What is building volume measured in? How to calculate building materials
Irina Samoilova
178466
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For engineers, the calculation of various building quantities is not particularly difficult. For ordinary people, construction terminology seems incomprehensible, many do not understand the difference between residential and total area, the construction volume of the building and the volume of construction work. Meanwhile, the construction volume of the building is calculated to determine the cost of the project or the finished building. In practice, such a calculation can be done by anyone, an example is appraisers who independently calculate cubic meters. Well, let's try to figure out why you need to calculate the volume of a building, how to do it and what to do with the resulting value.
Photo from Flickr.com/Ryan Ritchie
What is the construction volume of a building
The value you get in the calculation will be equal to cubic meters. The construction volume of the building is included in the design and estimate documentation. It is defined for the purpose of:
- determining the cost of construction;
- the cost of restoring the facility;
- to calculate the cost of heating and air conditioning systems.
- the volume of the above-ground part;
- the volume of the underground part (basement, ground floor).
To calculate the volume of an individual residential building, you will need:
- technical passport with a floor plan attached;
- cadastral passport.
How to calculate building volume
We count according to the formulaTwo formulas can be used for the calculation, the choice of one of which depends on the availability of the built-up area or the total area of the building.
We apply the building area
Formula - V=Sₐ * hₐ+Sₒ*hₒ
In this case:
Sₐ - building area. The building is conditionally divided into geometric shapes, the area of which is added up.
You can imagine the house as a single rectangle or trapezoid. This is the area of the horizontal section along the outer contour, the protruding parts are included in the value.
Hₐ is the height of the house. In this case, the protruding parts of the roof can be leveled.
Sₒ - basement area.
Hₒ - basement height.
We use the total area
Formula - V=Stot. * ex. fl.*K, where
Stot. - the sum of the areas of all floors. In this case, the area is measured by the inner stroke of the outer walls.
ex. this. - is defined as the height of the building from the inside without taking into account the ceilings, the clear height.
K is a coefficient that takes into account the thickness of the walls. For residential premises, multiply by 0.8.
We apply calculation formulas
If the house has a basement, then it is necessary to find out the building volume of the underground part of the building. The horizontal section or building area is multiplied by the height. The height is determined from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the basement.
Note: basement construction makes construction more expensive by 25–30%.
We consider the above-ground part
We also multiply the horizontal section along the first floor by the total height. The total height is measured from the floor of the first floor to the beginning of the attic insulation layer. If the roof is flat, then we stop in the middle of the attic.
Understanding the details
In principle, everything is not so difficult if the house is of a standard form without any architectural frills. If there are loggias, attics, bay windows and niches, the question arises of how to consider what to include and what not. Let's figure it out.The attic floor is considered separately. To do this, we multiply the vertical section along the outer contour by the length of the house. The vertical is measured before the beginning of the overlap.
In modern architecture, you can find houses consisting of separate parts-elements. For example, attached turrets, geometrically complex subsequent floors, and so on. For such exquisite projects, it will be necessary to calculate the volume of each structural element. The delimiting capital partition is considered to be in the element to which it corresponds in height or configuration.
Bay windows, verandas and any capital or load-bearing extensions must be taken into account in the total volume. Their volume is considered individually and summed up with the volume of the other parts, aboveground and underground.
Arches, driveways, utility rooms, are not taken into account if not included in the dimensions of the house. That is, they are not attached to it, do not have common structural elements. Niches and protruding elements should also not be included in the horizontal section area.
Alternative Formula
We add 0.2 to the height of the room from the technical passport. This is the approximate thickness of the floors. We multiply this value by the area according to the internal measurement and multiply by a factor of 1.2. Approximate coefficient of transition of the internal area to the external one.
Attention: calculations using this formula will not be entirely accurate, since the values \u200b\u200bof 0.2 and 1.2 are approximate and do not correspond to the individual characteristics of your building.
You can determine the volume at a primitive level, not for budget documentation, but for information, as follows.
Imagine that the building has two floors, the total area is 800 squares, which means 400 square meters per floor. The ceiling height is 3 meters, which means the height of the building is 6 meters, suitable for a building with a flat roof. We multiply 400 by 6, we get 2400 cubic meters. This is a very approximate calculation, the difference with the real one calculated by formulas can be hundreds of units.
Thus, the construction volume of the building can be useful to you when planning individual construction. The above formulas are suitable for calculating buildings in retrospect. Try to independently calculate a standard house for a start, without ledges and architectural frills, and then master more complex designs.
The need to determine the construction volume of a building arises when it is required to estimate the cost of its construction or the cost of the building itself. This value is the sum of the volumes of all residential, non-residential and technical premises of a building being designed or already built and is measured in cubic meters. The procedure for performing calculations to determine the construction volume is determined by SNiPs and GOSTs.
Why is it necessary to calculate the building volume?
The calculation of the construction volume of the building is carried out for several reasons:
- in the case when it is necessary to estimate the amount of costs for the construction of a building;
- to assess the cost of work in the event of carrying out repair and restoration work, reconstruction or overhaul;
- due to the need to calculate the cost of energy resources required for space heating, as well as the cost of equipment for the ventilation system.
The data obtained as a result of calculations of the construction volume will be the basis for determining the cost of work reflected in the design and estimate documentation - local and object estimates and the contract price.
Calculation of the construction volume of a building does not require any special knowledge or skills and will not cause any particular difficulties for a person who does not have a special engineering or construction education.
In order to determine the construction volume, it is necessary to use the information contained in the cadastral and technical passports of the building and its floor plan. In the event that these documents are not at hand, it is necessary to independently measure the area of \u200b\u200ball rooms and the height of the walls, and then carry out the appropriate calculations.
When calculating the construction volume of a building, one should not forget that this value includes both the above-ground part of the building and the underground part - basements and basements.
The results of the calculations will only be valid if a number of rules governing the procedure for determining the construction volume have been observed. If these rules were violated, the design and estimate documentation may be recognized as such that it has no legal force. You can find these rules online.
Requirements for determining the building volume
1 Condition: the building has an attic floor. In this case, the procedure for determining the volume of its aerial part is as follows:
- the area of the building in its horizontal section is calculated. Measurements should be made along its outer contour. The level at which measurements are made is the first floor, above the basement.
- the height of the above-ground part of the building is determined. The boundaries of measurements in this case will be the floor of the first floor and the upper edge of the insulation;
- the results obtained are multiplied among themselves.
2. Condition: no attic floor. The calculation procedure in this case is as follows:
- the area of the vertical walls of the building in its cross section is calculated. In this case, the height of the outer wall, the outlines of the roof and the outer contours of the building at the level of the finished floor of the first floor (above the basement) are taken into account. If there are niches on the wall of the building or elements of architectural decoration, they should not be taken into account;
- the length of the building is measured - along the wall perpendicular to its vertical section;
3. If the floor of the building has a different area or shape, it is necessary to determine the volume of each of them, and summarize the results. The volume of verandas, vestibules and other elements that can increase the total volume of the building is also summed up. Loggias and balconies, as well as porticos and driveways are not taken into account during the calculations.
4. If the roof of a building is equipped with skylights that protrude beyond its outer contours, such lights should be included in the construction volume.
5. The total volume of the building includes the volumes of its technical floors.
6. If the building has an attic floor, its volume will be equal to the product of the attic area in its horizontal section and the height. The extreme points when measuring the height of the attic will be the level of the floor and the top of its attic floor. Moreover, if such an overlap will have a curvilinear outline, it is necessary to calculate the average height of the attic.
7. The volume of the underground part of the building (basement or semi-basement) is determined as follows:
- the basement area is calculated in its horizontal section - at the floor level of the first floor;
- the height of the basement is determined - from the level of its floor to the floor of the first floor;
- the resulting numbers are multiplied with each other.
In the event that the basement does not have external walls, measurements should be taken at the level of its ceiling.
8. The sum of the volumes of the above-ground part of the building and the basement will be the total construction volume of the building.
9. The outer contour of the walls includes plaster and a layer of cladding.
Structural volume of the building
The main reason for calculating the construction volume of a building is the need to correctly draw up an estimate for construction or repair and restoration work. Thus, the amount of money that the customer of the work will give into the hands of the construction organization will depend on whether this indicator was correctly calculated. Of course, the best course of action in the event of a need to determine the construction volume of a designed or finished building would be to contact a specialist. However, if there is a desire and a certain amount of free time, you can make the necessary calculations yourself. There are no special difficulties here. The only thing to remember is the existence of rules that should be followed when making measurements and calculations. Otherwise, the figures obtained will be unreliable, and this, in turn, may lead to the design and estimate documentation being invalidated.
What should be kept in mind when determining the construction volume of a building?
- the construction volume of the building is the sum of the volumes of its above-ground part and the basement;
- above ground is considered the part of the building from the floor of the first floor to the top of the attic floor or roof. Everything below refers to the underground part;
- depending on whether the building has an attic floor or not, the volume of the above-ground part is calculated either by multiplying its area in horizontal section by the height, or by multiplying its area in vertical section by the length of the building;
- if the floors of the building have an unequal area, it is necessary to calculate the volumes of each floor, and the results obtained should be summarized;
- the volume of the building includes the volumes of attics, skylights, verandas and vestibules. Not included - volumes of balconies, porticos and driveways;
- technical floors must also be taken into account;
- the volume of the basement of the building is calculated similarly to the volume of its above-ground part;
- the measurement of the length of the walls is made taking into account the thickness of the plaster and cladding.
Methods for calculating the building volume
Depending on what results you need to get - accurate (for drawing up project documentation) or approximate (for yourself) - you should choose the appropriate option, how to calculate the construction volume of the building. At a minimum, there are four different ways to perform calculations of varying degrees of accuracy.
Method one:
- measure the height of all floors of the building. Summarize the measurement results;
- multiply the resulting numbers together.
As a result of such calculations, one can only get an approximate idea of the construction volume of the building, since this method does not take into account many factors. Such as the thickness of walls and floors. Measurements and calculations made using this method will not meet the requirements for determining the building volume. Therefore, it is unacceptable to use it in the preparation of project documentation.
Method two:
- measure the area of all rooms of the building or look at the technical documentation. Summarize the measurement results;
- measure the height of all floors of the building. It is necessary to add 0.2 to the result obtained (this number represents the approximate thickness of the interfloor ceilings). Summarize the measurement results;
- multiply the resulting numbers among themselves;
- multiply the result of the calculation by 1.2. This indicator is the coefficient of transition of the internal areas of the building to the external one.
The figures obtained as a result of such calculations will be more accurate than when using the first method. At the same time, this method also does not give accurate results, since it does not take into account the characteristics of a particular building, the walls and ceilings of which may have a thickness different from those used in the calculation of the coefficients.
Method three.
In this case, for the calculations, a formula is used that takes into account the built-up area of the building. In this case, the construction volume will be the sum of the products of the built-up area by the height of the building and the basement area by its height. To obtain the initial figures, it is necessary to apply the rules for calculating the building volume.
Method four.
In this case, the total area of the building is used. The construction volume is calculated as the product of the sum of all areas of the interior of the building and its internal height (floors are not taken into account in this case) and a special coefficient used to take into account the thickness of the walls.
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Volume is a quantitative characteristic of the space occupied by a body, structure or substance.
Volume calculation formula:
V=A*B*C
A - length;
B - width;
C is the height.
You can quickly perform this simple mathematical operation using our online program. To do this, enter the initial value in the appropriate field and click the button.
See also:
m3 to l conversion calculator
cm to m conversion calculator
In our design organization, you can order the calculation of the volume of the room on the basis of a technological or design assignment.
This page provides the simplest online calculator for calculating the volume of a room. With this one-click calculator, you can calculate the volume of a room if you know the length, width and height.
A square meter is a unit of area that is equal to the area of a square with a side length of 1 meter. A cubic meter is a unit of volume, equal to the volume of a cube with ribs of 1 meter. Thus, these units are used to measure various properties of matter, therefore, from the point of view of physics, it is not entirely correct to talk about translating one unit of measurement into another.
However, in practice, there are often situations when it is necessary to convert dissimilar units of measurement (for example, a square meter to a cubic meter and vice versa).
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Converting square meters to cubic
Most often, such a conversion is useful when calculating the amount of building materials, since some of them are sold in cubic meters, and are intended for arranging various surfaces that are conveniently measured in square meters. In order to convert square meters to cubic meters, in addition to the length and width of the product, you need to know its thickness. Product volume is calculated by the formula V=a*b*c, where
- a,b and c - length, width and height in meters.
For example, you need to sheathe a room with clapboard.
How to calculate the volume in m3?
The total area of the walls is 200 square meters. The lining is sold in cubic meters. The lining thickness is 1 cm. In order to calculate the volume of building materials, the following calculations must be made:
- Now you need to multiply the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls by the thickness of the lining in meters: 200 * 0.01 \u003d 2 cubic meters.
Thus, in order to sheathe 200 meters of square walls, you will need 2 meters of cubic lining.
Convert cubic meters to square meters
In some cases, it may be necessary to convert cubic meters to square meters - that is, to measure how many square meters of material are contained in one cubic meter. To do this, you need to know the volume and thickness (height) of the material and make calculations using the formula: S = V / a, where:
- S - area in square meters;
- V - volume in cubic meters;
- a - thickness (height) of the material.
Thus, if you need to determine what area can be sheathed with 1 cubic meter of lining 1 cm thick, you need:
- Convert the thickness of the lining in centimeters to meters: 1/100 \u003d 0.01 meters;
- Divide the volume of lining in cubic meters by the resulting thickness in meters: 1 m3 / 0.01m = 100 m2.
Thus, with a clapboard, the volume of which is 1 cubic meter, it is possible to sheathe walls with an area of 100 square meters.
In order for these calculations not to seem so complicated, it is enough to visualize the concepts of a cubic meter and a square meter. So, to imagine 1 cubic meter, you need to mentally draw a cube, the sides of which are equal to 1 meter.
To imagine how many square meters are contained in one cubic, you can divide the vertical plane of the cube into conditional strips, the width of which is equal to the thickness of the material being represented. The number of such bands will be equal to the area of the material.
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How to find volume in terms of areaVolume - a measure of capacity, expressed for geometric shapes in the form of the formula V=l*b*h. Where l is the length, b is the width, h is the height of the object. In the presence of only one or two characteristics, it is impossible to calculate the volume in most cases. However, under certain conditions it seems possible to do this through the area. Instruction
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Volume is a geometric term that allows you to measure the quantitative characteristics of residential and non-residential space.
It is possible to determine the volume of a room, having information about its linear dimensions and shape characteristics. Volume is very closely intertwined with capacity characteristics. Surely everyone is familiar with such terms as the internal volume of a vessel or any container.
The volume unit is classified according to worldwide standards. There is a special measurement system - SI, according to which a cubic meter, liter or centimeter is a metric unit of volume.
Any room, whether it is a living room or a production room, has its own volume characteristics. If we consider any room in terms of geometry, then the room is comparable to a parallelepiped. This is a hexagonal figure, in the case of a room, its edges are the walls, floor and ceiling. Each side of the room is a rectangle. As is known from geometry, there is a formula for finding the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped. The volume of this figure is calculated by multiplying the three main dimensions of the parallelepiped - the length, width and height of the faces. You can also calculate the volume of a room using a simpler formula - the floor area is multiplied by the height of the room.
How to find out the volume of a room
So, how do you calculate the volume of a particular room? First, we measure the length of the wall, the longest in the room. Then we determine the length of the shortest wall in the room. All these measurements are carried out at the floor level, along the line of the baseboards. When measuring, the tape measure must be level. The time has come to measure the height of the ceiling. To do this, you need to hold a tape measure from floor to ceiling in one of the corners of the room.
All measurements must be recorded to the nearest tenth. After that, you can proceed directly to the calculation of the volume of the room. We take the length of the largest wall, multiply it by the length of the smallest wall, then multiply the result by the height of the room. As a result, we get the necessary numbers - the volume of the room.
It is necessary to calculate the volume of a room in a variety of situations. So, you need to know the volume of the room when installing a sectional heating radiator. The number of sections in it directly depends on the volume of the room. If you are installing an air conditioner, you also need to know the volumes of the room, since a separate air conditioner is only designed for a specific volume of the room.
Complex room volume
In the case when the room has an irregular shape, you need to start again from the figure of a parallelepiped. In this case, the room will be represented by a large and small volumetric body. So, the volume must be measured separately for a large parallelepiped, and then for a small one. After that, the two volumes are added together. It happens that the structure of the room is completely non-standard, there may be arches and niches of a semicircular formation. In this case, the volumes must be calculated using a different formula - the volume of the cylinder. The volume of a cylinder is always calculated according to a single formula - the area of \u200b\u200bits base is multiplied by the height of a cylindrical body. Semicircular structures in the room can be represented as part of a cylinder, based on this, calculations are made of the total volume of the cylinder, and then the excess part is subtracted from them, in accordance with the dimensions of the semicircular niche.
How to find the volume of a room
Estimation of the volume of premises is quite often required in the production of construction and repair work. In most cases, this is required to clarify the amount of materials needed for repairs, as well as to select an effective heating or air conditioning system. Quantitative characteristics describing space, as a rule, require some measurements and simple calculations.
2. If the room has an irregular or complex shape, the task becomes a little more complicated. Break the area of the room into several simple figures and calculate the area of \u200b\u200beach of them, having previously made measurements. Add up the resulting values, summing the area. Multiply the amount by the height of the room. Measurements must be carried out in the same units, for example, in meters.
5. Separately calculate the volumes of verandas, bay windows, vestibules and other auxiliary elements of the structure. Include this data in the total volume of all rooms in the building. Thus, you can easily find the volume of any room or building, the calculations are quite simple, try and be careful.
Room volume formula
How to calculate the volume of a room
Volume is a quantitative feature of a place. The volume of the room is determined by its shape and linear dimensions. The concept of capacity is closely intertwined with the concept of volume, in other words, the volume of the internal space of a vessel, packing box, etc. The accepted units of measurement are in the SI measurement system and its derivatives - cubic meter m3, cubic centimeter, liter. You will need To measure the volume of a room, you will need a tape measure, a sheet of paper, a calculator, a pen. 1 Each room, for example a room, is, from a geometric point of view, a rectangular parallelepiped.
A parallelepiped is a large figure with 6 faces. and it doesn't matter which of them is a rectangle. The formula for finding the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped is: V=abc. The number of a rectangular parallelepiped is equal to the product of 3 of its dimensions. Apart from this formula, you can measure the amount of space by multiplying the floor area by the height.
2 So start calculating the volume of the room. Determine the length of one wall, later determine the length of the 2nd wall. Take measurements on the floor, at the level of the plinth. Keep the tape measure straight.
At the moment, determine the height of the room, to do this, go to one of its corners, and accurately measure the height along the corner from floor to ceiling. Write down the acquired data on a piece of paper so as not to forget.
How to calculate the volume in m3 of concrete calculator
At the moment, proceed to the calculations: multiply the length of a long wall by the length of a short wall, multiply the acquired product by the height and you will get the required result.
The volumes of rooms are calculated in various cases: 1) in the case of purchasing an air conditioner, since air conditioners are designed for a certain number of rooms; 2) in the case of installing heating radiators in rooms, since the number of sections in the radiator depends on the volume of the room. 3 If you have an irregularly shaped room, in other words, it consists of a seemingly huge parallelepiped and a small one. In this case, it is necessary to measure the number of each of them separately, and then add them up. If your room has an alcove. then its amount must be calculated using the formula for the volume of a cylinder. The number of any cylinder is equal to the product of the area of the base and the height: V \u003d? r2 h, where. is the number "pi" equal to 3.14, r2 is the square of the radius of the cylinder, h is the height.
Imagine your alcove for yourself as part of a cylinder, calculate the amount of what seems to be the entire cylinder, later look at what part of this cylinder your alcove occupies, subtract the excess part from the total volume.
How to calculate the area of a room?
If a room has four walls and has a standard geometric figure with right angles, then it is necessary to measure two walls and multiplying the resulting two numbers by each other we get the area of the room, and for the volume you need to multiply the result by the height. but this is only with regular geometric shapes.
It is more difficult to find the area and dimensions when the shape of the room is the wrong size, for example.
Then you need to apply all the knowledge of geometry, namely, divide the room into several regular figures and, in accordance with the formulas of these figures, find their area, and then add all the results together, then you get the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room. To find the height, you need to multiply the result of the total area by the height.
Things are even worse with non-standard rooms with irregular wall and roof angles. Then you have to transfer all the dimensions of the room to paper, divide it into regular figures and, based on each figure, find its area and volume, and then summarize the results.
The area of the room does not include protrusions of windows and other things that are higher than the floor, but they are included in the calculation of the volume of the room.
How to calculate the area of a room
In the case of measuring an irregularly shaped room, for a more accurate calculation of the area, it is recommended to divide it into rectangles. By calculating the area of \u200b\u200beach such area, you can find out the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room by simply summing up all the results obtained.
If it is not possible to divide the room into rectangular sections, then you can try such shapes as a triangle or a sector of a circle. The area of a triangle is calculated using Heron's formula: S=v**).
P - half-perimeter of a triangle, which can be calculated in this way: p \u003d / 2
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Calculation of a brick for a house: an online calculator and how to check the calculations manually
Estimation of the volume of premises is quite often required in the production of construction and repair work. In most cases, this is required to clarify the amount of materials needed for repairs, as well as to select an effective heating or air conditioning system.
Quantitative characteristics describing space, as a rule, require some measurements and simple calculations.
1. The simplest case is when it is required to determine the volume of a room of a regular rectangular or square shape. Using a tape measure, measure in meters the length and width of the walls, as well as the height of the room. It is most convenient to take measurements along the floor, along the baseboards. Multiply the obtained indicators of length, width, height and you will get the desired volume.
2. If the room has an irregular or complex shape, the task becomes a little more complicated. Break the area of the room into several simple shapes (rectangles, squares, semicircles, and so on) and calculate the area of \u200b\u200beach of them, having previously made measurements. Add up the resulting values, summing the area. Multiply the amount by the height of the room. Measurements must be carried out in the same units, for example, in meters.
3. When carrying out construction work, the determination of the volume of the entire structure is determined by the standards. The so-called building volume of the ground part of the building with an attic can be calculated by multiplying the horizontal sectional area along the outer contours at the level of the lower floor. Measure the full height of the building from finished floor level to the top of the attic insulation. Multiply both numbers.
4. If there are floors of different sizes, determine the total volume of premises in the building by adding the volumes of all parts. In the same way, the volume is determined if the premises have different outlines and designs.
5. Separately calculate the volumes of verandas, bay windows, vestibules and other auxiliary elements of the structure (with the exception of covered and open balconies). Include this data in the total volume of all rooms in the building. Thus, you can easily find the volume of any room or building, the calculations are quite simple, try and be careful. 
2.4 Calculation of the capacity of public buildings and the size of their land plots
Public buildings house institutions and public service enterprises.
By specialization and types of services, public institutions and enterprises are divided into preschool (nurseries and kindergartens), schools, health care, cultural and educational, public utilities, trade and distribution, public catering, administrative and economic, etc.
Calculation of the volume of the room.
The composition of public institutions for each populated area is initially developed in the draft district planning, which presents the entire system of resettlement in the area and the placement of institutions and service enterprises in settlements. These developments are taken into account when determining the composition of public buildings in a particular populated area. This takes into account the possibility of further operation of existing buildings.
The calculation of the capacity or throughput of institutions and service enterprises is carried out according to the design norms (SNiP).
Table 6
Perspective calculation of public institutions
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Institutions |
Standards per 1000 inhabitants |
Estimated figures per 186 inhabitants |
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|
capacity |
land plot, ha |
capacity |
land plot, ha |
|
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Kindergarten |
||||
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Feldsher-obstetric station |
||||
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grocery store |
||||
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department store |
||||
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Administrative building |
||||
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Dining room |
||||
|
sports complex |
||||
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Fire station |
||||
2.5 Drawing up a list of design buildings and structures
Public buildings house institutions and public service enterprises. By specialization and types of services, public institutions and enterprises are divided into:
Preschool children's (nurseries and kindergartens);
school;
healthcare,
cultural and educational;
· household;
· trade and distribution;
· Catering;
Administrative and economic and others.
According to the territorial coverage of services, they can be divided into the following groups:
1) servicing residents of several settlements;
2) services for residents of one populated area;
3) services for residents of certain parts of a populated area.
The first group includes institutions located in regional centers and serving the entire population of the region (district Council of People's Deputies, House of Culture, post office, department store, etc.), as well as institutions serving a group of settlements and located in the largest of them, for example , in the central estates of farms (village Council of People's Deputies, state farm office, collective farm board, secondary school, hospital, etc.). The second group consists of institutions serving all residents of one populated area. The third group includes institutions that serve residents of certain parts of a large populated area and are represented in it by several buildings located at different points (kindergartens and nurseries, schools, grocery stores, etc.).
This system of service establishments was called the "step system". It ensures the proximity of service establishments to residents. Thus, the first group includes occasional use institutions, the second - periodic use, and the third - provides for daily maintenance.
The composition of public institutions for each populated area is initially developed in the draft district planning, which presents the entire system of resettlement in the area and the placement of institutions and service enterprises in settlements. These developments are taken into account when determining the composition of public buildings in a particular populated area. At the same time, the possibilities of further operation of existing public buildings are taken into account.
The calculation of the capacity or throughput of institutions and service enterprises is carried out according to the calculated norms.
In accordance with the calculated data of public institutions, standard designs of public buildings are selected for a particular populated area. At the same time, it is advisable to give preference to such standard projects, which provide for the placement of several public institutions in one building. At the same time, the construction and operating cost per unit volume of the building is reduced, its appearance becomes more interesting, and the architecture of the public center where the building is located is enriched.
Every time a construction project is started, one has to calculate the financial costs, regardless of whether a house is being built with one's own hands, with the help of neighbors or by professional builders. Significant differences will be in the timing, quality of work performed, but most importantly - in the price of the entire event.
You can reduce risks and get a high-quality result by attracting a certified professional contractor. The preliminary cost of building a house can be calculated using an online construction calculator.
Methods of calculation for the performance of construction work
Calculations for the construction of a private house can be made in three ways:
- Measurements on the design area.
- Building area calculations.
- Definition by construction volumes.
The first two methods at the output give an overestimated estimate figure. It includes additional costs for the alleged overrun of the material, the allowable rise in the cost of its cost. The possibility of additional unforeseen expenses is taken into account.
The third approach (calculation by real volumes) is more accurate and objective. It takes into account the work that will be directly carried out. The volume of completion for each segment of the construction is considered. Therefore, at the stage of drawing up an estimate, the customer has the opportunity, without violating the project, to make his wishes for individual structures (for example, for ceilings, roofing). Deviations from the total cost are possible within 15%.
According to the last principle, unlike many other resources, a unique mathematical calculator for calculating the construction of a house from the website works.
Algorithms for calculating the online calculator for building a house
The calculation is based on simple mathematics. First, to determine the volume, you need to set the value of the width, length and height (thickness) of a certain structure.
Secondly, building codes and regulations that apply to specific structures selected for the project are taken into account.
Thirdly, the actual price of the materials used, the tools used, the equipment involved, and the labor of specialists are taken into account. It is important that the price of building materials is stable, there are no sharp jumps. This is possible due to the presence of its own warehouse-shop with materials.
Fourthly, the calculations are based on existing and approved drawings. Therefore, when designing a private house on our construction calculator, you get a result that is associated with real projects. The constant practice of contract work allows us to take into account all, even small, current costs. That is why the construction cost calculations on this online calculator are more accurate than on similar services.
Fifthly, the reliability of the result is ensured by adding up individual calculations for each segment of the construction of the house:
- laying the foundation;
- erection of walls and ceilings;
- roofing work with the arrangement of the chimney;
- installation of stairs, windows, doors;
- facade design.
In addition, you can use our calculator to calculate the cost of building or repairing individual structures of your home.
Features of the formation of the price of work for different elements of the structure
Foundation
Before starting the calculations, you need to decide on the type of its design. In the settings of our calculator, the following foundation options are provided:
- tape on piles;
- tiled monolith;
- monolith with plinth;
- with basement.
The design is selected taking into account the mass of the designed structure and the characteristics of the soil geology at the site.
Next, for calculations, you need to specify the dimensions of the desired building (width, length) and the thickness of the foundation. We get three figures: the price of the work, the cost of materials, the final cost. This result will appear at each stage.
Walls
The scheme is similar. We choose which walls we will build, and the height of the floor.
We suggest paying attention to:
- cellular concrete blocks;
- ceramic brick walls;
- porous ceramic blocks.
It is worth knowing that the calculator will consider building a house from blocks a little more expensive than in the case of brickwork. But we advise you to initially choose the material according to the characteristics, and not the price.
Overlappings
The construction of floors is of particular interest for its ability to combine various options. The online calculator for calculating the construction of a private house offers to separately select floors for the basement and floor.
Also, the difference in design is presented to your attention:
- beams wooden or glued;
- concrete slabs or monolith.
In your choice, it is important to proceed from the general requirements for the structure under construction and financial capabilities. With proper selection of floors, you can even save. For example, it is better to use concrete between the basement and the first floor. The house will be better protected from moisture coming from below, and the floors will withstand a lot of weight. At the heart of the attic floor, you can use wood, which is less durable than concrete, but cheaper. It will also improve thermal insulation.
If you are as safe as possible in terms of fire safety, it is better to turn to concrete partitions. However, it is important to take into account the capabilities of load-bearing structures (foundation, walls) in terms of withstanding a significant load.
Roof and chimney
The difference in their assortment lies only in price and aesthetics. The elements fully perform their functions, regardless of the price.
Pay attention to the following types of tiles:
- natural;
- composite;
- bituminous (soft);
- metal.
The latter option is characterized by the greatest prevalence in modern construction. The chimney can be chosen from brick, ceramic or stainless steel.
Stairs
The staircase is one of the elements of the house that cannot be defined in terms of volume. An online calculator for calculating the construction of a house determines the price of stairs based on the material of manufacture and the number of floors. They can be wooden, metal, monolithic (made of reinforced concrete).
Windows, doors
A unique feature of the home construction calculator from the site is the accounting of the areas allocated for window and door openings. When you specify the number of windows and doors, the total cost of building a house according to the calculator will be lower due to a decrease in the calculated volumes of wall materials.
Facade
Exterior decoration is needed not only for the exterior, but also for its heat and sound insulation of the building. An online calculator for determining the cost of building a house shows options for facade design using:
- clinker tiles;
- facing bricks;
- "wet facade" technologies;
- ordinary plaster.
The latter option is cheaper, but the plaster must be applied to walls that, due to their thickness, provide thermal protection.
Using the construction calculator on the site will help you not only present the cost of the work, but also develop a preliminary detailed design of a private house made of aerated concrete. Calculation accuracy is guaranteed by the combination of theoretical calculations with real experience in many construction projects.