and moisture-proof connection prevents dust, moisture and fumes from entering the connection, and when using special rivets and gaskets, a completely sealed connection can be obtained. In addition, closed rivets increase the tensile strength of the joint by approximately 20%.

Reinforced blind rivets (structural rivets or monobolt) are used to create connections with increased tensile strength. The shear and tensile force values ​​of reinforced rivets are much higher than those of standard rivets, which allows them to be used to create high-strength connections. The reverse head formed when installing a reinforced rivet firmly fixes the parts, creating a strong, vibration-free connection. Reinforced, or as it is also called, structural rivets are widely used in construction, mechanical engineering and other industries where it is important to create a strong, vibration-resistant connection.

This type of rivet is used to join soft, loose and brittle materials. When installed, the return head is formed in an unusual way - it folds, distributing the load over a large area of ​​the return surface of the materials being joined. This prevents the return head from “sinking” through soft or loose material and prevents cracks and damage on more fragile surfaces.

This type of rivets is used to join soft materials such as wood boards, plastic, chipboard, fiberboard, etc. When installed, the tear-off rod opens the body of the rivet into several petals. When bent, the petals rest against the surface of the material being joined, forming a reverse head. This shape of the reverse head provides a large contact area and promotes uniform load distribution. The reverse head does not fall through and holds soft and loose material firmly enough.

This type of rivet does not require drilling a through hole and is used for fastening plates to materials with a smooth and fibrous structure, such as wood and plastic. Unlike conventional blind rivets, when installing a grooved rivet, no reverse head is formed. When pulled, the tear rod expands the body of the rivet, causing the notches on the body of the rivet to dig into the fibrous material. Expansion rivets are widely used in furniture production, as well as in construction for fastening metal plates to wooden surfaces.

Multi-clamp rivets

Multi-clamp rivets are blind rivets with a wide range of thicknesses for joining materials. Rivets are designed in such a way that they are able to connect materials of different thicknesses. The multi-clamp rivet covers the range of three standard blind rivets and can be used where there is no precise information about the thickness of the package of materials being joined, or where the assembled assembly consists of several connections of different thicknesses.

This type of rivet is used to create contact connections where an electrical circuit must be connected to the parts being connected. Terminal rivets are made of materials that conduct electric current and, as the name suggests, have one or more terminals. Most often, this type of rivet is used to ground the assembled assembly.

Even though these blind rivets are made of polyamide, they create a fairly strong connection. Plastic rivets are not much different from ordinary blind rivets. At the same time, a connection using plastic rivets has a number of advantages - this connection is moisture-proof, it reduces the likelihood of corrosion (no galvanic couple is created) and it does not conduct electric current. Most commonly, these rivets are used to secure plastic, fiberglass, or cardboard to metal or other materials.

Cassette rivets

This is an independent type of rivets. The process of installing cassette rivets is practically no different from installing blind rivets with the difference that cassette rivets have one rod for the entire magazine (cassette) of rivets and this rod does not break off, but is pulled through the body of the rivet, securely installing it in the hole. This is a relatively new, but very promising type of rivet. The operator does not need to load each individual rivet into the tool; he loads a cassette (usually up to 40 rivets). After installing a rivet, the tool automatically prepares the next one for installation. This way the operator saves time and one of his hands is always free to fix the unit being connected.

Today, blind rivets are widely used to fasten two or more riveted materials. Quite quickly, blind rivets replaced riveted ones - due to the ease of installation in the presence of a special rivet tool (pneumatic riveter). They have found wide application in construction, shipbuilding and ship repair, mechanical engineering, in the creation of safety and life support equipment, in aircraft manufacturing, in the textile industry, etc. They provide a fairly strong connection, however, for fastenings that require an extremely strong connection, threaded rivets are used . How to classify the types of such fasteners, how to select the material and how to use it is described below.

1 Materials for production

Blind rivets are made from a wide range of materials. This allows the use of such fasteners in almost all types of work. In addition, the blind rivet itself can be painted in one color or another. Colored hardware is widely used in light industry (textile), where color matching is required.

The choice of rivet material depends on the material of the parts being fastened and the environment in which the fastener will be located. The materials for making rivets can be the following:

1. Aluminum. Pure metal and its variants are possible: anodized, varnished.
2. Cink Steel.
3. Stainless steels. A2 - resistant to rust, A4 - resistant to corrosion and acidic environments (widely used in the chemical industry). Or imported analogues, for example, DIN 7337. Stainless steel is one of the most common and durable materials.
4. Copper.
5. Copper-nickel alloy (Monel). Contains 70% nickel, 30% copper.
6. Polyamide A relatively fragile material, it is used in the production of clothing and various textile products.

All materials from which fasteners are made are regulated by GOST.

When selecting materials, it is extremely necessary to carefully select the materials of hardware with the materials being fastened - due to the fact that the fastening can be destroyed. The destruction of fasteners occurs due to the formation of a galvanic pair between hardware and part. When the environment is humid or wet, current begins to flow through the galvanic pair, which destroys the fastening.

For example, when aluminum and steel come into contact, very rapid oxidation of aluminum occurs and, as a result, destruction. Therefore, for fastening steel parts, it is better to use stainless steel rivets A2, A4 or DIN 7337. Steel rivets are recommended for use most often because they have very high strength. But galvanized steel rivets are less common. The reason is that the zinc coating wears out quite quickly, especially if one of the fixed elements is movable. Copper and copper alloy rivets are the most versatile hardware. Copper only conflicts with aluminum, and fasteners with other metals are safe to make. The main disadvantages of copper are its high price and unattractive color after oxidation (some time after fastening, a green coating may appear - oxidized copper), although this does not affect the strength of the connection. Polyamide is the most versatile material. Such a rivet will allow you to connect anything, but this connection cannot boast of particular strength.

When ordering rivets, it is very important to indicate the material in the specifications, and to do this in detail if there are several types of alloy (for example, when ordering an aluminum rivet, indicate the alloy AlMg2.5 or AlMg3.5).

2 Design and design features

Exhaust hardware consists of a body and a rod. The body is usually referred to as the body, sleeve, sleeve or cylinder. It is the body that is the fastening element that performs the load-bearing function. The body consists of a head (side) and a flat hollow cylinder. For sealed hardware, the end of the cylinder is sealed tightly. According to the type of head (side), hardware is divided into hardware with a high side, with a wide side and a hidden side. The wide side, as well as the high one, ensures a strong riveted fastening. Such fasteners are visible from the side and form “bulges” on the surface of the part. The hidden edge provides an almost smooth surface at the attachment point, however, it is less reliable. The hidden side has a smooth flat surface and a thickness of about 1 mm; in this case, the main massive part of the head is inserted into the mounting hole.

The rivet cylinder can be of different lengths and thicknesses. It is the outer diameter of the cylinder that indicates the diameter of the hardware in the name when ordering. The dimensions of the cylinder are the most important among all other dimensions of hardware. It is the dimensions of the cylinder that are decisive when choosing rivets. The essence of fastening is that the fastening element must provide a movable/fixed connection of several parts or elements. The length of the cylinder is calculated by the formula: thickness of the riveted material1 + thickness of the riveted material2 + riveting thickness (indicated by the manufacturer) + 0.5-1 mm (for a movable connection). The diameter of the cylinder is taken equal to the required diameter of the holes for fasteners (usually the hole is 0.1-0.2 mm larger - for free installation of hardware into it).

The dimensions of the cylinder are indicated by two numbers separated by an “x”, where the first is the outer diameter, the second is the length.

For example, aluminum rivet AlMg2.5 4x10. This means that the type of alloy is indicated here, the number 4 is an indicator of the outer diameter in mm, 10 is the length in mm.

Kernel. Performs the riveting function. Typically made of steel, which is much stronger than the body. At the end of the rod there is a head that rivets the inserted end. During installation, the rod is pulled out with a special tool (pneumatic riveter) or, if there are few fasteners (1-3), ordinary pliers can be used. However, in the latter case you will have to apply decent physical force.

The main advantage of the design of blind rivets is that they allow one-way installation (access to the fastening is required only from one side), acting like anchors.

A more durable rivet - a threaded one - differs from a blind rivet by the presence of threads inside the cylinder. The cylinder of a threaded fastener has a screwed-in rod, which is not pulled out with force, but is unscrewed. To strengthen the connection, a screw or bolt is screwed inside. Thus, a conditionally “closed” fastener is obtained. Sometimes it is called a blind rivet.

After the dimensions and material for the rivets, as well as the type of side, have been determined, you should decide on their type.

3 What types of blind rivets are there?

Depending on what characteristics the fasteners should have, the type of fastener is selected. Currently, the industry produces the following types of hardware:

1. Combined. They are used to provide permanent connections of parts made of hard and especially hard materials, as well as for thin-sheet materials. The combined rivet is one of the most common in installation work. It provides a strong mount that can withstand heavy loads.
2. Sealed blind rivet. Sealed hardware is a highly specialized fastener that is most often used in shipbuilding. A design feature of such fasteners is a sealed end with a rod. Most often, such hardware is made of copper, however, for a number of civil ships and boats, aluminum can also be used, and for fastenings in industrial production, stainless steel can also be used.
3. Multi-clamp. Unlike other types, they have several (2 to 5) riveting sections. Such hardware is used to fasten 3 or more structural elements for a movable connection. Between every 2 elements there will be a riveted section. They can be installed using a special tool (for example, a blind rivet gun).
4. It is also worth highlighting the reinforced exhaust hardware. This is the same exhaust hood, only its cylinder has thicker walls. The most common type is aluminum reinforced rivet.

There are many more types of fasteners that differ in the length and shape of the rod, however, we will not focus on them, because they can be classified into one of the listed categories.

4 Installation of blind rivets

Usually, when you see blind rivets, the question of how to use such fasteners does not arise - the design of the fastener is simple and understandable.

During installation, it is important to have a special rivet tool, which significantly simplifies and speeds up the fastening process. Today, such tools are produced in fairly large quantities and models: pneumatic riveters, mechanical riveters. Or you can purchase an electric riveter. At worst, if you don’t have a tool, you can use pliers.

The installation process is as follows. A drill is used to drill a hole at the fastening point, the diameter of which is equal (0.1 mm less) to the diameter of the fastening element. The depth of the hole should be equal to the length of the cylinder minus the length of the riveting section. The fastening element is inserted into the hole with the rod towards itself, and then the rod is pulled out with a rivet tool. After which the elements are fastened.

As you can see, fastening parts with such hardware is quick and easy!

Blind rivets DIN 7337 are designed for reliable fastening of building parts and metal structures to each other; various types of connections and other fasteners are also used for this. One of these are rivets of different types. Blind rivets consist of two parts - the rivet body and the rod, designed for non-separable fixed fastening (fixed) and with a floating point (movable). They are used in places where there is no need to disassemble the structure in the future, since connections using blind rivets require less time than any other, such as bolted and glued connections. Blind rivets are produced automatically; there are practically no operations such as thread cutting, hardening, etc. In addition, blind rivets are the least susceptible to corrosion of all types of fasteners that can be used as an alternative replacement, including welded fasteners. These are not just characteristics, but also advantages that have contributed to the widespread use of such simple fasteners as a blind rivet.

Connection with blind rivets

The connection of two flat materials with each other, provided by a blind rivet, has a certain tensile and shear strength, provided that the basic points of the technology are observed. In addition to increasing strength, adherence to technology will provide savings on drills and reduce the time of installation or assembly work. Before installing the rivet, it is necessary to drill a hole in the material being fastened with a diameter corresponding to the size of the rivet, while ensuring an installation gap. The installation gap was established experimentally. In order to facilitate installation or in case of minor mismatch of parts, it is possible to make a hole of a larger diameter in the attached part than indicated in the calculation tables. An example of such fastening with a blind rivet is shown in the figure on the left. Now let's focus on the main dimensions that blind rivets have.

Dimensions of blind rivets DIN 7337

Rivets have several basic sizes, the variation of which determines their strength and application. It is almost impossible to understand without explanation what is written in our table below. So, let's begin:

• d m- this is the diameter of the rivet core;
• d- the nominal diameter of the rivet sleeve, which is the main size and is indicated in the designation of the rivets, 4x10 (here it is the number 4, measured in mm).
• dk- diameter of the side (sometimes there is a wide side - 11 and 14 mm);
• p- the length of the shank that is inserted into the tool;
• k- side height;
• l- length of the rivet (sleeve) - the second main size of the blind rivet, which is also measured in mm and is always included in the designation (4x10 - here the second digit).
• b- the depth of the rivet, including the part of the core that protrudes (except for closed or “blind” rivets).

The description and types of rivets are not limited to these dimensions. Rivets are made from various materials with different properties. There are plastic and corrosion-resistant materials, as well as duplex rivets, in which the core and sleeve are made of different materials, sometimes incompatible.

Designers and developers have different requirements for fasteners, some need a standard side, others a wide side, and others need rivets with a hidden side, which are necessary, for example, in aircraft construction. We list the main types of rivets, different in the shape of the side:

• blind rivets with standard flange
• blind rivets with wide flange (LF)
• blind rivets with hidden edge

Based on the structure and type of blind rivets, they are divided into the following types:

• open
• closed
• corrugated
• petal
• spacer
• multi-clamp
• reinforced

As you can see, we have a huge number of types of rivets, which is due to the difference in places and areas of application. Below is a table of standard sizes and requirements for blind rivets with standard and wide sides.

According to the ISO 14589 standard, the core must be pushed out in the sleeve with a force of at least 10N, about 1 kg. In the process of production control, ISO 3269 standards are used.

Mechanical properties for shearing and tearing are given in the description of sections of rivets made of specific materials (stainless steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, copper, etc.).

A rivet is one of the simplest types of fasteners for creating permanent connections. In the general case, this is a rod or tubular part that has a supporting “embedded” head of a certain shape at one end. It is installed in the connection, as the name suggests, by the riveting method (as well as shrinkage, rolling, broaching, explosion).

Based on their shape, rivets can be divided into several main types:

• Rivets with a closing head (there are solid, hollow and semi-hollow)
• Rivets with broaches (also called tear-off or pull-out rivets)
• Threaded rivets (also called riveting nuts)

Rivets with locking head

Historically, rivets with a closing head were the first to be invented - that is why they became most widespread. These rivets have a head on one side. The second head, called the closing head, is formed using a rolling or riveting tool: riveting hammer, pliers.

According to the shape of the head, rivets with a closing head are divided into:

• Rivets with semi-countersunk head

They also differ structurally by the presence of a hole inside the rivet:

• Solid rivets - no hole
• Hollow rivets - tubular - have a through hole
• Semi-hollow rivets - for flaring - have a blind hole

Materials for rivets

Rivets with a closing head can be made from a variety of metals and alloys that lend themselves well to plastic deformation.

The most widely used materials are:

• Steels - mainly ductile high-boiling steels are used 03kp, 05kp, 08kp, 10kp, 15kp, 20kp
• Stainless steels - austenitic steels 12Х18Н9, 08Х18Н10, 03Х18Н11, 12Х18Н10Т
• Aluminum alloys - the most applicable alloys HELL, AD1, aluminum-magnesium alloys AMg2, AMg5, AMg5P, AMg6, alloys AMts, V94, V65, also use duralumin alloys D1, D16, D16T, D18, D18P, D19P
• Brass alloys are basically an alloy L63
• Copper - grades MT, M3

Marking of rivets by materials

Rivets can be marked on the head for subsequent identification. The marking can be convex or concave (branding).

Determining the length of the rivet

Correct installation of the rivet involves creating the full shape of the closing head and the absence of any excess gaps or sagging. To install the rivet correctly, it is necessary to determine the length of the rivet body, which depends on the thickness of the materials being riveted and the type of rivet.

"Handbook of mechanical engineering designer" edited by Anuriev V.I. suggests using one universal formula for all rivet head shapes. Common sense suggests that this approach is erroneous - so we will use formulas from another source: “Fundamentals of Design”, edited by P.I. Orlov, 1988.

Rivet design	Allowance "H" for rivets without gap	Allowance "H" for rivets with a gap
	H=1.2d	H≈1.2d+0.1S
	H=0.54d	H≈0.5d+0.1S
	H=0.6d	H≈0.5d+0.1S
	H=0.8d	H≈0.7d+0.1S
	H=d	H≈0.9d+0.1S
	H=1.2d	H≈1.1d+0.1S

By calculating the required allowance size using the formula, you can determine the length of the rivet L , adding to the thickness of the materials being riveted S allowance value H . Then you need to select the closest rivet length from the standard range of lengths. A standard range of lengths has been approved for rivets, according to which they are produced (in mm):

• 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 55, 58, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180

Example of calculating the length of a rivet

For example, we need to rivet several sheets with a total thickness of 32 mm; We will rivet without gaps with rivets with a semicircular head Ø6 mm (1st design in the table).

d = 6 mm

S = 32 mm

H = 1.2d = 1.2 x 6 = 7.2 mm

Therefore, it is necessary to use a rivet with a shank length

L = S + H = 32 + 7.2 = 39.2 mm

We select the closest length from the standard range - this is 40 mm.

As a result, we found out that to rivet a package of sheets with a thickness of 32 mm, we need a rivet of size Ø6x40 mm.

Rivets with broach

Broached rivets are made hollow, with a head at one end; a movable expansion rod is inserted inside the rivet, which, when installed, is pulled through the rivet, expands it, forms a second closing head and tightens the sheets of material being fastened. After tightening, the rods break off or are pulled completely through the rivets.

Such rivets are often called tear-off or pull-rivets - according to the installation technology. Broached rivets have become more and more popular lately. This happens for several reasons:

• technological ease of installation of rivets;
• it is enough to have access to installation from only one side of the structure;
• no rivet support required on the reverse side;
• cheap and compact tool for installing rivets;
• high productivity when setting rivets
• variety of rivet types

Since tear-off rivets are hollow, after installation there remains a hole inside the rivet into which you can route wires or install other fasteners - for example, screws. The diameter of the normal head of such rivets is approximately equal to two diameters of the rivet D ≈ 2d . Along with a normal head, rivets can have an enlarged head with a diameter equal to three times the diameter of the rivet D ≈ 3d.

A special type of water- and gas-tight rivets with broaching is also produced - blind or sealed rivets, after installation of which the connection becomes airtight.

Installation of rivets with broaching is carried out using a special tool - a rivet gun - a riveter. We produce mechanical manual riveters and high-performance pneumatic and battery electric riveters.

A schematic diagram of installing a rivet with a broach is shown in the video:

Materials for broach rivets

Based on the method of installing rivets with a broach, it seems logical that the rivet assembly consists of two materials, and the material of the rod must be stronger than the material of the rivet itself - otherwise the rod will open and compress the rivet before it collapses. Such rivets use either a couple of different materials or the same type of materials, but with different strengths. Here are the most common pairs of materials for broach rivets:

• (in fact, the rivet is not made of aluminum, but of an aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg, which can have different percentages of magnesium (Mg): 1%; 2.5%; 3.5%; 5% - alloys, respectively AMg, AMg2, AMg3, AMg5- the higher the magnesium (Mg) content, the stronger the rivet) - denote Al/St
• (the rivet is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg, and the outside is powder coated in a specific color from the color chart RAL) - denote Al/St 0000 , Where 0000 - four-digit layout color number RAL
• Aluminum rivet + aluminum rod (the rivet and rod are made of aluminum-magnesium alloys AMG, but with different percentages of magnesium - the rod is stronger) - indicate Al/Al
• Aluminum rivet + stainless steel rod - denote Al/A2
• (both the rivet and the rod are made of stainless steel, but of different grades, and the rod is stronger) - indicate A2/A2 or A4/A4
• - denote Cu/St
• Copper rivet + bronze rod - denote Cu/Br
• Copper rivet + stainless steel rod - denote Cu/A2
• (rivet and rod made of steel, but of different grades and the rod is stronger) - denote St/St

Determining the length of a rivet with a broach

The length of the rivet with a broach can be determined using the following table, depending on the thickness of the materials being fastened (the manufacturer strongly does not recommend using rivets for riveting materials with a thickness less than the lower recommended limit and higher than the upper limit).

Threaded rivets

Threaded rivets, although they were invented almost simultaneously with broach rivets, became widespread only recently.

A threaded rivet is a hybrid of a hollow rivet and a nut, so the second name for such rivets is riveting nuts. In fact, there is no unity in the name - they are also called rivet nut, threaded rivet, rivet nut. This confusion with names is explained by the lack of an ISO or DIN standard for this type of fastener. The design feature of riveting nuts determines their dual purpose: with their help, you can either rivet sheet materials together or simply create threaded fastening points on thin-walled structural elements. The convenience of installing rivets is due to the absence of the need for access from the reverse side of the structure - the so-called “blind installation”. During installation, the already treated surface of the part, for example, with coating or painting, is not damaged.

According to the shape of the collar (head), riveting nuts are divided into:

• with a flat cylindrical collar (normal and reduced)
• with a hidden collar (normal and reduced)

According to their design, threaded rivets are divided into open - with a through hole, and blind - closed on one side.

According to the shape of the outer surface, threaded rivets are divided into:

• smooth
• corrugated
• hexagonal
• half-hexagonal

Installation, as in the case of pull rivets, is carried out using a specialized tool - pliers for riveting nuts - a riveter. We produce mechanical manual riveters and high-performance pneumatic riveters.

Materials for threaded rivets

Currently, European manufacturers produce threaded rivets from the following materials:

• Aluminum-magnesium alloys
• Galvanized steel
• Stainless steel

How to choose the length of a threaded rivet

The selection of the correct rivet length is carried out depending on the type of threaded rivet and the thickness of the sheet structure on which the rivet is installed. The length of the rivet with the same thread varies depending on the type of rivet. Many types of threaded rivets come in normal length and extended length. The length of the rivet must be selected based on

Tables with sizes and parameters of rivets